Unit 9 Human Biology 一轮复习 课件-2026届高三英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册

2026届高考英语（北师大版）一轮复习课件——选择性必修第三册UNIT9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 课时习题巩固检测 重点单词及句型讲解 派生词及重点短语梳理 Content 目录 part one part two part three part one 派生词及重点短语梳理 3 派生词梳理 1.biology n.生物学 biological adj.生物的;生物学的 biologist n.生物学家 2.capability n.(完成困难事情的)能力,才能 capable adj.有能力 3.infer vt.推断,推定 inference n.推断;推论 4.calculate vt.计算,核算 calculation n.计算;估计 calculator n.计算器 5.physicist n. 物理学家 physics n.物理学 physical adj.物理学的;身体的;物质的 6.innovate vi.& vt. 革新,创新,改革 innovation n.创新;改革 innovative adj.革新的;富有革新精神的 4 7.betterment n.(个人社会和经济地位的)改良,改善,提高 better vt.胜过;超过;上进 　adj.& adv. 更好n.更好的事物 8.participant n.参加者,参与者 participate vi.参加;参与 participation n.参加;参与 9.edit vi.& vt.编辑,编校;剪辑,剪接 edition n. 版本;版次 editor n.编辑,主编 10.comparison n.比较 compare vt.比较 11.wholly adv.完全地 whole adj.完全的 12.accurate adj.准确的,正确的 accurately adv.准确地 accuracy n准确(性);精确(程度) 13.treatment n.诊疗,治疗,疗法;对待方式 treat vt.治疗;对待;款待;请(客)n.招待;款待 5 14.blessing n.福气,幸运 bless vt.祝福 15.nerve n.神经;焦虑,恐惧,紧张 nervous adj.易紧张焦虑的 16.organ n.器官 organic adj.器官的;有机的 17.locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置 location n. 位置 located adj.位于;坐落在 18.classify vt.将……分类;把……归入一类 classified adj.分类的;机密的 　classification n.归类,分类,分级 19.opposed adj.与某事物相反;反对某事物,不赞成某事物 oppose vt.反对;抵制 　opposite adj.对面的;相反的n.对立面 prep. 在……对面 opposition n.反对,反抗 6 20.depressing adj. 令人沮丧的,让人忧愁的 depress vt.使沮丧 　depressed adj.沮丧的;抑郁的 depression n.沮丧 21.visible adj.看得见的 invisible adj.看不见的 visibility n.能见度,能见距离;可见性 22.systematic adj. 系统化的,有条理的 system n. 系统;体系;制度 23.globe n.地球,世界;地球仪 global adj.全球的 24.corresponding adj.相应的;对应的 correspond vi.相一致;符合 　correspondence n.相似;相关;通信;来往信件 25.identify vt.确定,发现;认出,识别 identification n.确定;确认;鉴定;辨认 26.astronomer n.天文学家 astronomy n.天文学 7 重点短语梳理 1.lead to导致 2.be bound to 一定;势必会 3.be viewed as被看作 4.come into contact with接触到,和……接触 5.be classified as被归类为 6.get through度过,熬过;设法处理,完成 7.result in 导致 8.come up with 想出,想到 9.junk food 不利健康的食品,垃圾食品 10.a great deal of大量 11.in comparison with与……比较起来 12.on record有记载的,记录在案的 13.up to多达;直到 14.in the course of 在……期间,在……过程中 15.be wholly devoted to the research全身心地投入到研究中去 16.break this technical barrier打破这个技术壁垒 8 17.rapidly spread to a large number of people快速传播给大量的人 18.within a short period of time在很短的时间内 19.be caused by several different factors是由几个不同的因素引起的 20.as opposed to more common diseases不同于更常见的疾病 21.draw parallel相提并论 22.prevent any future outbreaks预防未来的疾病爆发 9 动词后缀-ify:①表示使得　②表示使……变成　③表示使(某人)充满(某种感情) 直接加-ify classify将……分类 去掉结尾字母e加-ify simplify简化;purify净化;diversify多样化;intensify加强 y变i再加-fy beautify美化 特殊强记 identity n.身份,本体→identify v.发现;认出;quantity n.数量→quantify v.确定数量 构词方法归纳 10 part two 重点单词及句型讲解 11 1.treatment n.诊疗,治疗,疗法(cure);对待方式→treat n.招待;款待 v.对待;款待; 　请客;治疗 【经典造句】　 Because I was under treatment, my mother was strongly opposed to my father treating me to junk food.　 因为我正在接受治疗,我母亲强烈反对我父亲请我吃垃圾食品。 under treatment 在治疗中 treat...as... 把……看作……;把……视为…… treat sb to sth 用某物招待某人,以某物款待某人 treat sb with... 以……方式对待某人 重点单词讲解 12 2.contain vt.包含(include),容纳,装盛;控制(control,restrain)→container n.容器 【经典造句】　 Unable to contain his anger,he turned around and roared angrily,“Who on earth did it?” 他无法控制自己的愤怒,转过身来怒吼,“到底是谁干的?” contain one’s anger/disappointment/curiosity/feelings 克制自己的愤怒/失望/好奇/情感 contain oneself 控制自己;自制 【注意】　contain侧重于所含有的数量或成分;include侧重于范围,是整体和部分的关系。常使用“including+被包括部分”或“被包括部分+included” 的结构。 13 3.classify vt.将……分类;把……归入一类(sort)→classified adj.分类的;机密的 →classification n.归类,分级,分类 【经典造句】　 The government advocates classifying rubbish into four categories: recyclable waste,unrecyclable waste,harmful waste and other waste. 政府提倡将垃圾分为四类:可回收垃圾、不可回收垃圾、有害垃圾和其他垃圾。 classify...into... 把……分为…… classify sb/sth as sth 把……划分为/界定为…… 14 4.opposed adj.与某事物相反(contrary);反对某事物,不赞成某事物(supportive)→oppose vt.反对;抵制→opposite adj.对面的;相反的n.对立面 prep.在……对面→opposition n.反对,反抗 【经典造句】　 I strongly opposed David/David’s giving up the cross-country run.He closed his eyes tightly, pondering on my opposition. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 我强烈反对大卫放弃越野跑。他紧紧地闭上眼睛,思索着我的反对。 With the nation opposing wasting food,an activity has been launched to call on us students to save food. 由于全国反对浪费食物,一项活动已经启动,呼吁我们学生节约食物。 15 be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事 oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事 oppose sb/sb’s doing sth 反对某人做某事 【注意】　 (1)表示“反对;不同意”的短语还有:disagree with, object to, be against等。 (2)表示“赞成;同意”的短语有:agree with/to, be for, be in support of等。 16 5.bury v.埋葬,安葬;埋藏;覆盖;掩盖;使沉浸;使专心(absorb) 【经典造句】　 The girl was sitting there, burying her face in her hands. 这个女孩坐在那里,双手捂着脸。 bury...in... 把……埋到……;使……沉浸于…… bury oneself in (doing)... 埋头于/专心于…… be buried in　 专心于 bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面 17 6.suspect n.(犯罪)嫌疑人,可疑分子 v.疑有,觉得;怀疑(doubt)→suspicion n.怀疑; 疑心→suspicious adj.怀疑的;可疑的 【经典造句】　 Suspected to be/as a spy,the stranger is being questioned by the police. 那个陌生人被怀疑是间谍,正在接受警方的审问。 suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事 suspect sb to be/as...　 怀疑某人是…… be suspicious of/about... 对……怀疑 【注意】　与suspect sb of sth 结构相同的短语还有:inform sb of sth通知某人某事;remind sb of sth提醒某人某事;rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物;accuse sb of sth控告某人某事;warn sb of sth警告某人某事。 18 7.get through用完,耗尽;接通;(设法)处理;完成;度过,熬过 【经典造句】　 A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. 微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关,在陌生人中找到朋友。 get on/along (well) with... ……进展状况/相处关系状况/身体状况(良好) get down 下来,记下,写下 get over　 越过,克服 get down to (doing) sth　开始认真处理/对待某事 19 ①The idea of cloning extinct life forms still belongs to science fiction. 　 　 　  ②Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone not in features but in footsteps. 　　　　　  ③A clone is identical with the original animal or plant. 　 　　 　　  clone vt.克隆,使无性繁殖 n.复制品;翻版 n.克隆动物或植物,无性繁殖的个体 同一个单词的不同汉语意思 20 ①Adults are portrayed alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume,deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) 　　 　　　  ②Pollution poses a threat to the existence of this species. 　　 　　　  ③When I finally posed the question, “Why?” he merely shrugged. 　　　　　  ④Before going into their meeting, the six foreign ministers posed for photographs. 　　　　　  pose n.姿势;姿态 vt.造成;引起;产生 vt.提出 vi.摆姿势 21 contain Seeing the box ①containing a daughter’s love for father, the father didn’t ②contain his excitement and kissed the little girl on the cheek. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  ①vt.包含　②vt.抑制(感情) 22 1.句型公式:the+序数词+n.+to do... 课本原句:They were the first-ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes,monkeys,and humans) to have been cloned! 它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长目动物(哺乳动物的一目,包括猿、猴子和人类)! 【经典造句】　 Though David was the last participant to cross the finishing line,he was not depressed and instead, his face lit up with victory.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 虽然大卫是最后一个越过终点线的参与者,但他并不沮丧,相反,他的脸上绽放出胜利的光芒。 重点句型讲解 23 (1)本句中不定式短语to have been cloned作后置定语,修饰the first-ever primates。 (2)英语中常用不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况: 被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 不定代词something、nothing、little等后常用不定式作定语。 抽象名词time、way、reason、chance、ability、courage、opportunity、wish等后常用不定式作定语。 被修饰词前有the only、the very、the next等词时。 24 2.句型公式:sb/sth be+过去分词+to do... 课本原句:Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months,the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history. 在18个月内造成5 000万人死亡之后,西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。 【经典造句】　 He is acknowledged to be one of the world’s greatest physicists. 他被公认为是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。 句中的“sb/sth be+过去分词+to do...”可与“It is+过去分词+that...”这个句型相互转换,根据具体情况,不定式可用一般式、进行式或完成式。 25 part three 课时习题巩固检测 26 完形填空 Although many over-processed foods can satisfy the desire for sweet, fatty and salty foods,research suggests these items are particularly bad for the heart and brain,with mood and cognition taking a hit. The most recent research looking at the　1　 of over-processed foods found the most far-reaching results.Researchers　2　 direct links between higher consumption of over-processed foods and a greater risk of many health issues.  27 (　　)1.A. recipe B. flavour C. preparation D. impact D 【解析】 根据第一段内容可知,尽管许多过度加工的食物可以满足人们对甜食,高脂肪、高盐食物的渴望,但研究表明这些食物对心脏和大脑尤其有害,情绪和认知也会受到影响。此处指对过度加工食品的影响(impact)的研究,故选D。 (　　)2.A. promoted B. identified C. evaluated D. dismissed B 【解析】 根据上文“The most recent research looking at the 　 　 of over-processed foods found the most far-reaching results.”可知,研究者研究了过度加工食物的影响,故此处指确认了(identified)过度加工食品的高消耗和许多健康问题的高风险之间存在直接联系,故选B。  28 These results are　3　 earlier studies.Diets high in these foods were linked to a greater risk of depression and anxiety,according to an analysis published in a journal.In one of these studies,risk rose from 　4　 just 33 percent of calories from over-processed foods.A separate study found that taking in just 20 percent of calories from these foods was linked to a 28 percent faster rate of cognitive 　5　 compared with people who ate less over-processed foods.  29 (　　)3.A. contrary to B. consistent with C. concerned about D. dependent on B 【解析】 根据下文“Diets high in these foods were linked to a greater risk of depression and anxiety,according to an analysis published in a journal.”可知,发表在一本期刊上的一项分析表明,富含这些食物的饮食与更大的患抑郁和焦虑风险有关,说明这些结果与早期的研究一致(consistent with),故选B。 30 (　　)4.A. consuming B. calculating C. reducing D. burning A 【解析】 根据下文“just 33 percent of calories from over-processed foods”可知,此处指从过度加工的食物中摄入(consuming)33%的热量就会增加患病风险,故选A。 