Unit 3 Growing Up 语法讲解（英语新教材人教版八年级下册）

Unit 3 Growing Up —— although / until / so that语法详解 一、although (尽管；虽然；即使) 1. although 引导让步状语从句 用法：引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然；即使”。位置灵活，可放在主句前或主句后。 位于主句前时：Although + 从句, + 主句 例句：Although it rained, we went to the park.（虽然下雨了，我们还是去了公园。） 位于主句后时：主句 + although + 从句 例句：We went to the park although it rained.（我们去了公园，虽然下雨了。） 练习题： ( ) 1. ______ it was cold, they went swimming. A. Although B. But C. Because 2. although 与 but 的区别 注意事项：although/though 不能和 but 同时使用，但可以和 yet 或 still 连用。 正确用法： 例句： Although he is young, he knows a lot.（虽然他年轻，但他懂得很多。） · He is young, but he knows a lot.（他年轻，但是他懂得很多。） 错误用法： · Although he is young, but he knows a lot.（×） 练习题： ( ) 2. He is very rich, ______ he is not happy. A. although B. but C. so 3. though 作副词的用法 用法：though 可作副词，常放句末，意为“可是，不过”。although 一般不作副词。 例句： It's a difficult task. I'll try, though.（这是个困难的任务，不过我会试试。） 练习题： ( ) 3. It's a difficult task. I'll try, ______. A. although B. though C. even 4. although 与 even though 的互换 用法：although 可与 though / even if / even though 互换。 例句：· Even though he is tired, he keeps working.（即使他很累，他仍继续工作。） · Although he is tired, he keeps working.（虽然他累了，他仍继续工作。） 练习题： ( ) 4. She kept working ______ she was tired. A. although B. but C. because 5. although 引导的从句位置 用法：although 从句放在主句前后均可，放在主句前时常用逗号隔开。 例句：· Although he is young, he can take care of himself.（虽然他年轻，但他能照顾自己。） · He can take care of himself although he is young.（他能照顾自己，虽然他年轻。） 练习题： ( ) 5. ______ he is young, he can take care of himself. A. Although B. But C. So 二、until (直到...) 1. until 在肯定句中的用法 用法：谓语动词用延续性动词，表示动作一直持续到从句时间为止。意为“直到……为止”。 例句：I will stay here until you come back.（我会待在这里直到你回来。） 练习题： ( ) 6. I will wait ______ you finish your work. A. until B. when C. after 2. not...until 结构 用法：谓语动词用非延续性动词，表示动作直到从句时间才发生。意为“直到……才”。 例句： · He didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night.（他昨晚直到11点才睡觉。） 练习题： ( ) 7. He ______ leave until his mother came back. A. didn't B. doesn't C. wasn't 3. not...until 的延续性动词辨析 注意事项：not...until 结构中，谓语动词要用非延续性动词。 正确用法：· He didn't leave until 10.（他直到10点才离开。） 错误用法：· He didn't wait until 10.（他直到10点才等待。——语义错误） 练习题： ( ) 8. We didn't start the meeting ______ the teacher arrived. A. until B. when C. after 4. until 与 till 的区别 用法：until 可放句首，till 一般不用于句首。 例句：· Until you told me, I knew nothing.（直到你告诉我，我什么都不知道。） · Wait here till I come back.（在这里等到我回来。） 练习题： ( ) 9. Please wait here ______ I come back. A. until B. when C. while 5. until 作介词的用法 用法：until/till 既可作连词也可作介词，后接名词或名词短语。 例句： The shop is open until 9 p.m.（这家商店营业到晚上9点。） 练习题： ( ) 10. ______ last week, I had never heard of this place. A. Until B. When C. After 三、so that (以便；结果) 1. so that 引导目的状语从句 用法：引导目的状语从句，意为“以便；为了”。从句常接情态动词 (can, could, may, might, will, would)。 例句：He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.（他早起以便能赶上第一班车。） 练习题： ( ) 11. He spoke loudly ______ everyone could hear him. A. so that B. because C. if 2. so that 目的状语从句中的情态动词 用法：so that 引导目的状语从句时，从句常用情态动词。 例句：· She studies hard so that she can get good grades.（她努力学习以便取得好成绩。） · He saved money so that he could buy a car.（他省钱以便能买车。） 练习题： ( ) 12. She got up early ______ she wouldn't miss the train. A. so that B. although C. until 3. so that 与 in order that 互换 用法：so that 可与 in order that 互换，都表示目的。 