专题19 阅读理解--主旨大意题精讲-2026届中考英语总复习（牛津译林版）

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦阅读理解主旨大意题，覆盖段落大意、最佳标题、写作意图三大中考核心题型，构建“题型分类-解题步骤-例题精讲-综合训练”的系统复习框架，通过考点梳理、方法指导和真题训练帮助学生突破信息提取与归纳难点。 亮点在于“步骤化解题+口诀化记忆+法则化推理”的创新策略，如用“精、准、新”三字口诀归纳标题技巧，“三看一验”法则分析写作意图，培养学生思维品质与语言能力。综合训练含10篇真题，分层设题适配不同学情，助力教师精准把控复习节奏，高效提升学生应考能力。

专题19 阅读理解--主旨大意题精讲 题型分类 题型1 段落大意 该题型主要考查学生对段落核心信息的提取和归纳能力，需抓住主题句并梳理逻辑关系。其核心考查点包括：1.识别段落主题句（多位于段首或段尾）;2.区分主旨与细节（避免将具体事例误作为核心内容）;3.把握段落结构（如总分、分总、并列等）。 解题步骤 Step 1 通读全段，标记关键内容和逻辑连接词：如however、therefore等。 Step 2 分析段落的首尾句和段落结构，确定核心目的或主旨。 Step 3 排除干扰项，确定答案。 例题1 China has become the world's largest producer and market of EVs（电车）. According to a report, 9.587 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.495 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported（出口）. The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto（汽车） China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands（品牌）. China's EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It's reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation（创新） will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points（充电站）. On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 段落大意题 What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China. C．To show the development of China's EV industry. D．To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 通读全段，标记关键内容和逻辑连接词（见文中波浪线标注） Step 2 分析段落的首尾句和段落结构，确定核心目的 （1）分析段落结构 前两句：政府推动（The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. ）→行业快速发展（As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly.）。此部分说明电车发展现状。 后两句：数据对比，2004年（BYD was the only company showing EVs there）→2024年（there were 278 different EV models on show）。此部分通过时间线展示 行业规模扩大，进一步说明了上述情况。 （2）确定核心目的 通过对比2004年和2024年的车展情况，展示了中国电车行业的发展，从只有一家到众多品牌百花齐放。本段的核心目的是展示行业发展 ，而非单纯介绍品牌或展会信息。 Step 3 排除干扰项，确定答案 选项 分析 A.To introduce different EV brands in China. 引入品牌是细节信息，非段落核心目的 B.To give some information about Auto China. 车展信息是支撑“发展”的例子，服务于“行业快速发展”这一主题，而非段落核心目的 C.To show the development of China's EV industry. 通过数据对比突出“快速发展”，为正确答案 D.To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. 段落中未提及“建议购买”，属于无中生有 由此可推断，正确答案为C项。 题型2 最佳标题/文章主旨 标题是对文章的高度概括，可采用快速寻找文章主旨大意的方法来归纳文章的主要内容，进而总结最佳标题。所以最佳标题题和文章主旨题的解题思路基本相同。 解题步骤 Step 1 查看重点信息，找到文章的主题句：重点阅读文章的首尾段及每段的中心句。 Step 2 归纳文章主旨：总结文章主旨大意或结合首尾段和其他段落的中心句，获取文章主旨大意。 Step 3 分析选项，结合文章标题的特点（简洁性、针对性和新颖性）判断最佳标题 选标题三字口诀 ·精：提炼主干去枝叶（删具体事例或数据，避免细节堆砌、以偏概全） ·准：匹配首尾高频词（通常标题里的重点词汇可贯穿全文） ·新：新颖表述增活力（非常规表达会激发读者的好奇心，更抓眼球） 避开干扰项 1.避免落入细节陷阱：避免选择仅包含某一具体细节的标题。 2.避免概括范围过窄：避免选择仅对应单一段落内容的标题。 3.避免大帽压顶：避免选择过度笼统的超出文章范畴的标题。 例题2 When I was little, I was really little. But my dream was big. I dreamed of being a basketball player. I tried out for the teams at school, but I was never given a chance. As I got older, I did grow a little bigger, but not a lot bigger. On my 12th birthday, I decided to try a new sport: running. I told Grandpa, “I'm going to be an athlete.” “Dave,” Grandpa began gently, “if you can't be big, you can do something big.” I ran 12 miles on my 12th birthday. On my 13th birthday, I did it again, but I added an extra mile. On my 14th birthday, I ran 14 miles. 15 on my 15th, 16 on my 16th, and you guessed it—17 miles on my 17th birthday. All this running inspired（激发） another big dream. Someday, I'd run the Boston Marathon（波士顿马拉松赛）. I told Grandpa about my decision. “But, Dave, you haven't trained for the marathon. Are you sure you're ready?” Grandpa asked. But he still promised to walk over and cheer me on. I ran fast that day. But I fell at Mile 18 and was driven to the hospital. Later that night, I called Grandpa and told him I failed. “No,” he said calmly, “you didn't fail. You discovered something.” “I did?” I asked. “Yes, you discovered that big dreams don't just come true. They take work. If you train and work hard, I promise to wait for you next year and cheer you on.” I trained every day, running miles and miles. Sadly, just two months into my training, Grandpa died. He wouldn't be waiting for my second Boston Marathon. I decided I'd run for him. That day, I ran fast. “Keep going! You can do it!” His words filled my head as I forced my legs to make each painful step. As I crossed the finish line, I threw my arms in the air and cried, “Grandpa, we did it!” 4．题型8最佳标题题 What is the best title for the text?（ ） A．Dream Big B．The Boston Marathon C．Think Twice D．The Story of Grandpa 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 查看重点信息，找到文章的主题句 开头（Dave的童年）：第一段的第_ _ _ _ 、_ _ _ _ 句引入作者梦想受挫的话题。 转折（12岁生日）：第三段中的“_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ”是关键内容，奠定了故事的核心。 发展（每年生日跑步）：对跑步的坚持，展示了梦想的延续。 高潮（波士顿马拉松）：第一次失败后，爷爷的鼓励“...you didn't fail. You discovered something.”“...you discovered that big dreams don't just come true. They take work.”强化了主题——实现梦想需要努力。 结尾（爷爷去世后）：Dave的呼喊将个人梦想与爷爷的鼓励结合，点明梦想已经实现。 所以，中心句是爷爷的建议。爷爷的话反复强调了big dreams（大梦想）的重要性，贯穿全文。 Step 2 归纳文章主旨 通过梳理文章，可归纳主旨大意：我身材矮小，但在爷爷的鼓励下，不断努力，最终实现了自己的大梦想。 Step 3 分析选项，结合文章标题的特点判断最佳标题 本文是记叙文，仔细阅读发现“ ”在文中以不同的形式反复出现，这就是文章的线索词汇。 选项 分析 A. Dream Big 文章线索词汇，反复出现 B. The Boston Marathon 是文章的高潮情节，但不是文章主旨，太狭窄，属于“以偏概全” C. Think Twice 文中未提及，偏离主题 D. The Story of Grandpa 与文意不符，本文主要描述的是在爷爷的鼓励下，作者努力坚持，最终取得成功的故事 由此可推断，正确答案为A项。 题型3 写作意图 该题型主要考查学生透过表层文字把握作者深层表达目的的能力，要求学生结合文本内容、情感倾向和文体特征进行逻辑推理。 解答此类题要了解文章的主要内容，通过文章的主题推断作者的写作意图。具体可按照“三看一验”法则解答： Step 1 看文体（议论文→说服，记叙文→启示） Step 2 看尾段（总结句→意图浓缩） Step 3 看修辞（比喻、反问→强化目的） Step 4 验逻辑（选项是否涵盖全文核心矛盾） 一般而言，文章的基本写作目的有以下几类： 1.科普说明文→主要是普及科学知识、告知信息 2.议论文→主要是说服他人相信作者的观点或驳斥他人的观点 3.记叙文→主要是通过叙述某事来抒发作者内心的情感（如感恩） 4.热点话题类→吸引人们关注某一社会现象，引发反思（如环保） 避开干扰项 1.避免绝对化表述：含must、never、all的选项通常会过度延伸。 2.避免偷换主体陷阱：如将“政府责任”替换为“个人义务”。 3.避免情感倒置干扰：如原文作者持批判态度，选项却含褒扬的词汇。 例题3 Some people think creativity is making something completely new, so they do not think of themselves as creative ones. However, some other people think creativity can just be expressing themselves through everyday acts and they are born creative because it is not an all-or-nothing quality or skill. Whether or not we realize it, we all have the ability to express creativity. Sometimes the path to creative productivity is being willing to do something different. Are you someone who loves to read comics? Perhaps it is time you created one of your own. Don't worry if you cannot draw very well or feel that you cannot write humorous reports for characters. Nobody says this is an exam! You only have to please yourself, to gain the satisfaction that you try something new, all on your own. If you feel easy, you can of course share it with our loved ones, or post it on social media. Are you someone who likes to express yourself in writing? Try writing a blog. This is like the new version of a diary. In your blog, you can write about your thoughts, opinions and experiences. You can also write stories or plays, if you feel up to it! The blog provides you with a platform to create something new every day, in written forms. Are you someone who likes to be alone? Now, think about the things that make you happy. Find a small place in your room, or any place in your home, where you can spend time with yourself. It can be a small corner next to your bed or a wall. It can be a poster of your favourite rock star or photos of your friends. You can also pick a guitar if you like to play instruments, or a few storybooks if you love reading. Some of you may like flowers, candles or pretty things. Decorate your area with your favourite things in any way you like. That is creativity! And if you do feel bored with this, you can change, add or remove something. By realizing the chances in our daily lives to inspire our creativity, no matter how small, we may become more comfortable with taking bigger creative leaps in other aspects of our lives. 写作意图题 The purpose of the article is to _ _ _ _ .（ ） A．offer us all kinds of ideas and experiences B．teach us knowledge of different life skills C．encourage us to make something important D．ask us to develop creativity through small acts 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） 用“三看一验”法则解答 Step 1 看文体 本文是一篇议论文，旨在说服人们积极主动参与创新活动。 Step 2 看尾段 本文的尾句是文章的总结 句。 Step 3 看修辞 本文无明显的比喻、反问等修辞手法。 Step 4 验逻辑 选项 分析 A. offer us all kinds of ideas and experiences 文章并未提及各种想法和经历 B. teach us knowledge of different life skills 文章未教授具体的生活技能知识 C. encourage us to make something important 虽然提到创作漫画、写博客等行为，但重点并非“制作重要物品”，而是鼓励任何形式的自我表达 D. ask us to develop creativity through small acts 文章利用漫画创作、博客写作、个性化空间布置等例子，说明日常小事也可以激发创造力 综上可知，文章的末/尾句明确点题，通过日常微小的创意实践，为更大胆的创新突破奠定基础，与D项完全契合。 综合训练 （1） （2025·江苏徐州·三模）In China, it’s common to see people on the streets using their fans to beat the heat in summer. However, the traditional Chinese fan is not just a tool for cooling down, but a symbol of traditional Chinese culture. The history of Chinese fans goes back to the Shang Dynasty (about 1600 B．C～1046 B．C). One of the earliest fans was known as Shanhan. It was a bit like today’s umbrella. It was tied to a carriage to keep people away from the strong sunshine and rainfall. Later, Shanhan developed into a long-handled fan called Zhangshan (障扇). In fact, the fan was not used to help people cool down until the Zhou Dynasty. At that time, fans were usually made of birds’ feathers and mainly used by the emperors. Later, bamboo fans and cattail-leaf fans (蒲扇) were invented during the Han Dynasty. Both were most popular among the common people during the Song Dynasty. Years later, the folding fan was introduced. As this kind of fan could be easily folded and carried, it soon became popular. However, the best thing of a folding fan was the pictures on it. If a famous person painted the fan, it could cost a lot of money. For example, a folding fan painted by Zhang Daqian was sold for $252,000. Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong were also well known. Throughout history, Chinese fans have stood the test of time. Today, there are more than 500 kinds of fans in China, attracting a great number of fan lovers both at home and abroad. However, it’s difficult to carry on our traditional skills of making fans among young people now for many reasons. Luckily, Tag Design made a meaningful try. It developed an app “Folding Fan” which introduces the skills for making traditional folding fans. With the help of technology, these fan-making skills are surely able to stay alive forever. 1．The earliest fans in Chinese history were first used to ________. A．cool people down B．decorate carriages C．show the power of emperors D．keep people away from the sun and rain 2．What made the folding fan especially valuable? A．Its easy-folding feature. B．Its light weight for carrying. C．The pictures painted on it. D．The materials it was made of. 3．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The folding fan was invented during the Han Dynasty. B．Qi Baishi painted a folding fan that was sold for $252,000. C．Shanhan was first used by emperors in the Zhou Dynasty for cooling. D．The app “Folding Fan” helps introduce traditional folding fan-making skills. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The History of Chinese Fans B．Popular Kinds of Chinese Fans C．Chinese Fans: More Than Just Cooling Tools D．The Future of Chinese Fan-making Skills （2） （2025·江苏徐州·三模）Plants are more than just pretty to look at. They give us fruits, vegetables and food we eat. Some plants even provide materials for medicine or building things. But do you know that plants can do something even more amazing? They can make our homes, schools and workplaces much healthier. We spend a large part of our day indoors. Unluckily, the air inside buildings can often be full of harmful chemicals (化学物质) from many things around us. This poor air quality (质量) can make us feel sick, cause eye problems, and even make it hard for us to breathe (呼吸). When the air inside buildings gets really bad, people even call them “sick buildings”. The good news is that plants are like nature’s super heroes. They have a magic power fighting against bad air. Plants breathe in carbon dioxide () and breathe out oxygen () which we humans need to live. They can also add moisture (水分) to the air if it’s too dry, making it more comfortable for us to breathe. ________ Scientists have discovered that plants have the ability to take in harmful chemicals, making the air around us safer to breathe. They set up a completely closed building called “bio-home” for experiments. Before they added plants, the air inside was full of chemicals and people found it hard to breathe. Then scientists added different kinds of plants in it. After a while, they used a special machine to test the air quality. The air got much cleaner and it became easier to breathe. People could go inside without feeling unwell. Scientists found out the building wasn’t a “sick building” any more. So you see, plants are incredible! They are not only beautiful to look at, but they also provide us with food, help create materials and play an important role in our health. They make our indoor environments cleaner and healthier, making us feel better. Next time you see a plant, remember all the amazing things it can do for us! 1．How do plants improve the air inside buildings? A．They produce oxygen for people. B．They provide people with food. C．They breathe out carbon dioxide. D．They give off harmful chemicals. 2．Which can be the best to fill in ________ in the passage? A．But plants can make the environment dry. B．But plants can provide what humans need to eat. C．But one interesting thing plants can do is to build things. D．But the most amazing thing plants can do is to clean the air. 3．What does the underlined word “incredible” mean? A．Fantastic. B．Dangerous. C．Different. D．Strange. 4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Plants make people look much better. B．Plants make it easier to build houses. C．Plants are good for indoor environment. D．Plants are important for providing food. （3） （2025·江苏徐州·三模）Made-in-China products were really great at the 2024 Paris Olympics! High-tech products helped athletes do their best. Let’s see how “Made in China” impressed the world. For example, the table tennis table is amazing. When you touch it, it feels like smooth ice because of a special high-tech material. There are chips (芯片) in the table that can show colorful lights. They make a cool atmosphere for athletes when they come in and after matches. China also provided 35,000 table tennis balls. The table tennis balls are also made in China. Before they go to Paris, they have to pass 15 checks, like checking if they are round, hard enough, the right weight and have good elasticity (弹力). Only a few balls out of every 100 are chosen for the Olympics. Chinese companies didn’t stop there. They made sports equipment for wrestling, boxing, judo, cycling, and gymnastics. A special camera technology called “bullet time” was used in beach volleyball and tennis. This allowed audiences to watch slow-motion replays clearly, just like in action movies. Even the mats (垫子) had surprises! The wrestling and judo mats from China used smart chips for the first time. These chips can tell how strong and fast athletes are when they move. Outside the stadiums, Chinese creativity shone brightly. On July 14, there was a fireworks and lighting show in Paris to celebrate the Olympic flame coming. There were 1,100 drones from China. And more than 50 good LED screens for the Paris Olympics are from China. Fans also loved Chinese-made souvenirs (纪念品). About 80% of the Olympic mascot (吉祥物) dolls (“Phryges”) were made in China. Cheering sticks and other products from China were popular in gift shops too. 1．What does the underlined word “They” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．High-tech materials. B．Chips. C．Athletes. D．Colorful lights. 2．What is special about the table tennis balls made in China for the 2024 Paris Olympics? A．They are the hardest table tennis balls. B．They are all chosen for the Olympics. C．They can change color during the game. D．They have to pass strict quality checks. 3．Why is the “bullet time” technology used in the 2024 Paris Olympics? A．Because it can help athletes train better. B．Because it lets audience see replays more clearly. C．Because it can help judges make faster decisions. D．Because it can help coaches analyze the matches. 4．What percentage of the “Phryge” dolls are from China? A．About 50%. B．About 60%. C．About 80%. D．About 90%. 5．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Only sports equipment made in China is used in the 2024 Paris Olympics. B．The 2024 Paris Olympics mainly uses Chinese products for cost-saving reasons. C．Chinese products are of high quality and play important roles in the 2024 Paris Olympics. D．Made-in-China products are only popular for their appearance in the 2024 Paris Olympics. （4） （2025·江苏徐州·三模） There is a saying that “an elephant never forgets” and research has shown this is somewhat true. Elephants are very good at remembering which animals are friendly and which are dangerous. Older elephants use this skill to keep the rest of their group safe from dangers. Squirrels also have quite good memories. In autumn, they bury lots of nuts in the ground to store them for winter. They depend on their memory and sense of smell to find the nuts and dig them back up to eat them. What about the other animals? Do they have a good memory? Scientists have tested how well goats, sheep and alpacas could remember where food was hidden. In one experiment, they placed food under two out of eight buckets in an area. The animals were then brought back later to see if they could remember which buckets held the food. The goats found the food fastest and made fewer mistakes. Sheep struggled more, while alpacas were slow and often couldn’t finish in time. In another test, food was hidden under cups that were moved or mixed with empty ones. Goats still excelled. They easily remembered where the food was even when things changed. Sheep and alpacas, however, had trouble following the cups once they moved. The tests show that goats are smarter and have better memories than sheep and alpacas. Farm animals might be cleverer than we realize. 1．What do older elephants use their good memory for? A．To find more food for the group. B．To teach young elephants new skills. C．To keep the group safe from dangers. D．To make friends with friendly animals. 2．What can we infer about squirrels from the passage? A．They only use smell to find nuts. B．They share food with other animals. C．They remember every nut’s location perfectly. D．Their memory skills help them survive winter. 3．What does the underlined sentence “Goats still excelled” mean? A．Goats gave up looking for the food. B．Goats moved slower than the sheep. C．Goats needed human help to succeed. D．Goats did better than sheep and alpacas. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Animal Memory Skills B．How Squirrels Store Food C．Survival Skills in the Wild D．Secrets of Elephant Memories （5） （2025·江苏徐州·二模）1) Facial recognition technology (人脸识别技术) is widely used today. For example, the police use it to search for bad guys. It’s also used to unlock phones or doors. Now, a similar technology, known as facial detection (探测), is entering a new field: the business of advertising. 2) Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores. One facial detection system can tell a person’s “happiness” or “fear” level. That helps businesses see how people feel as they look at the products or advertisements in the store. Another system can detect whether someone is wearing eyeglasses. If so, stores can send advertisements for new glasses to him. 3) Facial detection technology is also placed inside some large advertising boards. Cameras in those boards can detect information like people’s ages and five levels of feelings—from “very happy” to “very unhappy”. 4) Supporters of the technology say it could improve buyers’ experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices. 5) Some are against the idea of using such systems. Pam Dixon, the head of a privacy group, is one of them. She thinks the strange actions may cause something unfair. For example, a business could raise the price of a product according to a person’s age and feelings. 6) However, one store testing the technology explained they wouldn’t store people’s information like names or ages. And the advertising board system maker said it didn’t keep any personal information or record any videos. 1．Facial detection technology can tell people’s ______ according to the passage. A．weight B．feelings C．height D．jobs 2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Businesses. B．Systems. C．Customers. D．Advertisements. 3．We can infer from the passage that facial detection technology ______. A．can detect buyers’ names and record them B．can’t store personal information C．may be used to sell cheaper goods in all stores D．may need some time before being widely used 4．The structure of this passage is ______. A．B．C． D． 5．This passage is mainly about ______. A．facial recognition technology entering an old field B．facial recognition technology looking for bad guys C．facial detection technology going into the advertising field D．facial detection technology improving buyers’ experience （6） （2025·江苏徐州·二模）Wang Jibing, known as “The Delivery Poet”, comes from Pizhou, Jiangsu Province. Years ago, he moved to Kunshan, Suzhou to find better work opportunities. Life has been challenging for him. He tied many jobs-to make a living. He once worked under the hot sun as construction worker, building houses for others. When life became harder, he even collected waste materials. However, he never gave up his love for writing poems. Over 20 years, he wrote more than 3,000 poems. Two of his popular works, “Chasing Dreams on the Road” and “Love in Ordinary Life”, have inspired many people. This year brought him wonderful news. He received an invitation to attend the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala. This meant he could not only watch the famous show, but also participate in it. It was an exciting chance he never expected. At first, Wang felt nervous during rehearsals. Standing on the big stage with many people watching, he even forgot his words once. But he didn’t give up. After practicing many times, he gradually became more confident and performed better. His story shows that with hard work and persistence, dreams can come true. 1．What does the underlined word “persistence” most likely mean? A．Giving up easily B．Continuing to try despite difficulties C．Feeling happy all the time D．Being afraid of challenges 2．What jobs did Wang Jibing do to make a living? A．Teacher and writer B．Delivery worker and farmer C．Construction worker and waste collector D．Singer and actor 3．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the CCTV Spring Festival Gala B．To encourage people to collect waste materials C．To describe how to write good poems D．To share an inspiring story of overcoming challenges 4．Which sentence best summarizes Wang Jibing’s story? A．Life is always easy if you work hard. B．Success comes from never giving up on your dreams. C．Everyone should become a poet. D．The Spring Festival Gala is the most important event. （7） （2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测） ①Recent studies suggest plants might “communicate” in ways humans are only beginning to understand. Researchers at the University of Nanjing have discovered that when plants are under stress—such as insect attacks or not having enough water—they let out airborne chemicals called volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These VOCs are like messages to neighboring plants and make them start their protection ways. ②For example, when a tomato plant is bitten by caterpillars, it gives out some special VOCs. Nearby plants detect these chemicals and begin producing bad-tasting things in their leaves, so insects don’t like them as much. This phenomenon, which we call “plant eavesdropping”, challenges the traditional view of plants as passive living things. ③To test this further, scientists designed an experiment. They placed healthy bean plants in airtight chambers (密闭舱) next to chambers with plants that have little pests (害虫). Within 24 hours, the healthy plants began turn on their protection genes, even though they had no direct contact with the pests. ④How do plants “hear” these messages? The answer lies in their leaves. Tiny holes called stomata not only control the air coming in but also take in VOCs from the air. Once they take them in, the chemicals make the plant’s cells to something to get ready for possible dangers. ⑤This discovery has practical points. Farmers could potentially use synthetic VOCs to “warn” crops of coming pest attacks, reducing pesticide use. As Dr. Li Wei, the lead researchers, stated, “Plants have been talking all along—we just needed to learn their language.” 1．Which paragraph explains HOW plants detect chemical messages? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 2．Where does the following sentence best fit? “Surprisingly, the healthy plants showed no physical harm but still started protective steps.” A．After① B．After② C．After③ D．After④ 3．Which conclusion is supported by the experiment in paragraph ③? A．Plants only react to direct physical contact. B．Airborne chemicals alone can start plant protection ways. C．Stomata are useless in pest resistance (抵抗). D．Synthetic VOCs harm crop growth. 4．What type of writing is this text? A．A fictional story B．A historical report C．An opinion essay D．A scientific explanation （8） （2024·广东广州·一模）A company called OpenAI has recently announced a new version (版本) of its AI artist, DALL-E 2. Given just a short sentence describing a picture, the tool can create different pictures in many different styles. The name “DALL-E” mixes the name of the robot in the movie WALL-E, and the name of the famous Spanish artist Salvador Dalí. He painted amazing but impossible pictures. Like Dalí, DALL-E 2 can create pictures that are unbelievable, for example, Teddy bears doing crazy experiments as scientists. OpenAI has already changed the world once with its AI writing tool, GPT-3. GPT-3 was trained on a great deal of writing in many different styles. When it came out in 2020, it surprised people by quickly creating complete and well-written articles in different styles. It is so powerful that OpenAI has tried to be prudent when it comes to how it allows people to use the tool, to make sure that it isn’t used for harmful purposes. DALL-E actually grew out of an effort to make full use of GPT-3 to pictures. OpenAI released the first version of DALL-E in 2021. DALL-E 2 is even more powerful. DALL-E 2 has been trained on huge numbers of pictures with matching descriptions, which means it “knows” a lot about how different things look, even when they’re shown in different styles, such as a photo, a painting or even a cartoon. Does DALL-E 2 have anything new? The user can select an area of an image and ask DALL-E 2 to put something into the picture, or take it out. Some artists are worried that it will take their place if a computer system can create such high-quality pictures so conveniently. OpenAI says the tool will allow artists to be creative in new ways. To make sure the tool is properly used, OpenAI already has strict rules about the types of pictures that can be created with DALL-E. One of those rules avoids DALL-E to create realistic pictures of actual people. By now, the company hasn’t released DALL-E 2. Instead, it is allowing a small number of people to work with the tool to learn more about what works well, and to discover possible problems. 1．Where does the name “DALL-E” come from? A．From a film and a robot. B．From a toy and a robot. C．From an artist and a robot. D．From a company and a movie. 2．What does the underlined word “prudent” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．careful B．confident C．patient D．hard-working 3．How is DALL-E 2 different from DALL-E 1? A．It applies GPT-3 to pictures. B．It writes in many different styles. C．It can tell the different appearances of things. D．It sets no rules about the types of pictures that can be created. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．How DALL-E 2 Makes Use of GPT-3 B．Why OpenAI Develops Its DALL-E2 C．DALL-E 2 HelpsOffer Artists New Jobs D．From Words, DALL-E 2 Creates Pictures （9） （2025·江苏常州·二模）US poet Allen Ginsberg once said, “Poetry (诗歌) is the one place where people can speak their original (独创的) human mind.” To know the special ability of poetry to catch the human spirit, World Poetry Day is held by the United Nations on March 21 each year. The magic of poetry lies in the connection built up through words between the writer and the reader. When we read a poem, we often imagine what the poet was thinking when he wrote it, or what he was doing at the time. These thoughts let us connect with the words better, as if we’d written the poem ourselves. But in the age of artificial intelligence (AI，人工智能), would a poem still mean as much if it wasn’t written by a human at all? Today, computers can create all kinds of texts, including research papers, books, news stories and even poems. In 2013, Australian researcher Oscar Schwartz and his friend Benjamin Laird created a website called “bot or not”, where readers can read poems and guess whether they were written by a human or a computer. During a recent speech at Ted X Sydney, Schwartz said that all over the years, some of the website’s poems were able to fool 65 percent of human readers into thinking they were written by a human. By creating the website, Schwartz and Laird hoped that people would doubt the difference between humans and machines—and be able to tell what makes us humans. “The human mind is not a cold, hard fact,” Schwartz said during his speech. A computer may be able to create poems that are correct in both grammar and style, but it wouldn’t be able to get the same meanings and feelings across as a human poet could. In fact, now AI software creates poems based on ones that have already been written by humans. As Schwartz noted, “The computer works like a mirror that reflects (反映) any idea of a human.” 1．Why is World Poetry Day held every year? A．To understand how poetry expresses human spirits. B．To compare the poetry written by humans and computers. C．To teach people how to write beautiful poetry. D．To show readers the poetry written by computers. 2．Which of the following may the writer agree with? A．Computers can replace humans in poetry writing. B．Computers can speak original human mind. C．Computers can’t show feelings as well as humans. D．Computers are as emotional as human poets. 3．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Intelligent computer poets. B．A mirror of human ideas. C．Poetry by humans or computers. D．The importance of poetry. （10） （2025·江苏常州·模拟预测）If you’ve ever thought that dogs seem to know when people are stressed, you are right. Scientists did an experiment (实验) which showed that dogs can tell the difference between the smell of people when they’re relaxed and when they’re stressed. Researchers worked with four dogs. They taught the dogs to use a special smell-testing device (装置) with three openings. The scientists used treats and rewards to train the dogs to find the correct openings. Over time, the dogs were given harder and harder smelling jobs. The final goal (目标) was to see if they could smell stress in the breath and sweat (汗水) of a person. All day long, our bodies go through changes and produce different chemicals (化学物). These chemicals come out in our breath and sweat, slightly changing the way we smell. But it wasn’t known if stress could cause changes that could be discovered. So the researchers collected breath and sweat samples (样本) from 36 different people. They got samples when the people were calm, and also when they were stressed. Then the researchers collected two more sweat and breath samples. The scientists used one of the stressed samples, along with two clean pieces of cloth, to train the dogs to find the stressed smell. Then came the challenge—the dogs had three choices: a sample from a calm person, a stressed sample from that same person, and a clean piece of cloth. In all, the dogs did 720 tests. They correctly identified the stressed sample about 94% of the time. The results make it clear that stress does have a smell that dogs can find. Scientists say the news could be especially useful in training service dogs, since their job is to help relieve (缓解) that stress. 1．What’s the purpose of the experiment? A．To know when people are stressed. B．To learn if dogs can smell stress. C．To teach dogs to find the correct opening. D．To check the breath and sweat of people. 2．Why did the scientists use samples of breath and sweat to test the dog? A．Because our bodies produce different sweat every day. B．Because stress could be changed by sweat and breath. C．Because our bodies become stronger day by day. D．Because they made our bodies smell different. 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The importance of the experiment. B．The influence of the experiment. C．The process (过程) of the experiment. D．The result of the experiment. 4．What does the underlined word “identified” mean? A．Provided. B．Exchanged. C．Discovered. D．Prevented. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题19 阅读理解--主旨大意题精讲 题型分类 题型1 段落大意 该题型主要考查学生对段落核心信息的提取和归纳能力，需抓住主题句并梳理逻辑关系。其核心考查点包括：1.识别段落主题句（多位于段首或段尾）;2.区分主旨与细节（避免将具体事例误作为核心内容）;3.把握段落结构（如总分、分总、并列等）。 解题步骤 Step 1 通读全段，标记关键内容和逻辑连接词：如however、therefore等。 Step 2 分析段落的首尾句和段落结构，确定核心目的或主旨。 Step 3 排除干扰项，确定答案。 例题1 China has become the world's largest producer and market of EVs（电车）. According to a report, 9.587 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.495 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported（出口）. The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto（汽车） China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands（品牌）. China's EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It's reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation（创新） will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points（充电站）. On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 段落大意题 What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China. C．To show the development of China's EV industry. D．To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 通读全段，标记关键内容和逻辑连接词（见文中波浪线标注） Step 2 分析段落的首尾句和段落结构，确定核心目的 （1）分析段落结构 前两句：政府推动（The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. ）→行业快速发展（As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly.）。此部分说明电车发展现状。 后两句：数据对比，2004年（BYD was the only company showing EVs there）→2024年（there were 278 different EV models on show）。此部分通过时间线展示 行业规模扩大，进一步说明了上述情况。 （2）确定核心目的 通过对比2004年和2024年的车展情况，展示了中国电车行业的发展，从只有一家到众多品牌百花齐放。本段的核心目的是展示行业发展 ，而非单纯介绍品牌或展会信息。 Step 3 排除干扰项，确定答案 选项 分析 A.To introduce different EV brands in China. 引入品牌是细节信息，非段落核心目的 B.To give some information about Auto China. 车展信息是支撑“发展”的例子，服务于“行业快速发展”这一主题，而非段落核心目的 C.To show the development of China's EV industry. 通过数据对比突出“快速发展”，为正确答案 D.To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. 段落中未提及“建议购买”，属于无中生有 由此可推断，正确答案为C项。 题型2 最佳标题/文章主旨 标题是对文章的高度概括，可采用快速寻找文章主旨大意的方法来归纳文章的主要内容，进而总结最佳标题。所以最佳标题题和文章主旨题的解题思路基本相同。 解题步骤 Step 1 查看重点信息，找到文章的主题句：重点阅读文章的首尾段及每段的中心句。 Step 2 归纳文章主旨：总结文章主旨大意或结合首尾段和其他段落的中心句，获取文章主旨大意。 Step 3 分析选项，结合文章标题的特点（简洁性、针对性和新颖性）判断最佳标题 选标题三字口诀 ·精：提炼主干去枝叶（删具体事例或数据，避免细节堆砌、以偏概全） ·准：匹配首尾高频词（通常标题里的重点词汇可贯穿全文） ·新：新颖表述增活力（非常规表达会激发读者的好奇心，更抓眼球） 避开干扰项 1.避免落入细节陷阱：避免选择仅包含某一具体细节的标题。 2.避免概括范围过窄：避免选择仅对应单一段落内容的标题。 3.避免大帽压顶：避免选择过度笼统的超出文章范畴的标题。 例题2 When I was little, I was really little. But my dream was big. I dreamed of being a basketball player. I tried out for the teams at school, but I was never given a chance. As I got older, I did grow a little bigger, but not a lot bigger. On my 12th birthday, I decided to try a new sport: running. I told Grandpa, “I'm going to be an athlete.” “Dave,” Grandpa began gently, “if you can't be big, you can do something big.” I ran 12 miles on my 12th birthday. On my 13th birthday, I did it again, but I added an extra mile. On my 14th birthday, I ran 14 miles. 15 on my 15th, 16 on my 16th, and you guessed it—17 miles on my 17th birthday. All this running inspired（激发） another big dream. Someday, I'd run the Boston Marathon（波士顿马拉松赛）. I told Grandpa about my decision. “But, Dave, you haven't trained for the marathon. Are you sure you're ready?” Grandpa asked. But he still promised to walk over and cheer me on. I ran fast that day. But I fell at Mile 18 and was driven to the hospital. Later that night, I called Grandpa and told him I failed. “No,” he said calmly, “you didn't fail. You discovered something.” “I did?” I asked. “Yes, you discovered that big dreams don't just come true. They take work. If you train and work hard, I promise to wait for you next year and cheer you on.” I trained every day, running miles and miles. Sadly, just two months into my training, Grandpa died. He wouldn't be waiting for my second Boston Marathon. I decided I'd run for him. That day, I ran fast. “Keep going! You can do it!” His words filled my head as I forced my legs to make each painful step. As I crossed the finish line, I threw my arms in the air and cried, “Grandpa, we did it!” 4．题型8最佳标题题 What is the best title for the text?（ ） A．Dream Big B．The Boston Marathon C．Think Twice D．The Story of Grandpa 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 查看重点信息，找到文章的主题句 开头（Dave的童年）：第一段的第_ _ _ _ 、_ _ _ _ 句引入作者梦想受挫的话题。 转折（12岁生日）：第三段中的“_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ”是关键内容，奠定了故事的核心。 发展（每年生日跑步）：对跑步的坚持，展示了梦想的延续。 高潮（波士顿马拉松）：第一次失败后，爷爷的鼓励“...you didn't fail. You discovered something.”“...you discovered that big dreams don't just come true. They take work.”强化了主题——实现梦想需要努力。 结尾（爷爷去世后）：Dave的呼喊将个人梦想与爷爷的鼓励结合，点明梦想已经实现。 所以，中心句是爷爷的建议。爷爷的话反复强调了big dreams（大梦想）的重要性，贯穿全文。 Step 2 归纳文章主旨 通过梳理文章，可归纳主旨大意：我身材矮小，但在爷爷的鼓励下，不断努力，最终实现了自己的大梦想。 Step 3 分析选项，结合文章标题的特点判断最佳标题 本文是记叙文，仔细阅读发现“_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ”在文中以不同的形式反复出现，这就是文章的线索词汇。 选项 分析 A. Dream Big 文章线索词汇，反复出现 B. The Boston Marathon 是文章的高潮情节，但不是文章主旨，太狭窄，属于“以偏概全” C. Think Twice 文中未提及，偏离主题 D. The Story of Grandpa 与文意不符，本文主要描述的是在爷爷的鼓励下，作者努力坚持，最终取得成功的故事 由此可推断，正确答案为A项。 题型3 写作意图 该题型主要考查学生透过表层文字把握作者深层表达目的的能力，要求学生结合文本内容、情感倾向和文体特征进行逻辑推理。 解答此类题要了解文章的主要内容，通过文章的主题推断作者的写作意图。具体可按照“三看一验”法则解答： Step 1 看文体（议论文→说服，记叙文→启示） Step 2 看尾段（总结句→意图浓缩） Step 3 看修辞（比喻、反问→强化目的） Step 4 验逻辑（选项是否涵盖全文核心矛盾） 一般而言，文章的基本写作目的有以下几类： 1.科普说明文→主要是普及科学知识、告知信息 2.议论文→主要是说服他人相信作者的观点或驳斥他人的观点 3.记叙文→主要是通过叙述某事来抒发作者内心的情感（如感恩） 4.热点话题类→吸引人们关注某一社会现象，引发反思（如环保） 避开干扰项 1.避免绝对化表述：含must、never、all的选项通常会过度延伸。 2.避免偷换主体陷阱：如将“政府责任”替换为“个人义务”。 3.避免情感倒置干扰：如原文作者持批判态度，选项却含褒扬的词汇。 例题3 Some people think creativity is making something completely new, so they do not think of themselves as creative ones. However, some other people think creativity can just be expressing themselves through everyday acts and they are born creative because it is not an all-or-nothing quality or skill. Whether or not we realize it, we all have the ability to express creativity. Sometimes the path to creative productivity is being willing to do something different. Are you someone who loves to read comics? Perhaps it is time you created one of your own. Don't worry if you cannot draw very well or feel that you cannot write humorous reports for characters. Nobody says this is an exam! You only have to please yourself, to gain the satisfaction that you try something new, all on your own. If you feel easy, you can of course share it with our loved ones, or post it on social media. Are you someone who likes to express yourself in writing? Try writing a blog. This is like the new version of a diary. In your blog, you can write about your thoughts, opinions and experiences. You can also write stories or plays, if you feel up to it! The blog provides you with a platform to create something new every day, in written forms. Are you someone who likes to be alone? Now, think about the things that make you happy. Find a small place in your room, or any place in your home, where you can spend time with yourself. It can be a small corner next to your bed or a wall. It can be a poster of your favourite rock star or photos of your friends. You can also pick a guitar if you like to play instruments, or a few storybooks if you love reading. Some of you may like flowers, candles or pretty things. Decorate your area with your favourite things in any way you like. That is creativity! And if you do feel bored with this, you can change, add or remove something. By realizing the chances in our daily lives to inspire our creativity, no matter how small, we may become more comfortable with taking bigger creative leaps in other aspects of our lives. 写作意图题 The purpose of the article is to _ _ _ _ .（ ） A．offer us all kinds of ideas and experiences B．teach us knowledge of different life skills C．encourage us to make something important D．ask us to develop creativity through small acts 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） 用“三看一验”法则解答 Step 1 看文体 本文是一篇议论文，旨在说服人们积极主动参与创新活动。 Step 2 看尾段 本文的尾句是文章的总结 句。 Step 3 看修辞 本文无明显的比喻、反问等修辞手法。 Step 4 验逻辑 选项 分析 A. offer us all kinds of ideas and experiences 文章并未提及各种想法和经历 B. teach us knowledge of different life skills 文章未教授具体的生活技能知识 C. encourage us to make something important 虽然提到创作漫画、写博客等行为，但重点并非“制作重要物品”，而是鼓励任何形式的自我表达 D. ask us to develop creativity through small acts 文章利用漫画创作、博客写作、个性化空间布置等例子，说明日常小事也可以激发创造力 综上可知，文章的末/尾句明确点题，通过日常微小的创意实践，为更大胆的创新突破奠定基础，与D项完全契合。 综合训练 （1） （2025·江苏徐州·三模）In China, it’s common to see people on the streets using their fans to beat the heat in summer. However, the traditional Chinese fan is not just a tool for cooling down, but a symbol of traditional Chinese culture. The history of Chinese fans goes back to the Shang Dynasty (about 1600 B．C～1046 B．C). One of the earliest fans was known as Shanhan. It was a bit like today’s umbrella. It was tied to a carriage to keep people away from the strong sunshine and rainfall. Later, Shanhan developed into a long-handled fan called Zhangshan (障扇). In fact, the fan was not used to help people cool down until the Zhou Dynasty. At that time, fans were usually made of birds’ feathers and mainly used by the emperors. Later, bamboo fans and cattail-leaf fans (蒲扇) were invented during the Han Dynasty. Both were most popular among the common people during the Song Dynasty. Years later, the folding fan was introduced. As this kind of fan could be easily folded and carried, it soon became popular. However, the best thing of a folding fan was the pictures on it. If a famous person painted the fan, it could cost a lot of money. For example, a folding fan painted by Zhang Daqian was sold for $252,000. Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong were also well known. Throughout history, Chinese fans have stood the test of time. Today, there are more than 500 kinds of fans in China, attracting a great number of fan lovers both at home and abroad. However, it’s difficult to carry on our traditional skills of making fans among young people now for many reasons. Luckily, Tag Design made a meaningful try. It developed an app “Folding Fan” which introduces the skills for making traditional folding fans. With the help of technology, these fan-making skills are surely able to stay alive forever. 1．The earliest fans in Chinese history were first used to ________. A．cool people down B．decorate carriages C．show the power of emperors D．keep people away from the sun and rain 2．What made the folding fan especially valuable? A．Its easy-folding feature. B．Its light weight for carrying. C．The pictures painted on it. D．The materials it was made of. 3．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The folding fan was invented during the Han Dynasty. B．Qi Baishi painted a folding fan that was sold for $252,000. C．Shanhan was first used by emperors in the Zhou Dynasty for cooling. D．The app “Folding Fan” helps introduce traditional folding fan-making skills. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The History of Chinese Fans B．Popular Kinds of Chinese Fans C．Chinese Fans: More Than Just Cooling Tools D．The Future of Chinese Fan-making Skills 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国扇子的历史、种类、价值以及现代应用，强调了中国扇子不仅是降温工具，更是中国传统文化的象征。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One of the earliest fans was known as Shanhan. It was a bit like today’s umbrella. It was tied to a carriage to keep people away from the strong sunshine and rainfall.”可知，中国历史上最早的扇子被用来让人们远离强烈的阳光和雨水。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However, the best thing of a folding fan was the pictures on it. If a famous person painted the fan, it could cost a lot of money.”可知，折扇上画的画使其特别有价值。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It developed an app ‘Folding Fan’ which introduces the skills for making traditional folding fans.”可知，“折扇”应用程序有助于介绍传统折扇的制作技巧，D选项正确。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了中国扇子的历史、种类和价值，以及现代科技如何帮助传承扇子制作技艺。文章强调了中国扇子不仅仅是用来降温的工具，更是中国传统文化的象征。因此，C选项“中国扇子：不仅仅是降温工具”最能概括文章的主旨。故选C。 （2） （2025·江苏徐州·三模）Plants are more than just pretty to look at. They give us fruits, vegetables and food we eat. Some plants even provide materials for medicine or building things. But do you know that plants can do something even more amazing? They can make our homes, schools and workplaces much healthier. We spend a large part of our day indoors. Unluckily, the air inside buildings can often be full of harmful chemicals (化学物质) from many things around us. This poor air quality (质量) can make us feel sick, cause eye problems, and even make it hard for us to breathe (呼吸). When the air inside buildings gets really bad, people even call them “sick buildings”. The good news is that plants are like nature’s super heroes. They have a magic power fighting against bad air. Plants breathe in carbon dioxide () and breathe out oxygen () which we humans need to live. They can also add moisture (水分) to the air if it’s too dry, making it more comfortable for us to breathe. ________ Scientists have discovered that plants have the ability to take in harmful chemicals, making the air around us safer to breathe. They set up a completely closed building called “bio-home” for experiments. Before they added plants, the air inside was full of chemicals and people found it hard to breathe. Then scientists added different kinds of plants in it. After a while, they used a special machine to test the air quality. The air got much cleaner and it became easier to breathe. People could go inside without feeling unwell. Scientists found out the building wasn’t a “sick building” any more. So you see, plants are incredible! They are not only beautiful to look at, but they also provide us with food, help create materials and play an important role in our health. They make our indoor environments cleaner and healthier, making us feel better. Next time you see a plant, remember all the amazing things it can do for us! 1．How do plants improve the air inside buildings? A．They produce oxygen for people. B．They provide people with food. C．They breathe out carbon dioxide. D．They give off harmful chemicals. 2．Which can be the best to fill in ________ in the passage? A．But plants can make the environment dry. B．But plants can provide what humans need to eat. C．But one interesting thing plants can do is to build things. D．But the most amazing thing plants can do is to clean the air. 3．What does the underlined word “incredible” mean? A．Fantastic. B．Dangerous. C．Different. D．Strange. 4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Plants make people look much better. B．Plants make it easier to build houses. C．Plants are good for indoor environment. D．Plants are important for providing food. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了植物在改善室内环境方面的重要作用，强调了植物不仅能提供食物和观赏价值，还能净化空气，使室内环境更健康。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Plants breathe in carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen which we humans need to live.”可知，植物通过吸入二氧化碳并呼出人类生存所需的氧气来改善室内空气。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Scientists have discovered that plants have the ability to take in harmful chemicals, making the air around us safer to breathe.”可知，科学家发现植物能够吸收有害化学物质，使周围的空气更安全，更利于呼吸。这是植物最令人惊奇的功能之一，与前文提到的植物能产生氧气、增加空气湿度等功能相比，更进一步强调了植物对空气的净化作用。因此，D选项“But the most amazing thing plants can do is to clean the air.”（但植物能做的最令人惊奇的事情是净化空气）最符合文意，适合填入空白处。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“They are not only beautiful to look at, but they also provide us with food, help create materials and play an important role in our health. They make our indoor environments cleaner and healthier, making us feel better.”可知，植物不仅美观，还能提供食物、帮助创造材料，并在我们的健康中扮演重要角色，使室内环境更清洁、更健康。由此可推断，作者认为植物是非常了不起的，因此“incredible”在此处的意思应为“极好的，了不起的”，与A选项“Fantastic”意思相近。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“They make our indoor environments cleaner and healthier, making us feel better.”以及全文内容可知，作者主要想告诉我们植物对室内环境有好处，能够净化空气，使室内环境更清洁、更健康。因此，C选项“Plants are good for indoor environment.”（植物对室内环境有好处）最能概括文章主旨。故选C。 （3） （2025·江苏徐州·三模）Made-in-China products were really great at the 2024 Paris Olympics! High-tech products helped athletes do their best. Let’s see how “Made in China” impressed the world. For example, the table tennis table is amazing. When you touch it, it feels like smooth ice because of a special high-tech material. There are chips (芯片) in the table that can show colorful lights. They make a cool atmosphere for athletes when they come in and after matches. China also provided 35,000 table tennis balls. The table tennis balls are also made in China. Before they go to Paris, they have to pass 15 checks, like checking if they are round, hard enough, the right weight and have good elasticity (弹力). Only a few balls out of every 100 are chosen for the Olympics. Chinese companies didn’t stop there. They made sports equipment for wrestling, boxing, judo, cycling, and gymnastics. A special camera technology called “bullet time” was used in beach volleyball and tennis. This allowed audiences to watch slow-motion replays clearly, just like in action movies. Even the mats (垫子) had surprises! The wrestling and judo mats from China used smart chips for the first time. These chips can tell how strong and fast athletes are when they move. Outside the stadiums, Chinese creativity shone brightly. On July 14, there was a fireworks and lighting show in Paris to celebrate the Olympic flame coming. There were 1,100 drones from China. And more than 50 good LED screens for the Paris Olympics are from China. Fans also loved Chinese-made souvenirs (纪念品). About 80% of the Olympic mascot (吉祥物) dolls (“Phryges”) were made in China. Cheering sticks and other products from China were popular in gift shops too. 1．What does the underlined word “They” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．High-tech materials. B．Chips. C．Athletes. D．Colorful lights. 2．What is special about the table tennis balls made in China for the 2024 Paris Olympics? A．They are the hardest table tennis balls. B．They are all chosen for the Olympics. C．They can change color during the game. D．They have to pass strict quality checks. 3．Why is the “bullet time” technology used in the 2024 Paris Olympics? A．Because it can help athletes train better. B．Because it lets audience see replays more clearly. C．Because it can help judges make faster decisions. D．Because it can help coaches analyze the matches. 4．What percentage of the “Phryge” dolls are from China? A．About 50%. B．About 60%. C．About 80%. D．About 90%. 5．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Only sports equipment made in China is used in the 2024 Paris Olympics. B．The 2024 Paris Olympics mainly uses Chinese products for cost-saving reasons. C．Chinese products are of high quality and play important roles in the 2024 Paris Olympics. D．Made-in-China products are only popular for their appearance in the 2024 Paris Olympics. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国制造的高科技产品在2024年巴黎奥运会上的出色表现及其对赛事的重要贡献。 1．词句猜测题。根据“There are chips (芯片) in the table that can show colorful lights. They make a cool atmosphere for athletes when they come in and after matches.”可知，桌上的芯片能发出彩色灯光，彩色灯光在比赛前后为运动员营造了一个酷的氛围，所以划线部分指代的是“colorful lights”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“table tennis balls are also made in China. Before they go to Paris, they have to pass 15 checks”可知，其质量控制严格。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“A special camera technology called ‘bullet time’ was used in beach volleyball and tennis. This allowed audiences to watch slow-motion replays clearly, just like in action movies.”可知，“bullet time”技术用于让观众更清晰地观看慢动作回放。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“About 80% of the Olympic mascot (吉祥物) dolls (‘Phryges’) were made in China.”可知，80%的吉祥物玩偶产自中国。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文通过乒乓球桌、运动器材、智能芯片垫子、无人机等例子，说明中国产品以高质量和创新技术助力奥运会。故选C。 （4） （2025·江苏徐州·三模） There is a saying that “an elephant never forgets” and research has shown this is somewhat true. Elephants are very good at remembering which animals are friendly and which are dangerous. Older elephants use this skill to keep the rest of their group safe from dangers. Squirrels also have quite good memories. In autumn, they bury lots of nuts in the ground to store them for winter. They depend on their memory and sense of smell to find the nuts and dig them back up to eat them. What about the other animals? Do they have a good memory? Scientists have tested how well goats, sheep and alpacas could remember where food was hidden. In one experiment, they placed food under two out of eight buckets in an area. The animals were then brought back later to see if they could remember which buckets held the food. The goats found the food fastest and made fewer mistakes. Sheep struggled more, while alpacas were slow and often couldn’t finish in time. In another test, food was hidden under cups that were moved or mixed with empty ones. Goats still excelled. They easily remembered where the food was even when things changed. Sheep and alpacas, however, had trouble following the cups once they moved. The tests show that goats are smarter and have better memories than sheep and alpacas. Farm animals might be cleverer than we realize. 1．What do older elephants use their good memory for? A．To find more food for the group. B．To teach young elephants new skills. C．To keep the group safe from dangers. D．To make friends with friendly animals. 2．What can we infer about squirrels from the passage? A．They only use smell to find nuts. B．They share food with other animals. C．They remember every nut’s location perfectly. D．Their memory skills help them survive winter. 3．What does the underlined sentence “Goats still excelled” mean? A．Goats gave up looking for the food. B．Goats moved slower than the sheep. C．Goats needed human help to succeed. D．Goats did better than sheep and alpacas. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Animal Memory Skills B．How Squirrels Store Food C．Survival Skills in the Wild D．Secrets of Elephant Memories 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了不同动物，包括大象、松鼠、山羊、绵羊和羊驼的记忆能力。 1．细节理解题。根据“Older elephants use this skill to keep the rest of their group safe from dangers.”可知，老象利用它们的好记性来保护象群免受危险。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“In autumn, they bury lots of nuts in the ground to store them for winter. They depend on their memory and sense of smell to find the nuts and dig them back up to eat them.”可知，松鼠依赖它们的记忆和嗅觉来找到坚果并挖出来吃，以储备过冬的食物。因此，可以推断出松鼠的记忆能力有助于它们度过冬天。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Goats still excelled. They easily remembered where the food was even when things changed. Sheep and alpacas, however, had trouble following the cups once they moved.”可知，在测试中，即使事情发生了变化，山羊也很容易记住食物的位置，而绵羊和羊驼就很难跟上杯子。由此推知，山羊优于绵羊和羊驼。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了不同动物，包括大象、松鼠、山羊、绵羊和羊驼的记忆能力，并通过实验证明了山羊在这些动物中记忆能力最强。因此A项“动物记忆技能”适合为标题。故选A。 （5） （2025·江苏徐州·二模）1) Facial recognition technology (人脸识别技术) is widely used today. For example, the police use it to search for bad guys. It’s also used to unlock phones or doors. Now, a similar technology, known as facial detection (探测), is entering a new field: the business of advertising. 2) Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores. One facial detection system can tell a person’s “happiness” or “fear” level. That helps businesses see how people feel as they look at the products or advertisements in the store. Another system can detect whether someone is wearing eyeglasses. If so, stores can send advertisements for new glasses to him. 3) Facial detection technology is also placed inside some large advertising boards. Cameras in those boards can detect information like people’s ages and five levels of feelings—from “very happy” to “very unhappy”. 