专题18 阅读理解--推理判断题精讲-2026届中考英语总复习（牛津译林版）

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦阅读理解推理判断题，覆盖细节推断、观点态度等六大题型，构建“题型分类-解题步骤-例题精析-综合训练”知识体系，通过“一圈二定三对比”等方法指导、真题案例分析及分层练习，帮助学生系统突破推理判断难点。 亮点在于融合思维品质与语言能力培养，如“魏蜀吴过”口诀助学生快速排除干扰项，代词指代“三步法”强化逻辑分析，综合训练题适配不同难度，可提升学生信息提取与推理能力，教师可依此精准把控复习节奏，实现高效备考。

专题18 阅读理解--推理判断题精讲 题型分类 题型1 细节推断 该题型主要考查学生快速定位和准确提取信息的能力。 “一圈二定三对比”助力解答细节推断题 1.“圈” 圈画出题干中的关键词，题干中除了用来提问的 “what、who、where、when、how、why...”等疑问词以外，还要注意出现的专有名词（人名、地名等），以及表示时间、数字、动作、因果关系等的词汇 2.“定” 通过扫读快速回原文寻找含有对应关键词的语句，确定答题依据 3.“对比” 将定位到的对应信息和选项进行对比，通过关键词前后的转折性词汇（but/however）、并列结构（and前后的感情色彩一致）、同义替换（look after与take good care of）等方法确定答案 正确选项特征： ·正确选项是尊重原文或基于原文进行合乎逻辑的推理、归纳总结得出的。 ·正确选项通常使用原文中的同义词或相似结构，不会采用与原文完全一样的词句。 ·正确选项通常是对原文词句、段落的归纳或推理。 ·正确选项通常采用改编原文句子结构或转变原文叙述角度的方式设置。 干扰项特征： 含绝对化词汇（如never、all）或与关键词无关的内容。 口诀记忆 魏蜀吴过 魏:未正确理解文章内容的选项 蜀:属原文信息的选项 吴:无中生有的选项（符合常识，但文中未提及） 过：过度推理的选项 例题1 China has become the world's largest producer and market of EVs（电车）. According to a report, 9.587 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.495 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported（出口）. The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto（汽车） China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands（品牌）. China's EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It's reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation（创新） will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points（充电站）. On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 细节推断题 EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by _ _ _ _ . A．improving innovation ability B．winning the government's support C．adding more charging points D．dealing with environmental problems 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 圈出题干中的关键词 Step 2 通过扫读定位原文对应内容 根据题干中的关键词可定位到第三段中的第三句“EV makers without the ability of innovation will face growing risks.”和第四句“...Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support.” 逻辑链： 缺乏创新→风险增加→改进技术，也就是说“技术创新”是解决方案。 Step 3 分析选项，排除干扰项，确定答案 选项 分析 A. improving innovation ability 与原文中的ability of innovation直接对应，是电车制造商减少风险的核心方法 B. winning the government's support 虽然政府支持对行业发展有帮助，但文中并未提到这是电车制造商减少风险的方法 C. adding more charging points 增加充电站可以推动电车行业的发展，但并不是电车制造商减少风险的手段 D. dealing with environmental problems 应对环境问题是消费者选择购买电车的原因之一，但文中并未提及这是电车制造商减少风险的方法 分析：题干问的是电车制造商如何减少风险，需聚焦企业自身能力，比如技术创新等，而非外部因素，所以正确答案为A项。 题型2 观点态度/人物评价 知识归纳 正面：positive（积极的）、hopeful（有希望的）、successful（成功的）、beneficial（有益的）、warm-hearted（热心的）、patient（有耐心的）、selfless（无私的） 负面：disappointing（令人失望的）、harmful（有害的）、critical（挑剔的）、worried（担忧的）、careless（粗心的）、lazy（懒惰的）、selfish（自私的） 中立态度：objective（客观的）、neutral（中立的） 例题2 China has become the world's largest producer and market of EVs（电车）. According to a report, 9.587 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.495 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported（出口）. The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto（汽车） China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands（品牌）. China's EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It's reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation（创新） will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points（充电站）. On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 观点态度题 What's the writer's attitude （态度） towards the future of China's EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 根据文章主题句判断 （1）关注首尾段 首段分析：本段用数据和事实强调中国在电车领域的领先地位，奠定了积极的基调。 末段分析：第一句“EVs are the way of the future.”和第四句“It is very likely that China will hold the lead.”直接表达出对电车未来的肯定，并明确中国将持续领先，体现了作者乐观的态度。 （2）分析用词的褒贬与感情色彩 褒义词汇：encouraging（支持）、develops very quickly（发展迅速）、improve technologies（提升技术）、gain greater rewards（获得更大的回报） 结论：高频使用的是褒义词，表明作者对中国电车行业的认可/期待 。 （3）注意转折词后的态度 文章第三段提到挑战：“...EV brands cut prices...EV makers without...will face growing risks.”但后文用短语At the same time 和On the other hand引出积极的应对措施：“government is adding even more charging points”（政府行动）和“people are aware of the environmental problems...”（公众环保意识提升） 分析：作者承认中国电车行业面临的挑战，但更强调各方积极的应对措施和美好前景，态度偏向抱有希望的 而非担忧的（抱有希望的/担忧的）。 Step 2 分析选项，排除干扰项，确定答案 选项 分析 A. Uncertain.（不确定的） 文中多次用事实数据（如产量、出口量），且文末用到了表示高概率推测的表述（very likely），所以排除此项 B. Hopeful.（抱有希望的） 文中的积极用语及数据支撑体现出作者持乐观积极的态度，所以B项为正确答案 C. Doubtful.（怀疑的） 作者承认挑战但未质疑行业前景，反而强调各方积极的应对措施和电车的优势，与怀疑态度矛盾 D. Worried.（担忧的） 作者虽然提到风险，但整体用词积极且突出应对措施 题型3 词义猜测 常见设题方式 ·What does the underlined word “...” in the passage mean? ·The underlined word “...” has the closest meaning to . ·What does the underlined word “...” mean in Paragraph 5? 解题步骤 Step 1 定位原文，精读上下文 找到画线词或短语所在的句子，并仔细阅读其前后的1~2句,上下文一般会提供直接线索。 Step 2 分析关键词和逻辑关系 识别关键词汇（如同义词、反义词、例子）和逻辑信号词（如so、 because、 but）。逻辑关系（因果、转折等）能直接提示词义。例如，so表示前后句子是因果关系，because解释原因。 Step 3 推断词义，排除干扰项 注意：句意猜测题的解题思路与词义猜测的一致 例题3 After the haircut It's getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair's journey is not over after the haircut. Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it's cut off? Some farmers do! What comes up? Not wigs（假发）, but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen（氮） that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. If you've got a wool sweater on, you're wearing a sheep's haircut. Sheep grow fine curly（弯曲的） fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don't feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn't catch fire easily. What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace（微量） of chemicals（化学物质） that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure: it's not just for wigs any more. 词义猜测题 What does the underlined part “shear the sheep” mean?（ ） A．Give enough food to the sheep. B．Wash the sheep many times. C．Find a living place for the sheep. D．Cut the wool off the sheep. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 定位原文，精读上下文 根据画线部分shear the sheep可定位到第 段。精读画线句的上下文，上下文反复提到wool和hair，并强调羊毛的保暖功能。下文中的use the hair表明羊毛被移除和利用。 Step 2 分析关键词和逻辑关系 画线部分所在句中的so是表结果 的连词，由此推出“shear the sheep”是原因，“the sheep don't feel too hot”是结果。 逻辑推断：因果链是“羊毛保暖→羊夏天太热→农民‘shear'羊→羊变凉快”。 Step 3 推断词义，排除干扰项 根据画线部分在情境中的含义推断，“shear the sheep”这一动作完成后，羊夏天不感到热了，并且羊毛用于制衣。所以“shear the sheep”最合理的意思是“剪掉 ““””羊毛”。故正确答案为D项。 题型4 代词指代 该题型要求学生根据一定的语境推测代词（如that、this、it、they、them、one等）所指代的内容。理解相关句子的意思及上下文之间的逻辑关系是解题的关键。 三原则 1.一致性原则：代词和它指代的对象在数量、性别上保持一致。she、her指代前面提到的女性，he、him指代前面提到的男性；they、them指代前面提到的两个及以上的人或其他复数可数名词，it指代前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词。 2.近指原则：代词应该指代离它最近的且在数量和性别上一致的名词。例如，“My brother and I went to the store. He bought a toy.”中的He应该指代My brother。 3.上下文原则：根据上下文判断代词所指代的内容。例如，“My pen is broken. I need a new one.”中的one所指代的名词是pen。 三步法 Step 1明确指代词位置：代词所在句及前后1~2句是重点关注内容；注意并列句（并列句常由and或but连接）中的指代一致性。 Step 2匹配指代一致性：检查单复数是否匹配（they不能指代单数名词）；确认性别一致性（she不能指代男性）。 Step 3替换搭配法检验：将推测的指代对象代入原句，验证语义和逻辑是否正确。 例题4 When I was little, I was really little. But my dream was big. I dreamed of being a basketball player. I tried out for the teams at school, but I was never given a chance. As I got older, I did grow a little bigger, but not a lot bigger. On my 12th birthday, I decided to try a new sport: running. I told Grandpa, “I'm going to be an athlete.” “Dave,” Grandpa began gently, “if you can't be big, you can do something big.” I ran 12 miles on my 12th birthday. On my 13th birthday, I did it again, but I added an extra mile. On my 14th birthday, I ran 14 miles. 15 on my 15th, 16 on my 16th, and you guessed it—17 miles on my 17th birthday. All this running inspired（激发） another big dream. Someday, I'd run the Boston Marathon（波士顿马拉松赛）. I told Grandpa about my decision. “But, Dave, you haven't trained for the marathon. Are you sure you're ready?” Grandpa asked. But he still promised to walk over and cheer me on. I ran fast that day. But I fell at Mile 18 and was driven to the hospital. Later that night, I called Grandpa and told him I failed. “No,” he said calmly, “you didn't fail. You discovered something.” “I did?” I asked. “Yes, you discovered that big dreams don't just come true. They take work. If you train and work hard, I promise to wait for you next year and cheer you on.” I trained every day, running miles and miles. Sadly, just two months into my training, Grandpa died. He wouldn't be waiting for my second Boston Marathon. I decided I'd run for him. That day, I ran fast. “Keep going! You can do it!” His words filled my head as I forced my legs to make each painful step. As I crossed the finish line, I threw my arms in the air and cried, “Grandpa, we did it!” 代词指代题 What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to?（ ） A．Adding an extra mile. B．Running on his birthday. C．Training for the marathon. D．Trying out for the basketball team. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 明确指代词位置 根据题干中的“paragraph 4”和加粗的“it”的位置可知，需重点搜索第四段。 Step 2 匹配指代一致性 代词“it”用来指代前面提到的内容，初步判断答案应在“I ran 12 miles on my 12th birthday.”一句中。结合“it”所在句中的时间状语on my 13th birthday可判断，it指的应是在生日当天跑步这件事。 Step 3 替换搭配法检验（代入原句核查，并确定答案） 结合“it”前面的动词did可判断，it指的是可以做的一件事，结合后面的“but I added an extra mile”及“On my 14th birthday, I ran 14 miles. 15 on my 15th, 16 on my 16th, and you guessed it—17 miles on my 17th birthday.”可确定答案为B项。 题型5 文章出处 常见设题方式 ·Where can we probably read the text? ·Where can the text be found? ·In which part of a newspaper can you read the passage? 解题步骤 Step 1 确定文章体裁 Step 2 分析文章主要内容 Step 3 对比选项，判断文章出处/来源 常见的文章特点及对应的出处/来源 特点 出处/来源 ·文章具有很强的时效性 ·关键词news，文章内容包括时间、地点、人物、事件 newspaper/news report 出现电影、活动、节目等的名称，且出现价格、时间、地点等信息 advertisement 介绍某一地区的风景名胜、特色美食或地域文化 travel guide 介绍说明科普知识或科学研究（阶段性）成果 science report/study report 介绍某设备或产品 product instructions/product guide 出现网络图标、网址或click、 homepage等词 website 涉及科学假设，推演未知等内容 science fiction 例题5 After the haircut It's getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair's journey is not over after the haircut. Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it's cut off? Some farmers do! What comes up? Not wigs（假发）, but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen（氮） that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. If you've got a wool sweater on, you're wearing a sheep's haircut. Sheep grow fine curly（弯曲的） fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don't feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn't catch fire easily. What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace（微量） of chemicals（化学物质） that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure: it's not just for wigs any more. 文章出处题 In which part of a magazine can we probably read this passage?（ ） A．History. B．Fashion. C．Science. D．Health. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 确定文章体裁 分析文章内容：文章以头发/羊毛为线索，说明了毛发的多种用途，文章的体裁为说明文。 Step 2 分析文章主要内容 文章主题：头发/羊毛的多种用途。 关键科学词汇：nitrogen（氮）、trace（微量）、chemicals（化学物质）、solve crimes（破案） Step 3 对比选项，判断文章出处/来源 选项 是否匹配文本内容（√/×） 理由 A. History. × 无历史事件、人物或时代背景等描述 B. Fashion. × 仅提及“造型乐趣”，不是主要内容,文章的核心是毛发的用途 C. Science. √ 涉及农业、化学、物理、医学等多领域的科学知识 D. Health. × “有害化学物质检测”仅是头发的其中一个用途 由此可推断，正确答案为C项。 题型6 后文预测 该题型主要考查学生获取和梳理语篇中一系列事件的主题和因果关系、预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局或者根据已知信息合理预测下文内容的能力。 解题步骤 Step 1 定位逻辑关键点，锁定预测依据（将表达未来事件的相关语句作为重点推理依据） （1）精读题干指定段落（如要求预测结尾，则重点读最后1~2段）。 （2）画出因果标志词（so、because、therefore）、转折标志词（but、however）、总结标志词汇（in conclusion、one thing is for sure）或问题句（Have you ever...?）。 Step 2 梳理事件关系 梳理文章中讲述的事件的关系，找出未解决的矛盾或未完结的探索。 Step 3 分析预测类型 类型 文本特征 预测结局 结尾没有总结句或提出开放式问题 预测下文内容 段落末尾提出新问题或新现象 预测伏笔发展 前文埋下伏笔，细节未展开（如solve crimes相关情节） Step 4 合理预测排除干扰 预测原则： 必须基于文本线索，禁止引入外部知识。 干扰项特征： 脱离前文主题或重复已提及内容。 例题6 My friend Julie and I are keen on creating a beautiful green town. Gardening Course Every September, our city has a special festival. Crowds of happy people go to the park, waving ribbons in their hands. That's because the gardening competition takes place there. For Julie and me, it was a pity that we couldn't take part in the competition, for that was also the first day of our high school. We buried ourselves in choosing courses. We wanted to learn all about plants, gardening and farming. Finally, a course called Agriculture and Wildlife came into our sight. We thought it would help us succeed as gardeners. Project presentation After a year's study, Julie advised me to give a presentation. There was a small plastic model of my idea on the table. On the other side of the table, my teachers were waiting to see my project—the green farm. “Good morning!” I said, “During my studies. I've learned a lot about city farming. Now, I want to do something with what I've learned.” I showed them the model. “This is the high street of our town. This is an old, nine-floor car park. No one has used it for the last two years and it's now for sale.” I continued the presentation. They could see my designs on the big screen when I talked. “I've designed a city farm using the car park building. There will be eight floors to farm fruit and vegetables. This design can help us collect rainwater to wet the soil. And we can also use energy from the sun to power the special growing lights.” “I will hire the space out to local people and they will sell everything good enough for the environment in local shops. Also, the ninth floor will be for those who want to grow their own plants.” My audience looked interested and my project got the highest mark in my class. But in the real world, it couldn't happen because the car park was not available. ▲ Later, Julie helped me search the town for the perfect place for gardening, not in front of the Town Hall or the shopping centre. We tried to look for something different. Somewhere that was not the best neighbourhood, but a poor one. One where the road was full of holes and the pavement（人行道） was all broken. At last, we made it. In the neighbourbood, we posted letters through people's doors with gardening instructions. More and more people cared about that and began to plant vegetable gardens. Then in the same neighbourhood, we put grass over those broken old pavements for the kids to play on. Finally, we put up a sign that said, “Have fun here.” When we finished, we were both covered in soil and completely exhausted. But Julie put an arm around my shoulders and smiled. “Not bad!” she said. “We can do more to make our town greener!” 后文预测题 According to the underlined sentence, Julie and the writer would most probably _ _ _ _ in the future.（ ） A．hire out their green farms for parking and camping B．find more open spaces to plant grass and vegetables C．sell their grass and vegetables to the neighbourhood D．put up more signs to ask kids to have fun on the grass 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 定位逻辑关键点，锁定预测依据 精读指定段落：画线句子位于文章尾/末 段，需重点分析最后1~2段。 预测依据：Julie所说的“do more”是核心点，暗示延续当前的行动并扩大（greener）。 Step 2 梳理事件关系 经以上分析可知，接下来作者和Julie的目标是做得更多——增加植被（grass/vegetables），让城镇更绿。 Step 3 分析预测类型 文章发展脉络为“提出梦想→想出方案→执行方案→树立新目标”，这里是基于开放性结尾预测下文/后文内容。 Step 4 合理预测排除干扰 推出结论：B项最合理，因为它对应了作者与Julie的新目标（找更多空地种草和蔬菜，才能让城镇更绿）。 综合训练 （1） （2025·江苏南京·三模）Long ago, Adana lived in a small village in Africa. Everyone in the village had jobs to do, and the villagers depended on one another. When Adana turned ten, her mother called for her. “Adana, it is time for you to take your place in the village. You shall be the water girl. Each morning, we need you to go down to the spring, fill these buckets (水桶) with water, and bring them back to the village before noon.” Adana took pride in being given such an important job. She picked up the yoke with the buckets, flung it over her back, and walked to the spring. When she arrived, she took a drink and then filled the buckets with clean, cool water. Adana looked at the sun. It was nearly noon and she knew the villagers were depending on her.    She turned to a water girl from a nearby village and asked, “How long will it take to carry this water back to my village?” The girl thoughtfully replied, “If you go slowly, it will not take very long. But, if you go fast, it will take you all day.” Adana listened, and thought about what the girl had told her. She did not believe the girl, and she climbed back up the bank and headed down the path toward her village. Adana started off slowly, but increased her speed with each step. Soon, she was slowly jogging back toward her village. Half way home, she stopped to take a little sip of water. When she did, she saw that the buckets were only half full. Water had been sloshing out along the path as she travelled. Disheartened, Adana turned back toward the spring. Once again, she filled the buckets with nice, clean water. Then, she walked slowly back toward the village. When she arrived, her little sister asked, “How long does it take to carry water back from the spring?” Adana smiled and said, “If you go slowly, it will not take very long. But if you go fast, it could take all day.” Adana’s little sister listened, but thought this was an odd thing to say. From that day forward, Adana walked quickly to the spring each morning. On her way home, she ________. 1．How did Adana feel about being given the job of bringing water to the village? A．She was pleased to have such an important job. B．She was worried about walking on the path on her own. C．She was not satisfied with the job because it was too difficult. D．She was happy to be able to work with her friend from another village. 2．What does the underlined word “disheartened” in the passage mean? A．more excited B．less excited C．more hopeful D．less hopeful 3．Which of the following can be put in the blank in the last paragraph? A．ran quickly and silently B．walked fast and carefully C．jogged slowly and quietly D．walked slowly and carefully 4．What lesson can be learned from this story? A．Time flies when you are having fun! B．It is important for people to work together. C．Taking time to do a job well can save time in the long run. D．Do not stop to talk to people when there is a job to be done. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了Adana为村子里的人们打水的事。 1．推理判断题。根据“Adana took pride in being given such an important job.”可知，她为自己有这么好的工作而感到自豪和骄傲。故可推知，她很高兴得到这样一份重要的工作。故选A。 2． 词义猜测题。根据“Water had been sloshing out along the path as she travelled.”以及“Disheartened, Adana turned back toward the spring. Once again, she filled the buckets with nice, clean water.”可知，她走着走着，水沿着小路溅了出来。Adana心灰意冷，她又一次把桶里装满了干净的水。因此“disheartened”表示“心灰意冷的”，与“less hopeful”语义相近。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“If you go slowly, it will not take very long. But if you go fast, it could take all day.”可推知，Adana应该是慢慢地小心地走回村子。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“If you go slowly, it will not take very long. But if you go fast, it could take all day.”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要告诉我们：从长远来看，花时间做好一项工作可以节省时间的道理。故选C。 （2） （2025·江苏南京·三模）Is the rise of AI doctors like something out of science fiction? No, it is truly happening now. In different parts of China, we can clearly see how AI is bringing big changes to the medical field. In February 2025, Beijing Children’s Hospital introduced China’s first AI children’s doctor. One day, an 8-year-old boy had sudden and unexplained epilepsy (癫痫). Thirteen top doctors tried hard to find out the best treatment. At the same time, the AI quickly looked into the boy’s medical history and symptoms (症状). In just a few minutes, it came up with a plan that was very similar to what the human doctors thought. In Shandong, a worried couple decided to try an AI tool called DeepSeek when their child felt unwell. After offering the blood test results, DeepSeek suggested that the boy probably had a bad cold and recommended some medicine. Surprisingly when they went to the hospital, the doctor prescribed the exact same medicine. Even in places that don’t have many medical resources, like some community hospitals in Wuhan and countrysides in Shandong, AI is giving a helping hand. In Wuhan, hospitals can now use AI to study CT in less than a minute. Before, it would take hours. In Shandong countrysides, there are AI systems that help patients describe how they feel and even make it easier for disabled people to get around in the hospitals. All these real-life examples show us two important things that AI technology can do. It can help top doctors make better decisions and it can also make everyone in the country get health care more easily. However, the discussions are still going on. As one doctor said, “AI technology can give us ideas, but the care and judgment (判断) that humans bring are still needed.” 1．Why does the writer start the passage by asking a question? A．To make a report. B．To do a survey. C．To have an interview. D．To introduce the topic. 2．Which is the meaning of the underlined word “prescribe” in Paragraph 3? A．To advise or order the use of medication. B．To recommend the use of AI. C．To set rules or steps that must be followed. D．To officially tell someone what to do. 3．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．In Wuhan community hospitals, it takes AI hours to study CT. B．In Beijing, an AI children’s doctor helped an 8-year-old boy with a bad cold. C．In Shandong countryside hospitals, AI can help the disabled get around easily. D．AI doctors can hardly make everyone in the country get health care more easily. 4．What does the writer think of AI technology? A．Touching. B．Worrying. C．Harmful. D．Helpful. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了AI如何为医疗领域带来重大变化。 1．推理判断题。根据“Is the rise of AI doctors like something out of science fiction? No, it is truly happening now. In different parts of China, we can clearly see how AI is bringing big changes to the medical field.”可知，文章开篇用问句是为了引出“AI医生”这一话题，引发读者思考。故选D。 2． 词句猜测题。根据“Surprisingly when they went to the hospital, the doctor prescribed the exact same medicine.”及前文可知，当他们去医院时，医生开了和DeepSeek建议的完全一样的药，因此划线词prescribed意为“给……开药”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“In Shandong countrysides, there are AI systems that help patients describe how they feel and even make it easier for disabled people to get around in the hospitals.”可知，山东乡村的AI系统能帮助残障人士更方便就医。故选C。 4．观点态度题。根据“All these real-life examples show us two important things that AI technology can do. It can help top doctors make better decisions and it can also make everyone in the country get health care more easily.”及全文可知，文中列举了AI在医疗方面的积极作用，因此作者读AI的态度是认为它很有帮助。故选D。 （3） （2025·江苏南京·二模）Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia, was set up in 1949 and put on the UNESCO World Heritage (遗产) list in 1979. The protected area covers over 296.85 square kilometres in central Croatia and is visited by about almost two million people a year. Its name is pronounced “pleet-veet-she” and comes from the Croatian word for “shallow” (浅的) because of its unusual shallow lakes. Special creation It is really an amazing and special place. Visitors are amazed by the brightly coloured lakes and waterfalls in shades of bright blue, green and grey. The colours change often, depending on the minerals or organisms in the water and the angle (角度) of the sunlight. The largest waterfall is 78 metres high. There are 12 upper lakes and 4 lower ones; they are connected to each other by the river system that flows through the park and becomes the Korana River when it leaves the lowest lake. Different trails There are about eight different trails you can follow, from 3 kilometres to 18 kilometres. Some include a boat trip across the Kozjak Lake. Most of the trails are made of stone or wood and are well marked, so you can’t get lost. Hikers have said the experience is like visiting a wonderland, because it is all so beautiful and peaceful. Plants and animals The park is heavily forested and there are at least 1,267 different types of plants, including flowering orchids. A great number of these plants are protected by law, as well as the park’s 50 types of mammals, which include brown bears, grey wolves, red deer and European wildcats. There are also at least 321 types of butterflies! ________ The park has never been a lonely nature reserve. Different groups of humans have lived here for thousands of years, and under Julius Caesar it became part of the Roman Empire. Even today there are 19 small villages within the park where the people try to keep up traditional customs, wear Croatian costumes and give dance shows for visitors. The Plitvice Lakes are a natural wonder of the world. Put them on your to-do list. Autumn is a lovely time to visit because of the beautiful colours, but be warned—everything freezes over in winter! 1．What is the best heading for ________? A．Natural Beauty B．Human History C．Amazing Wildlife D．Village Traditions 2．What can we learn about the way people live with nature in the park? A．Tradition and nature stay in balance. B．Traditions disappear as modern life grows. C．Human activities harm the natural resources. D．People live simply away from the modern world. 3．Sammy wants to visit Plitvice Lakes National Park. Which of her friends would be the best travel partner for her? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了克罗地亚的普利特维采湖群国家公园，包括其历史背景、自然景观、徒步路线、动植物资源以及人文历史等方面。 1．最佳标题题。根据“Different groups of humans have lived here for thousands of years, and under Julius Caesar it became part of the Roman Empire. Even today there are 19 small villages within the park where the people try to keep up traditional customs, wear Croatian costumes and give dance shows for visitors.”可知，不同的群体在这里生活了数千年，在尤利乌斯·凯撒统治时期，这里成为了罗马帝国的一部分。即使在今天，公园内仍有19个小村庄，村民们努力保持传统习俗，穿着克罗地亚服装，为游客表演舞蹈。由此可知，该部分主要介绍了该公园的人类历史和文化传统，因此最适合的标题是选项B“人类历史”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Even today there are 19 small villages within the park where the people try to keep up traditional customs, wear Croatian costumes and give dance shows for visitors.”可知，即使在今天，公园内仍有3个小村庄，村民们努力保持传统习俗，穿着克罗地亚服装，为游客表演舞蹈。由此可推断，公园内的人们在保持传统习俗的同时，也与自然和谐共处，即传统与自然保持平衡。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据“There are about eight different trails you can follow, from 3 kilometres to 18 kilometres. Some include a boat trip across the Kozjak Lake. Most of the trails are made of stone or wood and are well marked, so you can’t get lost. Hikers have said the experience is like visiting a wonderland, because it is all so beautiful and peaceful.”可知，公园内有大约八条不同的徒步路线，从3公里到18公里不等。有些路线还包括乘船穿越科兹亚克湖。大多数徒步路线由石头或木头制成，且标记清晰，因此不会迷路。徒步者表示，这种体验就像参观仙境一样，因为一切都如此美丽而宁静。由此可推断，对于想要参观普利特维采湖群国家公园的Sammy来说，一个喜欢徒步旅行、热爱自然的朋友会是最好的旅行伙伴。故选B。 （4） （2025·重庆沙坪坝·一模）Students in Denmark take national tests on a computer at different times. About 4 years’ test results, researchers found something interesting. Students who took the test in the morning scored higher than those who took it in the afternoon. So what happens? We might have noticed that in the afternoon we become less productive (有效率) and the work we do is of lower quality. A lot of people around the world experience the same thing every day. That’s called the afternoon slump (低迷) . Why does this happen? Our bodies are controlled by our circadian rhythm (昼夜规律) which is like a clock. It tells our bodies when to go to sleep and wake up. Our energy levels change with the circadian rhythm. We are smarter and more energetic during some parts of the day, while during others, we are less energetic. For example, during the night we experience a large drop in energy, especially between 2 a. m. to 4 a. m. . However, our energy slowly rises after waking up until it reaches a peak (峰值) in the late morning. But that peak is then followed by an afternoon low, which we call the afternoon slump. The low appears about seven hours after waking up, which is usually between 1 p. m. to 4 p. m. for most people. This is the time when people make more mistakes during the daytime. When the afternoon slump is over, it rises again. But as our body gets ready for sleep, it slowly drops. The afternoon slump is natural, but there are some ways to regain (恢复) energy. Stretching (拉伸) for even 20 seconds, taking a break for about 15 minutes, eating a bar of black chocolate and so on can have a huge influence on your energy levels. Hopefully, you have a better idea about the afternoon slump and what we can do about it. 1．How does the writer support his idea in the third paragraph? A．By comparing the fact. B．By explaining the reason. C．By giving an example. D．By listing some numbers. 2．What can we know about the “afternoon slump”? A．It only happens to students in Denmark. B．It makes students score higher in tests. C．It is caused by natural body rhythms. D．It’s a sign of serious health problems. 3．Which picture shows the change of the energy level with the time? A． B． C． D． 4．What can we infer according to the passage? A．It can be completely avoided by getting enough sleep. B．Our energy levels are the highest in the late morning. C．The afternoon slump is a problem that only students face. D．Simple actions like eating snacks may help get energy back. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了下午低迷现象及其原因，以及如何通过简单的方法恢复能量。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，作者通过解释昼夜规律来说明为什么下午会出现能量低迷的现象。因此，作者是通过解释原因来支持他的观点。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Why does this happen? Our bodies are controlled by our circadian rhythm (昼夜规律) which is like a clock. It tells our bodies when to go to sleep and wake up. Our energy levels change with the circadian rhythm.”以及第四段的描述可知，下午低迷现象是由我们身体的自然昼夜规律引起的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“For example, during the night we experience a large drop in energy, especially between 2 a. m. to 4 a. m. . However, our energy slowly rises after waking up until it reaches a peak (峰值) in the late morning. But that peak is then followed by an afternoon low, which we call the afternoon slump. The low appears about seven hours after waking up, which is usually between 1 p. m. to 4 p. m. for most people. This is the time when people make more mistakes during the daytime. When the afternoon slump is over, it rises again. But as our body gets ready for sleep, it slowly drops.”可知，在晚上，我们的能量会大幅下降，尤其是在凌晨2点到4点之间。然而，我们的能量在醒来后慢慢上升，直到上午晚些时候达到顶峰。但高峰过后是午后的低谷，我们称之为午后低谷。最低点出现在起床后7小时左右，对大多数人来说通常是在下午1点到4点之间。这是人们在白天犯更多错误的时间。当下午的低谷结束时，它会再次上涨。但当我们的身体准备睡觉时，它会慢慢下降。选项C图片符合，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“The afternoon slump is natural, but there are some ways to regain (恢复) energy. Stretching (拉伸) for even 20 seconds, taking a break for about 15 minutes, eating a bar of black chocolate and so on can have a huge influence on your energy levels.”可知，像拉伸、休息、吃黑巧克力等简单的行为可能会对能量水平有很大影响，帮助恢复能量，吃黑巧克力属于吃零食的一种，所以简单的行为如吃零食可能有助于恢复能量。故选D。 （5） （2025·山东济南·一模）Plastic is low-cost and long-lasting. It is not easily degraded (降解) because natural degradation processes can’t deal with its chemical components (成分). It takes in other ocean-present harmful substances. These chemical and dangerous components are gradually got into the atmosphere with additives such as colors which turns out to be really harmful when the plastic breaks down. The design and development of new plastic products was sped up after World War II. Life without plastic seemed impossible in the modern age. But even though plastic was quite convenient, the dark side of it was seen as people began to enjoy the throw-away community. Many plastic products, such as plastic bags, have a lifetime of a few minutes to hours. However, they’ll stay in the environment for hundreds of years. We are destroying the very world that nurtured us. Just 9% of plastic has been recycled and 12% burnt after production rose in the 1950s, which leaves about 79% of the 8.3 billion tons produced sitting in landfills (垃圾填埋场) or damaging our fields, oceans, and waterways. And each year the plastic ends up as contaminants. So to beat plastic pollution, we need to work together. While plastic burning reduces the amount of waste dumped into oceans and lands, harmful gases are still produced, which also leads to greenhouse gases. However, if we make a firm decision and use modern waste management methods, we will be able to create a safe and healthy world. It is high time that we as responsible global citizens, took on the duty of protecting our environment and made great effort in saving our mother earth, instead of just leaving everything to our government. So, ladies and gentlemen, let’s make a promise to successfully deal with plastic waste and protect our world from all possible risks. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The harm of plastic. B．The convenience of plastic. C．The protection of plastic. D．The use of plastic. 2．Which word can best describe the writer’s feeling in paragraph 2? A．Easy. B．Worried. C．Happy. D．Tired. 3．What does the underlined word “contaminants” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Things that cause pollution. B．Things that produce plastic. C．Things that cost money. D．Things that help people. 4．Which of the following may the writer agree with? A．Burning plastic is the best way. B．We shouldn’t produce plastic. C．We need to use less plastic in life. D．Government can solve problems alone. 5．From which is the text most probably taken? A．A short story. B．A speech. C．A newspaper. D．A notice. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐述了塑料污染的危害、人类对塑料的过度依赖以及呼吁全球公民共同行动解决塑料污染问题。 1．主旨大意题。根据“These chemical and dangerous components…when the plastic breaks down”可知，本段重点描述塑料难以降解的特性及其释放有害物质的危害。故选A。 2．观点态度题。根据“We are destroying the very world that nurtured us”可知，作者对塑料污染的严重后果感到忧虑。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“So to beat plastic pollution, we need to work together.”可知，塑料最终成为污染物。“contaminants”指污染物，与选项A意思相近。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“let’s make a promise to successfully deal with plastic waste and protect our world from all possible risks.”可知，生活中减少塑料的使用，能帮助处理塑料垃圾，保护我们的世界。作者可能会同意在生活中少用塑料。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据“ladies and gentlemen, let’s make a promise to successfully deal with plastic waste and protect our world from all possible risks.”等呼吁性语言及劝诫性内容可判断本文最可能来自演讲。故选B。 （6） （2024·江苏无锡·二模）Thirty years ago, China started to build its own navigation satellite system (卫星导航系统), Beidou. It took its name from the Bigger Dipper stars, which are the guiding light for people around the world. In 1994, China began making the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), so it wouldn’t have to use navigation systems from other countries. It’s a lot safer this way. In 2020, after over 20 years of hard work, Beidou completed its global network. The achievement placed China among the group of countries with their own global navigation network. The US, Russia and the European Union are the other three. Beidou does not just show where you are. It’s also the first to let you send texts where there’s no phone signal (信号) or Internet. It has now been widely used in international rescue (救援) operations. “It can be of great help in earthquakes, when ground signals are completely cut off, ” Chen Suzhen, head of the Blue Sky Rescue Team in Xiamen, told CGTN. On April 25, 2015, an earthquake hit Nepal. Lack of proper contact among international rescue teams created main problems in rescue operations. “Luckily, our team had BDS. With the short message service, I suggested that we should go to the remote areas where the situation was far worse. The BDS helped us a lot during the rescue. If every country uses the BDS, our future rescue operations will be far more effective,” Chen told CGTN. With 5G technology now in wide use, the “5G + BDS” will be widely applied in conditions that require fast speed, precise (精确的) location and navigation services. For example, the BDS can even help farmers in China by providing precise information for planting and monitoring, making farming smarter. The GPS and the BDS use the same way to find out position. We can see each satellite as the center of a ball, and its radius is the distance to the position. When there are three satellites, the position can be the two points where three balls meet. Compared with the GPS, the BDS provides navigation signals on multiple frequencies (多频信号) to improve service. The BDS is more than a system. It shows China’s power in science and technology. Now over 120 countries are using it. Wherever you are, Beidou is there to help you find your way. 1．The following sentence would best be placed at the beginning of ________. With its powerful performance, BDS is able to provide a series of services to meet different requirements. A．Paragraph 3 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6 2．Which of the following sentence has the closest meaning to “radius”? A．Half of the straight line between the centre of the two satellites. B．Half of the straight line between the centre of the ball and your position. C．A straight line between the centre of the ball and any point on its surface. D．A straight line between the centre of the satellite and the centre of the earth. 3．What can we learn about BDS? A．It was praised highly by foreigners during the rescue. B．It is used to help farmers plant crops in a modern way. C．It can help send messages when phone is out of power. D．It was widely used to meet different requirements in 2020. 4．The writing purpose of this passage is ________. A．to describe the history of Beidou system B．to explain the contributions of Beidou system C．to show how to find the way by Beidou system D．to introduce a kind of navigation satellite system 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北斗卫星导航系统。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Beidou does not just show where you are. It’s also the first to let you send texts where there’s no phone signal (信号) or Internet. It has now been widely used in international rescue (救援) operations.”可知，此处说明了北斗卫星导航系统的多种用途，所以所给句子放在第三段句首最为合适，作为本段的总起句。故选A。 2． 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子“We can see each satellite as the center of a ball, and its radius is the distance to the position.”可猜测出，radius意为“半径” ，指的是球心到球面上任意一点之间的直线段。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“For example, the BDS can even help farmers in China by providing precise information for planting and monitoring, making farming smarter.”可知，北斗卫星导航系统被用来帮助农民以现代方式种植作物。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了北斗卫星导航系统，即介绍了一种卫星导航系统。故选D。 （7） （2023·江苏无锡·二模）     Lucy: Ah, good evening, you’ve come at last.      Jack: Oh…er …good evening. Yeah…er…sorry to be late.      Simon: But Jack… Lucy: Oh, Jack, you are naughty（淘气的）. Keeping me waiting here for twenty years, and then trying to surprise me by coming in from the window. And your friend, I see, is as strong as you. Good evening. Jack’s such a silly boy, still up to his tricks. Do take a chair. And we can all have a nice cup of tea. You’d like that, wouldn’t you? Simon: Oh …er…yeah. Er…thank you. Lucy: Lovely. Now, wait a minute. Jack, entertain your friend, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha. Simon: A right mess this is. Quick, back out of the window. Jack: No. Calm down. Can’t you see? It’s even easier. She thinks I’m her old boyfriend. She’s been waiting for him for twenty years. All I have to do is to ask her for the money and she’ll give it to me. She’s off her head. Simon: Do you think so? It’ll be as easy as that? Jack: Of course it will. Now shut up. She’s coming back. Simon: She didn’t even notice our masks. Jack: Oh, shut up. Lucy: Here we are. A nice cup of tea and, now, Jack, you haven’t introduced your friend. Jack: Oh, no. Sorry. Er...this is Simon.Yeah...“Simon.” Simon, this is ... Lucy: Hello, Simon. So pleased to meet you. I’m Lucy. Simon: Oh, very pleased, I’m sure. Jack: Lucy, I wanted to talk to you about money. Lucy: Ah yes, Jack. I wasn’t going to mention it quite so soon, but that ten thousand pounds I lent you must have got quite a lot of interest by now, and times are rather hard. Now, drink your tea like a good boy and we’ll discuss how you can pay it back. Twenty years is a long time to wait, after all. Jack? Jack, what are you doing? Come back at once. Oh dear. He is a naughty boy. But I know he’ll come back. Always did. But I’m afraid his tea will be cold. Ah... 1．The two strong men came into Lucy’s house ________. A．to enjoy her tea B．to attend a party C．to steal money or rob her D．to give her a surprise 2．What does the underlined sentence probably mean in Chinese? A．她生病了。 B．她神志不清。 C．她低下了头。 D．她遮住了她的头。 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Lucy knew what the two men were coming for. B．Lucy was waiting for two thieves. C．Lucy was too old to tell people’s name right. D．Lucy was very lonely. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一则对话，是一个女士和两个入室抢劫的男士之间的对话。 1．推理判断题。根据“Keeping me waiting here for twenty years, and then trying to surprise me by coming in from the window.”和“All I have to do is to ask her for the money and she’ll give it to me.”可知，两个人是从窗户进来的，而且打算向Lucy要钱，因此可推知两人目的是进行抢劫。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“She thinks I’m her old boyfriend. She’s been waiting for him for twenty years. All I have to do is to ask her for the money and she’ll give it to me. She’s off her head.”可知，Jack以为Lucy认错了人，等了他二十年，这时候向她要钱，她会给的，因此划线句子表示“Lucy神志不清”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Lucy知道这两个贼是来做什么的，用这种方式吓跑他们。故选A。 （8） （2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测） Reporter: What is the process of recycling? Jerry: It starts with taking used materials that can be recycled to your local recycling center. Put them in the correct bin there. These will be reused as materials for a new purpose. Then, a recyclable product is turned back into a basic form that can be used to create a new and different product. Recycling efforts can greatly reduce additional waste that will not only harm the planet today, but future generations as well. The natural resources on our planet are limited, so we must make the most to conserve (节约使用), recycle and reuse whenever possible. Reporter: What can we recycle? Jerry: Not all materials are recyclable. Among the items that are recycled are paper towels, cardboard boxes, plastic containers, crayons, etc. Reporter: Why do you think recycling is important? Jerry: Recycling our waste makes us more responsible in the way we deal with it. Studies show that people who do this are more likely to cut down on buying things that are unnecessary. They think of how to deal with the packaging after use even before buying them. As a result, people end up saving money while also saving the planet. Reporter: Oh, that reminds me, waste not, want not. Jerry: That’s right. Recycling can also help develop communities. Many community groups raise money through reusing and recycling goods. They take our unwanted clothes, furniture and other household items to resell. Reporter: Hopefully, our efforts will pay off because if we take care of our planet, it will take care of us. 1．This is most probably ▲ . A．a private dialogue B．an introduction C．a public discussion D．an interview 2．Why does the reporter say “Oh, that reminds me, waste not, want not.”? A．To introduce a new study about recycling. B．To bring up a new topic for their discussion. C．To show support for Jerry’s idea on recycling. D．To express doubts about Jerry’s recycling plan. 3．What can we learn from the interview? ①Recycling efforts can help make better communities. ②Nature has its own cycle and can deal with the waste. ③Recycling is a journey of turning waste into new hope. ④A green-thinking customer thinks twice before buying. A．①③④ B．②③④ C．①②③ D．①②④ 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇采访对话，主要围绕回收利用的过程、可回收物品以及回收的重要性展开讨论。 1．推理判断题。根据全文结构可知，记者与Jerry以问答形式展开对话，内容涉及回收利用的具体问题和意义，所以文章最有可能是一次采访。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Recycling our waste makes us more responsible in the way we deal with it. Studies show that people who do this are more likely to cut down on buying things that are unnecessary. They think of how to deal with the packaging after use even before buying them. As a result, people end up saving money while also saving the planet.”可知，Jerry认为回收利用我们的废弃物能让人们既节省钱，又保护地球；根据“Oh, that reminds me, waste not, want not.”可知，记者引用谚语“waste not, want not”（勤俭节约，吃穿不缺）是为了支持Jerry的观点。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Recycling can also help develop communities.”可知，回收利用的努力有助于打造更美好的社区，①正确；根据“These will be reused as materials for a new purpose. Then, a recyclable product is turned back into a basic form that can be used to create a new and different product.”可知，可回收的产品可以被用来创造一个新的和不同的产品，即：回收利用是变废为宝，③正确；根据“Recycling our waste makes us more responsible in the way we deal with it. Studies show that people who do this are more likely to cut down on buying things that are unnecessary.”可知，一些有环保意识的消费者可能减少购买不必要的东西，即：在购买东西之前会再三考虑，④正确。故选A。 （9） （2025·江苏无锡·三模） HAMBURGERS by the ______ Although “hamburger” has a German name, it actually started in the U.S.A．and is now popular all over the world. The most basic hamburger is two buns with a piece of beef and some lettuce and sauce in the middle, but a hamburger can have many other ingredients as well. In China, you can eat all different kinds of burgers. 1．What could the missing word in the title probably be? A．Stories. B．Types. C．Numbers. D．News. 2．What can we learn from the article? A．Hamburgers are in fact a kind of sandwich. B．The world’s first hamburger was invented in Germany. C．Most restaurants in America are hamburger ones. D．The most expensive hamburger weighs 350 kilograms. 3．Which one could be a part of the menu for the first McDonald’s drive-in self-service restaurant? A．B．C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了有关汉堡这个食物的相关事实。 1．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文中列举了很多和汉堡有关的数字，由此推知，空处的单词应为Numbers。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据饼状图中的“of all the sandwiches that Americans buy are hamburgers: 60%”可知，在所有的三明治中，美国人购买汉堡的比例是60%，由此推知，汉堡包实际上是一种三明治。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“McDonald’s restaurant reopens as a self-service drive-in restaurant. It only sells nine items: hamburger,cheeseburger, soft drinks, milk, coffee, potato chips and a piece of pie.”可知，麦当劳餐厅作为自助免下车餐厅重新开业。它只卖九样东西：汉堡、芝士汉堡、软饮料、牛奶、咖啡、薯片和馅饼。由此推知，选项A的菜单是首家麦当劳自助免下车餐厅菜单的一部分。故选A。 （10） （24-25九年级下·江苏无锡·开学考试）Before you think of buying a bird from a pet store, market or anywhere else, be sure to check out the following pet bird facts to learn why you should think very carefully before you take one home.Company means everything to birds In nature, birds live together in large groups of 100 or more. Cockatiels (澳洲鹦鹉) spend their days socializing (交际), straightening their feathers and looking for food on the ground within their groups. Sun conures (太阳鹦鹉) live in groups of 10 to 30 and seldom leave each other’s side. But when they are kept as pets, they, as well as other kinds of birds, often live in groups that are too small. What’s worse, they sometimes have to live alone. For them, this is no life at all. When they are kept apart from others of their own kind, birds will bond with their owners. They will scream non-stop when their human companion is not around. It is like taking away half of their heart to make them spend most of their time all by themselves. Once they are left alone at home, many birds feel sad. Some may even pull out their own feathers or destroy things.Some birds can live longer than you Many people buy parrots when the birds are still very young. To sell as many birds as possible, some sellers don’t tell buyers how carefully and how long they will need to take care of their birds. For example, when some people buy a parrot as a pet, they don’t even realize that the bird could probably live longer than them. Anyone who buys a macaw (金刚鹦鹉) needs to make a plan across generations. In order to provide that animal with a safe home for its whole life, it is important to make sure that another person will be there to care for the bird after its first owner has died.The feeling of freshness won’t last long Birds are often seen as smart and talented animals. Some are even able to speak human languages. But sometimes, if a bird doesn’t behave or “perform” as its human owners want, the animal may be considered . For example, bird buyers don’t know how loud birds can actually be. They may find that they need to wear headphones at home whenever the bird is awake. Unwanted birds are unlikely to receive the care they need. If they are released by their owners, most of them will quickly die. That’s because they are not good at finding food or water, cannot protect themselves during bad weather or from diseases, and cannot get away from danger. 1．According to the article, what may pet birds do when they are left alone at home? ①They may pull out their feathers.    ②They may destroy things at home. ③They may scream without stopping.    ④They may fly outside of their homes. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 2．The underlined phrase “bond with” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________? A．put up with B．go somewhere with C．live together with D．become friends with 3．Choose the best answer to fill in the blank in Paragraph 6. A．impatient B．stupid C．lovely D．attractive 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文介绍了养宠物鸟前需要考虑的一些重要事实。 1．细节理解题。根据“Some may even pull out their own feathers or destroy things.”（有些甚至会拔掉自己的羽毛或破坏东西。）可知，①②是正确的；根据“They will scream non-stop when their human companion is not around.”（当它们的人类伴侣不在身边时，它们会不停地尖叫。）可知，③是正确的。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“When they are kept apart from others of their own kind, birds will bond with their owners.”（当它们被与同类分开时，它们会与主人建立联系。）可知，这里的“bond with”指的是建立一种紧密的联系或关系，与“become friends with”意思相近，即与某人成为朋友。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“But sometimes, if a bird doesn’t behave or ‘perform’ as its human owners want, the animal may be considered ...”可知，如果一只鸟的行为或“表现”不像它的主人想要的那样，主人可能对其产生负面评价；根据“For example, bird buyers don’t know how loud birds can actually be. They may find that they need to wear headphones at home whenever the bird is awake.”可知，后文举例说明主人因鸟的吵闹需戴耳机，暗示主人认为鸟“不聪明”，stupid“愚蠢的”符合语境。故选B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题18 阅读理解--推理判断题精讲 题型分类 题型1 细节推断 该题型主要考查学生快速定位和准确提取信息的能力。 “一圈二定三对比”助力解答细节推断题 1.“圈” 圈画出题干中的关键词，题干中除了用来提问的 “what、who、where、when、how、why...”等疑问词以外，还要注意出现的专有名词（人名、地名等），以及表示时间、数字、动作、因果关系等的词汇 2.“定” 通过扫读快速回原文寻找含有对应关键词的语句，确定答题依据 3.“对比” 将定位到的对应信息和选项进行对比，通过关键词前后的转折性词汇（but/however）、并列结构（and前后的感情色彩一致）、同义替换（look after与take good care of）等方法确定答案 正确选项特征： ·正确选项是尊重原文或基于原文进行合乎逻辑的推理、归纳总结得出的。 ·正确选项通常使用原文中的同义词或相似结构，不会采用与原文完全一样的词句。 ·正确选项通常是对原文词句、段落的归纳或推理。 ·正确选项通常采用改编原文句子结构或转变原文叙述角度的方式设置。 干扰项特征： 含绝对化词汇（如never、all）或与关键词无关的内容。 口诀记忆 魏蜀吴过 魏:未正确理解文章内容的选项 蜀:属原文信息的选项 吴:无中生有的选项（符合常识，但文中未提及） 过：过度推理的选项 例题1 China has become the world's largest producer and market of EVs（电车）. According to a report, 9.587 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.495 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported（出口）. The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto（汽车） China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands（品牌）. China's EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It's reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation（创新） will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points（充电站）. On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 细节推断题 EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by _ _ _ _ . A．improving innovation ability B．winning the government's support C．adding more charging points D．dealing with environmental problems 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 圈出题干中的关键词 Step 2 通过扫读定位原文对应内容 根据题干中的关键词可定位到第三段中的第三句“EV makers without the ability of innovation will face growing risks.”和第四句“...Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support.” 逻辑链： 缺乏创新→风险增加→改进技术，也就是说“技术创新”是解决方案。 Step 3 分析选项，排除干扰项，确定答案 选项 分析 A. improving innovation ability 与原文中的ability of innovation直接对应，是电车制造商减少风险的核心方法 B. winning the government's support 虽然政府支持对行业发展有帮助，但文中并未提到这是电车制造商减少风险的方法 C. adding more charging points 增加充电站可以推动电车行业的发展，但并不是电车制造商减少风险的手段 D. dealing with environmental problems 应对环境问题是消费者选择购买电车的原因之一，但文中并未提及这是电车制造商减少风险的方法 分析：题干问的是电车制造商如何减少风险，需聚焦企业自身能力，比如技术创新等，而非外部因素，所以正确答案为A项。 题型2 观点态度/人物评价 知识归纳 正面：positive（积极的）、hopeful（有希望的）、successful（成功的）、beneficial（有益的）、warm-hearted（热心的）、patient（有耐心的）、selfless（无私的） 负面：disappointing（令人失望的）、harmful（有害的）、critical（挑剔的）、worried（担忧的）、careless（粗心的）、lazy（懒惰的）、selfish（自私的） 中立态度：objective（客观的）、neutral（中立的） 例题2 China has become the world's largest producer and market of EVs（电车）. According to a report, 9.587 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.495 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported（出口）. The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China's EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto（汽车） China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands（品牌）. China's EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It's reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation（创新） will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points（充电站）. On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 观点态度题 What's the writer's attitude （态度） towards the future of China's EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 根据文章主题句判断 （1）关注首尾段 首段分析：本段用数据和事实强调中国在电车领域的领先地位，奠定了积极的基调。 末段分析：第一句“EVs are the way of the future.”和第四句“It is very likely that China will hold the lead.”直接表达出对电车未来的肯定，并明确中国将持续领先，体现了作者乐观的态度。 （2）分析用词的褒贬与感情色彩 褒义词汇：encouraging（支持）、develops very quickly（发展迅速）、improve technologies（提升技术）、gain greater rewards（获得更大的回报） 结论：高频使用的是褒义词，表明作者对中国电车行业的认可/期待 。 （3）注意转折词后的态度 文章第三段提到挑战：“...EV brands cut prices...EV makers without...will face growing risks.”但后文用短语At the same time 和On the other hand引出积极的应对措施：“government is adding even more charging points”（政府行动）和“people are aware of the environmental problems...”（公众环保意识提升） 分析：作者承认中国电车行业面临的挑战，但更强调各方积极的应对措施和美好前景，态度偏向抱有希望的 而非担忧的（抱有希望的/担忧的）。 Step 2 分析选项，排除干扰项，确定答案 选项 分析 A. Uncertain.（不确定的） 文中多次用事实数据（如产量、出口量），且文末用到了表示高概率推测的表述（very likely），所以排除此项 B. Hopeful.（抱有希望的） 文中的积极用语及数据支撑体现出作者持乐观积极的态度，所以B项为正确答案 C. Doubtful.（怀疑的） 作者承认挑战但未质疑行业前景，反而强调各方积极的应对措施和电车的优势，与怀疑态度矛盾 D. Worried.（担忧的） 作者虽然提到风险，但整体用词积极且突出应对措施 题型3 词义猜测 常见设题方式 ·What does the underlined word “...” in the passage mean? ·The underlined word “...” has the closest meaning to . ·What does the underlined word “...” mean in Paragraph 5? 解题步骤 Step 1 定位原文，精读上下文 找到画线词或短语所在的句子，并仔细阅读其前后的1~2句,上下文一般会提供直接线索。 Step 2 分析关键词和逻辑关系 识别关键词汇（如同义词、反义词、例子）和逻辑信号词（如so、 because、 but）。逻辑关系（因果、转折等）能直接提示词义。例如，so表示前后句子是因果关系，because解释原因。 Step 3 推断词义，排除干扰项 注意：句意猜测题的解题思路与词义猜测的一致 例题3 After the haircut It's getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair's journey is not over after the haircut. Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it's cut off? Some farmers do! What comes up? Not wigs（假发）, but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen（氮） that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. If you've got a wool sweater on, you're wearing a sheep's haircut. Sheep grow fine curly（弯曲的） fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don't feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn't catch fire easily. What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace（微量） of chemicals（化学物质） that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure: it's not just for wigs any more. 词义猜测题 What does the underlined part “shear the sheep” mean?（ ） A．Give enough food to the sheep. B．Wash the sheep many times. C．Find a living place for the sheep. D．Cut the wool off the sheep. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 定位原文，精读上下文 根据画线部分shear the sheep可定位到第 段。精读画线句的上下文，上下文反复提到wool和hair，并强调羊毛的保暖功能。下文中的use the hair表明羊毛被移除和利用。 Step 2 分析关键词和逻辑关系 画线部分所在句中的so是表结果 的连词，由此推出“shear the sheep”是原因，“the sheep don't feel too hot”是结果。 逻辑推断：因果链是“羊毛保暖→羊夏天太热→农民‘shear'羊→羊变凉快”。 Step 3 推断词义，排除干扰项 根据画线部分在情境中的含义推断，“shear the sheep”这一动作完成后，羊夏天不感到热了，并且羊毛用于制衣。所以“shear the sheep”最合理的意思是“剪掉 ““””羊毛”。故正确答案为D项。 题型4 代词指代 该题型要求学生根据一定的语境推测代词（如that、this、it、they、them、one等）所指代的内容。理解相关句子的意思及上下文之间的逻辑关系是解题的关键。 三原则 1.一致性原则：代词和它指代的对象在数量、性别上保持一致。she、her指代前面提到的女性，he、him指代前面提到的男性；they、them指代前面提到的两个及以上的人或其他复数可数名词，it指代前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词。 2.近指原则：代词应该指代离它最近的且在数量和性别上一致的名词。例如，“My brother and I went to the store. He bought a toy.”中的He应该指代My brother。 3.上下文原则：根据上下文判断代词所指代的内容。例如，“My pen is broken. I need a new one.”中的one所指代的名词是pen。 三步法 Step 1明确指代词位置：代词所在句及前后1~2句是重点关注内容；注意并列句（并列句常由and或but连接）中的指代一致性。 Step 2匹配指代一致性：检查单复数是否匹配（they不能指代单数名词）；确认性别一致性（she不能指代男性）。 Step 3替换搭配法检验：将推测的指代对象代入原句，验证语义和逻辑是否正确。 例题4 When I was little, I was really little. But my dream was big. I dreamed of being a basketball player. I tried out for the teams at school, but I was never given a chance. As I got older, I did grow a little bigger, but not a lot bigger. On my 12th birthday, I decided to try a new sport: running. I told Grandpa, “I'm going to be an athlete.” “Dave,” Grandpa began gently, “if you can't be big, you can do something big.” I ran 12 miles on my 12th birthday. On my 13th birthday, I did it again, but I added an extra mile. On my 14th birthday, I ran 14 miles. 15 on my 15th, 16 on my 16th, and you guessed it—17 miles on my 17th birthday. All this running inspired（激发） another big dream. Someday, I'd run the Boston Marathon（波士顿马拉松赛）. I told Grandpa about my decision. “But, Dave, you haven't trained for the marathon. Are you sure you're ready?” Grandpa asked. But he still promised to walk over and cheer me on. I ran fast that day. But I fell at Mile 18 and was driven to the hospital. Later that night, I called Grandpa and told him I failed. “No,” he said calmly, “you didn't fail. You discovered something.” “I did?” I asked. “Yes, you discovered that big dreams don't just come true. They take work. If you train and work hard, I promise to wait for you next year and cheer you on.” I trained every day, running miles and miles. Sadly, just two months into my training, Grandpa died. He wouldn't be waiting for my second Boston Marathon. I decided I'd run for him. That day, I ran fast. “Keep going! You can do it!” His words filled my head as I forced my legs to make each painful step. As I crossed the finish line, I threw my arms in the air and cried, “Grandpa, we did it!” 代词指代题 What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to?（ ） A．Adding an extra mile. B．Running on his birthday. C．Training for the marathon. D．Trying out for the basketball team. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 明确指代词位置 根据题干中的“paragraph 4”和加粗的“it”的位置可知，需重点搜索第四段。 Step 2 匹配指代一致性 代词“it”用来指代前面提到的内容，初步判断答案应在“I ran 12 miles on my 12th birthday.”一句中。结合“it”所在句中的时间状语on my 13th birthday可判断，it指的应是在生日当天跑步这件事。 Step 3 替换搭配法检验（代入原句核查，并确定答案） 结合“it”前面的动词did可判断，it指的是可以做的一件事，结合后面的“but I added an extra mile”及“On my 14th birthday, I ran 14 miles. 15 on my 15th, 16 on my 16th, and you guessed it—17 miles on my 17th birthday.”可确定答案为B项。 题型5 文章出处 常见设题方式 ·Where can we probably read the text? ·Where can the text be found? ·In which part of a newspaper can you read the passage? 解题步骤 Step 1 确定文章体裁 Step 2 分析文章主要内容 Step 3 对比选项，判断文章出处/来源 常见的文章特点及对应的出处/来源 特点 出处/来源 ·文章具有很强的时效性 ·关键词news，文章内容包括时间、地点、人物、事件 newspaper/news report 出现电影、活动、节目等的名称，且出现价格、时间、地点等信息 advertisement 介绍某一地区的风景名胜、特色美食或地域文化 travel guide 介绍说明科普知识或科学研究（阶段性）成果 science report/study report 介绍某设备或产品 product instructions/product guide 出现网络图标、网址或click、 homepage等词 website 涉及科学假设，推演未知等内容 science fiction 例题5 After the haircut It's getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair's journey is not over after the haircut. Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it's cut off? Some farmers do! What comes up? Not wigs（假发）, but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen（氮） that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. If you've got a wool sweater on, you're wearing a sheep's haircut. Sheep grow fine curly（弯曲的） fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don't feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn't catch fire easily. What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace（微量） of chemicals（化学物质） that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure: it's not just for wigs any more. 文章出处题 In which part of a magazine can we probably read this passage?（ ） A．History. B．Fashion. C．Science. D．Health. 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 确定文章体裁 分析文章内容：文章以头发/羊毛为线索，说明了毛发的多种用途，文章的体裁为说明文。 Step 2 分析文章主要内容 文章主题：头发/羊毛的多种用途。 关键科学词汇：nitrogen（氮）、trace（微量）、chemicals（化学物质）、solve crimes（破案） Step 3 对比选项，判断文章出处/来源 选项 是否匹配文本内容（√/×） 理由 A. History. × 无历史事件、人物或时代背景等描述 B. Fashion. × 仅提及“造型乐趣”，不是主要内容,文章的核心是毛发的用途 C. Science. √ 涉及农业、化学、物理、医学等多领域的科学知识 D. Health. × “有害化学物质检测”仅是头发的其中一个用途 由此可推断，正确答案为C项。 题型6 后文预测 该题型主要考查学生获取和梳理语篇中一系列事件的主题和因果关系、预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局或者根据已知信息合理预测下文内容的能力。 解题步骤 Step 1 定位逻辑关键点，锁定预测依据（将表达未来事件的相关语句作为重点推理依据） （1）精读题干指定段落（如要求预测结尾，则重点读最后1~2段）。 （2）画出因果标志词（so、because、therefore）、转折标志词（but、however）、总结标志词汇（in conclusion、one thing is for sure）或问题句（Have you ever...?）。 Step 2 梳理事件关系 梳理文章中讲述的事件的关系，找出未解决的矛盾或未完结的探索。 Step 3 分析预测类型 类型 文本特征 预测结局 结尾没有总结句或提出开放式问题 预测下文内容 段落末尾提出新问题或新现象 预测伏笔发展 前文埋下伏笔，细节未展开（如solve crimes相关情节） Step 4 合理预测排除干扰 预测原则： 必须基于文本线索，禁止引入外部知识。 干扰项特征： 脱离前文主题或重复已提及内容。 例题6 My friend Julie and I are keen on creating a beautiful green town. Gardening Course Every September, our city has a special festival. Crowds of happy people go to the park, waving ribbons in their hands. That's because the gardening competition takes place there. For Julie and me, it was a pity that we couldn't take part in the competition, for that was also the first day of our high school. We buried ourselves in choosing courses. We wanted to learn all about plants, gardening and farming. Finally, a course called Agriculture and Wildlife came into our sight. We thought it would help us succeed as gardeners. Project presentation After a year's study, Julie advised me to give a presentation. There was a small plastic model of my idea on the table. On the other side of the table, my teachers were waiting to see my project—the green farm. “Good morning!” I said, “During my studies. I've learned a lot about city farming. Now, I want to do something with what I've learned.” I showed them the model. “This is the high street of our town. This is an old, nine-floor car park. No one has used it for the last two years and it's now for sale.” I continued the presentation. They could see my designs on the big screen when I talked. “I've designed a city farm using the car park building. There will be eight floors to farm fruit and vegetables. This design can help us collect rainwater to wet the soil. And we can also use energy from the sun to power the special growing lights.” “I will hire the space out to local people and they will sell everything good enough for the environment in local shops. Also, the ninth floor will be for those who want to grow their own plants.” My audience looked interested and my project got the highest mark in my class. But in the real world, it couldn't happen because the car park was not available. ▲ Later, Julie helped me search the town for the perfect place for gardening, not in front of the Town Hall or the shopping centre. We tried to look for something different. Somewhere that was not the best neighbourhood, but a poor one. One where the road was full of holes and the pavement（人行道） was all broken. At last, we made it. In the neighbourbood, we posted letters through people's doors with gardening instructions. More and more people cared about that and began to plant vegetable gardens. Then in the same neighbourhood, we put grass over those broken old pavements for the kids to play on. Finally, we put up a sign that said, “Have fun here.” When we finished, we were both covered in soil and completely exhausted. But Julie put an arm around my shoulders and smiled. “Not bad!” she said. “We can do more to make our town greener!” 后文预测题 According to the underlined sentence, Julie and the writer would most probably _ _ _ _ in the future.（ ） A．hire out their green farms for parking and camping B．find more open spaces to plant grass and vegetables C．sell their grass and vegetables to the neighbourhood D．put up more signs to ask kids to have fun on the grass 解题步骤 （结合解题技巧分析文中的线索，填写关键信息） Step 1 定位逻辑关键点，锁定预测依据 精读指定段落：画线句子位于文章尾/末 段，需重点分析最后1~2段。 预测依据：Julie所说的“do more”是核心点，暗示延续当前的行动并扩大（greener）。 Step 2 梳理事件关系 经以上分析可知，接下来作者和Julie的目标是做得更多——增加植被（grass/vegetables），让城镇更绿。 Step 3 分析预测类型 文章发展脉络为“提出梦想→想出方案→执行方案→树立新目标”，这里是基于开放性结尾预测下文/后文内容。 Step 4 合理预测排除干扰 推出结论：B项最合理，因为它对应了作者与Julie的新目标（找更多空地种草和蔬菜，才能让城镇更绿）。 综合训练 （1） （2025·江苏南京·三模）Long ago, Adana lived in a small village in Africa. Everyone in the village had jobs to do, and the villagers depended on one another. When Adana turned ten, her mother called for her. “Adana, it is time for you to take your place in the village. You shall be the water girl. Each morning, we need you to go down to the spring, fill these buckets (水桶) with water, and bring them back to the village before noon.” Adana took pride in being given such an important job. She picked up the yoke with the buckets, flung it over her back, and walked to the spring. When she arrived, she took a drink and then filled the buckets with clean, cool water. Adana looked at the sun. It was nearly noon and she knew the villagers were depending on her.    She turned to a water girl from a nearby village and asked, “How long will it take to carry this water back to my village?” The girl thoughtfully replied, “If you go slowly, it will not take very long. But, if you go fast, it will take you all day.” Adana listened, and thought about what the girl had told her. She did not believe the girl, and she climbed back up the bank and headed down the path toward her village. Adana started off slowly, but increased her speed with each step. Soon, she was slowly jogging back toward her village. Half way home, she stopped to take a little sip of water. When she did, she saw that the buckets were only half full. Water had been sloshing out along the path as she travelled. Disheartened, Adana turned back toward the spring. Once again, she filled the buckets with nice, clean water. Then, she walked slowly back toward the village. When she arrived, her little sister asked, “How long does it take to carry water back from the spring?” Adana smiled and said, “If you go slowly, it will not take very long. But if you go fast, it could take all day.” Adana’s little sister listened, but thought this was an odd thing to say. From that day forward, Adana walked quickly to the spring each morning. On her way home, she ________. 1．How did Adana feel about being given the job of bringing water to the village? A．She was pleased to have such an important job. B．She was worried about walking on the path on her own. C．She was not satisfied with the job because it was too difficult. D．She was happy to be able to work with her friend from another village. 2．What does the underlined word “disheartened” in the passage mean? A．more excited B．less excited C．more hopeful D．less hopeful 3．Which of the following can be put in the blank in the last paragraph? A．ran quickly and silently B．walked fast and carefully C．jogged slowly and quietly D．walked slowly and carefully 4．What lesson can be learned from this story? A．Time flies when you are having fun! B．It is important for people to work together. C．Taking time to do a job well can save time in the long run. D．Do not stop to talk to people when there is a job to be done. （2） （2025·江苏南京·三模）Is the rise of AI doctors like something out of science fiction? No, it is truly happening now. In different parts of China, we can clearly see how AI is bringing big changes to the medical field. In February 2025, Beijing Children’s Hospital introduced China’s first AI children’s doctor. One day, an 8-year-old boy had sudden and unexplained epilepsy (癫痫). Thirteen top doctors tried hard to find out the best treatment. At the same time, the AI quickly looked into the boy’s medical history and symptoms (症状). In just a few minutes, it came up with a plan that was very similar to what the human doctors thought. In Shandong, a worried couple decided to try an AI tool called DeepSeek when their child felt unwell. After offering the blood test results, DeepSeek suggested that the boy probably had a bad cold and recommended some medicine. Surprisingly when they went to the hospital, the doctor prescribed the exact same medicine. Even in places that don’t have many medical resources, like some community hospitals in Wuhan and countrysides in Shandong, AI is giving a helping hand. In Wuhan, hospitals can now use AI to study CT in less than a minute. Before, it would take hours. In Shandong countrysides, there are AI systems that help patients describe how they feel and even make it easier for disabled people to get around in the hospitals. All these real-life examples show us two important things that AI technology can do. It can help top doctors make better decisions and it can also make everyone in the country get health care more easily. However, the discussions are still going on. As one doctor said, “AI technology can give us ideas, but the care and judgment (判断) that humans bring are still needed.” 1．Why does the writer start the passage by asking a question? A．To make a report. B．To do a survey. C．To have an interview. D．To introduce the topic. 2．Which is the meaning of the underlined word “prescribe” in Paragraph 3? A．To advise or order the use of medication. B．To recommend the use of AI. C．To set rules or steps that must be followed. D．To officially tell someone what to do. 3．Which is TRUE according to the passage? A．In Wuhan community hospitals, it takes AI hours to study CT. B．In Beijing, an AI children’s doctor helped an 8-year-old boy with a bad cold. C．In Shandong countryside hospitals, AI can help the disabled get around easily. D．AI doctors can hardly make everyone in the country get health care more easily. 4．What does the writer think of AI technology? A．Touching. B．Worrying. C．Harmful. D．Helpful. （3） （2025·江苏南京·二模）Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia, was set up in 1949 and put on the UNESCO World Heritage (遗产) list in 1979. The protected area covers over 296.85 square kilometres in central Croatia and is visited by about almost two million people a year. Its name is pronounced “pleet-veet-she” and comes from the Croatian word for “shallow” (浅的) because of its unusual shallow lakes. Special creation It is really an amazing and special place. Visitors are amazed by the brightly coloured lakes and waterfalls in shades of bright blue, green and grey. The colours change often, depending on the minerals or organisms in the water and the angle (角度) of the sunlight. The largest waterfall is 78 metres high. There are 12 upper lakes and 4 lower ones; they are connected to each other by the river system that flows through the park and becomes the Korana River when it leaves the lowest lake. Different trails There are about eight different trails you can follow, from 3 kilometres to 18 kilometres. Some include a boat trip across the Kozjak Lake. Most of the trails are made of stone or wood and are well marked, so you can’t get lost. Hikers have said the experience is like visiting a wonderland, because it is all so beautiful and peaceful. Plants and animals The park is heavily forested and there are at least 1,267 different types of plants, including flowering orchids. A great number of these plants are protected by law, as well as the park’s 50 types of mammals, which include brown bears, grey wolves, red deer and European wildcats. There are also at least 321 types of butterflies! ________ The park has never been a lonely nature reserve. Different groups of humans have lived here for thousands of years, and under Julius Caesar it became part of the Roman Empire. Even today there are 19 small villages within the park where the people try to keep up traditional customs, wear Croatian costumes and give dance shows for visitors. The Plitvice Lakes are a natural wonder of the world. Put them on your to-do list. Autumn is a lovely time to visit because of the beautiful colours, but be warned—everything freezes over in winter! 1．What is the best heading for ________? A．Natural Beauty B．Human History C．Amazing Wildlife D．Village Traditions 2．What can we learn about the way people live with nature in the park? A．Tradition and nature stay in balance. B．Traditions disappear as modern life grows. C．Human activities harm the natural resources. D．People live simply away from the modern world. 3．Sammy wants to visit Plitvice Lakes National Park. Which of her friends would be the best travel partner for her? A． B． C． D． （4） （2025·重庆沙坪坝·一模）Students in Denmark take national tests on a computer at different times. About 4 years’ test results, researchers found something interesting. Students who took the test in the morning scored higher than those who took it in the afternoon. So what happens? We might have noticed that in the afternoon we become less productive (有效率) and the work we do is of lower quality. A lot of people around the world experience the same thing every day. That’s called the afternoon slump (低迷) . Why does this happen? Our bodies are controlled by our circadian rhythm (昼夜规律) which is like a clock. It tells our bodies when to go to sleep and wake up. Our energy levels change with the circadian rhythm. We are smarter and more energetic during some parts of the day, while during others, we are less energetic. For example, during the night we experience a large drop in energy, especially between 2 a. m. to 4 a. m. . However, our energy slowly rises after waking up until it reaches a peak (峰值) in the late morning. But that peak is then followed by an afternoon low, which we call the afternoon slump. The low appears about seven hours after waking up, which is usually between 1 p. m. to 4 p. m. for most people. This is the time when people make more mistakes during the daytime. When the afternoon slump is over, it rises again. But as our body gets ready for sleep, it slowly drops. The afternoon slump is natural, but there are some ways to regain (恢复) energy. Stretching (拉伸) for even 20 seconds, taking a break for about 15 minutes, eating a bar of black chocolate and so on can have a huge influence on your energy levels. Hopefully, you have a better idea about the afternoon slump and what we can do about it. 1．How does the writer support his idea in the third paragraph? A．By comparing the fact. B．By explaining the reason. C．By giving an example. D．By listing some numbers. 2．What can we know about the “afternoon slump”? A．It only happens to students in Denmark. B．It makes students score higher in tests. C．It is caused by natural body rhythms. D．It’s a sign of serious health problems. 3．Which picture shows the change of the energy level with the time? A． B． C． D． 4．What can we infer according to the passage? A．It can be completely avoided by getting enough sleep. B．Our energy levels are the highest in the late morning. C．The afternoon slump is a problem that only students face. D．Simple actions like eating snacks may help get energy back. （5） （2025·山东济南·一模）Plastic is low-cost and long-lasting. It is not easily degraded (降解) because natural degradation processes can’t deal with its chemical components (成分). It takes in other ocean-present harmful substances. These chemical and dangerous components are gradually got into the atmosphere with additives such as colors which turns out to be really harmful when the plastic breaks down. The design and development of new plastic products was sped up after World War II. Life without plastic seemed impossible in the modern age. But even though plastic was quite convenient, the dark side of it was seen as people began to enjoy the throw-away community. Many plastic products, such as plastic bags, have a lifetime of a few minutes to hours. However, they’ll stay in the environment for hundreds of years. We are destroying the very world that nurtured us. Just 9% of plastic has been recycled and 12% burnt after production rose in the 1950s, which leaves about 79% of the 8.3 billion tons produced sitting in landfills (垃圾填埋场) or damaging our fields, oceans, and waterways. And each year the plastic ends up as contaminants. So to beat plastic pollution, we need to work together. While plastic burning reduces the amount of waste dumped into oceans and lands, harmful gases are still produced, which also leads to greenhouse gases. However, if we make a firm decision and use modern waste management methods, we will be able to create a safe and healthy world. It is high time that we as responsible global citizens, took on the duty of protecting our environment and made great effort in saving our mother earth, instead of just leaving everything to our government. So, ladies and gentlemen, let’s make a promise to successfully deal with plastic waste and protect our world from all possible risks. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The harm of plastic. B．The convenience of plastic. C．The protection of plastic. D．The use of plastic. 2．Which word can best describe the writer’s feeling in paragraph 2? A．Easy. B．Worried. C．Happy. D．Tired. 3．What does the underlined word “contaminants” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Things that cause pollution. B．Things that produce plastic. C．Things that cost money. D．Things that help people. 4．Which of the following may the writer agree with? A．Burning plastic is the best way. B．We shouldn’t produce plastic. C．We need to use less plastic in life. D．Government can solve problems alone. 5．From which is the text most probably taken? A．A short story. B．A speech. C．A newspaper. D．A notice. （6） （2024·江苏无锡·二模）Thirty years ago, China started to build its own navigation satellite system (卫星导航系统), Beidou. It took its name from the Bigger Dipper stars, which are the guiding light for people around the world. In 1994, China began making the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), so it wouldn’t have to use navigation systems from other countries. It’s a lot safer this way. In 2020, after over 20 years of hard work, Beidou completed its global network. The achievement placed China among the group of countries with their own global navigation network. The US, Russia and the European Union are the other three. Beidou does not just show where you are. It’s also the first to let you send texts where there’s no phone signal (信号) or Internet. It has now been widely used in international rescue (救援) operations. “It can be of great help in earthquakes, when ground signals are completely cut off, ” Chen Suzhen, head of the Blue Sky Rescue Team in Xiamen, told CGTN. On April 25, 2015, an earthquake hit Nepal. Lack of proper contact among international rescue teams created main problems in rescue operations. “Luckily, our team had BDS. With the short message service, I suggested that we should go to the remote areas where the situation was far worse. The BDS helped us a lot during the rescue. If every country uses the BDS, our future rescue operations will be far more effective,” Chen told CGTN. With 5G technology now in wide use, the “5G + BDS” will be widely applied in conditions that require fast speed, precise (精确的) location and navigation services. For example, the BDS can even help farmers in China by providing precise information for planting and monitoring, making farming smarter. The GPS and the BDS use the same way to find out position. We can see each satellite as the center of a ball, and its radius is the distance to the position. When there are three satellites, the position can be the two points where three balls meet. Compared with the GPS, the BDS provides navigation signals on multiple frequencies (多频信号) to improve service. The BDS is more than a system. It shows China’s power in science and technology. Now over 120 countries are using it. Wherever you are, Beidou is there to help you find your way. 1．The following sentence would best be placed at the beginning of ________. With its powerful performance, BDS is able to provide a series of services to meet different requirements. A．Paragraph 3 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6 2．Which of the following sentence has the closest meaning to “radius”? A．Half of the straight line between the centre of the two satellites. B．Half of the straight line between the centre of the ball and your position. C．A straight line between the centre of the ball and any point on its surface. D．A straight line between the centre of the satellite and the centre of the earth. 3．What can we learn about BDS? A．It was praised highly by foreigners during the rescue. B．It is used to help farmers plant crops in a modern way. C．It can help send messages when phone is out of power. D．It was widely used to meet different requirements in 2020. 4．The writing purpose of this passage is ________. A．to describe the history of Beidou system B．to explain the contributions of Beidou system C．to show how to find the way by Beidou system D．to introduce a kind of navigation satellite system （7） （2023·江苏无锡·二模）     Lucy: Ah, good evening, you’ve come at last.      Jack: Oh…er …good evening. Yeah…er…sorry to be late.      Simon: But Jack… Lucy: Oh, Jack, you are naughty（淘气的）. Keeping me waiting here for twenty years, and then trying to surprise me by coming in from the window. And your friend, I see, is as strong as you. Good evening. Jack’s such a silly boy, still up to his tricks. Do take a chair. And we can all have a nice cup of tea. You’d like that, wouldn’t you? Simon: Oh …er…yeah. Er…thank you. Lucy: Lovely. Now, wait a minute. Jack, entertain your friend, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha. Simon: A right mess this is. Quick, back out of the window. Jack: No. Calm down. Can’t you see? It’s even easier. She thinks I’m her old boyfriend. She’s been waiting for him for twenty years. All I have to do is to ask her for the money and she’ll give it to me. She’s off her head. Simon: Do you think so? It’ll be as easy as that? Jack: Of course it will. Now shut up. She’s coming back. Simon: She didn’t even notice our masks. Jack: Oh, shut up. Lucy: Here we are. A nice cup of tea and, now, Jack, you haven’t introduced your friend. Jack: Oh, no. Sorry. Er...this is Simon.Yeah...“Simon.” Simon, this is ... Lucy: Hello, Simon. So pleased to meet you. I’m Lucy. Simon: Oh, very pleased, I’m sure. Jack: Lucy, I wanted to talk to you about money. Lucy: Ah yes, Jack. I wasn’t going to mention it quite so soon, but that ten thousand pounds I lent you must have got quite a lot of interest by now, and times are rather hard. Now, drink your tea like a good boy and we’ll discuss how you can pay it back. Twenty years is a long time to wait, after all. Jack? Jack, what are you doing? Come back at once. Oh dear. He is a naughty boy. But I know he’ll come back. Always did. But I’m afraid his tea will be cold. Ah... 1．The two strong men came into Lucy’s house ________. A．to enjoy her tea B．to attend a party C．to steal money or rob her D．to give her a surprise 2．What does the underlined sentence probably mean in Chinese? A．她生病了。 B．她神志不清。 C．她低下了头。 D．她遮住了她的头。 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Lucy knew what the two men were coming for. B．Lucy was waiting for two thieves. C．Lucy was too old to tell people’s name right. D．Lucy was very lonely. （8） （2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测） Reporter: What is the process of recycling? Jerry: It starts with taking used materials that can be recycled to your local recycling center. Put them in the correct bin there. These will be reused as materials for a new purpose. Then, a recyclable product is turned back into a basic form that can be used to create a new and different product. Recycling efforts can greatly reduce additional waste that will not only harm the planet today, but future generations as well. The natural resources on our planet are limited, so we must make the most to conserve (节约使用), recycle and reuse whenever possible. Reporter: What can we recycle? Jerry: Not all materials are recyclable. Among the items that are recycled are paper towels, cardboard boxes, plastic containers, crayons, etc. Reporter: Why do you think recycling is important? Jerry: Recycling our waste makes us more responsible in the way we deal with it. Studies show that people who do this are more likely to cut down on buying things that are unnecessary. They think of how to deal with the packaging after use even before buying them. As a result, people end up saving money while also saving the planet. Reporter: Oh, that reminds me, waste not, want not. Jerry: That’s right. Recycling can also help develop communities. Many community groups raise money through reusing and recycling goods. They take our unwanted clothes, furniture and other household items to resell. Reporter: Hopefully, our efforts will pay off because if we take care of our planet, it will take care of us. 1．This is most probably ▲ . A．a private dialogue B．an introduction C．a public discussion D．an interview 2．Why does the reporter say “Oh, that reminds me, waste not, want not.”? A．To introduce a new study about recycling. B．To bring up a new topic for their discussion. C．To show support for Jerry’s idea on recycling. D．To express doubts about Jerry’s recycling plan. 3．What can we learn from the interview? ①Recycling efforts can help make better communities. ②Nature has its own cycle and can deal with the waste. ③Recycling is a journey of turning waste into new hope. ④A green-thinking customer thinks twice before buying. A．①③④ B．②③④ C．①②③ D．①②④ （9） （2025·江苏无锡·三模） HAMBURGERS by the ______ Although “hamburger” has a German name, it actually started in the U.S.A．and is now popular all over the world. The most basic hamburger is two buns with a piece of beef and some lettuce and sauce in the middle, but a hamburger can have many other ingredients as well. In China, you can eat all different kinds of burgers. 1．What could the missing word in the title probably be? A．Stories. B．Types. C．Numbers. D．News. 2．What can we learn from the article? A．Hamburgers are in fact a kind of sandwich. B．The world’s first hamburger was invented in Germany. C．Most restaurants in America are hamburger ones. D．The most expensive hamburger weighs 350 kilograms. 3．Which one could be a part of the menu for the first McDonald’s drive-in self-service restaurant? A．B．C． D． （10） （24-25九年级下·江苏无锡·开学考试）Before you think of buying a bird from a pet store, market or anywhere else, be sure to check out the following pet bird facts to learn why you should think very carefully before you take one home.Company means everything to birds In nature, birds live together in large groups of 100 or more. Cockatiels (澳洲鹦鹉) spend their days socializing (交际), straightening their feathers and looking for food on the ground within their groups. Sun conures (太阳鹦鹉) live in groups of 10 to 30 and seldom leave each other’s side. But when they are kept as pets, they, as well as other kinds of birds, often live in groups that are too small. What’s worse, they sometimes have to live alone. For them, this is no life at all. When they are kept apart from others of their own kind, birds will bond with their owners. They will scream non-stop when their human companion is not around. It is like taking away half of their heart to make them spend most of their time all by themselves. Once they are left alone at home, many birds feel sad. Some may even pull out their own feathers or destroy things.Some birds can live longer than you Many people buy parrots when the birds are still very young. To sell as many birds as possible, some sellers don’t tell buyers how carefully and how long they will need to take care of their birds. For example, when some people buy a parrot as a pet, they don’t even realize that the bird could probably live longer than them. Anyone who buys a macaw (金刚鹦鹉) needs to make a plan across generations. In order to provide that animal with a safe home for its whole life, it is important to make sure that another person will be there to care for the bird after its first owner has died.The feeling of freshness won’t last long Birds are often seen as smart and talented animals. Some are even able to speak human languages. But sometimes, if a bird doesn’t behave or “perform” as its human owners want, the animal may be considered . For example, bird buyers don’t know how loud birds can actually be. They may find that they need to wear headphones at home whenever the bird is awake. Unwanted birds are unlikely to receive the care they need. If they are released by their owners, most of them will quickly die. That’s because they are not good at finding food or water, cannot protect themselves during bad weather or from diseases, and cannot get away from danger. 1．According to the article, what may pet birds do when they are left alone at home? ①They may pull out their feathers.    ②They may destroy things at home. ③They may scream without stopping.    ④They may fly outside of their homes. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 2．The underlined phrase “bond with” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________? A．put up with B．go somewhere with C．live together with D．become friends with 3．Choose the best answer to fill in the blank in Paragraph 6. A．impatient B．stupid C．lovely D．attractive 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $