内容正文:
教学课件
仁爱英语八年级上册
Unit 3语法专项——否定前缀+need用法
全解精讲+分层练习
1
学习目标
1. 掌握六类否定前缀的用法、例词及核心规则
2. 区分need作实义动词与情态动词的不同用法
3. 能正确运用否定前缀构成新词,规范使用need
4. 规避两类语法的高频易错点,规范句式表达
第一部分 否定前缀 - 概念与作用
否定前缀是加在词前的词缀,核心作用是改变原词语义
表达“否定、相反、错误、非”等含义,不改变原词词性
本次重点学习六类否定前缀:non-、dis-、un-、mis-、in-、im-
其中im-是in-的变体,用法有特殊规律,需重点记忆
例:healthy(形容词)→unhealthy(形容词,不健康的)
agree(动词)→disagree(动词,不同意)
否定前缀 - 分类用法表(一)
前缀 适用词类 核心含义 例词 关键规则
non- 名词/形容词 非、不、无 non-smoker、non-stop、non-fiction 多与名词结合,构成新名词/形容词
dis- 动词/名词 不、相反、否定 disagree、dislike、disappear 接动词表动作反向,接名词表负面属性
un- 形容词/副词/动词 不、未、相反 unhealthy、unhappy、unlock 最常用,适配多数形容词
否定前缀 - 分类用法表(二)
前缀 适用词类 核心含义 例词 关键规则
mis- 动词/名词 错误、不当 misplace、misunderstand、mistake 侧重动作执行错误
in- 形容词/名词 不、无、非 incorrect、inactive、incomplete 后接非p/b/m开头的词
im- 形容词/名词 不、无、非(in-变体) impossible、impatient、impolite 仅接p/b/m开头的词
否定前缀 - 核心规则1(词性与拼写)
核心规则1:词性不变
加否定前缀后,原词的词性不会发生任何变化
例:polite(形容词)→impolite(形容词)
mistake(名词)→misunderstand(动词,原词为understand)
核心规则2:拼写不变
直接在前缀后接原词,无需改动原词的任何字母
例:smoker→non-smoker;comfortable→uncomfortable
错误:comforable→uncomforable(原词拼写错误)
否定前缀 - 核心规则2(in-的变体)
in-有三种变体,根据后面单词的首字母变化
1. 后接p/b/m开头的词→变im-
例:possible→impossible、patient→impatient、polite→impolite
2. 后接l开头的词→变il-
例:legal→illegal(非法的)
3. 后接r开头的词→变ir-
例:regular→irregular(不规律的)
4. 其他情况→用in-(如correct→incorrect)
否定前缀 - 易错点1(前缀搭配)
易错点1:混淆前缀的适用词类
错误:mis-接形容词(如mishealthy,正确应为unhealthy)
错误:un-接名词表“非”(如un-smoker,正确应为non-smoker)
易错点2:in-与im-混用
错误:impossible写成inpossible,incorrect写成imcorrect
牢记:p/b/m开头用im-,其他用in-
判断技巧:看前缀后单词的首字母,快速匹配
否定前缀 - 易错点2(语义与拼写)
易错点3:否定前缀叠加,导致语义错误
错误:unimpossible(双重否定,语义混乱)
正确:impossible(仅用一个否定前缀)
易错点4:拼写遗漏连字符或字母
错误:nonsmoker(正确应为non-smoker)
错误:misunderstand写成misunderstood(混淆原形与过去式)
注意:否定前缀构成的新词,原形拼写要规范
否定前缀 - 基础小练(填空)
用non-/dis-/un-/mis-/in-/im-填空,完成句子
1. It’s ___________ (healthy) to eat too much junk food every day.
2. He ___________ (agree) with my opinion, so we had a discussion.
3. My mother is a ______________ (smoker) and never touches cigarettes.
4. I ________________ (understand) his meaning, so I asked for help.
5. It’s ______________ (possible) to fly without any tools.
6. She feels _______________ (comfortable) in the tight coat.
unhealthy
disagreed
non-smoker
misunderstood
impossible
uncomfortable
否定前缀 - 提升小练(填词)
根据句意,写出含否定前缀的单词
1. My little brother always _________ (放错) his schoolbag and looks for it.
2. It’s _______ (不礼貌的) to speak loudly in the library.
3. We took a _________ (不停的) bus to the airport to catch the plane.
4. She has a _____________ (不喜欢) of spicy food, so she never eats it.
5. The answer you wrote is ____________ (不正确的), please correct it.
6. It’s ____________ (不合适的) to wear casual clothes to a formal party.
impolite
misplaces
non-stop
dislike
incorrect
improper
第二部分 need的用法 - 总览
need是初中英语重点词汇,有两种核心用法
1. 实义动词:具备普通实义动词的所有特征,使用广泛
2. 情态动词:用法与can、may、must一致,使用场景有限
两种用法的否定、疑问形式差异较大,易混淆
核心区分:看形式变化、后接成分、否定/疑问结构
本节课重点掌握两种用法的辨析与正确运用
need作实义动词 - 用法1(形式与后接成分)
need作实义动词时,需遵循实义动词的基本规则
1. 形式变化:有人称、数和时态的变化
主语为三单时→needs;过去式→needed
2. 后接成分:主要接带to的不定式,即need to do sth.
意为“需要做某事”,主语是人或物均可
例句:I need to finish my homework.(我需要完成作业)
She needs to go to the supermarket.(她需要去超市)
need作实义动词 - 用法2(否定与疑问)
3. 否定形式:需借助助动词don’t/doesn’t/didn’t
结构:don’t/doesn’t/didn’t need to do sth.(不必做某事)
例句:We don’t need to go to school on Saturday.
He didn’t need to take an umbrella yesterday.
4. 疑问形式:借助助动词do/does/did,提至句首
结构:Do/Does/Did + 主语 + need to do sth.?
例句:Do you need to borrow my pen? / Does she need to leave early?
need作实义动词 - 拓展用法(被动)
实义动词need的特殊用法:后接doing形式
结构:need doing sth.,表示被动含义
等价于:need to be done(某物需要被……)
注意:此用法仅用于主语是“物”的情况
例句1:The door needs repairing.(门需要被修理)
同义句:The door needs to be repaired.
例句2:The clothes need washing. = The clothes need to be washed.
need作情态动词 - 用法1(形式与后接成分)
need作情态动词时,用法与can、must等情态动词一致
1. 形式变化:无任何形式变化
无论主语是第几人称、单数还是复数,均用need原形
无过去式,也没有三单形式
2. 后接成分:只能接动词原形,即need do sth.
注意:此用法极少用于肯定句,多用于否定和疑问
例句:You need finish your work first.(极少用,建议用must)
need作情态动词 - 用法2(否定与疑问)
3. 否定形式:直接在need后加n’t,构成needn’t do sth.
意为“不必做某事”,语气比don’t need to更委婉
例句:You needn’t worry. I will help you.(你不必担心)
He needn’t come here early tomorrow.(他明天不必早来)
4. 疑问形式:将need提至句首,构成Need + 主语 + do sth.?
例句:Need we hand in our homework today?(我们今天必须交作业吗?)
need作情态动词 - 答语规则
Need引导的一般疑问句,答语有固定规则
1. 肯定回答:不能用Yes, sb. need.,需用Yes, sb. must.
强调“必须做”,语气更肯定
例句:—Need I call him now? —Yes, you must.
2. 否定回答:用No, sb. needn’t.,表示“不必做”
不能用No, sb. mustn’t.(mustn’t表“禁止”)
例句:—Need she go with us? —No, she needn’t.
注意:区分“不必”与“禁止”的语义差异
need两种用法 - 核心区别表
对比维度 need作实义动词 need作情态动词
形式变化 有人称、数、时态变化(needs/needed) 无任何形式变化,均用原形
后接成分 接to do不定式(need to do) 接动词原形(need do)
否定形式 借助助动词(don’t/doesn’t need to do) 直接加n’t(needn’t do)
疑问形式 借助助动词(Do/Does sb. need to do?) 直接提need(Need sb. do?)
need用法 - 易错点1(形式与结构)
易错点1:混淆实义动词与情态动词的形式
错误:He need to go to school.(三单未变needs)
正确:He needs to go to school.(实义动词,三单变needs)
易错点2:情态动词后接to do
错误:You needn’t to worry.(情态动词后接原形,删to)
正确:You needn’t worry.
易错点3:实义动词否定遗漏助动词
错误:I needn’t to do it.(实义动词否定需用don’t need to)
need用法 - 易错点2(答语与被动)
易错点4:Need疑问句答语错误
错误:—Need I come? —Yes, I need. / No, I mustn’t.
正确:—Need I come? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
易错点5:被动用法错误
错误:The bike needs to repair.(需用to be repaired或repairing)
正确:The bike needs repairing. / The bike needs to be repaired.
注意:被动用法仅适用于实义动词need
need用法 - 基础小练(填空)
用need的适当形式填空,完成句子
1. They ____________ (need) to clean the classroom after school.
2. You __________________ (not need) to bring your notebook tomorrow.
3. _______ he _______ (need) to attend the meeting this afternoon?
4. The window is dirty, it _________ (need) cleaning.
5. She ____________ (needn’t) get up early, it’s Saturday today.
6. We _______________ (not need) to wait for him, he has left.
need
don’t need
Does need
needs
needn’t
don’t need
need用法 - 提升小练(选择)
1. We _______ buy any vegetables, there are many at home.
A. needn’t to B. don’t need to C. doesn’t need
2. —_______ I finish the work now? —No, you _______. You can do it tomorrow.
A. Need; needn’t B. Do; mustn’t C. Need; can’t
3. The flowers _______ watering, or they will die soon.
A. need B. need to C. needn’t
4. He _______ to go to the doctor, because he feels fine.
A. doesn’t need B. needn’t C. need
B
A
A
A
语法综合小练(一)
综合运用否定前缀和need用法,完成填空
1. It’s ___________ (polite) to interrupt others when they are talking.
2. We _______________ (not need) to hurry, we have enough time.
3. He _______________ (understand) the question, so he asked the teacher.
4. The old house _________ (need) repairing, it’s very old.
5. It’s _____________ (possible) to finish this work in one hour.
6. My sister is a _____________ (swimmer) because she is afraid of water.
impolite
don’t need
misunderstood
needs
impossible
non-swimmer
语法综合小练(二)
1. I need to wash my clothes.(改为否定句)
2. She needs to finish the work before 6 pm.(改为一般疑问句)
3. Need they go to the park this weekend?(作否定回答)
4. The room needs cleaning.(改为同义句)
5. It’s polite to say “thank you”.(改为否定句,用否定前缀)
6. He needs to go to school early.(改为情态动词否定形式)
I don’t need to wash my clothes.
Does she need to finish the work before 6 pm?
No, they needn’t.
The room needs to be cleaned.
It’s impolite to say “thank you”.
He needn’t go to school early.
语法综合小练(三)
阅读理解填词,用否定前缀单词和need完成短文
Keeping healthy is important. If you have __________ (proper) habits, you will get sick easily. Eating too much junk food makes you __________ (healthy) and __________ (comfortable). Some people are _______ (patient) when waiting, and they often ______________ (understand) others. We _________ (need) to keep good habits. It’s __________ (possible) to stay fit with bad habits. Also, it’s __________ (polite) to throw rubbish in public.
improper
unhealthy
uncomfortable
impatient
misunderstand
need
impossible
impolite
知识点总结 - 否定前缀
核心构成:六类否定前缀(non-/dis-/un-/mis-/in-/im-)
核心规则:不改变原词词性、不改变原词拼写
in-变体:p/b/m开头用im-,其他用in-,il-/ir-暂不重点考
前缀搭配:记准每类前缀的适用词类,避免混淆
易错点:不叠加否定前缀、不混用in-与im-、拼写规范
关键:结合例词记忆,多积累,多运用
知识点总结 - need的用法
两大用法:实义动词(常用)和情态动词(少用)
实义动词:有人称数变化,接to do,否定/疑问需借助动词
情态动词:无形式变化,接动词原形,否定needn’t,疑问提need
被动用法:实义动词need doing = need to be done(主语为物)
答语规则:Need问句,肯定用must,否定用needn’t
易错点:区分两种用法的形式和结构,避免语法错误
整体语法易错点汇总
1. 否定前缀:混用适用词类、in-与im-混淆、拼写错误
2. need用法:实义动词三单变化遗漏、情态动词后接to do
3. need答语:Yes用must,No用needn’t,不混淆mustn’t
4. 被动用法:need doing与need to be done的转换错误
5. 否定叠加:否定前缀与not连用,导致语义错误
6. 句式规范:改写句子时,保持原句语义不变,语法正确
课堂小结
本次学习了U3两大核心语法点:否定前缀和need的用法
掌握了否定前缀的分类、用法、核心规则及易错点
区分了need作实义动词与情态动词的不同用法,能规范运用
完成了基础、提升、综合多种题型,巩固了所学知识
能在简单语境中灵活运用两类语法,规范句式表达
后续需通过多练习,强化记忆,规避易错点,提升运用能力
教学课件
Unit 3语法专项——否定前缀+need用法
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