4) Supporters of the technology say it could improve buyers’ experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices. 5) Some are against the idea of using such systems. Pam Dixon, the head of a privacy group, is one of them. She thinks the strange actions may cause something unfair. For example, a business could raise the price of a product according to a person’s age and feelings. 6) However, one store testing the technology explained they wouldn’t store people’s information like names or ages. And the advertising board system maker said it didn’t keep any personal information or record any videos. 1．Facial detection technology can tell people’s ______ according to the passage. A．weight B．feelings C．height D．jobs 2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Businesses. B．Systems. C．Customers. D．Advertisements. 3．We can infer from the passage that facial detection technology ______. A．can detect buyers’ names and record them B．can’t store personal information C．may be used to sell cheaper goods in all stores D．may need some time before being widely used 4．The structure of this passage is ______. A．B．C． D． 5．This passage is mainly about ______. A．facial recognition technology entering an old field B．facial recognition technology looking for bad guys C．facial detection technology going into the advertising field D．facial detection technology improving buyers’ experience 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了面部检测技术在商业广告领域的应用，人们对这项技术有不同的看法，有的人认为这是侵犯了个人的隐私，系统制造商解释这并不会保存个人的任何信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“One facial detection system can tell a person’s “happiness” or “fear” level.”可知，一个面部检测系统可以判断一个人的“快乐”或“恐惧”程度。因此人脸检测技术可以根据感觉来判断人们的表情。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Supporters of the technology say it could improve buyers’ experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices.”可知，这项技术可以通过展示他们可能喜欢的产品或以更低的价格向他们提供产品来改善客户的体验。根据前后文含义以及结合选项可知，此处“they”指的是“客户”。故选C. 3．推理判断题。根据“Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores.”可知，这种系统正在少数商店进行测试。由此可推断，人脸检测系统在被广泛使用之前还需要一段时间，故选D。 4．篇章结构题。根据“Facial recognition technology is widely used today. For example, the police use it to search for bad guys. It’s also used to unlock phones or doors. Now, a similar technology, known as facial detection, is entering a new field: the business of advertising.”可知，第一段总体提出面部检测，正在进入一个新的领域：广告业务；接下来文章从不同的方面介绍面部检测的推广和使用情况以及人们担心的问题，选项A符合结构，故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Now, a similar technology, known as facial detection, is entering a new field: the business of advertising.”现在，一种被称为面部检测的类似技术正在进入一个新的领域：广告业务。由此可知，文章主要介绍了人脸检测系统在商业广告领域的应用。故选C。 （6） （2025·江苏徐州·二模）Wang Jibing, known as “The Delivery Poet”, comes from Pizhou, Jiangsu Province. Years ago, he moved to Kunshan, Suzhou to find better work opportunities. Life has been challenging for him. He tied many jobs-to make a living. He once worked under the hot sun as construction worker, building houses for others. When life became harder, he even collected waste materials. However, he never gave up his love for writing poems. Over 20 years, he wrote more than 3,000 poems. Two of his popular works, “Chasing Dreams on the Road” and “Love in Ordinary Life”, have inspired many people. This year brought him wonderful news. He received an invitation to attend the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala. This meant he could not only watch the famous show, but also participate in it. It was an exciting chance he never expected. At first, Wang felt nervous during rehearsals. Standing on the big stage with many people watching, he even forgot his words once. But he didn’t give up. After practicing many times, he gradually became more confident and performed better. His story shows that with hard work and persistence, dreams can come true. 1．What does the underlined word “persistence” most likely mean? A．Giving up easily B．Continuing to try despite difficulties C．Feeling happy all the time D．Being afraid of challenges 2．What jobs did Wang Jibing do to make a living? A．Teacher and writer B．Delivery worker and farmer C．Construction worker and waste collector D．Singer and actor 3．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the CCTV Spring Festival Gala B．To encourage people to collect waste materials C．To describe how to write good poems D．To share an inspiring story of overcoming challenges 4．Which sentence best summarizes Wang Jibing’s story? A．Life is always easy if you work hard. B．Success comes from never giving up on your dreams. C．Everyone should become a poet. D．The Spring Festival Gala is the most important event. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了被称为“外卖诗人”的王吉兵在生活困境中坚持写诗，最终受邀参加央视春晚的励志故事。 1．词义猜测题。根据“he never gave up his love for writing poems”及“After practicing many times, he gradually became more confident”可知，他不放弃对于写诗的热爱，即坚持写诗，“persistence”意为“坚持”，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“He once worked under the hot sun as construction worker...he even collected waste materials”可知，王吉兵做过建筑工人和废品收集者。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。全文围绕王吉兵克服生活挑战、坚持梦想并最终成功的经历展开，旨在“分享一个克服挑战的励志故事”。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，王吉兵的故事核心是“成功源于永不放弃梦想”，与“Success comes from never giving up on your dreams.”相符。故选B。 （7） （2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测） ①Recent studies suggest plants might “communicate” in ways humans are only beginning to understand. Researchers at the University of Nanjing have discovered that when plants are under stress—such as insect attacks or not having enough water—they let out airborne chemicals called volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These VOCs are like messages to neighboring plants and make them start their protection ways. ②For example, when a tomato plant is bitten by caterpillars, it gives out some special VOCs. Nearby plants detect these chemicals and begin producing bad-tasting things in their leaves, so insects don’t like them as much. This phenomenon, which we call “plant eavesdropping”, challenges the traditional view of plants as passive living things. ③To test this further, scientists designed an experiment. They placed healthy bean plants in airtight chambers (密闭舱) next to chambers with plants that have little pests (害虫). Within 24 hours, the healthy plants began turn on their protection genes, even though they had no direct contact with the pests. ④How do plants “hear” these messages? The answer lies in their leaves. Tiny holes called stomata not only control the air coming in but also take in VOCs from the air. Once they take them in, the chemicals make the plant’s cells to something to get ready for possible dangers. ⑤This discovery has practical points. Farmers could potentially use synthetic VOCs to “warn” crops of coming pest attacks, reducing pesticide use. As Dr. Li Wei, the lead researchers, stated, “Plants have been talking all along—we just needed to learn their language.” 1．Which paragraph explains HOW plants detect chemical messages? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 2．Where does the following sentence best fit? “Surprisingly, the healthy plants showed no physical harm but still started protective steps.” A．After① B．After② C．After③ D．After④ 3．Which conclusion is supported by the experiment in paragraph ③? A．Plants only react to direct physical contact. B．Airborne chemicals alone can start plant protection ways. C．Stomata are useless in pest resistance (抵抗). D．Synthetic VOCs harm crop growth. 4．What type of writing is this text? A．A fictional story B．A historical report C．An opinion essay D．A scientific explanation 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】文介绍了植物如何通过释放和检测VOCs来进行“交流”和自我保护的新发现。 1．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段明确解释了植物如何通过叶子上的气孔来检测和吸收空气中的VOCs，从而“听到”这些化学信息。故选D。 2．推理判断题。第三段描述了科学家设计的实验，其中健康的植物在没有直接接触害虫的情况下也启动了保护基因，“Surprisingly, the healthy plants showed no physical harm but still started protective steps.”与实验结果相呼应，因此该句最适合放在第二段之后，提出“健康的植物没有表现出身体上的伤害，但仍然开始采取保护措施。”这一观点，引出第三段内容。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，本段实验表明，健康的植物在没有直接接触害虫的情况下，仅仅因为附近的植物释放了VOCs，就启动了它们的保护基因。这支持了“仅空气中的化学物质就能启动植物的保护方式”的结论。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了植物如何通过释放和检测VOCs来进行“交流”和自我保护的新发现，这是基于科学研究的解释，因此属于科学说明文。故选D。 （8） （2024·广东广州·一模）A company called OpenAI has recently announced a new version (版本) of its AI artist, DALL-E 2. Given just a short sentence describing a picture, the tool can create different pictures in many different styles. The name “DALL-E” mixes the name of the robot in the movie WALL-E, and the name of the famous Spanish artist Salvador Dalí. He painted amazing but impossible pictures. Like Dalí, DALL-E 2 can create pictures that are unbelievable, for example, Teddy bears doing crazy experiments as scientists. OpenAI has already changed the world once with its AI writing tool, GPT-3. GPT-3 was trained on a great deal of writing in many different styles. When it came out in 2020, it surprised people by quickly creating complete and well-written articles in different styles. It is so powerful that OpenAI has tried to be prudent when it comes to how it allows people to use the tool, to make sure that it isn’t used for harmful purposes. DALL-E actually grew out of an effort to make full use of GPT-3 to pictures. OpenAI released the first version of DALL-E in 2021. DALL-E 2 is even more powerful. DALL-E 2 has been trained on huge numbers of pictures with matching descriptions, which means it “knows” a lot about how different things look, even when they’re shown in different styles, such as a photo, a painting or even a cartoon. Does DALL-E 2 have anything new? The user can select an area of an image and ask DALL-E 2 to put something into the picture, or take it out. Some artists are worried that it will take their place if a computer system can create such high-quality pictures so conveniently. OpenAI says the tool will allow artists to be creative in new ways. To make sure the tool is properly used, OpenAI already has strict rules about the types of pictures that can be created with DALL-E. One of those rules avoids DALL-E to create realistic pictures of actual people. By now, the company hasn’t released DALL-E 2. Instead, it is allowing a small number of people to work with the tool to learn more about what works well, and to discover possible problems. 1．Where does the name “DALL-E” come from? A．From a film and a robot. B．From a toy and a robot. C．From an artist and a robot. D．From a company and a movie. 2．What does the underlined word “prudent” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．careful B．confident C．patient D．hard-working 3．How is DALL-E 2 different from DALL-E 1? A．It applies GPT-3 to pictures. B．It writes in many different styles. C．It can tell the different appearances of things. D．It sets no rules about the types of pictures that can be created. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．How DALL-E 2 Makes Use of GPT-3 B．Why OpenAI Develops Its DALL-E2 C．DALL-E 2 HelpsOffer Artists New Jobs D．From Words, DALL-E 2 Creates Pictures 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了OpenAI公司最近宣布了其人工智能艺术家DALL-E 2的新版本，只需一句描述图片的短句，该工具就可以创建多种不同风格的不同图片。 1．细节理解题。根据“The name ‘DALL-E’ mixes the name of the robot in the movie WALL-E, and the name of the famous Spanish artist Salvador Dalí.”可知，这个名字混合了电影《WALL-E》中机器人的名字和西班牙著名艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利的名字。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“It is so powerful that OpenAI has tried to be prudent when it comes to how it allows people to use the tool, to make sure that it isn’t used for harmful purposes.”可知，它是如此强大，以至于OpenAI在如何允许人们使用该工具时试图保持谨慎，以确保它不会被用于有害目的，故此处划线部分和careful意义相近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Given just a short sentence describing a picture, the tool can create different pictures in many different styles.”可知，只要给出描述图片的简短句子，该工具就可以创建许多不同风格的不同图片。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了OpenAI公司最近宣布了其人工智能艺术家DALL-E 2的新版本，只需一句描述图片的短句，该工具就可以创建多种不同风格的不同图片，选项D“从文字，DALL-E 2创造图片”为标题最合适。故选D。 （9） （2025·江苏常州·二模）US poet Allen Ginsberg once said, “Poetry (诗歌) is the one place where people can speak their original (独创的) human mind.” To know the special ability of poetry to catch the human spirit, World Poetry Day is held by the United Nations on March 21 each year. The magic of poetry lies in the connection built up through words between the writer and the reader. When we read a poem, we often imagine what the poet was thinking when he wrote it, or what he was doing at the time. These thoughts let us connect with the words better, as if we’d written the poem ourselves. But in the age of artificial intelligence (AI，人工智能), would a poem still mean as much if it wasn’t written by a human at all? Today, computers can create all kinds of texts, including research papers, books, news stories and even poems. In 2013, Australian researcher Oscar Schwartz and his friend Benjamin Laird created a website called “bot or not”, where readers can read poems and guess whether they were written by a human or a computer. During a recent speech at Ted X Sydney, Schwartz said that all over the years, some of the website’s poems were able to fool 65 percent of human readers into thinking they were written by a human. By creating the website, Schwartz and Laird hoped that people would doubt the difference between humans and machines—and be able to tell what makes us humans. “The human mind is not a cold, hard fact,” Schwartz said during his speech. A computer may be able to create poems that are correct in both grammar and style, but it wouldn’t be able to get the same meanings and feelings across as a human poet could. In fact, now AI software creates poems based on ones that have already been written by humans. As Schwartz noted, “The computer works like a mirror that reflects (反映) any idea of a human.” 1．Why is World Poetry Day held every year? A．To understand how poetry expresses human spirits. B．To compare the poetry written by humans and computers. C．To teach people how to write beautiful poetry. D．To show readers the poetry written by computers. 2．Which of the following may the writer agree with? A．Computers can replace humans in poetry writing. B．Computers can speak original human mind. C．Computers can’t show feelings as well as humans. D．Computers are as emotional as human poets. 3．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Intelligent computer poets. B．A mirror of human ideas. C．Poetry by humans or computers. D．The importance of poetry. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文探讨了诗歌捕捉人类精神的能力，以及人工智能创作诗歌的局限性，强调人类情感的独特性。 1．细节理解题。根据“To know the special ability of poetry to catch the human spirit, World Poetry Day is held by the United Nations on March 21 each year.”可知，设立世界诗歌日是为了“了解诗歌捕捉人类精神的特殊能力”，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Schwartz said during his speech. A computer may be able to create poems that are correct in both grammar and style, but it wouldn’t be able to get the same meanings and feelings across as a human poet could.”可知，作者引用Schwartz的观点指出计算机无法像人类一样传递深层情感，故选C。 3．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕人类与AI创作诗歌的对比展开，选项C“人类还是计算机的诗”最全面概括主题。故选C。 （10） （2025·江苏常州·模拟预测）If you’ve ever thought that dogs seem to know when people are stressed, you are right. Scientists did an experiment (实验) which showed that dogs can tell the difference between the smell of people when they’re relaxed and when they’re stressed. Researchers worked with four dogs. They taught the dogs to use a special smell-testing device (装置) with three openings. The scientists used treats and rewards to train the dogs to find the correct openings. Over time, the dogs were given harder and harder smelling jobs. The final goal (目标) was to see if they could smell stress in the breath and sweat (汗水) of a person. All day long, our bodies go through changes and produce different chemicals (化学物). These chemicals come out in our breath and sweat, slightly changing the way we smell. But it wasn’t known if stress could cause changes that could be discovered. So the researchers collected breath and sweat samples (样本) from 36 different people. They got samples when the people were calm, and also when they were stressed. Then the researchers collected two more sweat and breath samples. The scientists used one of the stressed samples, along with two clean pieces of cloth, to train the dogs to find the stressed smell. Then came the challenge—the dogs had three choices: a sample from a calm person, a stressed sample from that same person, and a clean piece of cloth. In all, the dogs did 720 tests. They correctly identified the stressed sample about 94% of the time. The results make it clear that stress does have a smell that dogs can find. Scientists say the news could be especially useful in training service dogs, since their job is to help relieve (缓解) that stress. 1．What’s the purpose of the experiment? A．To know when people are stressed. B．To learn if dogs can smell stress. C．To teach dogs to find the correct opening. D．To check the breath and sweat of people. 2．Why did the scientists use samples of breath and sweat to test the dog? A．Because our bodies produce different sweat every day. B．Because stress could be changed by sweat and breath. C．Because our bodies become stronger day by day. D．Because they made our bodies smell different. 3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The importance of the experiment. B．The influence of the experiment. C．The process (过程) of the experiment. D．The result of the experiment. 4．What does the underlined word “identified” mean? A．Provided. B．Exchanged. C．Discovered. D．Prevented. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了科学家通过实验证明狗能够通过嗅觉分辨出人在放松和压力状态下的气味差异，并探讨了这一发现对训练服务犬的潜在用途。 1．细节理解题。根据“Scientists did an experiment (实验) which showed that dogs can tell the difference between the smell of people when they’re relaxed and when they’re stressed.”可知，实验目的是验证狗是否能嗅出压力。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“These chemicals come out in our breath and sweat, slightly changing the way we smell.”可知，是因为人体产生的化学物质通过汗液和呼吸释放，略微改变了我们的气味，也即是汗液和呼吸让我们的气味不同。故选D。 3．段落大意题。根据“They got samples when the people were calm, and also when they were stressed. Then the researchers collected two more sweat and breath samples. The scientists used one of the stressed samples, along with two clean pieces of cloth, to train the dogs to find the stressed smell.”可知，本段主要介绍了实验的过程。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据“They correctly identified the stressed sample about 94% of the time.”可知，是指狗狗正确识别压力样本的准确率约为94%，划线单词表示“识别出”，与discovered近义。故选C。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $