Unit 2语法专项—— 一般过去时的被动语态课件-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

该初中英语课件系统梳理了八年级下册Unit 2一般过去时被动语态的核心知识，从语态概念、使用场景到核心结构（主语+was/were+过去分词），再到主动变被动四步走及过去分词变化规则，构建“概念-结构-转换-应用”的完整知识网络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过“找宾语-变谓语-加by短语-整句整合”四步走步骤训练逻辑思维，设计句型转换、填空、选择等分层练习提升语言应用能力，易错点提醒助力学习能力发展，有效帮助学生巩固语法，为教师提供精准复习教学支持。

教学课件 外研英语八年级下册 Unit 2语法专项—— 一般过去时的被动语态 全解精讲+分层练习 1 学习目标 1.理解主动语态与被动语态的本质区别，掌握被动语态使用场景 2.熟记一般过去时被动语态的核心结构，能正确使用was/were 3.掌握主动句变被动句的完整步骤，能熟练完成句型转换 4.牢记动词过去分词的变化规则，能正确写出不规则分词形式 5.能在填空、选择、句型转换中灵活运用该语法点解题 语态的基本概念 英语中语态分两种：主动语态、被动语态 语态仅体现主语与谓语动作的关系，不改变句子原意 主动语态：主语是动作的发出者（谁做了动作） 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者（动作作用于谁） 被动语态的核心使用场景 动作发出者不明确，无法/无需说明 例：The street was cleaned early in the morning. 动作发出者不重要，无需突出强调 例：A new library was built in our school last year. 说话人想刻意突出动作的承受者（表达重点） 例：This old photo was taken by my grandfather in 1990. 一般过去时被动语态 核心结构 基础核心结构：主语 + was / were + 动词的过去分词 补充结构：主语 + was / were + 过去分词 + by + 动作发出者 时态限定：用于描述过去发生的被动动作/过去的被动状态 关键：was/were的选择完全由主语的单复数决定 was/were 选择规则 1.主语为单数名词/不可数名词 → 用was 例：The book was lost yesterday. / Water was saved by us. 2.主语为复数名词 → 用were 例：The books were lost yesterday. / The trees were planted. 3.人称代词作主语：I/you → 用were；he/she/it → 用was 例：I was invited to the party. / He was praised by the teacher. by短语的用法与省略原则 by + 动作发出者：置于句末，明确动作是“由谁做的” 用法：by后接人/物的宾格（him/her/them/it）或名词 例：She was helped by Tom. / The desk was moved by us. 省略原则：当动作发出者不明确、不重要时，直接省略by短语 例：The door was opened last night.（无需说明谁开的门） 核心结构 单数主语例句（带解析） 1.My bike was stolen last week.（自行车单数，动作承受者） 2.A letter was sent to me yesterday.（信单数，by短语省略） 3.The window was broken by Tom.（窗户单数，by明确动作发出者） 4.The song was sung by a famous singer.（歌曲单数，突出承受者） 核心结构 复数主语例句（带解析） 1.The trees were planted last spring.（树复数，by短语省略） 2.Many books were bought by my mum.（书复数，by明确动作发出者） 3.The desks were cleaned by students.（桌子复数，突出承受者） 4.Some photos were taken in the park.（照片复数，动作发出者不明确） 主动变被动 核心原则（四不变三变） 四不变 1.时态不变：原句一般过去时，被动句仍为一般过去时 2.句意不变：仅改变表达重点，不改变句子本意 3.时间/地点状语不变：位置可保留，无需改动 4.固定搭配不变：动词的固定短语成分完整保留 三变 1.主宾互换：主动句宾语→被动句主语 2.谓语变形：主动动词→was/were+过去分词 3.主语后置：主动句主语→by的宾语（可省略） 主动变被动 四步走（步骤1：找宾语） 步骤1：精准找出主动句的宾语（动作的直接承受者） 找宾语技巧：先找主动句的谓语动词，再看“动作作用于谁/对着谁” 示例：He bought a new pen in the shop yesterday. → 谓语动词：bought；动作承受者：a new pen（直接宾语） → 被动句主语确定：a new pen 注意：若宾语是人称代词，需用宾格（him/her/them） 主动变被动 四步走（步骤2：变谓语） 步骤2：将主动谓语变为“was/were+过去分词” 1.先确定主动动词的过去分词形式（规则/不规则） 2.根据新主语（原宾语） 的单复数，选择was/were 示例：He bought a new pen in the shop yesterday. → 主动动词：bought（原形buy，过去分词bought） → 新主语a new pen是单数→用was → 被动谓语：was bought 主动变被动 四步走（步骤3：加by短语） 步骤3：将主动句主语变为by的宾语，构成by短语 1.主动句主语是人称代词时，主格变宾格（he→him, we→us） 2.by短语置于被动句句末，紧跟过去分词/状语后 示例：He bought a new pen in the shop yesterday. → 主动句主语：he（主格）→him（宾格） → by短语：by him 注意：无需明确动作发出者时，直接省略该步骤 主动变被动 四步走（步骤4：整句整合） 步骤4：保留原句状语，整合为完整的被动句 将新主语、变后的谓语、状语、by短语按顺序组合 完整示例： 主动：He bought a new pen in the shop yesterday. 被动：A new pen was bought in the shop yesterday by him. 简化：A new pen was bought in the shop yesterday.（省略by短语） 否定句的主动变被动（特殊规则） 1.主动否定句结构：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 宾语 2.被动否定句结构：新主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 过去分词 + 其他 3.关键：didn’t变wasn’t/weren’t，根据新主语单复数选择 示例：Betty's dad didn’t allow her to have a lazy day. → 被动：She wasn’t allowed to have a lazy day by Betty's dad. 动词过去分词规则变化（三类核心） 具体规则 示例（动词→过去分词） 一般动词直接加-ed clean→cleaned；walk→walked 以e结尾的动词直接加-d like→liked；close→closed 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-ed carry→carried；study→studied 重读闭音节结尾：辅+元+辅，双写末尾辅音加-ed stop→stopped；plan→planned 过去分词与过去式规则变化形式一致，可结合记忆 动词过去分词不规则变化（高频必背） 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 take took taken do did done see saw seen write wrote written break broke broken build built built hold held held hide hid hidden 不规则变化拓展必背 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 speak spoke spoken give gave given make made made save saved saved pull pulled pulled discuss discussed discussed water watered watered carry carried carried 小练习1——写出动词的过去分词 请写出下列动词的过去分词形式 1.clean → __________ 2. like → __________ 3.carry → __________ 4. take → __________ 5.do → __________ 6. break → __________ 7.build → __________ 8. write → __________ cleaned liked carried taken done broken built written 主动变被动 典型例题讲解（1） 例题：The teacher praised him for his progress.（主动） 解析步骤： 1.找宾语：him（动作承受者）→ 被动主语：He 2.变谓语：praised→praised（过去分词），He单数→was praised 3.加by短语：the teacher（主动主语）→by the teacher 4.整合：He was praised for his progress by the teacher. 主动变被动 典型例题讲解（2） 例题：They built a new playground last year.（主动） 解析步骤： 1.找宾语：a new playground→被动主语 2.变谓语：built→built，单数→was built 3.加by短语：they→by them 4.整合：A new playground was built last year by them. 主动变被动 典型例题讲解（3） 例题：She wrote a letter to her friend.（主动） 解析步骤： 1.找宾语：a letter→被动主语 2.变谓语：wrote→written（不规则），单数→was written 3.加by短语：she→by her 4.整合：A letter was written to her friend by her. 语法易错点提醒（1） 1.混淆过去式与过去分词：被动语态必须用过去分词，不可用过去式 错误：The window was broke. 正确：The window was broken. 2.单复数搭配错误：主语复数却用was，单数用were 错误：The flowers was watered. 正确：The flowers were watered. 语法易错点提醒（2） 3.多余添加助动词：被动语态已有was/were，无需加did/do 错误：She did was taken home. 正确：She was taken home. 4.by短语后用主格：by是介词，后接宾格，不可用主格 错误：by he 正确：by him 5.省略必要的过去分词：was/were后必须跟过去分词，不可空缺 专项习题1——句型转换（主动变被动） 1.We finished the work last Friday. 2.He broke the cup with a knife. 3.My mother made a cake for my birthday. 4.They invited Tom to the party last night. 5.The teacher asked us to do our homework carefully. The work was finished by us last Friday. The cup was broken by him with a knife. A cake was made for my birthday by my mother. Tom was invited to the party by them last night. We were asked to do our homework carefully by the teacher. 专项习题2——用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.The old building ______________ (pull) down last year. 2.These photos _____________ (take) in Beijing in 2023. 3.The problem ______________ (solve) by the students yesterday. 4.A new road _____________ (build) near our home last month. 5.His homework _____________ (check) by the teacher this morning. was pulled were taken was solved was built was checked 专项习题3——单项选择 1.The little boy ______ by his mother just now. A. was hugged B. hugged C. is hugged D. hugs 2.Many trees ______ in our city last spring. A. was planted B. were planted C. planted D. plant 3.The book ______ by Lu Xun in 1921. A. wrote B. is written C. was written D. writes 4.—When ______ the bridge ______? —Last year. A. was; build B. was; built C. is; built D. did; build 5.My bike ______ yesterday, so I had to walk to school. A. was lost B. lost C. is lost D. loses A B C B A 专项习题4——改错（找出错误并改正） 1.The flowers was watered by my sister yesterday. 2.He was take to the hospital by a policeman. 3.The window was broken by he with a stone. 4.A new school was build in our town last year. 5.They were invite to the meeting last week. was→were take→taken he→him build→built invite→invited 语法知识梳理 一般过去时的被动语态 1.核心结构：主语+was/were+过去分词(+by+发出者) 2.主语单复数→决定was/were 3.主动变被动：找宾语→变谓语→加by短语→整句整合 4.过去分词：规则变化（三类）+ 不规则变化（必背） 5.易错点：分词形式/单复数搭配/by短语宾格 课堂小结 1.本单元核心语法：一般过去时被动语态，核心是was/were+过去分词 2.被动语态的核心是突出动作承受者，by短语可灵活省略 3.主动变被动是重点题型，需严格按照四步走完成，避免细节错误 4.过去分词是基础，规则变化要记清，不规则变化需反复背诵 5.解题时先判断时态和主被动，再确定主语单复数，最后验证形式 教学课件 Unit 2语法专项—— 一般过去时的被动语态 Thank you for listening! 31 $