Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Using Language 单词拓展 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语课件围绕“Adversity and Courage”单元，聚焦词汇拓展与语法应用，涵盖rough、loyal等核心词汇的词性转换、短语搭配，以及完全倒装、It happens that...等语法结构，通过由词到句的递进设计搭建学习支架，帮助学生衔接前后知识。 其亮点在于以语言能力培养为核心，结合汉译英、英译汉练习提升表达与理解能力，通过词汇联想（如make fire相关短语）和语法情境例句（如完全倒装句“By the small river stands an ancient stone bridge”）培养思维品质，助力学生构建知识网络。教师可直接应用于课堂，学生能在语境中提升语言运用能力与学习效率。

UNIT 4 Adversity and Courage---Using Language单词拓展 1．rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 【副词】 roughly 粗略地；大约；粗暴地 【动词】roughen 变粗糙；使粗糙 【短语】be rough on sb. 对某人粗暴/苛刻 treat sb./sth roughly 粗暴地对待某人 roughly speaking 粗略地说 汉译英：粗略地说，这次徒步旅行大约需要三天时间，而且山路崎岖不好走。 Roughly speaking, the hiking trip will take roughly three days, and the mountain roads are rough to walk on. 2．navigator n. 领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者 【动词】 navigate 导航 【名词】 navigation 导航 The experienced navigator can navigate the ship at sea skillfully. 3．loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 【短语】 be loyal to 对……忠诚 a loyal friend/supporter 忠诚的朋友/支持者 be loyal to ..... 忠诚于...... loyalty to/towards...... 对......忠诚 【名词】 loyalty 忠诚；忠实 【副词】loyally 忠诚地；忠实地 英译汉：She has always been loyal to her family and her loyal friends will always stand by her side. Her loyalty to her dreams never fades. 她始终忠于自己的家人，她忠实的朋友会一直支持她。她对梦想的忠诚从未消逝。 4．make fire 生火 【联想】 on fire 起火；着火 put out the fire 灭火 set fire to 纵火烧……= set sth on fire 纵火烧某物 Catch fire 着火 Play with fire 玩火；冒险 When camping in the wild, we learned to make fire, and we also know that we must never play with fire and put out the fire at once if it catches fire. 汉译英：在野外露营时，我们学会了生火，同时也知道绝不能玩火，一旦起火要立刻灭火。 5．give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) 【拓展】give away 分发；赠送；泄露 give back 归还；使恢复；使重新获得 give in 屈服；让步；投降；呈交 give out 分发；用完；耗尽 give up 放弃 give way to ... 让... 先行/在先；向...妥协；让步 汉译英：这朵花会散发出淡淡的香味，别放弃培育它，也不要泄露它的养护秘诀。 This flower will give off a faint fragrance. Don’t give up raising it, and don’t give away the secret of its maintenance. 6．commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献 【动词】 commit 犯(错误、罪行等)；(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证 【形容词】 committed 尽心尽力的；坚定的 【短语】 be committed to doing sth. 致力于做某事 make a commitment to sb./sth 向某人/就某事做出承诺 make a commitment that...... 做出...的承诺 make a commitment to doing sth = make a commitment to do sth（to为不定式的符号） 做出承诺做某事 Commit sb./oneself to doing sth 承诺/保证做某事 Commit a mistake/an error 犯错 Be committed to doing sth 致力于做某事 汉译英：他承诺致力于环保事业，并且为这个承诺付出了毕生的奉献。 He made a commitment to being committed to the cause of environmental protection, and he devoted his whole life to this commitment. 7.完全倒装 (1)当副词here, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等置于句首，谓语动词是come, go, rush, run, fly等，且主语是名词时，要用完全倒装，这种情况下用一般现在时和一般过去式。   ① 门开了，一位白发老人走了进来。 In came an old man with white hair. (2)There be/lie/stand/appear/remain...结构。 ② 在小河边矗立着一座古老的石桥。 By the small river stands an ancient stone bridge. (3)表示地点的介词短语放在句首，谓语动词是不及物动词，如：lie, stand, sit, exist等或者连系动词be,且主语时名词时，要用完全倒装。 ③ 地上躺着一只受伤的小鸟。 On the ground lies a wounded bird. 8.It (so) happens that...... 碰巧... =It chances that...... Sb. happen(s) to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 Sth happen(s) to sb. 某事发生在某人身上 汉译英：碰巧我昨天在图书馆遇到了我的小学老师。 英译汉：It chanced that she had no money with her when she wanted to buy the book, and nothing serious happened to her at last. It so happened that I met my primary school teacher in the library yesterday. / I happened to meet my primary school teacher in the library yesterday. $