内容正文:
专题03 介词(短语)及其在读写中的运用
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 2
03 考点通关·靶向突破 3
★ 考点一 时间介词 3
★ 考点二 地点方位介词 5
考点三 方式介词 7
★ 考点四 表示伴随的介词 9
考点五 原因、目的、让步、替代 11
★ 考点六 “除了……” 12
04 优题精选·练能提分 13
考点
课标要求
复习目标
时间介词
· 掌握常用介词的基本用法
· 理解并运用常用介词短语
· 在语篇中准确判断介词(短语)的语义及逻辑关系
· 在书面表达中规范、灵活运用介词(短语),提升表达准确性和丰富性
1. 牢记核心介词(短语)的基本用法和搭配;
2. 能在不同语境中准确选择和运用介词(短语);
3. 提升读写中对介词(短语)的敏感度,避免常见错误;
4. 运用介词(短语)优化书面表达,增强逻辑性和规范性。
地点方位介词
方式介词
表示伴随的介词
表示原因、目的、让步或替代的介词(短语)
表示“除了...”的介词
易混介词辨析
· 掌握易混介词(时间、地点方位、“除了”)的区别
命题预测
1.核心素养导向:更注重考查介词(短语)在真实语境中的运用,体现“语言运用”核心素养,减少孤立语法考点考查;
2.读写融合趋势:阅读中可能通过介词(短语)设置细节理解、逻辑推理题;书面表达中,介词(短语)的规范运用将成为评分要点,尤其在话题作文(如活动介绍、经历分享)中,描述时间、地点、方式等场景时高频考查;
3.短语化倾向:常用介词短语(如take part in, look forward to, in order to等)的考查频率将持续上升。
解题锦囊
锦囊1:完形填空
先判断语境逻辑(时间、地点、方式、因果等),再结合介词(短语)固定搭配排除错误选项,避免仅凭翻译选择。
锦囊2:阅读理解
利用介词(短语)定位关键信息(如时间介词on/in/at对应文中时间节点),通过逻辑介词(如but, so, because of)把握句间关系。
锦囊3:书面表达
牢记“场景匹配”原则——时间用in/on/at,方式用by/with,原因用because of,目的用in order to,同时积累话题相关介词短语(如环保话题用sort...into, reduce...from)。
考点一 时间介词
1. in
用于:年、月、季节、世纪、泛指的上午/下午/晚上
结构:
in 2025
in March
in spring
in the 21st century
in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening
2. on
用于:具体某一天、星期几、节日、具体某天的早中晚
结构:
on Monday
on June 1st
on Teachers’ Day
on Sunday morning
3. at
用于:具体时刻、点钟、noon、night、midnight
结构:
at 6:00
at noon
at night
at the moment
例句:He gets up at six every morning.
4. 其他常用时间介词
before 在……之前
after 在……之后
since 自从(常与现在完成时连用)
for 长达……(接一段时间)
from…to… 从……到……
1.(2024·北京·)The Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon ________ June 2, 2024.
A.at B.on C.to D.in
【答案】B
【解析】句意:嫦娥六号在2024年6月2日成功登上月球背面。
考查介词辨析。at用于具体的时刻前面;on用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上;to表示方向或目的地;in用于年、月、季节的前面。根据“June 2, 2024”可知是具体的某一天,因此应用介词on。故选B。
2.(2023·北京·)It’s a good idea to visit Beijing ________ October.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在十月份参观北京是个好主意。
考查时间介词。at后接具体时刻等;on后接具体某一天等;in后接年月等;to到。根据“October”可知此处表示在十月,用介词in。故选C。
3.(2022·北京·)We have history class ________ three o’clock every Friday afternoon.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们每周五下午三点钟上历史课。
考查介词辨析。at其后加时间点;on其后加星期或具体的时间;in其后加早中晚,月份,季节,年份等;to到。“three o’clock”是时间点,用时间介词at。故选A。
4. The activity will be held __________June 12th.(2025北京东城二模)
【答案】on
5. It will start __________ 10 o’clock __________Saturday morning.(2022北京东城模拟)
【答案】at; on
考点二 地点方位介词
1. in
在……里面(大地点、范围里)
in the room
in China
in the box
2. on
在……上面(有接触面)
on the desk
on the wall
3. at
在……点/小地点
at the bus stop
at the door
4. 方位类
under 在……正下方
over 在……正上方
above 在……上方(不垂直)
below 在……下方(不垂直)
beside / next to 在……旁边
near 在……附近
behind 在……后面
in front of 在……(外部)前面
in the front of 在……(内部)前面
between 在两者之间
among 在三者/多者之间
inside 在里面
outside 在外面
1.单项选择(2025·北京改编)
The New Year party was usually held ____1____ my aunt’s house and my favorite part was the apple cake.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
【答案】C
【解析】考查地点介词辨析。“at one’s house”为固定搭配,表示“在某人家里”,故选C。
技巧:牢记“小地点用at,大地点用in”,结合固定搭配快速锁定答案。
2.单词拼写(2025·山东日照·)Look! Black smoke is rising a the burning building.
【答案】(a)bove
【解析】句意:看!黑烟正从燃烧的大楼上方升起。根据“Black smoke is rising...the burning building.”和所给首字母可知,此处表示黑烟在大楼上方升起,above“在……上”。故填(a)bove。
3.单词拼写(2025·四川凉山·)The little girl in a red hat is walking t the forest with a small basket for her grandma.
【答案】(t)hrough
【解析】句意:戴红帽子的小女孩正带着给她奶奶的小篮子穿过森林。根据“The little girl in a red hat is walking...the forest with a small basket for her grandma.”可知,这里强调小女孩从森林里穿过,用through。故填(t)hrough。
考点三 方式介词
1. by
by + 交通工具(不加冠词)
by bus / by bike / by car / by plane
by + 方法/手段
by working hard
by listening to tapes
2. in
in + 语言/声音/颜色/材料
in English
in a low voice
3. with
用……工具/身体部位
write with a pen
see with our eyes
4. on
通过……(通讯、媒介)
on the phone
on TV
on the Internet
【易错提醒】
介词后接动词时,需用动名词形式(如look forward to doing, be used to doing)
一、单项选择
1.(2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)My father often goes to work ________ bike, but sometimes he goes ________ foot.
A.by; by B.on; on C.by; on D.on; by
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我父亲经常骑自行车去上班,但有时他步行。
考查介词。“by + 交通工具” 表示出行方式,by bike 意为“骑自行车”;“on foot”是固定短语,意为“步行”,故选C。
2.(2025·福建泉州·模拟预测)Miss Lee is a kind teacher. She always encourages us ________ warm words.
A.for B.with C.about
【答案】B
【解析】句意:李老师是一位善良的老师。她总是用温暖的话语鼓励我们。
考查介词辨析。for为了;with用;about关于。根据“encourages us ... warm words”可知,是用温暖的话语鼓励我们,介词with符合语境。故选B。
3.(2025·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模)—Why was the American tourist surprised at the popularity of mobile payment in China?
—Because people prefer to buy things ________ paper money in his country.
A.by B.with C.for
【答案】B
【解析】句意:—— 为什么这位美国游客对移动支付在中国的流行感到惊讶?—— 因为在他的国家,人们更喜欢用纸币买东西。
考查介词辨析。by通过…… 方式或手段;with用……(工具、手段等);for为了……,对于……。根据“paper money”可知,纸币是一种工具,即买东西用纸币。故选B。
考点四 表示伴随的介词
一、with
1. 基本用法
with 是初中表示“伴随”最核心的介词,后面接名词或代词,不接句子:
(1)表示“和……一起”(强调与人/物共同行动)
结构:主语 + 动作 + with + 人/物
易错点:区分 with 和 and(and 是连词,连接两个并列主语,with 是介词,后面的成分不影响谓语单复数)
例句:① I often go to school with my best friend.(我经常和我最好的朋友一起去上学。)—— 伴随“上学”这个动作,“朋友”同时存在
② She will watch a movie with her sister this weekend.(这个周末她将和她的妹妹一起看电影。)
易错辨析:My mother and I cook dinner.(and 连接主语,谓语用复数);My mother cooks dinner with me.(with 接宾语,谓语随前面的主语 my mother,用单数)
(2)表示“带有、具有”(强调人/物自带的特征、属性)
结构:名词 + with + 名词(特征/属性)
例句:① There is a big tree with green leaves in our school.(我们学校里有一棵长着绿叶的大树。)—— 大树“带有”绿叶的特征
② The girl with long hair is my classmate.(那个留着长发的女孩是我的同学。)—— 女孩“具有”长发的特征
(3)表示“伴随某种状态/工具”(强调动作发生时,伴随的状态或使用的工具)
结构:动作 + with + 状态/工具(名词)
例句:① He finished his homework with great care.(他认真地完成了作业。)—— 伴随“完成作业”的动作,状态是“认真”
② We write with pens.(我们用笔写字。)—— 伴随“写字”的动作,使用的工具是“笔”(注意:with 接工具,by 接交通工具/方法,别混淆)
2. 易错点总结
① with 不能接句子,后面只能接名词/代词(错误:He went out with it was raining. 正确:He went out with rain. 或 He went out because it was raining.)
② 主谓一致:with 连接的成分不影响前面主语的单复数
二、along with
1. 基本用法:表示“和……一起”,用法和 with 第一种用法完全一致,语气更委婉,后面同样接名词/代词,不接句子。
2. 结构:主语 + 动作 + along with + 人/物
3. 例句:① Tom, along with his parents, will go to the park tomorrow.(汤姆将和他的父母一起去公园。)
② She sang a song along with the music.(她跟着音乐唱了一首歌。)
4. 易错点:along with 连接的成分,同样不影响主语的单复数(如例句①,谓语随 Tom,用单数 will go)
三、together with
1. 基本用法:表示“和……一起”,侧重“共同、一起”的含义,用法和 with、along with 一致,可互换。
2. 例句:① We worked together with our teachers to finish the task.(我们和老师一起努力完成了任务。)
② My brother together with his friends often plays basketball after school.(我哥哥和他的朋友们经常放学后打篮球。)
1.(2025·上海青浦·二模)In Chenghuang Miao area, there is a lake ________ a pavilion in its middle.
A.by B.for C.with D.outside
【答案】C
【解析】句意:城隍庙一带有一个湖,湖中央有一个亭子。
考查介词辨析。by在……旁边;for为了;with带有;outside在……之外。根据“there is a lake...a pavilion in its middle.”可知,空格后为定语修饰名词“lake”,表示“中央有一个亭子的湖”,应用with表伴随。故选C。
2.(2025·安徽滁州·一模)Alice’s head teacher praised her ________ making great progress in her subjects this term.
A.with B.as C.by D.for
【答案】D
【解析】句意:Alice的校长因为她这个学期在功课上取得了巨大进步而表扬她。
考查介词辨析。with和……在一起,表伴随;as由于,表原因,其后接句子;by通过,表方式;for因为,表原因,其后接名词或短语。根据“Alice’s head teacher praised her…making great progress”可知,此处表示表扬的原因,应用介词for。故选D。
考点五 表示原因、目的、让步、替代介词(短语)
1. 表原因
because of + 名词/代词(因为)
He was late because of the heavy rain.
thanks to 多亏,由于
for 因为(常见搭配:be famous for, thank you for…)
2. 表目的
to 为了
come to help
for 为了
a gift for you
3. 表让步(虽然、尽管)
in spite of 尽管
He went out in spite of the rain.
4. 表替代
instead of 代替,而不是
I will go instead of you.
考点六 表示“除了……”的介词
1. except
除了……之外(不包含),从整体里去掉
We go to school every day except Sunday.
2. besides
除了……之外还有(包含)
I can speak French besides English.
(除了英语,我还会法语 → 都会)
3. except for
除了……之外,对整体进行修正
The composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.
1.(2025·黑龙江绥化·一模)All the students have gone to the science museum ________ Tom. Because he is ill.
A.except B.expect C.besides
【答案】A
【解析】句意:所有学生都去科学博物馆了,除了汤姆。因为他生病了。
考查词汇辨析。except除了,表示排除;expect期待;besides除了……还有。根据题干“Because he is ill”可知汤姆未去,需用排除意义的except。故选A。
2.(2025·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)—How is your journey to England?
—Everything is OK ________ food. Maybe we aren’t used to their food.
A.against B.except C.with D.above
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你的英国之旅怎么样?——除了食物,一切都很好。也许我们不习惯他们的食物。
考查介词辨析。against反对;except除了;with有,和;above在……上方。根据“Maybe we aren’t used to their food”可知,此处表示“除了食物”,用except符合语境。故选B。
一、单项选择
1.The new bookstore is ________ the old cinema, so you can cross the pedestrian bridge and you will see it right next to the bus stop.
A.opposite B.next C.beside D.behind
【答案】A
【解析】句意:新书店在旧电影院的对面,所以你可以穿过人行天桥,然后就会看到它就在公交车站旁边。
考查方位介词辨析。opposite在……对面;next下一个;beside在……旁边;behind在……后面。根据“so you can cross the pedestrian bridge and you will see it right next to the bus stop”可知需要穿过天桥才能到达,说明书店与电影院不在同侧,应是在对面。故选A。
2.We all went to see the film ________ Tom. What a pity it is for him to miss it!
A.beside B.besides C.except D.except for
【答案】C
【解析】句意:除了汤姆,我们都去看电影了。他错过这部电影真可惜!
考查介词以及介词短语辨析。beside在……旁边;besides除了……还有(包括);except除了……(不包括);except for除了……(整体肯定,局部修正)。根据“What a pity it is for him to miss it!”可知,汤姆没去,应排除在外,C项符合。故选C。
3.—I joined the English club ________ May, 2023. What about you?
—I’ve been a member of the club ________ 3 years ago.
A.in, for B.on, since C.on, for D.in, since
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我是在2023年5月加入英语俱乐部的。你呢?——我成为这个俱乐部的成员是从三年前开始的。
考查介词辨析和连词用法。in用于年、月等较长时间;on用于具体某一天;for表示一段时间;since表示“自从”,后接时间点,如since 3 years ago。第一空后May, 2023表示月份,应用介词in;第二空后3 years ago是过去的时间点,与现在完成时连用需用since,表示“自……以来”。故选D。
4.The Shenzhou-21 manned spaceship lifted off ________ October 31, 2025.
A.at B.on C.in D.for
【答案】B
【解析】句意:神舟二十一号载人飞船于2025年10月31日发射升空。
考查时间介词辨析。at在(具体时刻);on在(具体某一天或日期);in 在(年、月、季节等较长时段);for持续(一段时间)。空格后为具体日期“October 31, 2025”,表示具体某一天,应用介词on。故选B。
5.We celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival ________ September or October.
A.at B.on C.to D.in
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我们在九月或十月庆祝中秋节。
考查时间介词辨析。at用于具体时刻;on用于具体某一天或特定日期;to表示方向或时间“到”;in用于月份、季节、年份等较长的时间段。句中“September or October”是月份,应用介词in。故选D。
6.My father usually goes to work ______ bike, but he went to work ______ foot today because his bike was broken.
A.by; on B.on; by C.by; by D.on; on
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我父亲通常骑自行车去上班,但今天他步行去上班,因为他的自行车坏了。
考查介词短语的固定搭配。英语中,表示交通方式时,“骑自行车”用“by bike”,“步行”用“on foot”。根据句意,前半句“usually goes to work…bike”需填“by”表示骑自行车;后半句“went to work…foot”需填“on”表示步行。故选A。
7.My mom always wakes me up ________ 6:15 a.m. to make sure I have enough time to have breakfast before school.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我妈妈总是在早上6:15叫醒我,以确保我有足够的时间在学校前吃早餐。
考查介词的用法。in在……,后常接年份、月份等;on在……,用于具体日期或日子;at在……,用于具体时间点;for为了,表示目的或持续时间。本题中“6:15 a.m.”是具体时间点,因此用介词at。故选C。
8.Yang Zhenning’s life was a legend, showing how one person can shape the future ________ knowledge and hard work.
A.against B.over C.through D.without
【答案】C
【解析】句意:杨振宁的生活是一个传奇,展示了一个人如何通过知识和努力工作来塑造未来。
考查介词辨析。against反对;over在……上方;through通过;without没有。根据“shape the future ... knowledge and hard work”可知,通过知识和努力来塑造未来。故选C。
9.You shouldn’t point ________ others with chopsticks while you’re ________ table.
A.on; on B.at; on C.at; at D.on; at
【答案】C
【解析】句意:吃饭的时候你不应该用筷子指着别人。
考查介词辨析。根据“point ... others”和“table”可知,point at“指向;指着”;at table“在吃饭”。故选C。
10.We stood ________ the big tree and watched the sun rise over the eastern mountains.
A.beside B.below C.on top of D.through
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们站在大树旁,看着太阳从东边的山上升起。
考查介词辨析。beside在……旁边;below在……下方;on top of在……顶部;through穿过。根据“We stood...the big tree and watched the sun rise over the eastern mountains.”可知,此处描述的是人们站在大树的某个位置观看日出,结合常识,人们通常是站在大树旁边观看日出,因此,A选项“beside”最符合语境。故选A。
二、完成句子
11.我通过小组学习来学英语。
I learn English with a group.
【答案】 by studying
【解析】根据所给汉语意思可知,空缺处应该填的是“通过学习”,“通过”用介词by,后面接动名词作宾语;“学习”是study,其动名词形式是studying。故填by;studying。
12.使用公筷夹菜是一种良好的餐桌礼仪。
It is good manners to pick up food serving chopsticks.
【答案】 table with/using
【解析】“餐桌礼仪”table manners,“使用”use,动词,在句中作状语,所以用现在分词using;或可以用介词with表示“使用”。故填table;with/using。
13.在二十世纪三十年代,“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平出生于北京。
Yuan Longping, Father of hybrid rice, was born in Beijing .
【答案】 in the 1930s/1930’s
【解析】结合中英文提示可知,此处缺的是“在二十世纪三十年代”,英语表达多少世纪多少年代的结构是“in the+多少世纪+多少年代+s/’s”,所以此处可以表达为in the 1930s/1930’s,故填in the 1930s/1930’s。
14.我们可以通过看英文电影来提高英语发音。
We can improve our English pronunciation English movies.
【答案】by watching
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空缺部分是“通过”和“看”,by“通过”,方式介词;watch“看”,动词原形,此处应用其动名词watching作介词by的宾语。故填by watching。
15.我通过查字典来理解这个单词的意思。(完成译句)
I understand the meaning of this word by it in the dictionary.
【答案】 looking up
【解析】对照中英文可知,缺少“查”,用动词短语look up,位于介词“by”后,动词用动名词形式。look的动名词为looking。故填looking;up。
三、翻译
16.在农历中,中秋节是在八月十五。
【答案】In the lunar calendar, the Mid-Autumn Festival is on August 15.
【解析】根据句意可知,In the lunar calendar“在农历中”,表示时间背景,介词短语作状语;the Mid-Autumn Festival“中秋节”,主语;is系动词,表示具体的日期或时间;on August 15 “在八月十五”,表示具体日期,故填In the lunar calendar, the Mid-Autumn Festival is on August 15.
17.凭借刻苦学习,他在化学上取得了进步。
.
【答案】Through hard work, he makes progress in chemistry
【解析】通过“through”表示“凭借”,为介词,后加名词短语“hard work”表示“刻苦学习”;“he”表示“他”,作主语;“make progress in sth.”表示“在……方面取得进步”;时态为一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词“make”用三单“makes”;“chemistry”表示“化学”。故填Through hard work, he makes progress in chemistry。
18.艺术家们通过充分利用不同的中国艺术形式使故事生动。
【答案】Artists bring the stories to life by making full use of different forms of Chinese art.
【解析】根据汉语提示可知,这是一个简单句。“艺术家们”译为Artists,作句子主语;“通过充分利用不同的中国艺术形式”译为by making full use of different forms of Chinese art,作方式状语,by后接动名词短语表方式;“使故事生动”译为bring the stories to life;句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语Artists为复数,谓语动词用原形,故填Artists bring the stories to life by making full use of different forms of Chinese art.
19.祝贺你获得一等奖。 (win)
【答案】Congratulations to you on winning the first prize.
【解析】祝贺某人某事,因某事祝贺某人:congratulations to sb on doing sth;获得:win;一等奖:the first prize。结合语境可知,句子为陈述句肯定形式,介词to后接人称代词宾格,you宾格,介词on后接动名词,强调原因,win the first prize表示“获得一等奖”,winning为动词win的动名词。故填Congratulations to you on winning the first prize.
20.在一个晴朗的下午,我们搭乘直飞航班去了北京。
【答案】On a sunny afternoon , we took a direct flight to Beijing./On a sunny afternoon, we went to Beijing by taking a direct flight.
【解析】在一个晴朗的下午:on a sunny afternoon,具体的下午前面用介词on,位于句首首字母需要大写;我们:we;搭乘直飞航班:take a direct flight/by taking a direct flight;去了北京:to Beijing/go to Beijing。根据“去了北京”可知句子时态为一般过去时,故填On a sunny afternoon, we took a direct flight to Beijing./On a sunny afternoon, we went to Beijing by taking a direct flight.
21.(2025北京朝阳二模)
请介绍你参加的环保活动(提示:用介词短语描述时间、地点、方式)
参考范文片段:
Last spring, I took part in a tree-planting activity with my classmates in a park. We dug holes with shovels and watered the trees after planting them. Thanks to this activity, the park became greener.
解析:运用“take part in(参与)、with(伴随/工具)、in(地点)、after(时间)、thanks to(原因)”等介词(短语),清晰描述活动细节,符合书面表达评分要求。
技巧:根据写作场景,提前储备话题相关介词短语,避免重复使用单一介词。
22.(2023·北京·)同学们参加过各种各样的社团,如篮球队、合唱团等。
假设你是李华。请你用英语写一篇短文给学校英文网站投稿,介绍一个你参加过的社团,谈谈这个社团的活动内容以及你的收获。
提示词语:take part in, practice, skill, benefit, progress
提示问题:What club did you join?
What did you do in the club?
What have you learned from the experience?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
I have been in the basketball club for three years. We used to practice from Monday to Friday, and on the weekend, we played games with other teams. During the three years, my skill of playing basketball improved a lot. And I also made a lot of friends. Playing basketball not only helps me keep fit, but also helps me understand the importance of teamwork. I will keep playing and try to be good at it.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇材料作文;
②时态:时态以“一般过去时”为主;
③提示:写作要点已给出,考生应注意不要遗漏所给提示问题涉及的关键信息,写短文谈谈自己参加过的社团、这个社团的活动内容及你考生的收获。
[写作步骤]
第一步,开篇点明参加了什么社团;
第二步,介绍社团中的活动;
第三步,谈谈从社团活动中学到了什么。
[亮点词汇]
①used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
②on the weekend 在周末
③not only ... but also ... 不仅……而且……
④be good at 擅长
[高分句型]
We used to practice from Monday to Friday, and on the weekend, we played games with other teams.(and连接表等同关系的并列句)
23.(2025·北京房山·一模)你校英语公众号正在开展“劳动点亮生活”为主题的征稿活动。假如你是李华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿,谈谈你在家或是学校参加过哪些劳动以及你的收获。
提示词语:housework, tidy, clean, meaningful
提示问题:What chores or school labor (劳动) activities did you do?
What have you learned from those experiences?
Labor Brightens Life
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Labor Brightens Life
At home, I often tidy my room and help cook meals. At school, I join cleaning activities like sweeping classrooms or planting trees. Through these tasks, I’ve learned responsibility and teamwork. For example, cooking taught me patience, and gardening made me appreciate nature. Labor is tiring but meaningful—it turns small efforts into big achievements!
【详解】[总体分析]
① 题材:本文是一篇材料作文;
② 时态:时态以“一般现在时”为主;
③ 提示:写作要点已给出,考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中每一项内容,适当添加细节,并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步,介绍自己在家做的家务和学校参与的劳动活动;
第二步,介绍自己的收获。
[亮点词汇]
①cook meals做饭
②like doing sth.喜欢做某事
③make sb. do sth.让某人做某事
[高分句型]
For example, cooking taught me patience, and gardening made me appreciate nature. (动名词作主语和并列结构)
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专题03 介词(短语)及其在读写中的运用
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 2
03 考点通关·靶向突破 3
★ 考点一 时间介词 3
★ 考点二 地点方位介词 4
考点三 方式介词 6
★ 考点四 表示伴随的介词 7
考点五 原因、目的、让步、替代 9
★ 考点六 “除了……” 10
04 优题精选·练能提分 11
考点
课标要求
复习目标
时间介词
· 掌握常用介词的基本用法
· 理解并运用常用介词短语
· 在语篇中准确判断介词(短语)的语义及逻辑关系
· 在书面表达中规范、灵活运用介词(短语),提升表达准确性和丰富性
1. 牢记核心介词(短语)的基本用法和搭配;
2. 能在不同语境中准确选择和运用介词(短语);
3. 提升读写中对介词(短语)的敏感度,避免常见错误;
4. 运用介词(短语)优化书面表达,增强逻辑性和规范性。
地点方位介词
方式介词
表示伴随的介词
表示原因、目的、让步或替代的介词(短语)
表示“除了...”的介词
易混介词辨析
· 掌握易混介词(时间、地点方位、“除了”)的区别
命题预测
1.核心素养导向:更注重考查介词(短语)在真实语境中的运用,体现“语言运用”核心素养,减少孤立语法考点考查;
2.读写融合趋势:阅读中可能通过介词(短语)设置细节理解、逻辑推理题;书面表达中,介词(短语)的规范运用将成为评分要点,尤其在话题作文(如活动介绍、经历分享)中,描述时间、地点、方式等场景时高频考查;
3.短语化倾向:常用介词短语(如take part in, look forward to, in order to等)的考查频率将持续上升。
解题锦囊
锦囊1:完形填空
先判断语境逻辑(时间、地点、方式、因果等),再结合介词(短语)固定搭配排除错误选项,避免仅凭翻译选择。
锦囊2:阅读理解
利用介词(短语)定位关键信息(如时间介词on/in/at对应文中时间节点),通过逻辑介词(如but, so, because of)把握句间关系。
锦囊3:书面表达
牢记“场景匹配”原则——时间用in/on/at,方式用by/with,原因用because of,目的用in order to,同时积累话题相关介词短语(如环保话题用sort...into, reduce...from)。
考点一 时间介词
1. in
用于:年、月、季节、世纪、泛指的上午/下午/晚上
结构:
in 2025
in March
in spring
in the 21st century
in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening
2. on
用于:具体某一天、星期几、节日、具体某天的早中晚
结构:
on Monday
on June 1st
on Teachers’ Day
on Sunday morning
3. at
用于:具体时刻、点钟、noon、night、midnight
结构:
at 6:00
at noon
at night
at the moment
例句:He gets up at six every morning.
4. 其他常用时间介词
before 在……之前
after 在……之后
since 自从(常与现在完成时连用)
for 长达……(接一段时间)
from…to… 从……到……
1.(2024·北京·)The Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon ________ June 2, 2024.
A.at B.on C.to D.in
2.(2023·北京·)It’s a good idea to visit Beijing ________ October.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
3.(2022·北京·)We have history class ________ three o’clock every Friday afternoon.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
4. The activity will be held __________June 12th.(2025北京东城二模)
5. It will start __________ 10 o’clock __________Saturday morning.(2022北京东城模拟)
考点二 地点方位介词
1. in
在……里面(大地点、范围里)
in the room
in China
in the box
2. on
在……上面(有接触面)
on the desk
on the wall
3. at
在……点/小地点
at the bus stop
at the door
4. 方位类
under 在……正下方
over 在……正上方
above 在……上方(不垂直)
below 在……下方(不垂直)
beside / next to 在……旁边
near 在……附近
behind 在……后面
in front of 在……(外部)前面
in the front of 在……(内部)前面
between 在两者之间
among 在三者/多者之间
inside 在里面
outside 在外面
1.单项选择(2025·北京改编)
The New Year party was usually held ____1____ my aunt’s house and my favorite part was the apple cake.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
2.单词拼写(2025·山东日照·)Look! Black smoke is rising a the burning building.
3.单词拼写(2025·四川凉山·)The little girl in a red hat is walking t the forest with a small basket for her grandma.
考点三 方式介词
1. by
by + 交通工具(不加冠词)
by bus / by bike / by car / by plane
by + 方法/手段
by working hard
by listening to tapes
2. in
in + 语言/声音/颜色/材料
in English
in a low voice
3. with
用……工具/身体部位
write with a pen
see with our eyes
4. on
通过……(通讯、媒介)
on the phone
on TV
on the Internet
【易错提醒】
介词后接动词时,需用动名词形式(如look forward to doing, be used to doing)
一、单项选择
1.(2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)My father often goes to work ________ bike, but sometimes he goes ________ foot.
A.by; by B.on; on C.by; on D.on; by
2.(2025·福建泉州·模拟预测)Miss Lee is a kind teacher. She always encourages us ________ warm words.
A.for B.with C.about
3.(2025·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模)—Why was the American tourist surprised at the popularity of mobile payment in China?
—Because people prefer to buy things ________ paper money in his country.
A.by B.with C.for
考点四 表示伴随的介词
一、with
1. 基本用法
with 是初中表示“伴随”最核心的介词,后面接名词或代词,不接句子:
(1)表示“和……一起”(强调与人/物共同行动)
结构:主语 + 动作 + with + 人/物
易错点:区分 with 和 and(and 是连词,连接两个并列主语,with 是介词,后面的成分不影响谓语单复数)
例句:① I often go to school with my best friend.(我经常和我最好的朋友一起去上学。)—— 伴随“上学”这个动作,“朋友”同时存在
② She will watch a movie with her sister this weekend.(这个周末她将和她的妹妹一起看电影。)
易错辨析:My mother and I cook dinner.(and 连接主语,谓语用复数);My mother cooks dinner with me.(with 接宾语,谓语随前面的主语 my mother,用单数)
(2)表示“带有、具有”(强调人/物自带的特征、属性)
结构:名词 + with + 名词(特征/属性)
例句:① There is a big tree with green leaves in our school.(我们学校里有一棵长着绿叶的大树。)—— 大树“带有”绿叶的特征
② The girl with long hair is my classmate.(那个留着长发的女孩是我的同学。)—— 女孩“具有”长发的特征
(3)表示“伴随某种状态/工具”(强调动作发生时,伴随的状态或使用的工具)
结构:动作 + with + 状态/工具(名词)
例句:① He finished his homework with great care.(他认真地完成了作业。)—— 伴随“完成作业”的动作,状态是“认真”
② We write with pens.(我们用笔写字。)—— 伴随“写字”的动作,使用的工具是“笔”(注意:with 接工具,by 接交通工具/方法,别混淆)
2. 易错点总结
① with 不能接句子,后面只能接名词/代词(错误:He went out with it was raining. 正确:He went out with rain. 或 He went out because it was raining.)
② 主谓一致:with 连接的成分不影响前面主语的单复数
二、along with
1. 基本用法:表示“和……一起”,用法和 with 第一种用法完全一致,语气更委婉,后面同样接名词/代词,不接句子。
2. 结构:主语 + 动作 + along with + 人/物
3. 例句:① Tom, along with his parents, will go to the park tomorrow.(汤姆将和他的父母一起去公园。)
② She sang a song along with the music.(她跟着音乐唱了一首歌。)
4. 易错点:along with 连接的成分,同样不影响主语的单复数(如例句①,谓语随 Tom,用单数 will go)
三、together with
1. 基本用法:表示“和……一起”,侧重“共同、一起”的含义,用法和 with、along with 一致,可互换。
2. 例句:① We worked together with our teachers to finish the task.(我们和老师一起努力完成了任务。)
② My brother together with his friends often plays basketball after school.(我哥哥和他的朋友们经常放学后打篮球。)
1.(2025·上海青浦·二模)In Chenghuang Miao area, there is a lake ________ a pavilion in its middle.
A.by B.for C.with D.outside
2.(2025·安徽滁州·一模)Alice’s head teacher praised her ________ making great progress in her subjects this term.
A.with B.as C.by D.for
考点五 表示原因、目的、让步、替代介词(短语)
1. 表原因
because of + 名词/代词(因为)
He was late because of the heavy rain.
thanks to 多亏,由于
for 因为(常见搭配:be famous for, thank you for…)
2. 表目的
to 为了
come to help
for 为了
a gift for you
3. 表让步(虽然、尽管)
in spite of 尽管
He went out in spite of the rain.
4. 表替代
instead of 代替,而不是
I will go instead of you.
考点六 表示“除了……”的介词
1. except
除了……之外(不包含),从整体里去掉
We go to school every day except Sunday.
2. besides
除了……之外还有(包含)
I can speak French besides English.
(除了英语,我还会法语 → 都会)
3. except for
除了……之外,对整体进行修正
The composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.
1.(2025·黑龙江绥化·一模)All the students have gone to the science museum ________ Tom. Because he is ill.
A.except B.expect C.besides
2.(2025·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)—How is your journey to England?
—Everything is OK ________ food. Maybe we aren’t used to their food.
A.against B.except C.with D.above
一、单项选择
1.The new bookstore is ________ the old cinema, so you can cross the pedestrian bridge and you will see it right next to the bus stop.
A.opposite B.next C.beside D.behind
2.We all went to see the film ________ Tom. What a pity it is for him to miss it!
A.beside B.besides C.except D.except for
3.—I joined the English club ________ May, 2023. What about you?
—I’ve been a member of the club ________ 3 years ago.
A.in, for B.on, since C.on, for D.in, since
4.The Shenzhou-21 manned spaceship lifted off ________ October 31, 2025.
A.at B.on C.in D.for
5.We celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival ________ September or October.
A.at B.on C.to D.in
6.My father usually goes to work ______ bike, but he went to work ______ foot today because his bike was broken.
A.by; on B.on; by C.by; by D.on; on
7.My mom always wakes me up ________ 6:15 a.m. to make sure I have enough time to have breakfast before school.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
8.Yang Zhenning’s life was a legend, showing how one person can shape the future ________ knowledge and hard work.
A.against B.over C.through D.without
9.You shouldn’t point ________ others with chopsticks while you’re ________ table.
A.on; on B.at; on C.at; at D.on; at
10.We stood ________ the big tree and watched the sun rise over the eastern mountains.
A.beside B.below C.on top of D.through
二、完成句子
11.我通过小组学习来学英语。
I learn English with a group.
12.使用公筷夹菜是一种良好的餐桌礼仪。
It is good manners to pick up food serving chopsticks.
13.在二十世纪三十年代,“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平出生于北京。
Yuan Longping, Father of hybrid rice, was born in Beijing .
14.我们可以通过看英文电影来提高英语发音。
We can improve our English pronunciation English movies.
15.我通过查字典来理解这个单词的意思。(完成译句)
I understand the meaning of this word by it in the dictionary.
三、翻译
16.在农历中,中秋节是在八月十五。
17.凭借刻苦学习,他在化学上取得了进步。
.
18.艺术家们通过充分利用不同的中国艺术形式使故事生动。
19.祝贺你获得一等奖。 (win)
20.在一个晴朗的下午,我们搭乘直飞航班去了北京。
21.(2025北京朝阳二模)
请介绍你参加的环保活动(提示:用介词短语描述时间、地点、方式)
22.(2023·北京·)同学们参加过各种各样的社团,如篮球队、合唱团等。
假设你是李华。请你用英语写一篇短文给学校英文网站投稿,介绍一个你参加过的社团,谈谈这个社团的活动内容以及你的收获。
提示词语:take part in, practice, skill, benefit, progress
提示问题:What club did you join?
What did you do in the club?
What have you learned from the experience?
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23.(2025·北京房山·一模)你校英语公众号正在开展“劳动点亮生活”为主题的征稿活动。假如你是李华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿,谈谈你在家或是学校参加过哪些劳动以及你的收获。
提示词语:housework, tidy, clean, meaningful
提示问题:What chores or school labor (劳动) activities did you do?
What have you learned from those experiences?
Labor Brightens Life
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