Unit 2 Extended reading-Assessment（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语译林版选择性必修第三册

译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 2 Out of this world Extended reading-Assessment（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 2 Extended reading-Assessment部分的重点单词、短语。 √单词：accommodation, harmony, sustainable √短语：make sense of 2.读懂非洲（摩洛哥、肯尼亚）旅行日记，把握 “时间 — 地点 — 事件 — 感受” 体裁特征，提取关键信息； 3.能运用核心词汇、及短语描述旅行经历，提升语言表达的准确性与生动性。 4.了解非洲自然人文风貌，深化对跨文化旅行意义的认知，增强跨文化包容意识。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1.________ /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ vt.计算，核算；预测 2. ________/ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 3.________/əˈsɪstənt/ n.助理；售货员；助教 4.________/ɪnˈkredəbli/ adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信地 5.________ /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n.居所，住处；庇护6.________/ˈkɒnstənt/ adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 二、词块记忆 1.渴望做某事 ___________ 2. 理解；搞清…… 的意思 ___________ 3. 远超出 ___________ 4.躲避；避难 ___________ 5. 发挥关键作用 ___________ 6. 重大突破 ___________ 7.应用于 ___________ 8. 广泛媒体报道 ___________ 9. 对知识的渴望 ___________ Part 1 Extended reading 【知识梳理1】long vt. &vi. 渴望 (P25) 【常用搭配】 long to do sth 渴望做某事 long for sth 渴望某物 【即学即练】 1.She longed _________(back) in China. 2.They long ____ a chance to visit Shanghai. 【知识梳理2】make sense of 理解，弄懂 【常用搭配】 make sense 讲得通；有道理 in a sense 从某种意义上来说 There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没有意义 【即学即练】 完成句子 Provided you didn’t try to _____________, it sounded beautiful. 只要你不试图理解，它听起来是美的。 【知识梳理3】calculate vt. 计算，核算；预测(P26) calculation n. 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑 calculated adj. 计算出的；适合的；有计划的 calculator n. 计算器；计算者 【常用搭配】 calculate on 指望；期待 be calculated for 适合于…；为适合…而设计的 【即学即练】 1.You should be able to calculate ___ your family to support you. 2. ________________ at least 47000 jobs were lost last year. 据计算，去年至少丧失了47000个工作。 Part 2 Project-Assessment 【知识梳理1】shelter n. 遮蔽物；庇护处 vt. 庇护；躲避 (P27) 【常用搭配】 take shelter (from) 躲避(……) under the shelter of 在……的庇护下 shelter from... 躲避……(风雨或危险)；避难 shelter ...from... 保护……以免…… 【即学即练】 1.There was no shelter _____ the fury of the storm. 2.The three poor men, too anxious to get any sleep, sat down_____ the shelter of a great tree. 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．All my classmates worked (incredible) hard. 2．She couldn’t attend the meeting so her (assist) who was familiar with the agenda took her place. 3．He the numbers faster than a computer. (calculation) 4．The (coverage) of the election was comprehensive. 5．When he finally decided to take his doctor’s (origin) advice, it was too late. 6．It (calculate) by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared. 7．When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter the rain. 8．Furthermore, you’d better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you make sense the poems to be learned. 9．I think a pocket （calculate）is very convenient. 10．The experts were curious about what the purpose of the house was. (origin) 二、课文语法填空 The reasons 1.____we desire to explore space are as follows. First of all, it is out of our natural 2._______(curious) about the unknown. 3.____we are fascinated by the sky is evident in ancient tales from around the world, such as that of Chang’e. Secondly, the results of the space 4.___________(investigate) have made major contributions to an 5._____________(understand) of the origin, evaluation, and likely future of the universe. Thirdly, with technologies first researched and developed for space 6.__________(explore), we can solve some of the big problems 7.______(face)mankind, 8._______ (make) our lives safer and easier. Fourthly, the space industry can actually bring great 9.________(economy) value as well as job opportunities. Furthermore, what these people do can provide education and 10. _________ (inspire) for the next generation. 三、阅读理解 If you think you’d like to live on Mars, you may have that possibility by 2023. A Dutch company called Mars One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing (开拓) Mars. If you have all the necessary skills, you could be one of the first colonists. Are you ready for the challenge? You won’t have to pay for the mission to Mars. Mars One has already received money from some donors and is hoping to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all applicants have a debate for the rare chances. The main responsibility of the first colonists is to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is no air to breathe and no land to farm. Scientists know it’s quite possible because something similar has already been done in Antarctica. Another problem is that space travel to Mars takes nearly a year to get to Mars and the colonists will live the rest of their lives there. When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken. Luckily, spinning (旋转) the spaceship can create artificial gravity, and artificial gravity can ease these problems. It will also be difficult for Mars colonists to be far from home, living in small spaces, and seeing the same people over and over. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger. Fortunately, a few years ago, a joint Russian and European project called the Mars 500 Mission studied people’s reactions in a Mars-like environment. It is viewed as a great success because scientists were able to see how people handle emotional and physical stresses. Recent studies show that seven percent of people would want to go on such an adventure. Mars One will soon start accepting its first colonists. Are you interested? 1．What do we know about the applicants to Mars from the first two paragraphs? A．They will land on Mars in 2023. B．They can get money from donors. C．They will compete in a TV show. D．They do not need special skills. 2．What will be the main responsibility for the first colonists on Mars? A．To create an earth-like environment. B．To build labs in Antarctica. C．To spin the spaceship. D．To start the Mars 500 Mission. 3．What can the life of the first colonists be like according to the passage? A．Easy. B．Adaptable. C．Relaxing. D．Exciting. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Everyone could be one of the first colonists on Mars. B．Artificial gravity can make the colonists live better. C．People can’t handle emotional and physical stresses on Mars. D．Half of people would want to go on Mars. 一、阅读理解 A For children, space is magical — a whole world is out there, with so many things to learn and stories to read. Here are some children’s books about space and the solar system. Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington This beautifully illustrated picture book is attractive to young kids. It was inspired by the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl, who always knew she had big dreams about space. This is a great addition to a young kid’s collection, as a reminder to hold tight to dreams and never give up. Space by Libby Jackson This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way, from the 19th century to the present day. This is a perfect gift for young kids who want to know more about some of the lesser-known scientific achievements related to space exploration. Chasing Space by Leland Melvin This is Melvin’s story about being a football player-turned-astronaut, along with his recovery from an injury that nearly left him deaf. Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead, and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try, and a section of full-color photographs. System and Beyond by David A．Aguilar The book is full of beautiful illustrations of space, and is perfect for kids of all ages, exploring various planets and the solar system. Unlike other kids’ space book, this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist. Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 1．What do Mae among the Stars and Space have in common? A．They include less-known astronauts. B．They tell about scientists’ childhood. C．They cover women exploring space. D．They are suitable for children of all ages. 2．Whose book attracts children showing interest in experiments? A．Stasia Burrington’s. B．Libby Jackson’s. C．Leland Melvin’s. D．David A．Aguilar’s. 3．What is unique to System and Beyond? A．It has beautiful pictures. B．It tells about space artists. C．It has won many grand awards. D．It was written by an astronomer. B From the hills of West Virginia to the flats of rural Australia, some of the world’s largest telescopes are listening for signals from distant alien (外星的) civilizations. The project, known as SETI, is an effort to find artificial looking electromagnetic-radiation (电磁辐射) signals that might have come from a technologically advanced civilization in a far-away solar system. A recent study describes one of several efforts to use machine learning, a subset of AI, to help astronomers quickly sort through the large amounts of data such surveys generate. As AI reshapes many scientific fields, what promise does it hold for the search for life beyond Earth? “It is a new era for SETI research that is opening up thanks to machine learning technology,” says Franck Marchis, a planetary astronomer at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California. For decades, the field was restricted by having hardly any data at all. Most of the SETI searches that followed were also limited to a small number of stars. In 2015, billionaire Yuri Milner funded the biggest SETI programme ever: the Breakthrough Listen project to search one million stars for signs of intelligent life. But the trouble is that these searches generate large amounts of data — including false positives produced by Earthly interference (干扰) from mobile phones, GPS and other aspects of modern life. “The biggest challenge for us in looking for SETI signals is not at this point getting the data,” says Sofia Sheikh, an astronomer at the SETI Institute. “The difficult part is differentiating signals from Earth technology from the kind of signals we’d be looking for from technology somewhere else in the Galaxy.” Astronomers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), say “They will launch a community science project in which volunteers will sort through images of radio signals and classify them as potential types of interference.” “SETI will probably use a mixture of classical and machine-learning approaches to sort through data. Classical algorithms (经典算法) remain excellent at picking up signals, and machine learning can’t do everything,” says Jean-Luc Margot, an astronomer at UCLA． 1．What is the purpose of SETI? A．To search for alien life in outer space. B．To explore the geography of Australia. C．To study the ancient civilization of Earth. D．To send radio signals to the distant solar system. 2．What is the key factor in SETI research? A．The upgrade of data-storing equipment. B．The application of machine-learning technology. C．The development of radio communication systems. D．The invention of the largest telescope in the world. 3．What is the most challenging part of the SETI project? A．Raising funds for long-term research. B．Obtaining enough data from one million stars. C．Distinguishing alien signals from human signals. D．Avoiding interfering with GPS and mobile phones. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Advantages of classical algorithms. B．Further plan for the SETI programme. C．The goal of the community-science project. D．Improvements in machine-learning approaches. C Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars. But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. 1 However, it is difficult to survive this adventure. First, a roundtrip to Mars causes many extra health risks. For one thing, floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles. For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head. 2 Luckily, artificial gravity machines could help. Then there’s space radiation to worry about. The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic (宇宙的) rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems. 3 This increases the risk of developing the diseases. Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts. 4 Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars. Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory. Planning a trip to Mars isn’t just about keeping astronauts safe. 5 Humans are filled with microbes (微生物). And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets. A．Exploring space always comes with risks. B．It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. C．They can’t restock like astronauts on the space station do. D．On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. E．That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars. F．This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications. G．Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges. 二、思维提升-观点分享 1.Our exploration of space has already taught us many things. What do you think the future of space exploration holds for human understanding? Give reasons for your opinion and support your reasons with evidence. 2. Make a profile on a how to live beyond the Earth. 三、思维提升-书面表达 本节课作业二选一，为分层作业，难度有所区别。基础一般的同学可以选择作业一，基础较好的同学可以选择作业二。 假设你是李华，你们学校英语报近期举行题目为“What life will be like on Mars in the future?”的征文比赛，请你给报社投稿，主要内容如下： 1.肯定未来在火星上生活的可能性； 2.想象未来在火星上生活的样子； 3. 个人对在火星上生活的态度。 二选一 假如英语老师要求每位同学用英语写值日报告 (duty report) 。请你以“火星生活”为话题，发表一个值日报告。内容如下： 1. 人类对火星生活的向往； 2. 人类在火星上生存的条件及其必要性； 3. 你是否愿意到火星上去生活，为什么? 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 2 Out of this world Extended reading-Assessment（导学案） 1.掌握Unit 2 Extended reading-Assessment部分的重点单词、短语。 √单词：accommodation, harmony, sustainable √短语：make sense of 2.读懂非洲（摩洛哥、肯尼亚）旅行日记，把握 “时间 — 地点 — 事件 — 感受” 体裁特征，提取关键信息； 3.能运用核心词汇、及短语描述旅行经历，提升语言表达的准确性与生动性。 4.了解非洲自然人文风貌，深化对跨文化旅行意义的认知，增强跨文化包容意识。 1、 基础词汇记忆 5.________ /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ vt.计算，核算；预测 2. ________/ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 6.________/əˈsɪstənt/ n.助理；售货员；助教 4.________/ɪnˈkredəbli/ adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信地 7.________ /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n.居所，住处；庇护6.________/ˈkɒnstənt/ adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 【答案】 1.calculate 2. coverage 3. assistant 4. incredibly 5.shelter 6.constant 二、词块记忆 1.渴望做某事 ___________ 2. 理解；搞清…… 的意思 ___________ 3. 远超出 ___________ 2.躲避；避难 ___________ 5. 发挥关键作用 ___________ 6. 重大突破 ___________ 3.应用于 ___________ 8. 广泛媒体报道 ___________ 9. 对知识的渴望 ___________ 【答案】 1. long to do sth. 1. make sense of 2. go far beyond 3. take shelter from 5. play a crucial role in 1. major breakthrough 2. be applied to 1. receive widespread media coverage 2. thirst for knowledge Part 1 Extended reading 【知识梳理1】long vt. &vi. 渴望 (P25) 【常用搭配】 long to do sth 渴望做某事 long for sth 渴望某物 【即学即练】 1.She longed _________(back) in China. 2.They long ____ a chance to visit Shanghai. 【答案】1. to be back 2. for 【知识梳理2】make sense of 理解，弄懂 【常用搭配】 make sense 讲得通；有道理 in a sense 从某种意义上来说 There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没有意义 【即学即练】 完成句子 Provided you didn’t try to _____________, it sounded beautiful. 只要你不试图理解，它听起来是美的。 【答案】make sense of 【知识梳理3】calculate vt. 计算，核算；预测(P26) calculation n. 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑 calculated adj. 计算出的；适合的；有计划的 calculator n. 计算器；计算者 【常用搭配】 calculate on 指望；期待 be calculated for 适合于…；为适合…而设计的 【即学即练】 1.You should be able to calculate ___ your family to support you. 2. ________________ at least 47000 jobs were lost last year. 据计算，去年至少丧失了47000个工作。 【答案】1. on 2. It is calculated that Part 2 Project-Assessment 【知识梳理1】shelter n. 遮蔽物；庇护处 vt. 庇护；躲避 (P27) 【常用搭配】 take shelter (from) 躲避(……) under the shelter of 在……的庇护下 shelter from... 躲避……(风雨或危险)；避难 shelter ...from... 保护……以免…… 【即学即练】 1.There was no shelter _____ the fury of the storm. 2.The three poor men, too anxious to get any sleep, sat down_____ the shelter of a great tree. 【答案】1.from 2. under 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．All my classmates worked (incredible) hard. 【答案】incredibly 【解析】考查副词。句意：我所有的同学都学习得极其努力。分析句子结构可知，空格处需填副词修饰副词hard；incredible的副词incredibly意为“极其”，符合语境。故填incredibly。 1．She couldn’t attend the meeting so her (assist) who was familiar with the agenda took her place. 【答案】assistant 【解析】考查名词。句意：她不能参加会议，所以她那位熟悉议程的助手代替了她。根据“her”以及“who was familiar with the agenda (定语从句修饰先行词，指人)”可知，此空需填名词assistant，在so后的句子中作主语，意为“助手”，且根据从句谓语was可知，此处用单数名词。故填assistant。 1．He the numbers faster than a computer. (calculation) 【答案】calculates 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他计算数字比计算机还快。本空在句中作谓语，应用动词calculate“计算”，此处描述的是一般事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语He是第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。故填calculates。 1．The (coverage) of the election was comprehensive. 【答案】coverage 【解析】考查名词。句意：选举的报道很全面。空处需填名词作主语，coverage意为“报道”，是抽象名词，不可数。故填coverage。 1．When he finally decided to take his doctor’s (origin) advice, it was too late. 【答案】original 【解析】考查形容词。句意：当他最终决定采纳医生最初的建议时，已经太晚了。本空修饰名词advice，用所给词origin的形容词形式original“最初的，原始的”，作前置定语。故填original。 1．It (calculate) by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared. 【答案】is calculated 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（公斤）除以身高（米）的平方。设空处为谓语，主语It与动词calculate之间是被动关系，即“这种计算方式被计算”，且这是一种客观描述，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填is calculated。 1．When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter the rain. 【答案】from 【解析】考查介词。句意：你上次使用电话亭是什么时候呢？我指的是实际打电话，而不是为了避雨。shelter from“遮蔽；躲避”是固定搭配。故填from。 1．Furthermore, you’d better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you make sense the poems to be learned. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。句意：此外，你最好提前了解唐朝的历史，这能帮助你理解要学的诗歌。此处是固定搭配make sense of，意为“理解；明白”，此处为介词of。故填of。 1．I think a pocket （calculate）is very convenient. 【答案】calculator 【解析】考查名词。句意：我觉得口袋计算器非常方便。think后接了省略that的宾语从句a pocket_______is very convenient，a pocket+所填词作主语，因此所填词要用单数可数名词。根据 pocket(口袋)可知，所填词要将动词calculate(计算)变成名词calculator(计算器)。故填calculator。 1．The experts were curious about what the purpose of the house was. (origin) 【答案】originally 【解析】考查副词。句意：专家们很好奇这座房子最初的用途是什么。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰，origin的副词为originally意为“最初”符合句意。故填originally。 二、课文语法填空 The reasons 1.____we desire to explore space are as follows. First of all, it is out of our natural 2._______(curious) about the unknown. 3.____we are fascinated by the sky is evident in ancient tales from around the world, such as that of Chang’e. Secondly, the results of the space 4.___________(investigate) have made major contributions to an 5._____________(understand) of the origin, evaluation, and likely future of the universe. Thirdly, with technologies first researched and developed for space 6.__________(explore), we can solve some of the big problems 7.______(face)mankind, 8._______ (make) our lives safer and easier. Fourthly, the space industry can actually bring great 9.________(economy) value as well as job opportunities. Furthermore, what these people do can provide education and 10. _________ (inspire) for the next generation. 【答案】1. why 2. curiosity 3. That 4. investigations 5.understanding 6. exploration 7. facing 1. making 2. economic 3. inspiration 三、阅读理解 If you think you’d like to live on Mars, you may have that possibility by 2023. A Dutch company called Mars One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing (开拓) Mars. If you have all the necessary skills, you could be one of the first colonists. Are you ready for the challenge? You won’t have to pay for the mission to Mars. Mars One has already received money from some donors and is hoping to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all applicants have a debate for the rare chances. The main responsibility of the first colonists is to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is no air to breathe and no land to farm. Scientists know it’s quite possible because something similar has already been done in Antarctica. Another problem is that space travel to Mars takes nearly a year to get to Mars and the colonists will live the rest of their lives there. When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken. Luckily, spinning (旋转) the spaceship can create artificial gravity, and artificial gravity can ease these problems. It will also be difficult for Mars colonists to be far from home, living in small spaces, and seeing the same people over and over. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger. Fortunately, a few years ago, a joint Russian and European project called the Mars 500 Mission studied people’s reactions in a Mars-like environment. It is viewed as a great success because scientists were able to see how people handle emotional and physical stresses. Recent studies show that seven percent of people would want to go on such an adventure. Mars One will soon start accepting its first colonists. Are you interested? 1．What do we know about the applicants to Mars from the first two paragraphs? A．They will land on Mars in 2023. B．They can get money from donors. C．They will compete in a TV show. D．They do not need special skills. 2．What will be the main responsibility for the first colonists on Mars? A．To create an earth-like environment. B．To build labs in Antarctica. C．To spin the spaceship. D．To start the Mars 500 Mission. 3．What can the life of the first colonists be like according to the passage? A．Easy. B．Adaptable. C．Relaxing. D．Exciting. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Everyone could be one of the first colonists on Mars. B．Artificial gravity can make the colonists live better. C．People can’t handle emotional and physical stresses on Mars. D．Half of people would want to go on Mars. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一家名为“火星一号”的荷兰公司刊登广告，招聘对殖民火星感兴趣的人，以及介绍在火星居住所存在的问题。 1．细节理解题。由第一段中的“If you have all the necessary skills, you could be one of the first colonists. Are you ready for the challenge? (如果你具备所有必要的技能，你就可以成为最早的殖民者之一。你准备好迎接挑战了吗？)”和第二段中的“Mars One has already received money from some donors and is hoping to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all applicants have a debate for the rare chances. (Mars One已经收到了一些捐赠者的捐款，并希望从电视观众那里得到更多，他们会对这个节目感兴趣，在这个节目中，所有申请者都会为难得的机会进行辩论)”可知，火星申请者需要在电视节目中进行辩论比赛，竞争移民火星的位置。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。由第三段中的“The main responsibility of the first colonists is to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is no air to breathe and no land to farm. (第一批殖民者的主要职责是在火星上创造一个人造环境，火星上没有空气可以呼吸，也没有土地可以耕种)”可知，第一批开拓者将需要创造地球的条件来解决火星上的基本生活问题。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。由第四段中的“It will also be difficult for Mars colonists to be far from home, living in small spaces, and seeing the same people over and over. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger. Fortunately, a few years ago, a joint Russian and European project called the Mars 500 Mission studied people’s reactions in a Mars-like environment. It is viewed as a great success because scientists were able to see how people handle emotional and physical stresses. (对于火星殖民者来说，远离家乡，生活在狭小的空间里反复看到同样的人也很困难。患有抑郁症的殖民者可能会使任务处于危险之中。幸运的是，几年前，俄罗斯和欧洲的一个名为“火星500任务”的联合项目研究了人们在类似火星的环境中的反应。它被认为是一个巨大的成功，因为科学家们能够看到人们如何处理情绪和身体压力)”可知，第一批开拓者的生活会是艰难的，但一项关于人们在类似火星的环境中的研究结果，可得出他们的适应性强。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。由第四段中的“When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken. Luckily, spinning (旋转) the spaceship can create artificial gravity, and artificial gravity can ease these problems. (当人类长期生活在没有重力或低重力的环境中时，体内的系统就会减弱。幸运的是，旋转宇宙飞船可以产生人造重力，而人造重力可以缓解这些问题)”可知，人造重力可以缓解没有重力或低重力环境对人体产生的负面影响，可以使殖民者生活得更好。故选B项。 一、阅读理解 A For children, space is magical — a whole world is out there, with so many things to learn and stories to read. Here are some children’s books about space and the solar system. Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington This beautifully illustrated picture book is attractive to young kids. It was inspired by the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl, who always knew she had big dreams about space. This is a great addition to a young kid’s collection, as a reminder to hold tight to dreams and never give up. Space by Libby Jackson This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way, from the 19th century to the present day. This is a perfect gift for young kids who want to know more about some of the lesser-known scientific achievements related to space exploration. Chasing Space by Leland Melvin This is Melvin’s story about being a football player-turned-astronaut, along with his recovery from an injury that nearly left him deaf. Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead, and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try, and a section of full-color photographs. System and Beyond by David A．Aguilar The book is full of beautiful illustrations of space, and is perfect for kids of all ages, exploring various planets and the solar system. Unlike other kids’ space book, this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist. Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 1．What do Mae among the Stars and Space have in common? A．They include less-known astronauts. B．They tell about scientists’ childhood. C．They cover women exploring space. D．They are suitable for children of all ages. 2．Whose book attracts children showing interest in experiments? A．Stasia Burrington’s. B．Libby Jackson’s. C．Leland Melvin’s. D．David A．Aguilar’s. 3．What is unique to System and Beyond? A．It has beautiful pictures. B．It tells about space artists. C．It has won many grand awards. D．It was written by an astronomer. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 【解析】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本关于太空和太阳系的儿童读物。 1．推理判断题。根据Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington的第二、三句“It was inspired by the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl, who always knew she had big dreams about space. (它的灵感来自第一位进入太空的非裔美国女性梅·杰米森。它讲述了梅作为一个小女孩的故事，她一直知道她对太空有很大的梦想。)”，而Space by Libby Jackson的第一句“This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way, from the 19th century to the present day. (这本精美的插图书让孩子们看到了从19世纪到现在，来自世界各地的50位女性，她们以某种方式参与了太空探索。)”可知，《星际漫游》和《太空漫游》的共同之处是：它们都涉及到那些探索太空的女性。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据Chasing Space by Leland Melvin的“Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead, and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try, and a section of full-color photographs. (孩子们会喜欢读他关于他如何面对挑战和前进的故事，他还包括DIY实验供孩子们尝试，以及一组全彩照片。)”可知，对实验感兴趣的孩子会被Leland Melvin的书吸引。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据System and Beyond by David A. Aguilar的“Unlike other kids’ space book, this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist. Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. (与其他儿童太空书不同，这是一本由获奖的天文学家和太空艺术家撰写和插图的国家地理书。阿吉拉尔还是哈佛-史密森天体物理中心的前科学信息和公共宣传主任。)”可知，这本《系统及其他》与其他读物的不同之处是作者本人的身份是天文学家，能为读者提供专家的观点和对主题的见解。故选D项。 B From the hills of West Virginia to the flats of rural Australia, some of the world’s largest telescopes are listening for signals from distant alien (外星的) civilizations. The project, known as SETI, is an effort to find artificial looking electromagnetic-radiation (电磁辐射) signals that might have come from a technologically advanced civilization in a far-away solar system. A recent study describes one of several efforts to use machine learning, a subset of AI, to help astronomers quickly sort through the large amounts of data such surveys generate. As AI reshapes many scientific fields, what promise does it hold for the search for life beyond Earth? “It is a new era for SETI research that is opening up thanks to machine learning technology,” says Franck Marchis, a planetary astronomer at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California. For decades, the field was restricted by having hardly any data at all. Most of the SETI searches that followed were also limited to a small number of stars. In 2015, billionaire Yuri Milner funded the biggest SETI programme ever: the Breakthrough Listen project to search one million stars for signs of intelligent life. But the trouble is that these searches generate large amounts of data — including false positives produced by Earthly interference (干扰) from mobile phones, GPS and other aspects of modern life. “The biggest challenge for us in looking for SETI signals is not at this point getting the data,” says Sofia Sheikh, an astronomer at the SETI Institute. “The difficult part is differentiating signals from Earth technology from the kind of signals we’d be looking for from technology somewhere else in the Galaxy.” Astronomers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), say “They will launch a community science project in which volunteers will sort through images of radio signals and classify them as potential types of interference.” “SETI will probably use a mixture of classical and machine-learning approaches to sort through data. Classical algorithms (经典算法) remain excellent at picking up signals, and machine learning can’t do everything,” says Jean-Luc Margot, an astronomer at UCLA． 1．What is the purpose of SETI? A．To search for alien life in outer space. B．To explore the geography of Australia. C．To study the ancient civilization of Earth. D．To send radio signals to the distant solar system. 2．What is the key factor in SETI research? A．The upgrade of data-storing equipment. B．The application of machine-learning technology. C．The development of radio communication systems. D．The invention of the largest telescope in the world. 3．What is the most challenging part of the SETI project? A．Raising funds for long-term research. B．Obtaining enough data from one million stars. C．Distinguishing alien signals from human signals. D．Avoiding interfering with GPS and mobile phones. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Advantages of classical algorithms. B．Further plan for the SETI programme. C．The goal of the community-science project. D．Improvements in machine-learning approaches. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于寻找类似人造电磁辐射的信号的 SETI 项目，以及该项目的研究关键和面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The project, known as SETI, is an effort to find artificial looking electromagnetic-radiation (电磁辐射) signals that might have come from a technologically advanced civilization in a far-away solar system.”(该项目被称为SETI，旨在寻找看起来像人造的电磁辐射信号，这些信号可能来自遥远太阳系中技术先进的文明。)可知，SETI 项目的目的是寻找外太空的生命。故选 A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is a new era for SETI research that is opening up thanks to machine learning technology”(借助机器学习技术，SETI研究进入了一个新时代) 可知，机器学习技术是 SETI 研究的关键因素。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The difficult part is differentiating signals from Earth technology from the kind of signals we’d be looking for from technology somewhere else in the Galaxy”(困难的部分是区分来自地球技术的信号和我们在银河系其他地方寻找的信号) 可知，SETI 项目最具挑战的部分是区分地球技术信号和外星技术信号。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“SETI will probably use a mixture of classical and machine-learning approaches to sort through data. Classical algorithms (经典算法) remain excellent at picking up signals, and machine learning can’t do everything," says Jean-Luc Margot, an astronomer at UCLA.”（SETI可能会混合使用经典方法和机器学习方法来整理数据。加州大学洛杉矶分校的天文学家Jean-Luc Margot说:“经典算法在获取信号方面仍然很出色，机器学习不能做所有事情。）可知，最后一段主要关于SETI项目的进一步计划。故选B。 C Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars. But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. 1 However, it is difficult to survive this adventure. First, a roundtrip to Mars causes many extra health risks. For one thing, floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles. For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head. 2 Luckily, artificial gravity machines could help. Then there’s space radiation to worry about. The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic (宇宙的) rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems. 3 This increases the risk of developing the diseases. Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts. 3 Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars. Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory. Planning a trip to Mars isn’t just about keeping astronauts safe. 5 Humans are filled with microbes (微生物). And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets. A．Exploring space always comes with risks. B．It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. C．They can’t restock like astronauts on the space station do. D．On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. E．That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars. F．This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications. G．Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．D 4．G 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类探索火星所面临的挑战和困难。文章从多个角度分析了人类登陆火星的可能性和难点，包括健康风险、空间辐射、生存条件的建立以及保护火星环境等方面。 1．根据上文“Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars. But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. (在过去的60年里，许多航天器飞过火星，绕火星运行，甚至在火星上着陆。但人类探险者可以比机器工作得更快，更灵活。踏上火星将是太空探索的一个重要里程碑。)”可知，上文是解释为什么某些国家有兴趣将人类送往火星，本空应对此进行总结，E选项“That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars. (这就是为什么某些国家有兴趣将人类送往火星。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 2．根据上文“For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head. (另一方面，它会导致液体在头部积聚。)”可知，长时间在微重力环境下会导致头部积液，本空应继续解释这种现象导致的健康后果，F选项“This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications. (这可能会导致眼睛压力增加，并导致视力并发症。)”说明了头部积液可能导致的视力问题，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 3．根据上文“Then there’s space radiation to worry about. The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic (宇宙的) rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems.  (然后还有空间辐射要担心。地球磁场保护地球附近的宇航员免受高能宇宙射线的伤害。这些宇宙射线可能会增加患癌症和其他健康问题的风险。)”可知，宇宙射线可能增加癌症和其他健康问题的风险，本空继续谈论这种暴露对于宇航员的影响，D选项“On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. (在长途旅行中，宇航员将面临长时间的暴露。)”正好说明了在更长的旅程中，宇航员会面临更长时间的暴露在宇宙射线中，这增加了患病的风险，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 4．根据下文“Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars. Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory. (由于宇航员无法从地球上携带建筑材料，科学家们正在想方设法让宇航员在火星上使用材料。长期游客也需要大量的氧气来呼吸。美国宇航局‘毅力号’探测器上的一个设备目前正在为未来的火星氧气工厂奠定基础。)”可知，下文是具体解释在火星定居地建立和生存将面临的许多具体的挑战，G选项“Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges. (在火星定居地建立和生存将面临诸多挑战。)”概括了在火星建立和生存的挑战，能引出下文，符合题意。故选G。 5．根据下文“Humans are filled with microbes (微生物) . And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets. (人类体内充满了微生物。传播这些微生物可能会对寻找火星上的生命造成不利影响。因此，负责任的太空探索的一个关键部分是确保地球上的细菌不会感染其他行星。)”可知，本空要引出后文宇航员可能给火星带来的不好的影响，B选项“It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. (它还涉及保护火星免受宇航员的伤害。)”说明了除了保护宇航员外，还需要保护火星不受宇航员的影响，即避免地球微生物污染火星，能引出下文，符合题意。故选B。 二、思维提升-观点分享 1.Our exploration of space has already taught us many things. What do you think the future of space exploration holds for human understanding? Give reasons for your opinion and support your reasons with evidence. 2. Make a profile on a how to live beyond the Earth. 【答案】 1.The future of space exploration will expand our understanding of our role as humans. As space exploration reveals more mysteries, our perspective of our planet and ourselves will change. Past space exploration raised awareness of the need for global solutions to challenges. Furthermore, space exploration requires global cooperation, which is already practised on the International Space Station. Hopefully, future knowledge will help us understand the importance of working together to solve other problems on the Earth, such as poverty, hunger and war. 1.Organize the information you have collected and make a profile . Present your travel brochure to the class. 三、思维提升-书面表达 本节课作业二选一，为分层作业，难度有所区别。基础一般的同学可以选择作业一，基础较好的同学可以选择作业二。 假设你是李华，你们学校英语报近期举行题目为“What life will be like on Mars in the future?”的征文比赛，请你给报社投稿，主要内容如下： 1.肯定未来在火星上生活的可能性； 2.想象未来在火星上生活的样子； 3. 个人对在火星上生活的态度。 二选一 假如英语老师要求每位同学用英语写值日报告 (duty report) 。请你以“火星生活”为话题，发表一个值日报告。内容如下： 4. 人类对火星生活的向往； 5. 人类在火星上生存的条件及其必要性； 6. 你是否愿意到火星上去生活，为什么? 7.【参考范文】 What life will be like on Mars in the future? In the future, Mars will be a good place for people to live in, because people will produce enough air and water on Mars. What life will be like on Mars in the future? Just like they’re on the earth, people will be busy with working and studying on week-days. At weekends, they will relax by going to the park. During a long holiday, they’ll return to the earth by spaceship to visit their families and friends. Life on Mars will be very interesting. 8.【参考范文】 With the increasing population on Earth, human beings have been trying to find another planet in space to live on. It is reported that liquid water has been found on Mars, which provides necessary conditions for all living things. To some extent, the climate on Mars is quite similar to that on Earth, which makes it possible for humans to live on Mars. Therefore, it is quite probable that humans will live on Mars one day. As far as I am concerned, I would be willing to live on Mars if I got the chance in the future. Since it is a completely new place, I think it will be magical. 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $