精品解析：北京市第八中学2025-2026学年度第二学期高三开学考英语试题

2025-2026学年度第二学期开学测试 年级：高三 科目：英语 （本卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟） 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Sweat began to form on my forehead. I opened my mouth but couldn’t manage a sentence. My heart sank. As I ____1____ through my presentation, I could feel the ____2____ of my confidence destroyed. It was a new low. A few days later, I heard the school was to bring back the Poinsettia (一品红) Campaign during Christmas. The gift-shopping and poinsettia selling during the festival had always been my favorite. Moreover, the campaign was a tradition that had ____3____ a few years earlier. Yet it involved public speeches at the school conference. I was caught in a mental struggle for days before my brother____4____ me to have a try. The night before the conference, I spent hours practicing. By the time I had finished, my throat ached. But I made a stutter (结巴)-friendly speech that would last long enough. The whole conference has faded in my memory. All I remember is walking to the stage on ____5____ legs, ready to embarrass myself. But the strangest thing happened. I spoke ____6____. When I finished my speech, the audience’s applause rang in the air. After this experience, life continued as normal, but the ____7____ I had undergone was apparent. I started to live more ____8____ and even take leadership roles, which increased my confidence. Looking back, I am amazed at the huge change that can happen in a year. Having been caught up in a vicious ____9____ where my stutter ate away my confidence, I found a chance to break out of it. While I still stutter now and then, I no longer allow it to affect me. What happens if I stutter? A moment of ____10____ but that’s it. 1. A. saw B. pulled C. struggled D. walked 2. A. signs B. remains C. parts D. tracks 3. A. broken out B. run out C. died out D. turned out 4. A. convinced B. contacted C. invited D. reminded 5. A. strong B. shaky C. steady D. still 6. A. fluently B. awkwardly C. repeatedly D. loudly 7. A. change B. difficulty C. horror D. test 8. A. carefully B. secretly C. freely D. actively 9. A. mistake B. rush C. conflict D. cycle 10. A. regret B. anger C. sorrow D. embarrassment 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者曾因口吃演讲受挫，后鼓起勇气参加校园活动演讲并成功，从此走出自卑，变得积极自信，不再被口吃困扰。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我艰难地完成演讲时，我能感觉到我仅存的自信被摧毁了。A. saw看见；B. pulled拉；C. struggled艰难进行；D. walked走。根据前文“I opened my mouth but couldn’t manage a sentence”可知，作者演讲非常吃力，struggled符合语境。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我艰难地完成演讲时，我能感觉到我仅存的自信被摧毁了。A. signs迹象；B. remains剩余；C. parts部分；D. tracks轨迹。根据前文“My heart sank”以及语境可知，这里指作者所剩无几的自信被摧毁了。故选B项。 【3题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：此外，这项活动是一项几年前就已经消失的传统。A. broken out爆发；B. run out用完；C. died out消失；D. turned out结果是。根据前文“the school was to bring back the Poinsettia Campaign”以及语境可推测，该传统曾中断消失过。故选C项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我陷入了好几天的心理斗争，之后我哥哥说服我试一试。A. convinced说服；B. contacted联系；C. invited邀请；D. reminded提醒。根据后文“I spent hours practicing”以及语境可知，作者内心很挣扎，而哥哥劝服了作者尝试。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只记得迈着颤抖的腿走上舞台，准备让自己难堪。A. strong强壮的；B. shaky颤抖的；C. steady稳定的；D. still静止的。根据后文“ready to embarrass myself”以及语境可知，这里指作者非常紧张，双腿发抖。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但最奇怪的事情发生了。我讲得很流利。A. fluently流利地；B. awkwardly尴尬地；C. repeatedly重复地；D. loudly大声地。根据后文“When I finished my speech, the audience’s applause rang in the air”可知，这里指演讲很顺利，fluently符合语境。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经历过后，生活照常继续，但我所经历的变化是显而易见的。A. change改变；B. difficulty困难；C. horror恐惧；D. test测试。根据后文“I started to live more actively and even take leadership roles”以及语境可知，作者发生巨大改变。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我开始更积极地生活，甚至承担领导角色，这增强了我的信心。A. carefully小心地；B. secretly秘密地；C. freely自由地；D. actively积极地。根据后文“increased my confidence”以及语境可知，这里指作者变得更积极主动，actively符合语境。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我陷入了一个恶性循环 —— 口吃不断消磨我的自信，而我终于找到了打破它的机会。A. mistake错误；B. rush匆忙；C. conflict冲突；D. cycle循环。根据后文“my stutter ate away my confidence”以及语境可知，作者因口吃而没有自信，没有自信从而变得更加紧张口吃，这是恶性循环，cycle符合语境。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我口吃了会怎样？只是片刻的尴尬而已。A. regret后悔；B. anger愤怒；C. sorrow悲伤；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据前文“I no longer allow it to affect me”以及语境可知，作者不再允许口吃长期影响自己，最多只是片刻的尴尬而已，embarrassment符合语境。故选D项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The 42nd Golden Joystick Awards has crowned Black Myth: Wukong the Ultimate Game of the Year for 2024, following a supercharged public vote that drew over 12 million ballots (选票) across the event’s 21 ____11____ (category). Black Myth: Wukong, which was among several 2024 GOTY nominees (被提名者) who could count on a strong showing from hugely loyal fan bases, ____12____ (stop) a dominant Final Fantasy Ⅶ Rebirth from taking the most awards of the night, while also successfully ____13____ (hold) off Astro Bot, Silent Hill 2, and indie darlings Balatro and Animal Well for the ____14____ (big) award of the night. It also, unsurprisingly, won best visual design. 【答案】11. categories 12. stopped 13. holding 14. biggest 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《黑神话：悟空》获第42届金摇杆奖终极年度游戏奖及获奖情况。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：第42届金摇杆奖在公众投票的激烈角逐后，将2024终极年度游戏奖授予了《黑神话：悟空》，此次投票在活动的21个类别中吸引了超过1200万张选票。空处用于基数词21之后，应用名词category的复数形式categories，表示“类别”。故填categories。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：《黑神话：悟空》是2024年度最佳游戏的多位被提名者之一，这些被提名者都拥有庞大的忠实粉丝群体，表现强劲，它阻止了《最终幻想7：重生》成为当晚获奖最多的游戏，同时也成功击败了《宇宙机器人》、《寂静岭2》以及独立游戏佳作《小丑牌》和《动物井》，夺得了当晚最重要的奖项。本空作谓语动词，根据句中was和could count可知，本句描述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式stopped。故填stopped。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：《黑神话：悟空》是2024年度最佳游戏的多位被提名者之一，这些被提名者都拥有庞大的忠实粉丝群体，表现强劲，它阻止了《最终幻想7：重生》成为当晚获奖最多的游戏，同时也成功击败了《宇宙机器人》、《寂静岭2》以及独立游戏佳作《小丑牌》和《动物井》，夺得了当晚最重要的奖项。空处作非谓语动词，根据空前的while also successfully可知，此处与上文阻止《最终幻想7：重生》获奖是并列关系，也是《黑神话：悟空》做的事情，所以hold用现在分词形式holding表主动，作状语。故填holding。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：《黑神话：悟空》是2024年度最佳游戏的多位被提名者之一，这些被提名者都拥有庞大的忠实粉丝群体，表现强劲，它阻止了《最终幻想7：重生》成为当晚获奖最多的游戏，同时也成功击败了《宇宙机器人》、《寂静岭2》以及独立游戏佳作《小丑牌》和《动物井》，夺得了当晚最重要的奖项。根据空前定冠词the以及空后of the night可知，此处应该用形容词big的最高级形式biggest，表示“最重要的”，修饰空后名词award。故填biggest。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Straw weight (草量级) Shi Ming knocked out Feng Xiaocan via head kick to win the road to UFC Season 3 Straw weight Final at UFC fight night on Saturday. Following two rounds in ___15___ she struggled to out-strike the taller Feng Xiaocan, Shi landed an unbelievable knockout in the third round to become the latest Chinese fighter ___16___ (compete) in the world’s top mixed martial arts tournament. To the surprise of many, Shi is also an acupuncturist ___17___ Traditional Chinese Medicine. 【答案】15. which 16. to compete 17. in 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了草量级选手石铭在UFC比赛中获胜并成为最新参赛的中国选手，她还是中医针灸师。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在前两回合中，她一直努力击败身材较高的冯萧灿，在第三回合，石铭难以置信地将冯萧灿击倒，成为在世界顶级综合格斗赛事中参赛的最新一位中国选手。“in ______ she struggled to out-strike the taller Feng Xiaocan”是定语从句，修饰先行词two rounds，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在前两回合中，她一直努力击败身材较高的冯萧灿，在第三回合，石铭难以置信地将冯萧灿击倒，成为在世界顶级综合格斗赛事中参赛的最新一位中国选手。空处是非谓语动词，修饰Chinese fighter，且Chinese fighter前由the latest修饰，所以此处应用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to compete。 【17题详解】 考查介词。句意：令许多人惊讶的是，石铭还是一名中医针灸师。根据“an acupuncturist”和“Traditional Chinese Medicine”可知，此处表示“一名中医针灸师”，应用介词in，表示“在……方面，属于”。故填in。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It is an everyday breakfast for people in Juungar Banner. Millet (小米) soaked overnight in tangy, fermented (发酵的) water ___18___(cook) with potatoes into a thick, golden mixture with a distinct smell. The first bite delivers a sharp sourness, ___19___(follow) by a subtle sweetness from the carbohydrates as you chew. It’s quite different from the typical Inner Mongolian breakfast one ___20___(imagine) — usually featuring milk tea, dairy products, and lamb or beef. 【答案】18. is cooked 19. followed 20. imagines 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了准格尔旗人日常早餐是将隔夜浸泡在发酵水中的小米与土豆同煮，酸甜可口，不同于常见的含奶茶、肉类的内蒙古早餐。 【18题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：小米在酸味的发酵水中浸泡一夜，然后与土豆一起煮成一种浓稠的、金黄色的混合物，散发出独特的气味。主语Millet与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is cooked。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：第一口尝到的是强烈的酸味，接着在咀嚼过程中，碳水化合物带来的淡淡甜味逐渐显现。follow与逻辑主语sourness是被动关系（酸味之后紧接着甜味），用过去分词作状语，故填followed。 【20题详解】 考查时态。句意：这与人们通常想象的内蒙古早餐大不相同——通常有奶茶、奶制品以及羊肉或牛肉。描述客观情况，主语 one为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填imagines。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Let's be honest: it can be hard to get motivated to do your schoolwork even in the best of times. So finding the motivation, while you’re learning from home, is extra challenging. Here are a few tips that could maximize your motivation. 1. Guard Your Time You do not need large amounts of time to be productive. Instead, be focused in short blocks when you can work without interruption. Protect these open times by setting up your workspace to minimize distractions—including silencing notifications (通知) on your cellphone or laptop. 2. Determine How Much Work Is Needed Write down the work you need to achieve, because there is a limit to how much information you can recall and process at one time. Examine the remaining projects, and estimate the amount and type of effort each requires. 3. Break Large Projects into Smaller Ones Breaking big projects into smaller and more manageable tasks allows you to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Your assigned tasks should follow a logical order. Also, making a list and crossing things off that list is really satisfying. 4. Set Goals Set goals related to effort. For example, plan to spend 60 minutes at a specific time of the day studying a pre-determined concept. Also, set goals related to the completion of specific tasks or projects. For instance, give yourself a deadline to read and take notes on a specific article for a certain paper you must write. 5. Identify the Rewards It pays to clarify the rewards this term—whether those rewards are internal, such as the feeling of accomplishment that comes from understanding a difficult concept well, or external, such as getting a good grade. Work to build good habits and strategies now. It will pay off in the future. 21. What skills do the first two tips relate to? A. Writing skills. B. Social skills. C. Teamwork skills. D. Time management skills. 22. According to the passage, which can help you most when you are faced with a big task? A. Tip 2. B. Tip 3. C. Tip 4. D. Tip 5. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show students how to stay focused on schoolwork. B. To analyze students' difficulties of learning from home. C. To offer students advice on how to improve productivity. D. To summarize some tips for parents to share with their children. 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。即使在最好的时候,也很难有动力去做你的学业。因此,你在家里学习的时候,找到动力是额外的挑战。文章介绍一些建议可以最大化你的动机。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据1. Guard Your Time中的“You do not need large amounts of time to be productive.（你不需要大量的时间来提高效率）” 和2. Determine How Much Work Is Needed中的“Write down the work you need to achieve, because there is a limit to how much information you can recall and process at one time.（写下你需要完成的工作，因为你一次能回忆和处理的信息是有限的）”，由此可知，前两条建议涉及“时间管理”技能。故选D。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据3. Break Large Projects into Smaller Ones中“Breaking big projects into smaller and more manageable tasks allows you to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Your assigned tasks should follow a logical order. Also, making a list and crossing things off that list is really satisfying. （把大的项目分解成更小的、更易于管理的任务可以让你达到最大的效率和效果。你分配的任务应该遵循一个逻辑顺序。此外，列一个清单，然后从清单上划掉一些东西，真的很令人满足）”，由此可知，根据文章，当你面对一个大任务时，Tip 3可以帮助你最大。故选B。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Let's be honest: it can be hard to get motivated to do your schoolwork even in the best of times. So finding the motivation, while you’re learning from home, is extra challenging. Here are a few tips that could maximize your motivation. （说实话:即使在最好的时候，你也很难有动力去做功课。所以，当你在家里学习时，找到动力是额外的挑战。这里有一些建议，可以最大化你的动机）”，可知，这篇文章的主要目的是就如何提高工作效率向学生提供建议。故选C。 B Surviving Hurricane Sandy (飓风桑迪) Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says. On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed. When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings. “My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie’s choice was to help. She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. Today, the scars (创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.” 24. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ______. A. some friends had lost their lives. B. her neighborhood was destroyed. C. her school had moved to Brooklyn. D. the elderly were free from suffering. 25. According to paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most? A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B. The people trapped in high-rise building. C. The volunteers donating money to survivors. D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people. 26. How did Natalie help the survivors? A. She gave her toys to the kids. B. She took care of younger children. C. She called on the White House to help. D. She built an information sharing platform. 27. What does the story intend to tell us? A. Little people can make a big difference. B. A friend in need is a friend indeed. C. East or West, home is best. D. Technology is power. 【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【分析】Natalie是一个14岁的孩子，她生活的地方Brooklyn遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。看到人们在帮助家乡重建，Natalie也加入进去，Natalie创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。Natalie的行为得到了社会的认可和表扬。 【24题详解】 段落大意题。A项文章未提及；根据第三段“Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn”可知学校没有搬走，而是暂时去Brooklyn上学，排除C；根据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”排除D；根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知他们的街区被飓风毁了，故选B。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.”可知，那些帮助Rockaway恢复重建的人给了Natalie鼓舞，故选A。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.”可知，Natalie创建了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠信息，故选D。 【27题详解】 写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.”可知，Natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为，故选A。 考点：人物故事类短文阅读。 【名师点睛】故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。 解题技巧： 1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。如本题中的第62题：通过Natalie帮助他人的行为告诉读者小人物也可以有大作为这一道理。 2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。 3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。 C Whether hunting or competing for limited space and resources, humans are the planet’s super predator (捕食者). As the human population expands, it’s getting harder for other creatures to find somewhere to hide during the day. Now new findings indicate animals around the world have come up with another strategy: They are becoming nocturnal. In a paper published in Science, researchers analyzed 76 previous scientific studies on the human impact on animal activity. They compared animals’ activity during the day and night in areas of high human disturbance (from hunting or farming to hiking and other outdoor recreations) and low human disturbance (relatively natural conditions). The analysis showed animals are becoming an average of 1.36 times more nocturnal due to high human disturbance. For example, in Poland wild boars go from 48% nocturnal in natural forests to 90% nocturnal in urban areas. Even activities people consider relatively innocuous, such as hiking and wildlife viewing, strongly affected animals’ daily rhythms. “We think that we’re leaving no trace often when we’re outdoors, but we can be having lasting consequences on animal behavior,” says Kaitlyn Gaynor, lead researcher for the study. This is not the first time animals have had to live at night; during the time of dinosaurs, they were also nocturnal. “Dinosaurs were this ubiquitous (似乎无所不在的), scary force, and only after their extinction did mammals (哺乳动物) emerge into the daylight,” Gaynor says. “And now humans have taken over and are pushing other animals back into the night.” Scientists suspect becoming nocturnal may hurt those species highly adapted to the sun. They might not be able to live well at night, which would ultimately hurt their chances of survival and reproduction. Perhaps even more alarming effects could be in the wider ecosystem. In California’s Santa Cruz Mountains, coyotes have been more nocturnal in response to hikers and have started to alter their diets from daytime prey, such as squirrels and birds, to nocturnal prey, such as rats and rabbits. Exactly how ecological communities will change, whether it will be for better or worse, requires further study. Some nighttime shifts may benefit both animals and humans, Gaynor notes. For instance, tigers in Nepal are avoiding potentially deadly conflicts with people as they become more nocturnal. Studies like this one will eventually help conservation managers make better decisions about how to protect ecosystems. “We’ll need to understand local dynamics to really understand how we should be changing management of wildlife populations or human activities,” Gaynor notes. “One potential approach might be to manage the timing of human activities so that we leave some of the daylight for other animals.” 28. How do animals respond to increasing human disturbance? A. By limiting food intake. B. By leaving their habitat. C. By controlling population. D. By adjusting daily routine. 29. Why does the author mention dinosaurs? A. To highlight the importance of daylight. B. To indicate the domination of humans. C. To illustrate mammals’ adaptability. D. To demonstrate dinosaurs’ power. 30. What can we learn about animals’ becoming nocturnal? A. It has led to a new ecological balance. B. It demands more conservation areas. C. It may encourage biodiversity. D. It might be double-edged. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述人类活动干扰加剧，全球动物纷纷转为夜行，这一转变对物种生存、生态系统利弊兼具，为生态保护提供了重要参考。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Now new findings indicate animals around the world have come up with another strategy: They are becoming nocturnal.(现在新的研究发现表明，世界各地的动物想出了另一种策略：它们开始变成夜行性。)”可知，动物通过调整日常作息来应对日益增加的人类干扰。故选D项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段““Dinosaurs were this ubiquitous (似乎无所不在的), scary force, and only after their extinction did mammals (哺乳动物) emerge into the daylight,” Gaynor says. “And now humans have taken over and are pushing other animals back into the night.”(盖诺说：“恐龙曾是一种无处不在、令人畏惧的力量，只有在它们灭绝之后，哺乳动物才走到白天活动。而如今人类接管了世界，正把其他动物重新赶回夜晚。”)”可知，作者提到恐龙是为了表明人类如今占据了主导地位。故选B项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Scientists suspect becoming nocturnal may hurt those species highly adapted to the sun. They might not be able to live well at night, which would ultimately hurt their chances of survival and reproduction.(科学家们推测，变成夜行性可能会对那些高度适应白天活动的物种造成伤害。它们可能无法在夜间很好地生存，这最终会影响它们的生存和繁殖几率。哪些动物可能会受到变成夜行性的影响？人类活动如何影响动物的昼夜节律？动物适应新环境的能力有多强？)”以及第六段“Some nighttime shifts may benefit both animals and humans, Gaynor notes. For instance, tigers in Nepal are avoiding potentially deadly conflicts with people as they become more nocturnal.(盖诺指出，有些夜间转变可能对动物和人类都有好处。例如，尼泊尔的老虎在变得更倾向于夜间活动后，避免了与人类之间可能致命的冲突。老虎为什么会选择夜间活动？还有哪些动物因为环境变化而改变了活动时间？人类活动对动物的活动时间有哪些影响？)”可知，动物变为夜行性既有不利影响，也有有利之处，可能是一把双刃剑。故选D项。 D The philosopher, Martin Buber, is most known for his work on “I-Thou/You” relationships in which people are open, direct, mutually interested in each other. In contrast, “I-It” relationships are those in which we use the other, like an object, to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes. It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become “It” relationships because most of what we feel, think and do is motivated by unconscious memories of how to survive the environment into which we were born. Thus, one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once necessary and it worked. When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us on our way. We didn’t have to reciprocate and care for “It”. Even when the care and attention of “It” was minimal or unpredictable, if we got out of childhood alive, somewhere along the way “It” was involved. Freud called this stage of early life “primary narcissism”, which is our instinct (本能) for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development. While most of us grow out of it，we still hold a survival fear, which motivates us to escape danger and to stay alive, and we all need this fear in healthy measure. The problem is that too many of us, too much of the time, are in a constant state of threat—and we often don’t know it. We imagine people are talking about us behind our backs, that we have cancer, that we are inadequate, and vulnerable to more than our share of bad luck. As our brains have grown in size and complexity, so has our ability to scare ourselves. This causes many problems. For example, our stress levels increase, our digestion is impaired and our thinking becomes restricted. Our threat response stops any bodily function, feeling, thought and behavior that might “waste” energy and detract from fighting or escaping danger. Thus, when in threat, our emotional, cognitive and behavioral range is significantly reduced. And in this reduced state, one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us. Instead of enabling us to be open, direct and mutual, fear and anxiety lead us towards conversations and choices in our relations with others that are orientated towards surviving—not thriving (茁壮成长). Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by need, dependency, control, demand, dishonesty, and self-interest. We cannot form the “I-Thou” relationships that Buber speaks of until we have learned to notice, comfort, and understand the emotions and patterns of our threat brain. When in threat, we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us, or who we can blame for our problems. 31. What does the underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Return the favour. B. Ask for some advice. C. Convey an apology. D. Make some comments. 32. What can we learn about “primary narcissism”? A. It leads to our survival fear. B. It is normal and usually temporary. C. It impacts our growth negatively. D. It lays the foundation for Freud’s theory. 33. Which of the following could be an example of “I-It” relationships? A. Comforting an upset friend. B. Feeling sorry for your mistakes. C. Trying hard to be independent. D. Asking others to take on your task. 34. What would be the best title for this passage? A. How We Can Form the “I-Thou” Relationships B. How We Can Get Out of the “I-It” Relationships C. Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals D. What Helps Us Survive and Thrive in Early Stages of Life 【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。 文章说明 了“I-It”关系，即我们利用对方来帮助解决我们的问题，并分析其形成的原因。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。划线词前一句提到“When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us on our way.” 作者认为在我们的童年成长过程中，“it”会来帮助我们，带我们走上正轨；划线词后提到“care for(关心，照顾)”；and是并列连词，“reciprocate ”应该和“care for”语义并列。由此可以猜测，“reciprocate”意思为“Return the favour（回报这份帮助，报答这份恩情。）”故选A。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。文章第三段中提到“Freud called this stage of early life “primary narcissism”, which is our instinct (本能) for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development.（弗洛伊德称之为生命早期阶段的“原始自恋”，这是我们的本能自我保护，是我们发展的正常的一部分。）”。根据“this stage of early life”可知， primary narcissism是指生命早期阶段存在的，是暂时性的；根据“a normal part of our development”可知，primary narcissism是正常的。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once necessary and it worked. When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us on our way.”说明“I-It”关系是指我们利用他人来帮助我们。当我们弱小无助的时候，“它”会帮助我们，带我们走上正确的道路；文章第六段中提到“in this reduced state, one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us.（在这种状态下，我们的解决办法之一就是找一个能拯救和安慰我们的人。）”。由此可知，“I-It”关系是指利用他人来帮助我们。由此可以推断，“Asking others to take on your task.（要求别人承担你的任务）”是“I-It”关系的例子。故选D。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段提到““I-It” relationships are those in which we use the other, like an object, to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes. ”说明“I-It”关系是指我们利用对方，（把对方）就像当作是一个物体，来解决我们的问题，满足我们的需求和目的；文章第二段提到“It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become “It” relationships”，说明成为“It”关系并不是我们的错；第四段提到“The problem is that too many of us, too much of the time, are in a constant state of threat（问题是，我们中的太多人，在太多的时间里，处于一种持续的威胁之中）”是分析“It”关系形成的原因；文章最后一段提到“When in threat, we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us, or who we can blame for our problems.（当我们受到威胁时，我们倾向于把别人当作可以拯救和保护我们的东西，或者把我们的问题归咎于他们。）”由此可知，文章是说明什么是“I-It关系”，并分析其形成的原因。文章的标题应该是“Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals（为什么我们把别人当作物体而不是个人）。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you had to save the life of a person or an animal, which would you choose? Most adults say they would pick the person, but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal, according to a study in Poland. “The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. ___35___ For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. ___36___ Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem. The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. ___37___ About 42 per cent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults. About 28 per cent of children also prioritised the chimpanzee over the person, compared with 11 per cent of adults. “Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. ___38___ “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner. ___39___ When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds. The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person. A. Most adults view human life as especially precious. B. Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. C. Surprisingly, children were more likely to save a dog over a person. D. For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50. E. As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. F. About 28 per cent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person, compared with 8 per cent of adults. G. However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. 【答案】35. A 36. G 37. D 38. E 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了在面临“救人还是救动物”的选择时，儿童与成人的不同倾向及其背后的原因。 【35题详解】 由上文“‘The finding really surprised us,’ says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. (英国爱丁堡大学的马蒂·威尔克斯说：‘这一发现真的让我们很惊讶。’)”以及下文“For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. (例如，一项对233个国家数百万人（其中大多数是20多岁和30多岁的人）的调查发现，他们大多认为，如果自动驾驶汽车必须做出选择，就应该撞向狗或猫而不是人。)”可知，本空要说明成人普遍认为人的生命更宝贵，A选项“Most adults view human life as especially precious. (大多数成年人认为人的生命特别宝贵。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“Most adults”与下文的调查对象“millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s”相呼应。故选A。 【36题详解】 由下文“Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem. (威尔克斯和她的同事们用玩具铁路和乐高积木，向波兰城市地区的170名6至9岁儿童展示了基于‘电车难题’这一思想实验的场景。)”可知，本空需要一个转折，引出儿童与成人不同的态度，G选项“However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. (然而，越来越多的证据表明，许多年幼的孩子的感受不同。)”能引起下文，符合题意，该选项中的“young children”与下文“170 children aged 6 to 9”相呼应。故选G。 