例句：· He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. · He raised his voice in order that everyone could hear.（他提高声音以便每个人都能听见。） 练习题： ( ) 13. Please speak clearly ______ we can understand you. A. so that B.although C.until 4. so that 引导结果状语从句 用法：引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”。前面常有逗号隔开。 例句：· It rained heavily, so that the match was cancelled.（雨下得很大，所以比赛被取消了。） 练习题： ( ) 14. The box was very heavy, ______ I couldn't carry it. A. so that B. because C. although 5. so that 与 so 的区别 用法：so that 引导从句，前面常有逗号；so 连接两个并列分句，意为“所以”。 例句：· It rained heavily, so that the game stopped.（雨下得很大，以至于比赛停止了。——结果状语从句） · It rained heavily, so we stayed at home.（雨下得很大，所以我们待在家里。——并列句） 练习题： ( ) 15. He didn't study hard, ______ he failed the exam. A. so that B. so C. because 四、易错点总结 although 与 but 不能同时使用 正确：Although he is young, he is smart. 错误：Although he is young, but he is smart. though 可作副词放在句末 正确：It's hard. I'll try, though. 错误：It's hard. I'll try, although. not...until 结构谓语动词用非延续性 正确：He didn't leave until 10. 错误：He didn't wait until 10. until 肯定句谓语动词用延续性 正确：He waited until 10. 错误：He left until 10. so that 表目的时从句常用情态动词 正确：Study hard so that you can pass. 错误：Study hard so that you pass. so that 表结果时前面常有逗号 正确：It rained, so that the game stopped. 错误：It rained so that the game stopped. 【综合练习】 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. ______ he is very busy, he still helps me with my homework. A. Although B. But C. Because ( ) 2. I will wait here ______ you come back. A. when B. until C. after ( ) 3. He got up early ______ he could catch the first bus. A. so that B. because C. if ( ) 4. She didn't go to bed ______ 11 o'clock last night. A. when B. until C. after ( ) 5. It was raining hard, ______ we stayed at home. A. so that B. so C. because ( ) 6. ______ he worked hard, he didn't pass the exam. A. Although B. But C. So ( ) 7. Please wait ______ the light turns green. A. until B. when C. after ( ) 8. She spoke quietly ______ she wouldn't wake up the baby. A. so that B. because C. if 二、用适当的连词填空 从方框中选择正确的单词填空，每个单词限用一次。 although, until, so that, though, because, when, if, but 1. ______ it was cold, they went swimming. 2. He didn't leave ______ his mother came back. 3. She studied hard ______ she could pass the exam. 4. It's not easy. I'll try, ______. 5. He was late ______ he missed the bus. 6. I'll call you ______ I arrive at the station. 7. ______ you work hard, you will succeed. 8. He is rich, ______ he is not happy. 三、句型转换 1. Although he is young, he knows a lot. (改为同义句) He is young, ______ he knows a lot. 2. He didn't go to bed until his father came back. (改为同义句) He ______ to bed ______ his father came back. 3. He got up early to catch the first bus. (改为同义句) He got up early ______ ______ he could catch the first bus. 4. Although it rained, we went to the park. (改为同义句) It rained, ______ we went to the park ______. 5. She studied hard. She wanted to get good grades. (合并为一句) She studied hard ______ ______ she could get good grades. 6. I will wait here. I will wait until you come back. (合并为一句) I will wait here ______ you come back. 7. He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard. (改为同义句) He didn't study hard, ______ he didn't pass the exam. 8. Although he is tired, he keeps working. (改为同义句) He is tired, ______ he keeps working. 四、完成句子 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 虽然他很累，但他仍然继续工作。 ______ he was tired, he kept working. 2. 直到雨停我们才离开。 We ______ leave ______ the rain stopped. 3. 他早早起床以便能赶上第一班车。 He got up early ______ ______ he could catch the first bus. 4. 这很难，不过我会试试。 It's difficult. I'll try, ______. 5. 雨下得很大，所以比赛取消了。 It rained heavily, ______ ______ the match was cancelled. 6. 请在这里等我直到我回来。 Please wait here ______ I come back. 7. 虽然他很有钱，但他并不快乐。 ______ he is rich, he is not happy. 8. 她努力学习以便能考上好大学。 She studies hard ______ ______ she can get into a good university. 五、短文改错 下列句子中各有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. Although he is very busy, but he still helps others._________________ 2. He didn't arrived until the meeting started._________________ 3. She got up early so that she can catch the first bus._________________ 4. It's hard, although I will try._________________ 5. He waited until his mother didn't come back._________________ 6. Because it rained, so we stayed at home._________________ 7. I will wait here when you come back._________________ 8. She studies hard so that she can passed the exam._________________ 六、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last Sunday, I wanted to go to the park with my friends. My mother said I could go (1) ______ I finished my homework first. I worked hard (2) ______ I could finish it quickly. (3) ______ I was tired, I didn't stop (4) ______ I finished all my work. Then I went to the park. My friends were already there. They were playing basketball. I joined them (5) ______ we had a great time. (6) ______ it started to rain, we didn't go home immediately. We waited under a tree (7) ______ the rain stopped. (8) ______ we got wet, we were still happy. ( ) 1. A. when B. until C. after ( ) 2. A. so that B. because C. if ( ) 3. A. Although B. Because C. If ( ) 4. A. when B. until C. after ( ) 5. A. and B. but C. so ( ) 6. A. When B. Until C. After ( ) 7. A. when B. until C. after ( ) 8. A. Although B. Because C. If ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Growing Up —— although / until / so that语法详解 一、although (尽管；虽然；即使) 1. although 引导让步状语从句 用法：引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然；即使”。位置灵活，可放在主句前或主句后。 位于主句前时：Although + 从句, + 主句 例句：Although it rained, we went to the park.（虽然下雨了，我们还是去了公园。） 位于主句后时：主句 + although + 从句 例句：We went to the park although it rained.（我们去了公园，虽然下雨了。） 练习题： ( ) 1. ______ it was cold, they went swimming. A. Although B. But C. Because 【答案】A。 【解析】考查although引导让步状语从句。句意：虽然天气冷，但他们还是去游泳了。 2. although 与 but 的区别 注意事项：although/though 不能和 but 同时使用，但可以和 yet 或 still 连用。 正确用法： 例句： Although he is young, he knows a lot.（虽然他年轻，但他懂得很多。） · He is young, but he knows a lot.（他年轻，但是他懂得很多。） 错误用法： · Although he is young, but he knows a lot.（×） 练习题： ( ) 2. He is very rich, ______ he is not happy. A. although B. but C. so 【答案】B。 【解析】考查并列连词but。前后句是转折关系，用but。although是从属连词，不能连接两个独立分句。 3. though 作副词的用法 用法：though 可作副词，常放句末，意为“可是，不过”。although 一般不作副词。 例句： It's a difficult task. I'll try, though.（这是个困难的任务，不过我会试试。） 练习题： ( ) 3. It is cold. I go out, ______. A. although B. though C. even 【答案】B。 【解析】考查though作副词的用法。though放在句末，意为“可是，不过”。 4. although 与 even though 的互换 用法：although 可与 though / even if / even though 互换。 例句：· Even though he is tired, he keeps working.（即使他很累，他仍继续工作。） · Although he is tired, he keeps working.（虽然他累了，他仍继续工作。） 练习题： ( ) 4. She kept working ______ she was tired. A. although B. but C. because 【答案】A。 【解析】考查although引导让步状语从句。句意：尽管她累了，她仍然继续工作。 5. although 引导的从句位置 用法：although 从句放在主句前后均可，放在主句前时常用逗号隔开。 例句：· Although he is young, he can take care of himself.（虽然他年轻，但他能照顾自己。） · He can take care of himself although he is young.（他能照顾自己，虽然他年轻。） 练习题： ( ) 5._______ I don’t like math, I study hard. A. Although B. But C. So 【答案】A。 【解析】考查although引导让步状语从句。句意：虽然我不喜欢数学，但我努力学习。 二、until (直到...) 1. until 在肯定句中的用法 用法：谓语动词用延续性动词，表示动作一直持续到从句时间为止。意为“直到……为止”。 例句：I will stay here until you come back.（我会待在这里直到你回来。） 练习题： ( ) 6. I will wait ______ you finish your work. A. until B. when C. after 【答案】A。 【解析】考查until引导时间状语从句。句意：我会等你直到你完成工作。 2. not...until 结构 用法：谓语动词用非延续性动词，表示动作直到从句时间才发生。意为“直到……才”。 例句： · He didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night.（他昨晚直到11点才睡觉。） 练习题： ( ) 7. He ______ leave until his mother came back. A. didn't B. doesn't C. wasn't 【答案】A。 【解析】考查not...until结构。句意：他直到妈妈回来才离开。 3. not...until 的延续性动词辨析 注意事项：not...until 结构中，谓语动词要用非延续性动词。 正确用法：· He didn't leave until 10.（他直到10点才离开。） 错误用法：· He didn't wait until 10.（他直到10点才等待。——语义错误） 练习题： ( ) 8. We didn't start the meeting ______ the teacher arrived. A. until B. when C. after 【答案】A。 【解析】考查not...until结构。句意：直到老师到达我们才开始会议。 4. until 与 till 的区别 用法：until 可放句首，till 一般不用于句首。 例句：· Until you told me, I knew nothing.（直到你告诉我，我什么都不知道。） · Wait here till I come back.（在这里等到我回来。） 练习题： ( ) 9. Please wait here ______ I come back. A. until B. when C. while 【答案】A。 【解析】考查until引导时间状语从句。句意：请在这里等我直到我回来。 5. until 作介词的用法 用法：until/till 既可作连词也可作介词，后接名词或名词短语。 例句： The shop is open until 9 p.m.（这家商店营业到晚上9点。） 练习题： ( ) 10. ______ last week, I had never heard of this place. A. Until B. When C. After 【答案】A。 【解析】考查until作介词的用法。until last week意为“直到上周”。 三、so that (以便；结果) 1. so that 引导目的状语从句 用法：引导目的状语从句，意为“以便；为了”。从句常接情态动词 (can, could, may, might, will, would)。 例句：He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.（他早起以便能赶上第一班车。） 练习题： ( ) 11. He spoke loudly ______ everyone could hear him. A. so that B. because C. if 【答案】A。 【解析】考查so that引导目的状语从句。句意：他大声说话以便每个人都能听见。 2. so that 目的状语从句中的情态动词 用法：so that 引导目的状语从句时，从句常用情态动词。 例句：· She studies hard so that she can get good grades.（她努力学习以便取得好成绩。） · He saved money so that he could buy a car.（他省钱以便能买车。） 练习题： ( ) 12. She got up early ______ she wouldn't miss the train. A. so that B. although C. until 【答案】A。 【解析】考查so that引导目的状语从句。句意：她早起以免错过火车。 3. so that 与 in order that 互换 用法：so that 可与 in order that 互换，都表示目的。 例句：· He raised his voice so that everyone could hear.（他提高声音以便每个人都能听见。） 练习题： ( ) 13. Please speak clearly ______ we can understand you. A. so that B.although C.until 【答案】A。 【解析】考查so that引导目的状语从句。句意：请说清楚些以便我们能理解你。 4. so that 引导结果状语从句 用法：引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”。前面常有逗号隔开。 例句：· It rained heavily, so that the match was cancelled.（雨下得很大，所以比赛被取消了。） 练习题： ( ) 14. The box was very heavy, ______ I couldn't carry it. A. so that B. because C. although 【答案】A。考查so that引导结果状语从句。句意：箱子很重，所以我搬不动。 5. so that 与 so 的区别 用法：so that 引导从句，前面常有逗号；so 连接两个并列分句，意为“所以”。 例句：· It rained heavily, so that the game stopped.（雨下得很大，以至于比赛停止了。——结果状语从句） · It rained heavily, so we stayed at home.（雨下得很大，所以我们待在家里。——并列句） 练习题： ( ) 15. He didn't study hard, ______ he failed the exam. A. so that B. so C. because 【答案】B。 【解析】考查so表示结果。so意为“所以”，连接两个并列分句。so that引导从句，前面常有逗号。 四、易错点总结 although 与 but 不能同时使用 正确：Although he is young, he is smart. 错误：Although he is young, but he is smart. though 可作副词放在句末 正确：It's hard. I'll try, though. 错误：It's hard. I'll try, although. not...until 结构谓语动词用非延续性 正确：He didn't leave until 10. 错误：He didn't wait until 10. until 肯定句谓语动词用延续性 正确：He waited until 10. 错误：He left until 10. so that 表目的时从句常用情态动词 正确：Study hard so that you can pass. 错误：Study hard so that you pass. so that 表结果时前面常有逗号 正确：It rained, so that the game stopped. 错误：It rained so that the game stopped. 【综合练习】 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. ______ he is very busy, he still helps me with my homework. A. Although B. But C. Because ( ) 2. I will wait here ______ you come back. A. when B. until C. after ( ) 3. He got up early ______ he could catch the first bus. A. so that B. because C. if ( ) 4. She didn't go to bed ______ 11 o'clock last night. A. when B. until C. after ( ) 5. It was raining hard, ______ we stayed at home. A. so that B. so C. because ( ) 6. ______ he worked hard, he didn't pass the exam. A. Although B. But C. So ( ) 7. Please wait ______ the light turns green. A. until B. when C. after ( ) 8. She spoke quietly ______ she wouldn't wake up the baby. A. so that B. because C. if 【答案】1.A;2.B; 3.A ; 4.B; 5.B; 6.A; 7.A;8.A 【解析】1. A。考查although引导让步状语从句。句意：虽然他很忙，他仍然帮助我做作业。 2. B。考查until引导时间状语从句。句意：我会在这里等你直到你回来。 3. A。考查so that引导目的状语从句。句意：他早起以便能赶上第一班车。 4. B。考查not...until结构。句意：她昨晚直到11点才睡觉。 5. B。考查so表示结果。句意：雨下得很大，所以我们待在家里。 6. A。考查although引导让步状语从句。句意：虽然他学习努力，但他没有通过考试。 7. A。考查until引导时间状语从句。句意：请等到绿灯亮。 8. A。考查so that引导目的状语从句。句意：她轻声说话以免吵醒婴儿。 二、用适当的连词填空 从方框中选择正确的单词填空，每个单词限用一次。 although, until, so that, though, because, when, if, but 1. ______ it was cold, they went swimming. 2. He didn't leave ______ his mother came back. 3. She studied hard ______ she could pass the exam. 4. It's not easy. I'll try, ______. 5. He was late ______ he missed the bus. 6. I'll call you ______ I arrive at the station. 7. ______ you work hard, you will succeed. 8. He is rich, ______ he is not happy. 【答案】1. Although; 2. until; 3. so that; 4. though; 5. because; 6. when; 7. If; 8. but; 三、句型转换 1. Although he is young, he knows a lot. (改为同义句) He is young, ______ he knows a lot. 2. He didn't go to bed until his father came back. (改为同义句) He ______ to bed ______ his father came back. 3. He got up early to catch the first bus. (改为同义句) He got up early ______ ______ he could catch the first bus. 4. Although it rained, we went to the park. (改为同义句) It rained, ______ we went to the park ______. 5. She studied hard. She wanted to get good grades. (合并为一句) She studied hard ______ ______ she could get good grades. 6. I will wait here. I will wait until you come back. (合并为一句) I will wait here ______ you come back. 7. He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard. (改为同义句) He didn't study hard, ______ he didn't pass the exam. 8. Although he is tired, he keeps working. (改为同义句) He is tired, ______ he keeps working. 【答案】1. but；2. went；until ; 3. so that；4. but；anyway；5. so that；6. until; 7. so；8. but 四、完成句子 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 虽然他很累，但他仍然继续工作。 ______ he was tired, he kept working. 2. 直到雨停我们才离开。 We ______ leave ______ the rain stopped. 3. 他早早起床以便能赶上第一班车。 He got up early ______ ______ he could catch the first bus. 4. 这很难，不过我会试试。 It's difficult. I'll try, ______. 5. 雨下得很大，所以比赛取消了。 It rained heavily, ______ ______ the match was cancelled. 6. 请在这里等我直到我回来。 Please wait here ______ I come back. 7. 虽然他很有钱，但他并不快乐。 ______ he is rich, he is not happy. 8. 她努力学习以便能考上好大学。 She studies hard ______ ______ she can get into a good university. 【答案】1. Although；2. didn't；until；3. so that；4. though；5. so that；6. until； 7. Although；8. so that 五、短文改错 下列句子中各有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. Although he is very busy, but he still helps others._________________ 2. He didn't arrived until the meeting started._________________ 3. She got up early so that she can catch the first bus._________________ 4. It's hard, although I will try._________________ 5. He waited until his mother didn't come back._________________ 6. Because it rained, so we stayed at home._________________ 7. I will wait here when you come back._________________ 8. She studies hard so that she can passed the exam._________________ 【答案】1. 去掉but。；2. arrived → arrive；3. can → could； 4. although → though；5. didn't come → came；6. 去掉so；7. when → until；8. passed → pass 【解析】1. 去掉but。although和but不能同时使用。 2. arrived → arrive。didn't后接动词原形。 3. can → could。主句是过去时，从句用相应的过去时。 4. although → though。放在句末作副词，用though。 5. didn't come → came。until肯定句表示“直到……为止”，wait是延续性动词，用肯定形式。 6. 去掉so。because和so不能同时使用。 7. when → until。根据句意，应该是“直到你回来”，用until。 8. passed → pass。can后接动词原形。 六、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last Sunday, I wanted to go to the park with my friends. My mother said I could go (1) ______ I finished my homework first. I worked hard (2) ______ I could finish it quickly. (3) ______ I was tired, I didn't stop (4) ______ I finished all my work. Then I went to the park. My friends were already there. They were playing basketball. I joined them (5) ______ we had a great time. (6) ______ it started to rain, we didn't go home immediately. We waited under a tree (7) ______ the rain stopped. (8) ______ we got wet, we were still happy. ( ) 1. A. when B. until C. after ( ) 2. A. so that B. because C. if ( ) 3. A. Although B. Because C. If ( ) 4. A. when B. until C. after ( ) 5. A. and B. but C. so ( ) 6. A. When B. Until C. After ( ) 7. A. when B. until C. after ( ) 8. A. Although B. Because C. If 【答案】1.C; 2.A；3.A; 4.B; 5.A; 6.A; .7.B; .8.A 【解析】 1. C。考查after引导时间状语从句。句意：妈妈说我可以在先完成作业之后去。表示“在……之后”用after。 2. A。考查so that引导目的状语从句。句意：我努力学习以便能快速完成。表示“以便”用so that。 3. A。考查although引导让步状语从句。句意：虽然我很累，但我没有停止。表示“虽然”用Although。 4. B。考查until引导时间状语从句。句意：直到我完成所有作业才停止。not...until表示“直到……才”。 5. A。考查and表示并列关系。句意：我加入了他们，我们玩得很开心。两个动作是顺承关系，用and。 6. A。考查when引导时间状语从句。句意：当下雨的时候，我们没有立刻回家。表示“当……时候”用When。 7. B。考查until引导时间状语从句。句意：我们在树下等到雨停。wait是延续性动词，用until表示“直到”。 8. A。考查although引导让步状语从句。句意：虽然我们淋湿了，但我们仍然很开心。表示“虽然”用Although。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $