内容正文:
2026最新外研版英语八年级下册Units 3-4知识点总结
作者:邓华
Unit 3 What makes a great team?
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一. 重点短语
the power of... .....的力量
thank sb for (doing) sth感谢某人(做)某事
make sb sth任命/委派某人为.....
give out分发;变得无力;发出;产生
go with sb sth同意;接受
go camping去露营
make sure确保;务必
work out解决;想出;计算出
in times of 在某一时期
the roof of ... ......之顶(巅)
make every effort尽一切努力
within reach (of sb) 在(某人)伸手可及的地方
take sb / sth away拿走......;带走.....;使......消失
too...to...太......以至于......
carry on继续走;继续行进;从事某事
take responsibility for对......负责
what`s more而且
base camp大本营
二. 重点句型
1. Thank you for making me director of our drama, Snow White.感谢您让我成为我们的戏剧《白雪公主》的导演。
2. It is a great honour for me.这对我来说是莫大的荣幸。
3. But a problem appeared during the very first task-giving out the roles.但是在第一项任务中就出现了一个问题——分配角色。
4. Some of the team thought Mary was better. The others went with Lisa.团队中有些人认为Mary更好。
另一些人支持Lisa。
5. But l just froze.但我只是僵在那里。
6. What if I hurt Lisa's feelings?如果我错了怎么办?如果我伤害了Lisa的感情怎么办?
7. "I'm out!" she shouted and stormed off.我退出"她叫喊着,怒气冲冲地离开了。
8. So the leader should take responsibility in times of disagreement. 所以,在意见不合的时候,领导者
应该承担起责任。
9.The top of Mount Qomolangma seemed right within reach. 珠穆朗玛峰的峰顶似乎近在咫尺。
10.The thin air took his strength away.稀薄的空气耗尽了他的力气。
11. But Liu was too tired to keep going. 但刘已经太累了,无法继续前进。
12. The team were worried, but they had to carry on.团队成员们很担心,但他们不得不继续行进。
13. It was dangerous to limb without oxygen, but they knew Liu needed it.没有氧气的情况下攀登是很
危险的,但他们知道刘(连满)需要它。
14. What`s more, no one had done so without using oxygen!而且,没有人在不使用氧气的情况下做到
过这一点!
15. He did not reach the top, but he shouldered his team into China's mountaineering history,他没有到达
峰顶但他用自己的力量托起整个团队,让他们的壮举载入中国登山史册。
三.语法要点
情态动词(1)Modals (Ⅰ)
1.基本概念
情态动词是表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法。情态动词所表示的情态有:命令、允诺、义务、可能、需要、怀疑、愿望、猜测等。常见的情态动词有should,must,can, need, have to, had better, could, may, might, shall, will, would, ought to, dare等。
2.基本用法
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪,情态动词本身有一定的含义,但其词义不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须加上动词原形一起才能构成谓语。情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化(have to 除外),后面接的动词必须用原形,否定式是在情态动词后面加not,有些情态动词有过去式。
含情态动词句型基本结构
1). 陈述句:主语+情态动词+ 动词原形
We should study hard.
2). 一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+ 动词原形
Can you help me?
3). 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形
What should I do?
常见情态动词的用法:
1). should
情态动词should 表示建议或劝告,意为“应当”,用以表达职责和义务、提出劝告,而且表述的是自己的主观看法,其后接动词原形。可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。否定形式should not (缩写成shouldn't )表示“不应”的意思。例如:
You should listen to the doctor's advice.你应当听从医生的建议。
You shouldn't eat too much junk food if you want to stay healthy.如果你想保持健康,就不应该吃太多垃圾食品。
③ If you did something wrong, you should say sorry, 如果是你做错了什么,你应该道歉。
We shouldn't judge a book by its cover.我们不应该以貌取人。
2). must
must意为“必须,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。否定形式must not (mustn')表示“不应该”或"禁
止”的意思。例如: She must learn to manage her time better 她必须学会更好地管理自己的时间。
You mustn't talk loudly in the library.图书馆内禁止大声喧哗。
3). can
can意为“请求允许"和“给予许可”可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。否定形式cannot (can't)表示“不
能,不可以,语气弱于must not (mustn't)。例如:
When you get to know each other better or when they ask you to, you can just use their first names.当你
们更加熟悉或他们请你(这样做)时,你就可以只称呼他们的名字了。
You can't put the milk in first.你不能先倒入牛奶。(没有禁止的含义)
Can I have a look at your photos?我可以看一下你的照片吗?
注意:这里的can 表示“允许”,而非表示“能力”。
4). could
情态动词 could 也用于提出建议,比 can 语气更为委婉。例如:
A:What should I take with me to the party? 我去参加聚会应该带点什么呢?
B: You could take some fruit or flowers.你可以带些水果或鲜花。
If you want to say sorry, you could call him. 如果你想说声“对不起”,你可以给他打电话。
5). need
need作情态动词时意为“需要”可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。否定形式need not (needn't)比较常
用,表示“不需要"或“不必要。例如:
If she wants anything, she need only ask. 如果她要什么,说一下就行了。
You needn't wait.你不必等待。
注意:need 也可以作行为动词,意思也是“需要”常用于need to do sth结构。例如:
I need to clean the house.我需要把房子打扫一下。
You don't need to leave now. It's still early.你没必要现在就走,时间还早。
6). must, can, need 的一般疑问句的构成及其回答:
-Must I come before 6:30 tomorrow?明天我必须在六点半之前来吗?
-Yes, you must是的,你必须在那之前到。(表示一定要)
-No, you needn't.不,你不必在那之前来。(表示没必要,相当于You don't have to.)
-Can we go home now, please?请问我们现在能回家吗?
-Yes, you can. 可以。(表示允许)
-No, you can't.不行。(表示不允许)
-Need I report it to the police?我要向警方报告这件事吗?
-Yes, you must. 是的,你必须报告。(表示必须做)
-No, you needn't.不,没必要。(表示没必要)
7). have to
have to和must都表示“必须”但must侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;
have to侧重于客观需要,含有“不得不,被迫”之意。例如:
All passengers must wear seat belts. 所有乘客都要系安全带。
My bike was broken yesterday, so I had to walk to school.昨天我的自行车坏了,所以我只能走路去学
校。
用于否定句时,must的否定式must not (mustn't)表示“一定不要,不允许”,而have to的否定式do
not (don't) have to表示“不必”(= needn't)。请比较:
You mustn't tell him about it.你绝对不要告诉他这件事。(可能是秘密)
You don't have to tell him about it.你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了或者没有必要让他知道)
8). had better
had better表示劝告或建议,意为“最好”。例如:
You'd better get some sleep.你最好睡一会儿。
had better 一般不用于疑问句中,但可用于否定句中,其否定形式为 had better not。例如:
You'd better not waste any more of your time. 你最好别再浪费你的时间了。
Unit 4 Helping out
一. 重点短语
go public公开;公之于众
get sb through sth帮助某人渡过(难关/困难时期)
plan to do sth 计划做某事
because of sb/ sth因为某人/某物。
need to do sth需要做某事
afford to负担得起;买得起
have to必须;不得不
give up doing sth放弃做某事
so far到目前为止
reach out to伸出援手;接触;联系
reduce sth to pieces 把某物夷为废墟
make up one's mind下定决心,拿定主意
helping hands援手;援助
sign up to注册;报名
offer sb sth自愿给某人某物
by no means 绝不;一点儿也不
carry out进行;执行;实行;实施
二. 重点句型
1.I'm afraid you'll have to draw a grey butterfly.恐怕你得画一只灰色的蝴蝶了。
2. Well, crayons may car viruses and spread diseases.这是因为,蜡笔可能携带病毒和传播疾病。
3. Word spread fast, and Leah's story went public.消息传得很快,Leah的故事很快为大家所知。
4. It just couldn't afford new crayons for every child.要为每个孩子购买新的蜡笔,医院实在负担不起。
5. But colouring has helped her get through it.但是涂色帮助她熬过了这段痛苦的时期。
6. Leah planed to buy 500 boxes of crayons for the hospital. Leah计划为医院购买五百盒蜡笔。
7. Because of her less, she couldn't do chores for money, either.生病,她也不能通过做家务来赚钱。
8. It might sound impossible, but Leah didn't give up.这也许听起来不太可能,但是Leah并没有放弃。
9. So far, she has collected 2,675 boxes到目前为止,她已经收集了两千六百七十五盒蜡笔。
10. I was shocked to find all the other buildings were reduced to pieces我震惊地发现其他所有建筑都变成了废墟。
11. I was deeply touched by their courage and hard work. So I made up my mind to become one of them.
他们的勇气和努力深深地感动了我。所以,我下定决心成为他们中的一员。
12.The work was by no means easy.这项工作绝非易事。
三. 语法要点
情态动词(2) Modals (Ⅱ)
用于表达表示猜测的情态动词:
1) . may / might
用于表达可能发生或做的事。例如:
Bring a map because you may want to travel around.带张地围,因为你可能想四处转转。
There may be a few showers, so bring an umbrella with you. 可能会有阵雨,所以随身带把伞吧
might与may没有太大的区别,形式上might是may的过去式,但在表示现在或将来的可能情况时,might表示的可能性比may表示的可能性要小一些。例如:
Take your swimming clothes because you might want to go swimming in the sea.带上游泳衣吧,说不定你想到海里游泳呢。
2). can/could
can和could除了表示“能够,可以"等意义之外,还可以表示对现在或将来的推测,意为“会,可能。但can表示推测时,往往用于否定句和疑问句。用于疑问句时,can 比could表示的可能性要大;用于否定句时,cannot (can't)表示“不可能。例如:
You can't be serious!你不是认真的吧
could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。在以下例句中,can和could均表示可能:
He could be in pain.他可能很疼。
That could be harmful!那可能有害!
Can / Could this be true?这有可能是真的吗?
3). must
情态动词must也可以表示猜测,意为“一定,肯定”通常只用于肯定句。例如:
Betty, you must know! Betty,你肯定知道!
-- Who sent the present? Can it be your brother?是谁送来的礼物啊?会是你哥哥吗?(询问可能性)
-- lt must be your brother. I saw him in your room just now.肯定是你哥哥,我刚才看见他在你的房间里。(语气强烈,表示非常肯定)
-- It can't be my brother. He is still in France.不可能是我哥哥,他还在法国呢。(表示不可能)
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