09-一、专题二 动词和动词短语-考点5 动词的非谓语形式-【众相原创·减负中考】2026年中考英语基础精讲册（人教版 河北专用）

2.The next Winter Olympic Games (hold)in Italy in 2026. 3.Many road accidents can (avoid)if we all follow traffic rules. 4.The new library 、 (build)last year and it has become a popular place for students. 5.In order to have a green world,the natural environment must protect)by everyone. 考点5动词的非谓语形式 ★课标语法导图★ 基本形式：①to+动词原形；②省略to的不定式 形式 否定形式：not to+动词原形 动词不定式 作宾语、宾语补足语、状语 句法功能 作主语、表语、定语 非 基本形式：动词原形+-ing 语动 形式 否定形式：not+动词原形+-ing 动名词 句法功能：作主语、表语、宾语、定语 分类：现在分词、过去分词 分词 句法功能：作定语、补语等 考点讲解 一、动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。其否定形式由“ot+动词不定式” 构成。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即 可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 1.动词不定式(todo)的功能 功能 例句 作主语 To keep the classroom clean is important. 作宾语 I want to keep the classroom clean. 作表语 My purpose is to keep the classroom clean. 作补足语 Our teacher advises us to keep the classroom clean. 目的状语 I collect rubbish to keep the classroom clean. 作状语 原因状语 I am happy to keep the classroom clean. 结果状语I am free enough to clean the classroom. 作定语 I am not free now.I have many things to do. 注意 ①动词不定式作主语时，常用t作形式主语，真正的主语一动词不定式则被后置。如：ts difficult for me to learn math well. ②若单个动词不定式位于句首作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：To learn math well is difficult for me. 109 2.常见的接动词不定式作宾语的动词/词组(y.+od0sth。…做某事) afford负担得起 agree同意 ask要求 choose选择 dare敢于 decide决定 expect期待 forget忘记 happen碰巧 hope/wish希望 learn学习 manage设法 offer主动提出 plan计划 prefer更喜欢 prepare准备 promise承诺 refuse拒绝 remember记得 seem似乎 try努力 wait等待 want/would like想要(2025样卷.45) 3.常见的接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(y.+sb.+tod0sth. …某人做某事) advise建议 allow允许 ask要求 encourage鼓励(2025.54) expect期望 force强迫 invite邀请 order命令 remind提醒 teach教 tell告诉 want想要 wam警告 wish希望 4.“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 ①疑问词与动词不定式连用可作主语、宾语或表语。如： Where to go for the coming holiday hasn't been decided.(作主语) I haven't decided where to go for the coming holiday.(作宾语) My question is where to go for the coming holiday.(作表语) ②“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如： Can you tell me how to make a plan for the coming holiday?=Can you tell me how I can make a plan for the coming holiday? 5.不带to的情况 ①有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带o。这种动词有两类：一类是感官动词，如 see,hear,watch,feel,notice等。如： I saw the teacher get out. I heard the birds sing. ②另一类是使役动词，如let,make,have等。如： Let me go！ They made the children work 12 hours a day. ★短文填空解题技巧2-8动词原形→动词不定式 适用情况 示例 1.作宾语(2025样卷.45) We decided to go(go)on vacation. 2.作宾语补足语(2025.54) Lisa encouraged me to try(try)new things. 3.作目的状语 I save money to buy(buy)a new car. 4.“疑问词+todo”结构 Can you tell me how to use(use)this machine? 5.“Itis+a.（+for/ofsb.)+to do sth..”结构 It is dangerous for children to swim(swim)in the river 6.不定式常见特殊句型 It's time to finish(finish)your homework. 110 二、动名词 1.动名词(y.ing)的功能 功能 例句 作主语 Teaching English is interesting. 动词的宾语 She likes teaching English. 作宾语 介词的宾语 She is good at teaching English. 作表语 Her job is teaching English in a middle school. 作定语 She wants to buy a washing machine. 2. 常见的接动名词作宾语的动词/词组(v.+doing sth.…做某事) avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢 feel like想要 finish完成 imagine想象 keep坚持 mind介意 miss错过 practice练习 risk冒险 stand忍受 stop停止 succeed in成功 advise/suggest建议 住意 ①若单个动词不定式/动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Doing more exercise is good for your health. ②主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，两者在形式上应保持一致。如：To see is to believe./Seeing is believing ③有一些动词后面既可以接动名词，也可以接动词不定式，但是意思有区别，常见的有： forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做） (remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做） forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做） remember to do sth..记得去做某事（未做） regret doing sth.后悔做过某事（已做） (mean doing sth.意味着做某事 (regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事（未做） mean to do sth.打算做某事 (stop doing sth.停止做某事 (try doing sth.尝试做某事 (stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 try to do sth.设法/努力做某事 ④若to为动词不定式符号，后接动词原形；若to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。以下短语中 的to为介词： be/get/become used to习惯于 hold on to坚持；抓住 stick to坚持 lead to导致；引起；通向 turn to求助于 look forward to盼望：期待 look up to敬仰；尊敬 pay attention to注意 三、分词 分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词由“.+-ig”构成，表示主动、进行之意；过去 分词由“v.+-ed”构成，表示被动、完成之意。 111 1. 分词的功能 功能 用法 例句 现在分词作补足语，被补充说明的宾语或主 I saw Bob playing basketball on the playground. 作补 语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系） 足语 过去分词作补足语，被补充说明的宾语或主 I want to have my watch repaired. 语是它的逻辑宾语（即动宾关系） 现在分词作定语，被修饰的词是其逻辑主语 The girl sitting by my side is my little sister. 作定语 过去分词作定语，被修饰的词是其逻辑宾语 Please hand in your written exercises 2. 现在分词与过去分词的区别 ①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如： I saw someone closing the door. I saw the door closed. ②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已完成的动作。如： developing country发展中国家 developed country发达国家 3.过去分词的常见搭配 ①主语+have/get sth.done“使…被…”。如： I want to have/get these chairs fixed. ②Itbe+过去分词+that..句型： It is said that...据说… It is reported that..据报道.… It is hoped that..人们希望… It is well-known that..众所周知… It is suggested that..有人提议.… It is required that..据要求.… 考点测验 河北5年真题练 1.(2025河北54题节选)I encourage you (create)your“Good Things Jug”today. 2.(2025河北样卷45题节选)Lucy and I take turns to set the table for dinner and wash the dishes.But today,Lucy wanted change)the roles. 拓展提升练 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025白银)Students are asked do)this task by themselves. 2.(2025扬州改编)We should build on past achievements and work together （make)a better world. 3.(2025连云港改编)A teacher started an“A Poem A Day”program (share)Chinese culture with the world. 4.(2025德阳改编)The little girl stopped (cry)and began to laugh when she saw the funny face. 5.(2025苏州改编)Before the Spring Festival,we spent weeks in practice)the dragon dance. 6.(2025扬州改编)Many poets express their love for Yangzhou by praise)its beauty in their works. 7.(2025泸州改编)It's not healthy(stay）up late.You'd better go to bed early. 112 8.Nowadays more and more farmers learn sell)their fruits through Douyin. 9.As an explorer,Lin Tao is used to (take)risks. 10.We plan (give)away a few books to people in need 11.We should think about how (introduce)Chinese culture to the world. 12.I really hope (enter)a good high school to get further education. 13.A book review can often tell me whether it is worth (read)or not. 14.Look at the sign "No swimming"over there.It warns us not (swim)in the river. 15.If you expect (win)the competition,you must put your heart into training every day. 考点6主谓一致 ★ 课标语法导图★ 就近原则 Not only my father but also I like running. 主谓 语法一致 The number of students in our school is 3,000 致 意义一致 Three years has passed since we entered the university. 考点讲解 主谓一致指句子的谓语动词与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主谓 )易错点 致要遵循三个基本原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1. chopsticks,glasses, 一、语法一致原则 scissors,trousers,clothes, 语法一致原则指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形 jeans,shoes等词一般以 式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 复数形式出现，作主语 主语 谓语 例句 时，谓语动词要用复数 不可数名词、可数名词单数及第 形式，但是这些词若被a 单数 三人称单数 A girl is singing in the classroom. pair of修饰，谓语动词则 either,neither,each,every 单数 Every student is ready for the exam. 用单数形式。如： no+可数名词单数 The shoes cost 100 复合不定代词 单数 Nothing is impossible for a willing yuan.=This pair of shoes heart. 可数名词复数、人称代词复数及 costs 100 yuan. Two girls are singing in the 复数 第二人称you classroom. 2.“this/that kind of-+名 and或both..and.连接的名词/ 词”作主语时，谓语动词 复数 代词 Both Jenny and Kate are my friends. 用单数；“many kinds of+- 主语后面跟有with,together 取决于前 名词”作主语时，谓语动 with,along with,except,but, He as well as his parents wants to go 个主语 to the museum to spend their 词用复数。如： like,as well as,rather than, 的数 weekend. including等词 This kind of cups 单个动词不定式短语、动名词短 sells well. 单数 Speaking English with Liz helps me 语或从句 improve my spoken English Many kinds of cups are shown here. 11312.was translated II.1.forms 2.first 3.in 4.widely 5.with 6.balloons 7.sounds 8.was listed 9.but 10.historical 11.an 12.them 13.polished 14.to complete 15.will remain 九年级（全)Units7~8 考点讲练 1.our 2.to tell;lying 3.in 4.ending 5.collecting 6.from 7.manager 8.management 9.to deal 10.attended 11.joined 12.in 13.asleep 14.sleepy 15.a 16.sleeping 随堂小练 I.1.a 2.after 3.on 4.at 5.hugged 6.safety 7.stamps 8.rabbits 9.her 10.poems 11.sleepy 12.was crying 13.attended 14.coats 15.becoming II.1.twelfth 2.landed 3.entered 4.as 5.mysteries 6.receives 7.longest 8.leaders 9.medical 10.from 11.but 12.to honor 13.an 14.slowly 15.was built 九年级（全)Units9~10 考点讲练 1.to buy/buying 2.to/over 3.to be 4.that 5.a 6.to leave 7.supposed 8.to wear 9.that 10.spending 11.worthy 12.for 13.harmful 14.of 随堂小练 1.1.by 2.at 3.a 4.an 5.off 6.in 7.sadness 8.seasons 9.director 10.stuck II.1.to 2.preferred 3.of 4.dialogs 5.ending 6.me 7.gradually 8.second 9.sadder 10.an 11.shuts 12.saves 13.but 14.to exchange 15.will have II.1.What are you going to do this weekend?2.Smooth music./I like smooth music.3.Would you like to watch a 第二部分 一、词类 专题一名词 考点1名词辨析 拓展提升练 1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D6.C7.A8.B9.A 10.D 考点2名词的数 河北5年真题练 1.turns 2.months 3.jobs 4.pleasure 5.schools 6.children 7.colors 8.kinds 9.matches 拓展提升练 I.1.visitors 2.discussion 3.robots 4.postmen 5.scarves/scarfs 6.teeth 7.tomatoes 8.seasons 9.inventors 10.Canadian 11.knives 12.heroes 13.kites 14.flowers 15.artist 16.scientist 17.safety 18.pressure 19.invitation 20.teacher 21.magician 22.brushes 23.boxes 24.photos 25.development II.1.years 2.activities 3.friends 4.places 5.classes 考点3名词所有格 拓展提升练 1.Tom's 2.minutes'3.father's 4.theirs 5.Children's 语法知识滚动练 1.hours 2.classmates 3.habits 4.candies 5.meals 6.dishes 7.snacks 8.months 9.friends 10.importance 专题二 动词和动词短语 考点1动词和动词短语 河北5年真题 1.A2.A 4 movie with me this weekend?4.What's the movie about? 5.When and where shall we meet? 九年级（全)Units11~12 考点讲练 1.colorful 2.to say 3.for 4.understood 5.to leave 6.her 7.drove 8.when 9.By 10.got 11.By 12.in 13.lively 14.a 15.living 随堂小练 I.1.on 2.out 3.of 4.a 5.with 6.friendship 7.believable 8.weight 9.discoveries 10.nodding 11.coaches 12.wealthy 13.ladies II.1.a 2.blocks 3.in 4.stared 5.banker 6.to kick 7.have passed 8.overslept 9.quickly 10.But 11.first 12.were cancelled/canceled 13.was driving 14.into 15.luckiest II.1.Have you ever been late for class?2.Why were you late for class today?3.What time/When did you wake up?4.No,I didn't.5.How did you get to school? 九年级（全)Units13~14 考点讲练 1.in 2.works 3.as 4.of 5.for 6.for 7.to say 8.for 9.first 10.to join 随堂小练 I.1.off 2.a 3.for 4.back 5.in 6.in 7.for 8.fishermen 9.methods 10.ours 11.wooden 12.advantages 13.to wait II.1.probably 2.to recycle 3.away/out 4.built 5.were pulled 6.an 7.her 8.overcame 9.and 10.costs 11.seventh 12.for 13.works 14.thankful 15.creativity 语法知识讲练 拓展提升练 I.1.A2.C3.A4.B5.B Ⅱ.1.D2.C3.B4.A5.A6.B7.A8.C9.D 10.B 考点2情态动词 河北5年真题练 1.B2.A3.C 拓展提升练 1.A2.A3.C4.C5.D6.D 考点3谓语动词的时态 河北5年真题练 1.taught 2.will make 3.washes;is setting;will do;helped; got 4.gets 5.will order 6.has studied 7.rang 8.shouted 9.has read 10.are playing 11.got 12.tells 13.was taking 14.likes 15.invited 16.works 17.won 拓展提升练 1.is giving 2.picks 3.turns 4.appears 5.has created 6.are 7.made 8.showed 9.started 10.asked 11.were thinking 12.praised 13.becomes 14.have achieved 15.will continue 考点4被动语态 河北5年真题练 1.is called 2.is cut 3.was read 4.is provided 5.were made 拓展提升练 1.will be replaced 2.will be held 3.be avoided 4.was built 5.be protected 考点5动词的非谓语形式 河北5年真题练 1.to create 2.to change 拓展提升练 1.to do 2.to make 3.to share 4.crying 5.practicing 6.praising 7.to stay 8.to sell 9.taking 10.to give 11.to introduce 12.to enter 13.reading 14.to swim 15.to win 考点6主谓一致 河北5年真题练 are 拓展提升练 1.spends 2.is 3.is 4.has 5.has 6.increases 7.goes 8.remains 9.is 10.is 11.is 12.is 13.are 14.was 15.were 16.am 17.are 18.is 19.were 20.has 语法知识滚动练 I.1.C2.D3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.B9.A 10.D II.1.were left 2.driver's 3.was playing 4.was parked 5.cars 6.tried 7.was 8.to do 9.rushing 10.reached 11.years 12.runs 13.acted 14.has made 15.will share 专题三形容词和副词 考点1形容词、副词的句法功能 河北5年真题练 1.interesting 2.thankful 3.relaxed 4.friendly 5.lovely 6.recently 7.happily 8.really 拓展提升练 I.1.sunny 2.useful 3.national 4.homeless 5.snowy 6.lucky 7.touching 8.healthy 9.dangerous 10.colorful 11.sleepy 12.patient 13.comfortable 14.politely 15.wisely 16.carefully 17.highly 18.completely Ⅱ.1.D2.B3.A4.D5.C6.B7.B8.A9.C 10.A 考点2形容词、副词的比较等级 河北5年真题练 1.busiest 2.younger 3.nicest 4.highest 5.faster 拓展提升练 1.quieter 2.stronger 3.larger 4.harder 5.cheapest 6.wealthier 7.lowest 8.lazier 语法知识滚动练 I.1.A2.D3.A4.C5.B6.D7.A8.B9.B 10.C II.1.taller 2.boys 3.were told 4.excited 5.simply 6.kindness 7.longest 8.proudest 9.softly 10.differently 11.creative 12.easily 13.valuable 14.better 15.helped 专题四代词 考点1人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 河北5年真题练 1.us 2.Hers 3.him 4.herself 5.his 6.him 7.mine 8.Mine 9.her 拓展提升练 1.my 2.me 3.myself 4.her 5.hers 6.us 考点2指示代词 拓展提升练 1.C2.B3.C4.B 考点3不定代词 拓展提升练 Cloze 11.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C Cloze 2 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.C 考点4疑问代词 拓展提升练 1.What 2.Which 3.Which 4.whom 5.Whose 6.What 7.who/whom 语法知识滚动练 1.my 2.excited 3.these 4.laughed 5.herself 6.them 7.was put 8.shyly 9.her 10.lessons 11.to make 12.our 13.was holding 14.us 15.yours 专题五数词 河北5年真题练 1.fourth 2.fifth 3.ninth 4.first 5.eighth 拓展提升练 1.third 2.second 3.tenth 4.twelfth 5.twentieth 6.second 专题六 介词和介词短语 河北5年真题练 1.to 2.of 3.to 4.At 5.in 6.for 7.for 8.from 9.to 10.with 11.after 拓展提升练 1.on 2.until/till 3.on 4.from 5.in 6.at 7.in 8.from/against 9.with/at 10.on 11.between 12.by 13.in 14.except 15.on 16.of 17.by 18.To 19.for 20.by 21.as 22.before 语法知识滚动练 1.for 2.to 3.of 4.in 5.on 6.of 7.for 8.in 9.to 10.with 11.of 12.like 13.to/for 14.by 15.on 专题七冠词 河北5年真题练 1.the 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.a 6.an 拓展提升练 1.The 2.a 3.a 4.The 5.a 6.a 7.a 8.an 9.an 10.an11.an12.the13.a14.the15.a 语法知识滚动练 1.an 2.a 3.paintings 4.a 5.was standing 6.an 7.a 8.a 9.our 10.happily 11.the 12.cleaner 13.an 14.an15.a 二、句法 专题八 简单句和句子种类 考点1简单句的基本句型 拓展提升练 1.is 2.were 3.are 4.was 考点2 陈述句 拓展提升练 1.hasn't run 2.isn't talking 3.won't learn 4.hasn't made 5.didn't set 考点3疑问句 拓展提升练 1.Yes,I do.2.Yes,she can. 3.No,I have not/haven't. 4.How long 5.How often 6.Is;reading 考点4祈使句 拓展提升练 1.Please remember that home is always a warm place. 2.Don't/Never cross the road when the traffic lights are red. 3.Be a good kid. 4.Let me introduce myself to you. 考点5感叹句 拓展提升练 1.What a kind boy 2.How important 3.How lucky 4.What bad:How bad 专题九并列复合句 河北5年真题练 1.and 2.and 3.but 拓展提升练 1.but 2.or 3.so/and 4.So 5.or 6.Either 7.Neither 5