31 (　　)5.A. improvement B. advantage C. quality D. decline D 【解析】 根据第一段内容可知,尽管许多过度加工的食物可以满足人们对甜食,高脂肪、高盐食物的渴望,但研究表明这些食物对心脏和大脑尤其有害,情绪和认知也会受到影响,故说明从这些食物中仅摄入20%热量的人的认知能力的下降(decline)速度要比少吃过度加工的食物的人快28%,故选D。 32 Also　6　 is that a study tracking about half a million people living in England,Scotland,and Wales found that the risk of dementia (痴呆) went up by 25 percent for every 10 percent increase in over-processed foods. While the exact cause-and-effect relationship is still unknown,the strongest evidence from prospective studies 　7　 the idea that eating high amounts of over-processed foods increases the risk of depression in the future.  33 (　　)6.A. reassuring B. contradictory C. alarming D. sustainable C 【解析】 根据下文“the risk of dementia (痴呆) went up by 25 percent for every 10 percent increase in over-processed foods”可知,消耗的过度加工的食品每增加10%,患痴呆的风险就会增加25%,这是令人惊恐的(alarming),故选C。 34 (　　)7.A. goes against B. casts doubt on C. leans towards D. puts forward C 【解析】 根据下文“the idea that eating high amounts of over-processed foods increases the risk of depression in the future”可知,前瞻性研究的最有力证据倾向于(leans towards)这样一种观点,即食用大量过度加工的食品会增加未来患抑郁症的风险,故选C。 35 It is common knowledge that eating too much salt or sugar is linked to high blood pressure and Type 2 diabetes.What the public may not appreciate,　8　 ,is that all these conditions affect the brain by raising the risk for dementia.　9　 such as certain artificial sweeteners may also disturb the production and release of brain chemicals,such as dopamine, which can negatively affect mental and emotional 　10　 .  36 (　　)8.A. however B. therefore C. by chance D. for instance A 【解析】 根据上文“It is common knowledge that eating too much salt or sugar is linked to high blood pressure and Type 2 diabetes.”和设空处所在句可知,前后句之间是转折关系:众所周知,吃太多盐或糖与高血压和二型糖尿病有关,然而(however)公众可能不知道的是,所有这些情况都会通过增加患痴呆的风险来影响大脑,故选A。 37 (　　)9.A. Decorations B. Additives C. Options D. Contributors B 【解析】 根据下文“such as certain artificial sweeteners”可知,人工甜味剂是一种添加剂(Additives),故选B。 (　　)10.A. problem B. capacity C. outburst D. well-being D 【解析】 根据上文“　 　 such as certain artificial sweeteners may also disturb the production and release of brain chemicals”可知,某些人工甜味剂等添加剂也可能干扰大脑化学物质(如多巴胺)的产生和释放,从而对精神和情绪健康(well-being)产生负面影响,故选D。  38 Another problem with over-processed foods is that they might be addictive.Over-processed foods have more in common with 　11　 than foods by Mother Nature.Humans have evolved to respond to foods that are sweet,fatty,and high in calories.For most of human existence,this helped us　12　 .But in nature,foods are 　13　 modestly high in sugar—like berries—or high in fat,like nuts.You don’t find foods high in both sugar and fat.That’s a distinctive　14　 of over-processed foods. Add in salt,artificial flavourings and bright colours,and our brains simply 　15　 these foods.  39 (　　)11.A. appetizers B. cigarettes C. desserts D. snacks B 【解析】 根据上文“Another problem with over-processed foods is that they might be addictive.”可知,过度加工的食品的另一个问题是它们可能会让人上瘾,说明它们和香烟(cigarettes)一样让人上瘾,故选B。 (　　)12.A. survive B. emerge C. venture D. mature A 【解析】 根据上文“Humans have evolved to respond to foods that are sweet,fatty,and high in calories.”可知,人类已经进化到对甜食、高脂肪和高热量的食物做出反应,说明在人类存在的大部分时间里,这帮助我们生存(survive)下来,故选A。 40 (　　)13.A. still B. barely C. only D. rather C 【解析】 根据下文“modestly high in sugar—like berries—or high in fat, like nuts”可知,但是在自然界中,仅仅(only)只有浆果的含糖量略高,坚果的脂肪含量略高,没有两者都高的,故选C。 (　　)14.A. nutrition B. taste C. dish D. characteristic D 【解析】 根据上文“You don’t find foods high in both sugar and fat.”可知,你不会在自然界中发现同时含有高糖和高脂肪的食物,说明这是过度加工的食品的一个显著特点(characteristic),故选D。 41 (　　)15. B 【解析】 根据上文“Add in salt,artificial flavourings and bright colours”可知,加上盐、人工调味品和鲜艳的颜色,我们的大脑就会被这些食物所吸引,失去对这些食物的控制(lose control over),故选B。 A. gain insight into B. lose control over C. show concern for D. get hold of 42 语法填空 (2025·八省联考) In 2010,the UN Department of Global Communications instituted language days for each of the organization’s six official languages.The goal was two-fold:1.　 　　　(celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six 2.　 　　　(tongue).  to celebrate tongues 43 1.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句谓语为was,空处为非谓语动词,应用动词不定式作目的状语,与to promote并列。故填to celebrate。 2.【解析】 考查名词复数。根据空前的“all six”可知,空处应用tongue(语言)的复数形式。故填tongues。 44 Language is the carrier of communication,the bridge of interaction between nations,3.　　　　 the bond of understanding among civilizations.At the same time,a language and its individual 4.　　　　(write) forms make up the “soul” of a nation’s cultural tradition.Every language is worthy of respect and should 5.　　 　　(treat) equally.  The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform 6.　　 the world to better understand China,but also 7.　 　　　 (promote) language and cultural exchanges in the world.  and written be treated for promotes 45 3.【解析】 考查连词。“the carrier of communication”“the bridge of interaction between nations”和“the bond of understanding among civilizations”是并列关系,共同阐述语言的作用。故填and。 4.【解析】 考查形容词。空处修饰名词forms,应用形容词written作前置定语,written forms意为“书写形式”。故填written。 5.【解析】 考查动词语态。主语Every language与动词treat构成被动关系,应用be treated表被动,且空处位于情态动词should后。故填be treated。 6.【解析】 考查介词。固定短语provide sth for sb/sth,意为“为某人/某物提供某物”。故填for。 7.【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处是由“not only...but also...”连接的并列谓语,时态应用一般现在时,且主语The UN Chinese Language Day为单数,因此空处应用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填promotes。 46 Today,more than 70 countries have included the Chinese language in their education systems.Chinese plays an increasingly important role in 8.　　　 　(improve) communication and cooperation between China and 9.　　　　 rest of the world.As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture,the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history,its hard-working people,its development through 10.　　 　　(innovate),and its inclusiveness.China, on its part,will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community.  improving the innovation 47 8.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。空处作介词in的宾语,应用其动名词形式。故填improving。 9.【解析】 考查冠词。固定短语the rest of...意为“……的其余部分”。故填the。 10.【解析】 考查名词。空处作介词through的宾语,应用其名词形式,意为“创新”。故填innovation。 48 结语 十年磨剑放光芒，笔尖生辉多力量，自信满满心莫慌，满腔热血上战场，才思隽永心中藏，知识重点全不忘，乘风破浪会有时，金榜题名定辉煌。祝同学们高考加油！ 49 THANK YOU! null 221140.3 $