【37题详解】 由上文“The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. (孩子们必须决定是否将失控的轨道车引向两条轨道中的一条，让它撞向乐高小人或乐高动物——狗或黑猩猩。)”以及下文“About 42 per cent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults. (约42%的孩子想要救狗，让轨道车撞向人，而成年人中这一比例仅为17%。)”可知，本空需要介绍针对成人的对比实验，D选项“For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50. (为了对比，研究人员对178名18至50岁的波兰成年人重复了这一实验。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“repeated this”指代上文的实验“direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks”，“adults”与下文“17 per cent of adults”对应。故选D。 【38题详解】 由上文“‘Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,’ says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. (德国马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所的卡里·内尔德纳说：‘孩子们从父母、老师和其他人那里学到，关心他人非常重要，但他们可能更容易将其作为一条适用于人类和动物的普遍规则来学习。’)”以及下文“‘However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,’ says Neldner. (内尔德纳说：‘然而，随着年龄的增长，他们可能会接受那些告诉我们关心他人非常重要的文化叙事。’)”可知，本空要说明儿童初期对人和动物的态度没有明显偏好，E选项“As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. (因此，他们并没有表现出强烈的偏好，要救其中一个而不是另一个。)”能承接上文，符合题意，该选项中的“don’t show a strong preference”与上文“blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals”相呼应。故选E。 【39题详解】 由下文“When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds. (当她让4至10岁的澳大利亚儿童根据他们对人、动物、植物和物体的关心程度来排序图片时，4岁的孩子往往更关心狗、猫和海豚，而不是同学、警察和病人，但10岁的孩子则相反。)”可知，本空要说明这种态度转变的时间节点，B选项“Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. (她的研究表明，这种转变在10岁时就已开始。)”能概括下文内容，符合题意，该选项中的“shift starts by the age of 10”与下文“4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins”以及“but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds”相呼应。故选B。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。 Liberal Arts’ Hidden Value If you have to pick one, who do you think made greater contributions to the world: physicist Isaac Newton or philosopher Aristotle? Chances are that you’d find it hard to make a decision. But when choosing a major in college, the line between the two areas couldn’t be clearer. Science majors, such as technology, engineering, math, are considered to be more practical choices because of the wealth of opportunities, while those who choose a liberal arts (文科) major—language, music, philosophy—may have more difficulty finding a job. But perhaps we should look at liberal arts studies in another way to understand its value. In the documentary Civilizations, for example, presenters (主持人) take us to 31 countries to appreciate human creativity, such as the Great Wall and the Pyramids. To Simon Schama, one of the presenters, human civilization isn’t just about technology, but about liberal arts or creating things to leave a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire. By comparing science and liberal arts, we’re drawing “an artificial line” between the two, said Loretta Jackson, an associate professor at Rhodes College in Memphis, US. And to some of the greatest innovators (革新者) in history, this line never existed. Leonardo da Vinci, for example, was an outstanding scientist and painter. He was so interested in biology and anatomy (解剖学) that he drew the famous Vitruvian Man, which perfectly shows proportions (比例) of the human body. Then there’s Steve Jobs, who is an engineer and also an artist. He summarized the relationship between science and arts: “It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology alone is not enough—it’s technology married with liberal arts that brings us what makes our heart sing.” 40. Why is science more attractive when students choose a major in college? 41. According to Simon Schama, what is the value of liberal arts in human civilization? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►Steve Jobs concluded that technology contributed to Apple’s success, but liberal arts played a more important role. 43. What major will you choose in college? Explain your reasons. (In about 40 words) 【答案】40. Because it offers many opportunities. 41. The value of liberal arts in human civilization lies in the fact that it leaves a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire. 42. Steve Jobs concluded that technology contributed to Apple’s success, but liberal arts played a more important role. 43. I will choose science majors in college, because it offers many opportunities and enables me to find a good job after graduation. If I choose liberal arts majors, it is possible that I won’t find jobs. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是人文学科的潜在价值。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Science majors, such as technology, engineering, math, are considered to be more practical choices because of the wealth of opportunities(科学专业，如技术、工程、数学，被认为是更实际的选择，因为机会丰富)”可知，学生在大学选择专业时，科学更有吸引力是因为它提供了很多机会，即Because it offers many opportunities。故答案为Because it offers many opportunities。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“To Simon Schama, one of the presenters, human civilization isn’t just about technology, but about liberal arts or creating things to leave a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire.(对主持人之一Simon Schama来说，人类文明不仅与技术有关，还与人文艺术或创造东西有关，这些东西能留下一个人的存在印记，供未来的人类见证和欣赏)”可知，西蒙·沙玛认为，人文学科在人类文明中的价值是这些东西能留下一个人的存在印记，供未来的人类见证和欣赏，答案为“The value of liberal arts in human civilization lies in the fact that it leaves a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire”，故答案为The value of liberal arts in human civilization lies in the fact that it leaves a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology alone is not enough—it’s technology married with liberal arts that brings us what makes our heart sing.(在苹果的DNA中，只有技术是不够的，只有技术与人文艺术结合，才能让我们的心歌唱)”可知，Steve Jobs的意思是技术和人文艺术要结合，而没有说谁比谁更重要，因此错误的部分是“played a more important role”。故答案为Steve Jobs concluded that technology contributed to Apple’s success, but liberal arts played a more important role。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Science majors, such as technology, engineering, math, are considered to be more practical choices because of the wealth of opportunities, while those who choose a liberal arts (文科) major—language, music, philosophy—may have more difficulty finding a job.(科学专业，如技术、工程、数学，被认为是更实际的选择，因为机会丰富，而那些选择文科专业(语言、音乐、哲学)的人可能更难找到工作)”及个人想法可知，在大学我会选择科学专业，因为它提供了很多机会，能让我在毕业后找到一份好工作。如果我选择文科专业，有可能找不到工作，故答案为I will choose science majors in college, because it offers many opportunities and enables me to find a good job after graduation. If I choose liberal arts majors, it is possible that I won’t find jobs。 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你最近读完了外教Jim推荐的一本英文书、请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.表达感谢并分享读书收获； 2.交流后续英文书阅读计划。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude for recommending that English book to me. After finishing it, I’ve gained a lot — not only have my reading speed and vocabulary improved greatly, but I also got a deeper understanding of Western culture and daily life, which helps me better communicate in English. As for my future reading plan, I plan to read one English book every month. I prefer books about teenage growth and short stories, which are easy to follow and full of inspiration. I also hope you can give me more recommendations if you have time. Thank you again for your help. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英文给Jim写一封邮件，表达感谢并分享读书收获以及交流后续英文书阅读计划。 【详解】1.词汇积累 表达：express → convey 显著地：greatly → significantly 打算：plan to → intend to 至于：as for → as regards 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As for my future reading plan, I plan to read one English book every month. 拓展句：As for my future reading plan, I have decided that I will read one English book every month. 【点睛】【高分句型1】After finishing it, I’ve gained a lot — not only have my reading speed and vocabulary improved greatly, but I also got a deeper understanding of Western culture and daily life, which helps me better communicate in English.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I also hope you can give me more recommendations if you have time.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年度第二学期开学测试 年级：高三 科目：英语 （本卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟） 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Sweat began to form on my forehead. I opened my mouth but couldn’t manage a sentence. My heart sank. As I ____1____ through my presentation, I could feel the ____2____ of my confidence destroyed. It was a new low. A few days later, I heard the school was to bring back the Poinsettia (一品红) Campaign during Christmas. The gift-shopping and poinsettia selling during the festival had always been my favorite. Moreover, the campaign was a tradition that had ____3____ a few years earlier. Yet it involved public speeches at the school conference. I was caught in a mental struggle for days before my brother____4____ me to have a try. The night before the conference, I spent hours practicing. By the time I had finished, my throat ached. But I made a stutter (结巴)-friendly speech that would last long enough. The whole conference has faded in my memory. All I remember is walking to the stage on ____5____ legs, ready to embarrass myself. But the strangest thing happened. I spoke ____6____. When I finished my speech, the audience’s applause rang in the air. After this experience, life continued as normal, but the ____7____ I had undergone was apparent. I started to live more ____8____ and even take leadership roles, which increased my confidence. Looking back, I am amazed at the huge change that can happen in a year. Having been caught up in a vicious ____9____ where my stutter ate away my confidence, I found a chance to break out of it. While I still stutter now and then, I no longer allow it to affect me. What happens if I stutter? A moment of ____10____ but that’s it. 1. A. saw B. pulled C. struggled D. walked 2. A. signs B. remains C. parts D. tracks 3. A. broken out B. run out C. died out D. turned out 4. A. convinced B. contacted C. invited D. reminded 5. A. strong B. shaky C. steady D. still 6. A. fluently B. awkwardly C. repeatedly D. loudly 7. A. change B. difficulty C. horror D. test 8. A. carefully B. secretly C. freely D. actively 9. A. mistake B. rush C. conflict D. cycle 10. A. regret B. anger C. sorrow D. embarrassment 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The 42nd Golden Joystick Awards has crowned Black Myth: Wukong the Ultimate Game of the Year for 2024, following a supercharged public vote that drew over 12 million ballots (选票) across the event’s 21 ____11____ (category). Black Myth: Wukong, which was among several 2024 GOTY nominees (被提名者) who could count on a strong showing from hugely loyal fan bases, ____12____ (stop) a dominant Final Fantasy Ⅶ Rebirth from taking the most awards of the night, while also successfully ____13____ (hold) off Astro Bot, Silent Hill 2, and indie darlings Balatro and Animal Well for the ____14____ (big) award of the night. It also, unsurprisingly, won best visual design. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Straw weight (草量级) Shi Ming knocked out Feng Xiaocan via head kick to win the road to UFC Season 3 Straw weight Final at UFC fight night on Saturday. Following two rounds in ___15___ she struggled to out-strike the taller Feng Xiaocan, Shi landed an unbelievable knockout in the third round to become the latest Chinese fighter ___16___ (compete) in the world’s top mixed martial arts tournament. To the surprise of many, Shi is also an acupuncturist ___17___ Traditional Chinese Medicine. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It is an everyday breakfast for people in Juungar Banner. Millet (小米) soaked overnight in tangy, fermented (发酵的) water ___18___(cook) with potatoes into a thick, golden mixture with a distinct smell. The first bite delivers a sharp sourness, ___19___(follow) by a subtle sweetness from the carbohydrates as you chew. It’s quite different from the typical Inner Mongolian breakfast one ___20___(imagine) — usually featuring milk tea, dairy products, and lamb or beef. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Let's be honest: it can be hard to get motivated to do your schoolwork even in the best of times. So finding the motivation, while you’re learning from home, is extra challenging. Here are a few tips that could maximize your motivation. 1. Guard Your Time You do not need large amounts of time to be productive. Instead, be focused in short blocks when you can work without interruption. Protect these open times by setting up your workspace to minimize distractions—including silencing notifications (通知) on your cellphone or laptop. 2. Determine How Much Work Is Needed Write down the work you need to achieve, because there is a limit to how much information you can recall and process at one time. Examine the remaining projects, and estimate the amount and type of effort each requires. 3. Break Large Projects into Smaller Ones Breaking big projects into smaller and more manageable tasks allows you to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Your assigned tasks should follow a logical order. Also, making a list and crossing things off that list is really satisfying. 4. Set Goals Set goals related to effort. For example, plan to spend 60 minutes at a specific time of the day studying a pre-determined concept. Also, set goals related to the completion of specific tasks or projects. For instance, give yourself a deadline to read and take notes on a specific article for a certain paper you must write. 5. Identify the Rewards It pays to clarify the rewards this term—whether those rewards are internal, such as the feeling of accomplishment that comes from understanding a difficult concept well, or external, such as getting a good grade. Work to build good habits and strategies now. It will pay off in the future. 21. What skills do the first two tips relate to? A. Writing skills. B. Social skills. C. Teamwork skills. D. Time management skills. 22. According to the passage, which can help you most when you are faced with a big task? A. Tip 2. B. Tip 3. C. Tip 4. D. Tip 5. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show students how to stay focused on schoolwork. B. To analyze students' difficulties of learning from home. C. To offer students advice on how to improve productivity. D. To summarize some tips for parents to share with their children. B Surviving Hurricane Sandy (飓风桑迪) Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says. On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed. When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings. “My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie’s choice was to help. She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. Today, the scars (创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.” 24. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found ______. A. some friends had lost their lives. B. her neighborhood was destroyed. C. her school had moved to Brooklyn. D. the elderly were free from suffering. 25. According to paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most? A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B. The people trapped in high-rise building. C. The volunteers donating money to survivors. D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people. 26. How did Natalie help the survivors? A. She gave her toys to the kids. B. She took care of younger children. C. She called on the White House to help. D. She built an information sharing platform. 27. What does the story intend to tell us? A. Little people can make a big difference. B. A friend in need is a friend indeed. C. East or West, home is best. D. Technology is power. C Whether hunting or competing for limited space and resources, humans are the planet’s super predator (捕食者). As the human population expands, it’s getting harder for other creatures to find somewhere to hide during the day. Now new findings indicate animals around the world have come up with another strategy: They are becoming nocturnal. In a paper published in Science, researchers analyzed 76 previous scientific studies on the human impact on animal activity. They compared animals’ activity during the day and night in areas of high human disturbance (from hunting or farming to hiking and other outdoor recreations) and low human disturbance (relatively natural conditions). The analysis showed animals are becoming an average of 1.36 times more nocturnal due to high human disturbance. For example, in Poland wild boars go from 48% nocturnal in natural forests to 90% nocturnal in urban areas. Even activities people consider relatively innocuous, such as hiking and wildlife viewing, strongly affected animals’ daily rhythms. “We think that we’re leaving no trace often when we’re outdoors, but we can be having lasting consequences on animal behavior,” says Kaitlyn Gaynor, lead researcher for the study. This is not the first time animals have had to live at night; during the time of dinosaurs, they were also nocturnal. “Dinosaurs were this ubiquitous (似乎无所不在的), scary force, and only after their extinction did mammals (哺乳动物) emerge into the daylight,” Gaynor says. “And now humans have taken over and are pushing other animals back into the night.” Scientists suspect becoming nocturnal may hurt those species highly adapted to the sun. They might not be able to live well at night, which would ultimately hurt their chances of survival and reproduction. Perhaps even more alarming effects could be in the wider ecosystem. In California’s Santa Cruz Mountains, coyotes have been more nocturnal in response to hikers and have started to alter their diets from daytime prey, such as squirrels and birds, to nocturnal prey, such as rats and rabbits. Exactly how ecological communities will change, whether it will be for better or worse, requires further study. Some nighttime shifts may benefit both animals and humans, Gaynor notes. For instance, tigers in Nepal are avoiding potentially deadly conflicts with people as they become more nocturnal. Studies like this one will eventually help conservation managers make better decisions about how to protect ecosystems. “We’ll need to understand local dynamics to really understand how we should be changing management of wildlife populations or human activities,” Gaynor notes. “One potential approach might be to manage the timing of human activities so that we leave some of the daylight for other animals.” 28. How do animals respond to increasing human disturbance? A. By limiting food intake. B. By leaving their habitat. C. By controlling population. D. By adjusting daily routine. 29. Why does the author mention dinosaurs? A. To highlight the importance of daylight. B. To indicate the domination of humans. C. To illustrate mammals’ adaptability. D. To demonstrate dinosaurs’ power. 30. What can we learn about animals’ becoming nocturnal? A. It has led to a new ecological balance. B. It demands more conservation areas. C. It may encourage biodiversity. D. It might be double-edged. D The philosopher, Martin Buber, is most known for his work on “I-Thou/You” relationships in which people are open, direct, mutually interested in each other. In contrast, “I-It” relationships are those in which we use the other, like an object, to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes. It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become “It” relationships because most of what we feel, think and do is motivated by unconscious memories of how to survive the environment into which we were born. Thus, one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once necessary and it worked. When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us on our way. We didn’t have to reciprocate and care for “It”. Even when the care and attention of “It” was minimal or unpredictable, if we got out of childhood alive, somewhere along the way “It” was involved. Freud called this stage of early life “primary narcissism”, which is our instinct (本能) for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development. While most of us grow out of it，we still hold a survival fear, which motivates us to escape danger and to stay alive, and we all need this fear in healthy measure. The problem is that too many of us, too much of the time, are in a constant state of threat—and we often don’t know it. We imagine people are talking about us behind our backs, that we have cancer, that we are inadequate, and vulnerable to more than our share of bad luck. As our brains have grown in size and complexity, so has our ability to scare ourselves. This causes many problems. For example, our stress levels increase, our digestion is impaired and our thinking becomes restricted. Our threat response stops any bodily function, feeling, thought and behavior that might “waste” energy and detract from fighting or escaping danger. Thus, when in threat, our emotional, cognitive and behavioral range is significantly reduced. And in this reduced state, one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us. Instead of enabling us to be open, direct and mutual, fear and anxiety lead us towards conversations and choices in our relations with others that are orientated towards surviving—not thriving (茁壮成长). Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by need, dependency, control, demand, dishonesty, and self-interest. We cannot form the “I-Thou” relationships that Buber speaks of until we have learned to notice, comfort, and understand the emotions and patterns of our threat brain. When in threat, we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us, or who we can blame for our problems. 31. What does the underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Return the favour. B. Ask for some advice. C. Convey an apology. D. Make some comments. 32. What can we learn about “primary narcissism”? A. It leads to our survival fear. B. It is normal and usually temporary. C. It impacts our growth negatively. D. It lays the foundation for Freud’s theory. 33. Which of the following could be an example of “I-It” relationships? A. Comforting an upset friend. B. Feeling sorry for your mistakes. C. Trying hard to be independent. D. Asking others to take on your task. 34. What would be the best title for this passage? A. How We Can Form the “I-Thou” Relationships B. How We Can Get Out of the “I-It” Relationships C. Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals D. What Helps Us Survive and Thrive in Early Stages of Life 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you had to save the life of a person or an animal, which would you choose? Most adults say they would pick the person, but almost half of young children would prefer to save the animal, according to a study in Poland. “The finding really surprised us,” says Matti Wilks at the University of Edinburgh, UK. ___35___ For example, a survey of millions of people in 233 countries, most of them in their 20s and 30s, found they largely agreed that self-driving cars should crash into dogs or cats instead of people if they had to choose. ___36___ Using a toy railway and Lego figures, Wilks and her colleagues presented 170 children aged 6 to 9 in an urban part of Poland with scenarios based on a thought experiment called the trolley problem. The children had to decide whether to direct a runaway rail car down one of two tracks so that it crashed into a Lego person or a Lego animal — either a dog or chimpanzee. ___37___ About 42 per cent of the children wanted to save the dog and make the rail car collide with the person, compared with just 17 per cent of adults. About 28 per cent of children also prioritised the chimpanzee over the person, compared with 11 per cent of adults. “Children learn from their parents, teachers and others that it’s really important to care for others, but it may be easier for them to learn this as a blanket rule that applies to both humans and animals,” says Karri Neldner at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. ___38___ “However, as they get older, they might pick up on cultural narratives that tell us it’s really important to care for other people,” says Neldner. ___39___ When she asked Australian children aged 4 to 10 to order pictures of people, animals, plants and objects according to how much they cared about them, the 4-year-olds tended to care more about dogs, cats and dolphins than about classmates, police officers and sick people, but this was reversed in the 10-year-olds. The reason children value dogs so highly is probably due to familiarity, says Wilks. Her studies have found that children who spent more time with dogs were more likely to say they would save a dog over a person. A. Most adults view human life as especially precious. B. Her research suggests this shift starts by the age of 10. C. Surprisingly, children were more likely to save a dog over a person. D. For comparison, the researchers repeated this with 178 Polish adults aged 18 to 50. E. As a result, they don’t show a strong preference for saving one over the other, she says. F. About 28 per cent of children aged 5 to 9 said they would save a dog over a person, compared with 8 per cent of adults. G. However, growing evidence suggests many young children feel differently. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。 Liberal Arts’ Hidden Value If you have to pick one, who do you think made greater contributions to the world: physicist Isaac Newton or philosopher Aristotle? Chances are that you’d find it hard to make a decision. But when choosing a major in college, the line between the two areas couldn’t be clearer. Science majors, such as technology, engineering, math, are considered to be more practical choices because of the wealth of opportunities, while those who choose a liberal arts (文科) major—language, music, philosophy—may have more difficulty finding a job. But perhaps we should look at liberal arts studies in another way to understand its value. In the documentary Civilizations, for example, presenters (主持人) take us to 31 countries to appreciate human creativity, such as the Great Wall and the Pyramids. To Simon Schama, one of the presenters, human civilization isn’t just about technology, but about liberal arts or creating things to leave a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire. By comparing science and liberal arts, we’re drawing “an artificial line” between the two, said Loretta Jackson, an associate professor at Rhodes College in Memphis, US. And to some of the greatest innovators (革新者) in history, this line never existed. Leonardo da Vinci, for example, was an outstanding scientist and painter. He was so interested in biology and anatomy (解剖学) that he drew the famous Vitruvian Man, which perfectly shows proportions (比例) of the human body. Then there’s Steve Jobs, who is an engineer and also an artist. He summarized the relationship between science and arts: “It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology alone is not enough—it’s technology married with liberal arts that brings us what makes our heart sing.” 40. Why is science more attractive when students choose a major in college? 41. According to Simon Schama, what is the value of liberal arts in human civilization? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►Steve Jobs concluded that technology contributed to Apple’s success, but liberal arts played a more important role. 43. What major will you choose in college? Explain your reasons. (In about 40 words) 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你最近读完了外教Jim推荐的一本英文书、请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.表达感谢并分享读书收获； 2.交流后续英文书阅读计划。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $