Unit3 Environmental Protection 基础知识导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit3 Environmental Protection. 单元基础知识增补 Arthur English Research Centre Ⅰ. 重点词汇 1.release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布 release greenhouse gases 排放温室气体 release a policy 发布政策 The factory was criticized for releasing harmful gases into the air. 这家工厂因向空气中排放有害气体而受到批评。 即时练习 (1) The company promised __________ (release) less polluted water into the river. (2) 我们应该减少向大气中排放二氧化碳。(汉译英) We should reduce the __________ of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 2.trend n．趋势；趋向；动向 environmental trend 环保趋势 follow the trend 顺应趋势 There is a growing trend of living a low-carbon life in modern society. 现代社会出现了低碳生活的日益增长的趋势。 即时练习 (1) The __________ of environmental protection is becoming more and more obvious. (2) 我们应该顺应可持续发展的趋势。(汉译英) We should follow the __________ of sustainable development. 3.seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制 seize the opportunity 抓住机会 We must seize the chance to protect the endangered animals. 我们必须抓住机会保护濒危动物。 即时练习 (1) It is vital for us __________ (seize) every opportunity to advocate environmental protection. (2) 我们应该抓住机遇推动生态保护。(汉译英) We should __________ the opportunity to promote ecological protection. 4.undergo vt.(underwent，undergone) 经历；经受 (变化、不快等) undergo great changes 经历巨大变化 The small village has undergone great changes in the past decade. 这个小村庄在过去十年里经历了巨大变化。 即时练习 (1) The area __________ (undergo) a lot of natural disasters last year. (2) 这座城市经历了一场彻底的生态修复。(汉译英) The city has __________ a complete ecological restoration. 5.fine vt. 对…… 处以罚款 fine sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事处罚某人 The factory will be fined if it pours waste water into the lake. 如果这家工厂向湖里排放废水，将会被罚款。 即时练习 (1) Anyone who litters in public will __________ (fine) by the police. (2) 他因随意砍伐树木被罚款。(汉译英) He was __________ for cutting down trees casually. 6.habitat n．栖息地；(动植物的) 生活环境 natural habitat 自然栖息地 Deforestation has destroyed the natural habitat of many wild animals. 森林砍伐破坏了许多野生动物的自然栖息地。 即时练习 (1) It is our duty to protect the __________ of wild creatures. (2) 我们必须保护动植物的自然栖息地。(汉译英) We must protect the natural __________ of animals and plants. 7.sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的 sustainable development 可持续发展 We should try our best to achieve sustainable economic development. 我们应该尽力实现经济的可持续发展。 即时练习 (1) We must stick to the path of __________ (sustain) development. (2) 可持续发展对人类未来至关重要。(汉译英) __________ development is vital to the future of human beings. 8.restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚→restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束 restrict the use of plastics 限制塑料使用 We should restrict the use of plastic bags to protect the environment. 我们应该限制塑料袋的使用以保护环境。 即时练习 (1) The local government has made some __________ (restrict) on air pollution. (2) 我们必须限制私家车的过度使用。(汉译英) We must __________ the overuse of private cars. 9.restore vt. 恢复；使复原；修复→restoration n．恢复；修复；复原 restore the ecosystem 恢复生态系统 They are working hard to restore the polluted river to its original state. 他们正努力将被污染的河流恢复原状。 即时练习 (1) The project aims at the __________ (restore) of the local ecosystem. (2) 我们需要修复被破坏的自然环境。(汉译英) We need to __________ the damaged natural environment. 10.conservation n．(对环境、文物等) 保护；保持 wildlife conservation 野生动物保护 Wildlife conservation plays an important role in keeping ecological balance. 野生动物保护在维持生态平衡中起着重要作用。 即时练习 (1) __________ (conserve) of water resources is very important for all living things. (2) 我们必须致力于自然资源的保护。(汉译英) We must devote ourselves to the __________ of natural resources. 11.regulation n．章程；规章制度→regulate v．调节，控制；约束，管理 environmental regulations 环保规章制度 Everyone must obey the environmental protection regulations. 每个人都必须遵守环保规章制度。 即时练习 (1) The new __________ (regulate) will come into force next month. (2) 政府应该规范工业废弃物的处理。(汉译英) The government should __________ the disposal of industrial waste. 12.disposal n．去掉；清除；处理 waste disposal 废物处理 The proper disposal of rubbish is an important part of environmental protection. 垃圾的妥善处理是环保的重要组成部分。 即时练习 (1) The __________ (dispose) of medical waste needs special attention. (2) 我们应该学会合理处理生活垃圾。(汉译英) We should learn the proper __________ of household waste. 13.inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt. 检查；视察；检阅 water quality inspection 水质检查 Regular inspection of the equipment can prevent environmental accidents. 定期检查设备可以预防环境事故。 即时练习 (1) The __________ (inspect) of the water quality is carried out every month. (2) 工作人员定期检查污水处理系统。(汉译英) The workers __________ the sewage treatment system regularly. Ⅰ. 重点词汇 参考答案 1.(1) to release (2) release 2.(1) trend (2) trend 3.(1) to seize (2) seize 4.(1) underwent (2) undergone 5.(1) be fined (2) fined 6.(1) habitat (2) habitat 7.(1) sustainable (2) Sustainable 8.(1) restrictions (2) restrict 9.(1) restoration (2) restore 10.(1) Conservation (2) conservation 11.(1) regulation (2) regulate 12.(1) disposal (2) disposal 13.(1) inspection (2) inspect Ⅱ. 重点短语 1.on behalf of 代表 (代替) 某人 I am speaking on behalf of all the environmental volunteers. 我代表所有环保志愿者发言。 即时练习 (1) I would like to express thanks __________ __________ __________ my family. (2) 他代表公司参加了环保会议。(汉译英) He attended the environmental meeting __________ __________ __________ his company. 2.take measures 采取措施（注意：measures 用复数形式） The government should take measures to reduce air pollution immediately. 政府应立即采取措施减少空气污染。 即时练习 (1) We should __________ __________ to stop the spread of pollution. (2) 我们必须采取措施节约能源。(汉译英) We must __________ __________ to save energy. 3.a number of 许多（注意：其后名词用复数形式，谓语动词同样用复数形式） A number of volunteers have joined in the beach cleaning activity. 许多志愿者加入了海滩清理活动。 即时练习 (1) __________ __________ __________ people have realized the importance of environmental protection. (2) 公园里有许多珍稀的植物。(汉译英) There are __________ __________ __________ rare plants in the park. Ⅱ. 重点短语 参考答案 1.(1) on behalf of (2) on behalf of 2.(1) take measures (2) take measures 3.(1) A number of (2) a number of Ⅲ. 重点句型 1.Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.专家声称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，因此它不得不走更远的距离去寻找食物。 过去分词短语作后置定语 结构：名词 + 过去分词短语（作后置定语） 【高考用法】过去分词短语作定语，表被动或完成，相当于定语从句 which/that be done。 即时练习 (1) The problem __________ (cause) by pollution is very serious. (2) 人类活动造成的破坏正在威胁地球生态。(汉译英) The damage __________ __________ human activities is threatening the earth’s ecology. (3) 政府出台的政策有助于改善环境。(汉译英) The policies __________ __________ the government are helpful to improve the environment. 2.The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. “天然” 温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。 that 引导的同位语从句 结构：抽象名词（fact, news, idea, hope, truth‌, evidence, ‌belief‌, opinion‌, thought‌, doubt‌等）+ that + 从句 【高考用法】that 只起连接作用，不充当成分，不可省略，从句解释说明前面名词的具体内容。 即时练习 (1) I have no idea __________ he will give up his environmental plan. (2) 我们应该接受这个事实 —— 保护环境刻不容缓。(汉译英) We should accept the fact __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ at once. (3) 他提出了一个建议，我们应该减少塑料使用。(汉译英) He put forward a suggestion __________ __________ __________ __________ plastic use. Ⅲ. 重点句型 参考答案 1.(1) caused (2) caused by (3) released by 2.(1) that (2) that we should protect the environment (3) that we should reduce 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $