2026届高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷6 虚拟语气 导学案

2026高考英语·重难点专项突破练习卷6

虚拟语气

核心知识·深度解读

虚拟语气是英语语法中较为复杂的部分，但高考中常以“残留”形式出现，即在特定句型中必须使用虚拟形式。近三年真题显示，虚拟语气不再单纯考查if条件句的基本时态，而是融入倒装、名词性从句及固定句型中，考查学生的识别和运用能力。

1. 虚拟语气在条件句中的基本用法：
与现在事实相反：if + 过去式 (be用were)，主句 would/could/might + do
与过去事实相反：if + had done，主句 would/could/might + have done
与将来事实相反：if + should do/were to do，主句 would/could/might + do

2. 省略if的倒装虚拟条件句： 当虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时，可省略if，将这些词提到主语前，构成倒装。例如：Were I you (=If I were you), I would accept the offer. / Had he known (=If he had known), he would have come. / Should it rain (=If it should rain), the match would be cancelled.

3. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气：
宾语从句：在表示建议、命令、要求、愿望等动词后的宾语从句用(should) + do。常见动词：suggest, advise, recommend, propose, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, desire, urge等。
主语从句：It is + 形容词/过去分词 + that从句用(should) do。常见形容词：necessary, important, essential, vital, strange, natural; 过去分词：suggested, ordered, required, demanded, proposed, requested, insisted等。
表语从句/同位语从句：与suggestion, advice, order, demand, requirement, proposal, recommendation等名词相关的表语/同位语从句用(should) do。

4. 其他常用虚拟句型：
wish后的宾语从句：与现在相反用过去式，与过去相反用had done，与将来相反用would/could + do。
as if/though引导的方式状语从句：表示非真实情况时，用法同wish。
would rather后的宾语从句：用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。
It is (high) time that... 从句用过去式或should do（should不可省略）。
If only... 感叹句：用法同wish。
在lest, for fear that, in case引导的从句中，有时用(should) + do（但近年高考较少考查）。

虚拟类型	从句动词形式	主句动词形式	例句
与现在相反	did/were	would/could do	If I were you, I would go.
与过去相反	had done	would have done	If he had studied, he would have passed.
与将来相反	should do/were to do	would do	If it should rain, we would stay.
倒装虚拟	Had/Were/Should + 主语...	would/could do/have done	Had I known, I would have told you.
名词性从句（建议/命令等）	(should) do	——	I suggest that he (should) leave now.
wish	did/had done/would do	——	I wish I were taller.
It's	did/should do	——	It's time we went