Unit 3 Environmental Protection 直接引语与间接引语（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 3 Environmental Protection 核心语法精练（直接引语与间接引语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、完成句子 3 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 14 一、概念 直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，加引号。 She said, “I like English.” 间接引语：转述别人的话，不加引号，变成宾语从句。 She said that she liked English. 二、变间接引语 四大变化 1. 人称变化（口诀：一主、二宾、三不变） 一随主：第一人称随主句主语变 二随宾：第二人称随主句宾语变 三不变：第三人称不变 例： Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说，“你向谁请了假？” →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。 2. 时态变化（主句是过去时，从句往后退一格） His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时) →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时) 直接引语 间接引语 句 子 时 态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 一般将来时 过去将来时 【注意】　 直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化的情况： (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时； (2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变； (3)主句的谓语时态为现在进行时态。 The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” → The teacher said the earth goes round the sun. 3. 时间/地点状语变化 指示 代词 this that these those 时间 状语 now then today that day tonight that night yesterday the day before tomorrow the next(following)day last month(week) the month(week)before next month(week) the next month(week) the day before yesterday two days before 地点 状语 here there 动词 come go bring take 4. 引导词变化 陈述句：用 that（可省） 一般疑问句：用 if / whether 特殊疑问句：用原来的疑问词（what/who/when…） 祈使句：变 tell/ask/order sb. to do 三、三大句型转换 1. 陈述句 He said, “I am busy.” → He said (that) he was busy. 2. 一般疑问句 She asked, “Do you like music?” → She asked if/whether I liked music. 3. 特殊疑问句 He asked, “Where are you from?” → He asked where I was from. 4. 祈使句 He said to me, “Open the door.” → He told me to open the door. 否定： He said, “Don’t run.” → He told me not to run. 一、直接引语变成间接引语 1．“We will visit Paris next week,” they told me. 【答案】They told me (that) they would visit Paris the next week. 【详解】考查直接引语和间接引语。句意：“我们下周将访问巴黎，”他们告诉我。间接引语应翻译为“他们告诉我他们下周要去巴黎。”改后的句子主语为they，谓语为told，宾语为me，直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时要用that引导宾语从句，that也可以省略。宾语从句中：间接引语中的主语We应变为they，与主句主语they一致。主句为一般过去时，从句需将原来的一般将来时变为过去将来时，从句谓语用would visit；从句的时间状语next week改为the next week。故改写为：They told me (that) they would visit Paris the next week. 2．“I finished the portrait yesterday,” she said. 【答案】She said that she had finished the portrait the day before. 【详解】考查间接引语。句意：她说她前一天就完成了肖像画。直接引语是陈述句，改为间接引语时，需用that作引导词，引导宾语从句；主句的时态是一般过去时，直接引语中的动词时态要相应地变为过去完成时had finished；人称I改为she；时间状语yesterday改为the day before。故答案为She said that she had finished the portrait the day before. 3．“This piece was inspired by a dream I had,” the artist explained. 【答案】The artist explained that the piece was inspired by a dream he had had. 【详解】考查间接引语。句意：“这件作品的灵感来自于我做过的一个梦，”艺术家解释说。该句的直接引语改写为间接引语，间接引语是陈述句，用以连接词that引导的宾语从句表达，放在主句The artist explained后；根据“explained”和句意可知，从句应为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，艺术家做过的梦指的是灵感被激发前发生的动作，故应用过去完成时。故答案为The artist explained that the piece was inspired by a dream he had had。 4．“I have always wanted to work with clay,” the sculptor told me. 【答案】The sculptor told me that he had always wanted to work with clay. 【详解】考查间接引语。句意：“我一直想用粘土来创作，”雕塑家告诉我。该句的直接引语改写为间接引语，可用以连接词that引导的宾语从句来表达，放在主句The sculptor told me后；根据“told”和句意可知，直接引语中的现在完成时应改为过去完成时，“I”指的是“the sculptor”，应用第三人称he来转述。故答案为The sculptor told me that he had always wanted to work with clay. 5．“I think the composition is perfect as it is,” said the artist. 【答案】The artist said that he thought the composition was perfect as it was. 【详解】考查间接引语。句意：“我认为这幅画的构图很完美，”艺术家说。该句中的直接引语改写为间接引语，直接引语为陈述句，用以连接词that引导的宾语从句来表达，放在主句The artist said后；根据“said”可知，改写后从句为一般过去时，“I”指的是“the artist”，应用第三人称he来转述。故答案为The artist said that he thought the composition was perfect as it was。 6．“You should never mix oil and watercolors,” the teacher warned. 【答案】The teacher warned that one should never mix oil and watercolors. 【详解】考查间接引语。句意：“你们不应该把油和水彩混在一起，”老师警告说。该句的直接引语改写为间接引语，直接引语为陈述句，可用以连接词that引导的宾语从句表达，放在主句The teacher warned后；直接引语中的“You”泛指“任何人”，可用one来转述。故答案为The teacher warned that one should never mix oil and watercolors. 7．He says, “I have accepted the manager’s suggestion.” 【答案】He says that he has accepted the manager’s suggestion. 【详解】考查直接引语改为间接引语。句意：他说他接受了经理的建议。此处直接引语改为间接引语，应将第一人称改为第三人称，故改为He says that he has accepted the manager’s suggestion. 8．“Let’s work together to stop climate change,” the expert said. 【答案】The expert suggested working together to stop climate change. 【详解】考查直接引语变间接引语、动名词。句意：专家说：“让我们一起来阻止气候变化。”直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时把陈述句的said变为suggested，suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”，用work“工作”的动名词，作suggested的宾语。故答案为：The expert suggested working together to stop climate change. 9．Kevin asked, “When are you going to work, John?” 【答案】Kevin asked John when he was going to work. 【详解】考查直接引语变成间接引语。此处直接引语变成间接引语时，疑问句改为陈述句语序，现在进行时改为过去进行时，主语为改为he，John提前到when之前。故改为Kevin asked John when he was going to work. 10．“Light travels faster than sound,” the teacher told us. 【答案】The teacher told us light travels faster than sound. 【详解】考查间接引语、宾语从句和时态。句意：“光比声音传播得快，”老师告诉我们。原句中的直接引语“Light travels much faster than sound”为陈述句，改为间接引语转化为that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句陈述客观真理，用一般现在时。故答案是The teacher told us light travels faster than sound.。 11．He said, “I saw the film yesterday.” → 【答案】He said that he had seen the film the day before. 【详解】考查直接引语变间接引语。句意：他说他前一天看过这部电影。直接引语为陈述句，用that引导从句作said的宾语；直接引语中第一人称随主句主语变为第三人称，一般过去时改为过去完成时；yesterday需改为the day before。故改为He said that he had seen the film the day before. 12．The old man said, “I like to talk with these young men.”  →　 【答案】The old man said that he liked to talk with those young men. 【详解】考查间接引语。句意：老人说他喜欢和那些年轻人交谈。直接引语为陈述句，所以间接引语应为that引导的宾语从句，主句中的内容不变，主句中的主语为第三人称，所以直接引语中的第一人称应改为第三人称he，根据谓语动词said可知，直接引语中的一般现在时应改为一般过去时，即like应改为liked，代词these在间接引语时应该为those。故答案为The old man said that he liked to talk with those young men. 13．He said, “She will come here to have a long holiday.” → 【答案】He said that she would go there to have a long holiday. 【详解】考查间接引语。句意：他说她要去那里度长假。分析原句可知，原句中的He said保持不变，直接引语为陈述句，所以此处应改为that引导的宾语从句作said的宾语，直接引语的主语为第三人称，应保持不变，因主句是一般过去时，直接引语中的一般将来应改为过去将来时，come应改为go，所以间接引语的谓语动词为would go，副词here应改为there。故答案为He said that she would go there to have a long holiday. 14．“Why don’t you take a walk after supper?” he advised. 【答案】He advised me to take a walk after supper. 【详解】考查直接引语变间接引语。句意：“你为什么不在晚饭后散散步呢?”他建议道。直接引语“Why don’t you take a walk after supper?”是一个表示建议的句子，结合advise可知，转化为固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.，时态保持不变。故填He advised me to take a walk after supper. 15．“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. 【答案】Kate asked whether my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 【详解】考查间接引语。句意：凯特问我姐姐喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的。原句中直接引语为一般疑问句，句中有or，间接引语改成用whether引导的宾语从句，用陈述句语序；由“Kate asked”可知，此句为一般过去时，结合句意可知宾语从句也为一般过去时，your sister改为my sister，故答案为Kate asked whether my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 题型一 语法填空 （2526高二上·云南怒江·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s 1 (long) reef. It is over 2,300 km long and lies along the northeastern coast of Australia. The reef is made up of billions of corals. It is home to over 1,500 different 2 (various) of fish. The Great Barrier Reef we see today is less than 10,000 years old. About 10,000 years ago, at 3 end of the last Ice Age, the ice at the North and South Poles turned into water 4 flooded the land on Australia’s coast. The shallow water 5 (become) the perfect place for corals to grow. Over thousands of years, they joined together to create the Great Barrier Reef today. The Great Barrier Reef is facing many problems today. Pollution, overfishing and over tourism have caused damage 6 the reef. However, the bigger danger 7 (face) the Great Barrier Reef is global warming. The Great Barrier Reef 8 (lose) around half of its corals since 1995 and this number will continue to increase 9 we can’t slow or stop global warming. Here are some changes you can make in your own life to help: Be a green traveler. Plant trees. Encourage everyone you know 10 (make) a change. 【答案】 1．longest 2．varieties 3．the 4．and 5．became 6．to 7．facing 8．has lost 9．if 10．to make 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上最长的珊瑚礁——大堡礁的基本情况、形成过程，以及当前面临的污染、过度捕捞、全球变暖等威胁，并提出了一些保护建议。    1．考查形容词最高级。句意：大堡礁是世界上最长的珊瑚礁。根据定冠词“the”和范围限定词“in the world”可知，此处需用形容词long的最高级形式longest，表示“最长的”。故填longest。 2．考查名词复数。句意：它是1500多种不同鱼类的家园。根据前文“1,500 different”可知，此处需用名词形式；“various”的名词为“variety”，表示“种类”时为可数名词，结合数量修饰词，应用复数形式varieties。固定搭配“different varieties of”表示“不同种类的”。故填varieties。 3．考查冠词。句意：大约10000年前，上一个冰河时代末期，南北两极的冰变成了水，淹没了澳大利亚海岸的土地。固定短语“at the end of”表示“在……末期”，此处需用定冠词the特指“上一个冰河时代的末期”。故填the。 4．考查并列连词。句意：大约10000年前，上一个冰河时代末期，南北两极的冰变成了水，淹没了澳大利亚海岸的土地。分析句子结构可知，“turned into water(变成了水)”和“flooded the land(淹没了土地)”是两个并列的谓语动词，均由主语“the ice”发出，需用并列连词and连接，表顺承关系。故填and。 5．考查动词时态。句意：浅水区成为了珊瑚生长的完美场所。根据前文“About 10,000 years ago(大约10000年前)”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，become的过去式为became。故填became。 6．考查介词。句意：污染、过度捕捞和过度旅游已经对珊瑚礁造成了破坏。固定搭配“cause damage to”表示“对……造成破坏”，此处需用介词to。故填to。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，大堡礁面临的更大危险是全球变暖。分析句子结构可知，空格处作后置定语修饰名词“danger”，“danger”与“face”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词facing。故填facing。 8．考查动词时态。句意：自1995年以来，大堡礁已经失去了大约一半的珊瑚，如果我们不能减缓或阻止全球变暖，这个数字还将继续增加。根据时间状语“since 1995”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语“the bigger danger”为单数，助动词用has，lose的过去分词为lost。故填has lost。 9．考查连词。句意：自1995年以来，大堡礁已经失去了大约一半的珊瑚，如果我们不能减缓或阻止全球变暖，这个数字还将继续增加。根据句意可知，空格后“我们不能减缓或阻止全球变暖”是“珊瑚损失数量继续增加”的假设条件，应用连词if引导条件状语从句。故填if。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：鼓励你认识的每个人做出改变。固定搭配“encourage sb. to do sth.”表示“鼓励某人做某事”，此处需用动词不定式to make作宾语补足语。故填to make。 （2526高二上·吉林·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 West Lake, 1 (acknowledge) as one of China’s most precious scenic treasures, has attracted numerous visitors worldwide annually. 2 strikes visitors most about this scenic spot is its unique blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage. It is also famous for its 3 (influence) legends, such as the story of Bai Suzhen and Xu Xian, 4 adds more romance to the place. My trip to West Lake last summer left an unforgettable impression on me. What surprised me most was meeting a group of elderly locals who 5 (devote) to protecting the lake’s ecosystem for over 20 years. They shared stories of how the lake’s water quality had improved greatly, thanks to years of consistent efforts. During the boat tour, I accidentally dropped my camera into the water and felt 6 (panic) for a moment. 7 (instant) a boatman realized what had happened, he jumped into the water and retrieved it for me, which made me realize the warmth of the local people. My tour guide explained that the 8 (expose) to such a harmonious environment helps people relax and reflect on life. As I walked along the Su Causeway at sunset, I felt a sense of peace that I had never experienced before. This trip not only let me appreciate the beauty of West Lake but also taught me 9 valuable lesson: preserving cultural and natural heritage is everyone’s responsibility. I will cherish the memories of this journey and hope I can revisit it someday and 10 more people can experience the charm of this magical place. 【答案】 1．acknowledged 2．What 3．influential 4．which 5．had been devoted 6．panicked 7．Instantly 8．exposure 9．a 10．that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了西湖的美景、文化底蕴，以及作者去年夏天游览西湖的难忘经历和感悟。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：西湖被公认为中国最珍贵的风景名胜之一，每年吸引着世界各地的众多游客。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词has attracted，且空处无连词，故此处应用非谓语动词；West Lake与acknowledge之间为被动关系，即西湖被公认为，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填acknowledged。 2．考查主语从句。句意：这个景点最打动游客的是它将自然之美与文化遗产独特地融合在一起。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指代“最打动游客的事物”，故用连接代词what引导该主语从句，注意句首首字母大写。故填What。 3．考查形容词。句意：它也因其具有影响力的传说而闻名，比如白素贞和许仙的故事，这为这个地方增添了更多浪漫色彩。空处修饰名词legends，应用形容词作定语；influence的形容词形式为influential，意为“有影响力的”，符合句意。故填influential。 4．考查定语从句。句意：它也因其具有影响力的传说而闻名，比如白素贞和许仙的故事，这为这个地方增添了更多浪漫色彩。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，且在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 5．考查动词时态和语态。句意：最让我惊讶的是遇到了一群当地老人，他们二十多年来一直致力于保护西湖的生态系统。be devoted to“致力于”是固定搭配，根据时间状语for over 20 years可知，此处应用完成时态；结合前文What surprised me most was可知，描述的是过去的经历，且“致力于保护”的动作从过去持续到过去某个时间点，应用过去完成时。故填had been devoted。 6．考查形容词。句意：在乘船游览时，我不小心把相机掉进了水里，一时间感到很慌乱。空处作系动词felt的表语，应用形容词；panic的形容词形式为panicked，意为“惊慌的、慌乱的”，修饰人，符合句意。故填panicked。 7．考查连词。句意：船夫一意识到发生了什么，就跳进水里帮我把相机捞了上来，这让我感受到了当地人的温暖。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，应用instantly。故填Instantly。 8．考查名词。句意：我的导游解释说，置身于这样和谐的环境中有助于人们放松并反思生活。空处作主语，应用名词；expose的名词形式为exposure，意为“暴露、置身于……环境中”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填exposure。 9．考查冠词。句意：这次旅行不仅让我领略了西湖的美景，还教会了我一个宝贵的道理：保护文化和自然遗产是每个人的责任。lesson为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，此处表示“一个宝贵的道理”，为泛指；且valuable是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．考查连词。句意：我会珍惜这次旅行的回忆，希望有一天能故地重游，也希望更多人能体验到这个神奇地方的魅力。分析句子结构可知，空处连接并列的谓语动词hope后的两个宾语从句（I can revisit it someday和more people can experience the charm...），第二个宾语从句句意完整，不缺成分，应用连词that引导。故填that。 题型二 阅读理解 （2526高二上·贵州毕节·期末）The blackbilled gull, a national secondclass protected animal in China, has distinctive appearance features: it has white feathers all over its body, a sharp black beak, and a pair of bright black eyes. It mainly lives in inland lakes and marshes in western China, where it feeds on small fish, shrimps and various aquatic (水生的) plants. However, in recent decades, due to severe water pollution caused by industrial discharge and wetland reclamation for agricultural and construction purposes, the living environment of the blackbilled gull has been severely damaged, leading to a sharp drop in its number. To save this endangered species from extinction, local authorities have taken a series of practical and effective measures. They have set up special protection zones around the main habitats of the blackbilled gulls, strictly banning all pollutioncausing activities and wetland reclamation within the zones. In addition, they have launched a series of publicity campaigns through local TV stations, newspapers and community posters to raise public awareness of protecting the blackbilled gulls. Many volunteers have also joined the protection team, regularly patrolling (巡逻) the habitats, recording the living habits and population changes of the gulls, and stopping any harmful behaviors that may affect their survival. Thanks to these unremitting efforts, the living environment of the blackbilled gulls has been significantly improved, and their number has risen steadily over the years. According to a 2024 survey report, the number of blackbilled gulls has reached over 8,500, which is a notable achievement for wildlife protection in China. Yet, there is still a long way to go. More efforts are needed to further maintain the quality of their habitats, reduce human impact and ensure the longterm survival of this precious species. 1．What led to the sharp drop in the number of blackbilled gulls? A．Extreme hot weather in summer. B．Serious noise pollution in their habitats. C．Water pollution and wetland reclamation. D．Shortage of small fish and aquatic plants. 2．The underlined word “reclamation” in Paragraph 1 probably means “______”. A．the process of cleaning polluted water B．the process of building houses near wetlands C．the process of turning wetlands into land for use D．the process of protecting wetlands from being harmed 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 2 about the protection of blackbilled gulls? A．Only local authorities are involved in the protection work. B．Volunteers focus only on recording the gulls’ living habits. C．Wetland reclamation is allowed to be done outside the protection zones. D．Public awareness of protecting blackbilled gulls may have been enhanced. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To introduce the living habits of blackbilled gulls. B．To warn people of the danger of water pollution. C．To call on people to protect all endangered animals. D．To show the protection efforts and effects for blackbilled gulls. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了黑嘴鸥的保护现状与成效。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, in recent decades, due to severe water pollution caused by industrial discharge and wetland reclamation for agricultural and construction purposes, the living environment of the blackbilled gull has been severely damaged, leading to a sharp drop in its number.(然而，近几十年来，由于工业排放造成的水污染严重，以及为了农业和建筑目的而进行的湿地开垦，黑嘴鸥的生存环境遭到严重破坏，导致其数量急剧下降)”可知，水污染和湿地开垦导致黑嘴鸥数量急剧下降。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“However, in recent decades, due to severe water pollution caused by industrial discharge and wetland reclamation for agricultural and construction purposes, the living environment of the blackbilled gull has been severely damaged, leading to a sharp drop in its number.(然而，近几十年来，由于工业排放造成的水污染严重，以及为了农业和建筑目的而进行的湿地reclamation，黑嘴鸥的生存环境遭到严重破坏，导致其数量急剧下降)”可知，该行为是为农业和建筑用途进行的，结合语境及选项，可推测是将湿地转化为可利用的土地，因此reclamation意为“开垦，改造”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In addition, they have launched a series of publicity campaigns through local TV stations, newspapers and community posters to raise public awareness of protecting the blackbilled gulls.(此外，他们还通过当地电视台、报纸和社区海报开展了一系列宣传活动，提高公众保护黑嘴鸥的意识)”可知，当地开展了宣传活动提升公众的保护意识，由此可知公众的黑嘴鸥保护意识可能得到了提高。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thanks to these unremitting efforts, the living environment of the blackbilled gulls has been significantly improved, and their number has risen steadily over the years.(由于这些不懈的努力，黑嘴鸥的生存环境得到了显著改善，数量多年来稳步上升)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了黑嘴鸥数量减少的原因、保护措施以及保护效果，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是展示对黑嘴鸥的保护努力和效果。故选D。 （2526高二上·河北唐山·期末）Along the Sussex coast, groups of people can sometimes be seen carefully examining seaweed, shells, and small creatures along the shore. While they may look like curious walkers, they are actually citizen scientists. Like children exploring rock pools, they observe nature closely — but unlike ordinary visitors, their findings are recorded as data. This information helps scientists understand the health of coastal ecosystems and can even influence environmental decisions. Citizen science projects exist across the country. Volunteers can count butterflies in their gardens, record birds, or track sea litter. Some projects even involve studying historical documents or helping NASA search space events. These activities allow people of all interests to take part in real research. Research shows that citizen science also improves personal health. A study by the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology found that in 2020, a period of high stress worldwide, 500 volunteers who completed short naturebased activities all showed improved health. Clinical psychologist (心理学家) Dr Kate Mason explains that working toward a shared goal creates a strong sense of belonging and purpose, which is especially important during stressful times. For organisations, volunteers make big research possible. Ella Garrud from the Sussex Wildlife Trust explains, “Without volunteers, we could never collect this amount of data.” The data they gathered then goes into a big national database, where it is checked by experts and used to guide real environmental actions. Citizen science also empowers individuals, who, like so many of us, might have been feeling helpless in the face of our ecological (生态的) crisis. Ruby Stothard from the Sussex Underwater team says, “It’s hard to feel you can make a difference, but you can. You can monitor nature first hand and record the recovery of nature in time and work with people who are trying to do the right thing.” 1．Why does the author mention children exploring rock pools? A．To compare them with adults. B．To show their love of the sea. C．To help understand citizen science. D．To explain the nature of observation. 2．What can be inferred from Dr Kate Mason’s comments? A．The volunteers are well trained. B．Stressful times are hard to face. C．Goals are important for the participants. D．Shared nature activities are mentally beneficial. 3．What is the main purpose of paragraph 4? A．To stress the role of volunteers. B．To describe the steps of data collection. C．To explain the use of a national database. D．To introduce the contributions of experts. 4．What does Ruby suggest the helpless people do? A．Study ecology. B．Face any crisis. C．Record personal progress. D．Get involved personally. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了公民科学(Citizen Science)的内涵、形式及其在环保、个人健康和赋能个体等方面的积极作用。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“While they may look like curious walkers, they are actually citizen scientists. Like children exploring rock pools, they observe nature closely — but unlike ordinary visitors, their findings are recorded as data. (他们看起来或许像好奇的漫步者，但实际上他们是公民科学家。就像探索岩石池的孩子一样，他们会近距离观察自然，但与普通游客不同的是，他们的发现会被记录为数据)”可知，作者提到探索岩石池的孩子，是为了帮助读者理解公民科学的内涵。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“A study by the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology found that in 2020, a period of high stress worldwide, 500 volunteers who completed short naturebased activities all showed improved health. Clinical psychologist (心理学家) Dr Kate Mason explains that working toward a shared goal creates a strong sense of belonging and purpose, which is especially important during stressful times. (英国生态与水文中心的一项研究发现，在2020年这个全球高压力时期，完成了短期自然相关活动的500名志愿者健康状况都有所改善。临床心理学家Kate Mason博士解释说，为共同目标努力会产生强烈的归属感和目标感，这在充满压力的时候尤为重要)”可知，共享的自然活动对人们的心理是有益的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“For organisations, volunteers make big research possible. Ella Garrud from the Sussex Wildlife Trust explains, “Without volunteers, we could never collect this amount of data.” (对机构而言，志愿者让大型研究成为可能。萨塞克斯野生动物信托的Ella Garrud解释说：“没有志愿者，我们永远无法收集到这么多数据”)”可知，第四段的主要目的是强调志愿者的作用。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ruby Stothard from the Sussex Underwater team says, “It’s hard to feel you can make a difference, but you can. You can monitor nature first hand and record the recovery of nature in time and work with people who are trying to do the right thing.” (萨塞克斯水下团队的Ruby Stothard说：“你觉得自己很难能有所作为，但其实你可以做到。你可以亲自监测自然，及时记录自然的恢复情况，并与那些努力做正确事情的人合作。”)”可知，Ruby建议感到无助的人亲自参与进来。故选D。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Environmental Protection 核心语法精练（直接引语与间接引语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、完成句子 3 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 14 一、概念 直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，加引号。 She said, “I like English.” 间接引语：转述别人的话，不加引号，变成宾语从句。 She said that she liked English. 二、变间接引语 四大变化 1. 人称变化（口诀：一主、二宾、三不变） 一随主：第一人称随主句主语变 二随宾：第二人称随主句宾语变 三不变：第三人称不变 例： Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说，“你向谁请了假？” →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。 2. 时态变化（主句是过去时，从句往后退一格） His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时) →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时) 直接引语 间接引语 句 子 时 态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 一般将来时 过去将来时 【注意】　 直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化的情况： (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时； (2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变； (3)主句的谓语时态为现在进行时态。 The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” → The teacher said the earth goes round the sun. 3. 时间/地点状语变化 指示 代词 this that these those 时间 状语 now then today that day tonight that night yesterday the day before tomorrow the next(following)day last month(week) the month(week)before next month(week) the next month(week) the day before yesterday two days before 地点 状语 here there 动词 come go bring take 4. 引导词变化 陈述句：用 that（可省） 一般疑问句：用 if / whether 特殊疑问句：用原来的疑问词（what/who/when…） 祈使句：变 tell/ask/order sb. to do 三、三大句型转换 1. 陈述句 He said, “I am busy.” → He said (that) he was busy. 2. 一般疑问句 She asked, “Do you like music?” → She asked if/whether I liked music. 3. 特殊疑问句 He asked, “Where are you from?” → He asked where I was from. 4. 祈使句 He said to me, “Open the door.” → He told me to open the door. 否定： He said, “Don’t run.” → He told me not to run. 一、直接引语变成间接引语 1．“We will visit Paris next week,” they told me. 2．“I finished the portrait yesterday,” she said. 3．“This piece was inspired by a dream I had,” the artist explained. 4．“I have always wanted to work with clay,” the sculptor told me. 5．“I think the composition is perfect as it is,” said the artist. 6．“You should never mix oil and watercolors,” the teacher warned. 7．He says, “I have accepted the manager’s suggestion.” 8．“Let’s work together to stop climate change,” the expert said. 9．Kevin asked, “When are you going to work, John?” 10．“Light travels faster than sound,” the teacher told us. 11．He said, “I saw the film yesterday.” → 12．The old man said, “I like to talk with these young men.”  →　 13．He said, “She will come here to have a long holiday.” → 14．“Why don’t you take a walk after supper?” he advised. 15．“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. 题型一 语法填空 （2526高二上·云南怒江·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s 1 (long) reef. It is over 2,300 km long and lies along the northeastern coast of Australia. The reef is made up of billions of corals. It is home to over 1,500 different 2 (various) of fish. The Great Barrier Reef we see today is less than 10,000 years old. About 10,000 years ago, at 3 end of the last Ice Age, the ice at the North and South Poles turned into water 4 flooded the land on Australia’s coast. The shallow water 5 (become) the perfect place for corals to grow. Over thousands of years, they joined together to create the Great Barrier Reef today. The Great Barrier Reef is facing many problems today. Pollution, overfishing and over tourism have caused damage 6 the reef. However, the bigger danger 7 (face) the Great Barrier Reef is global warming. The Great Barrier Reef 8 (lose) around half of its corals since 1995 and this number will continue to increase 9 we can’t slow or stop global warming. Here are some changes you can make in your own life to help: Be a green traveler. Plant trees. Encourage everyone you know 10 (make) a change. （2526高二上·吉林·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 West Lake, 1 (acknowledge) as one of China’s most precious scenic treasures, has attracted numerous visitors worldwide annually. 2 strikes visitors most about this scenic spot is its unique blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage. It is also famous for its 3 (influence) legends, such as the story of Bai Suzhen and Xu Xian, 4 adds more romance to the place. My trip to West Lake last summer left an unforgettable impression on me. What surprised me most was meeting a group of elderly locals who 5 (devote) to protecting the lake’s ecosystem for over 20 years. They shared stories of how the lake’s water quality had improved greatly, thanks to years of consistent efforts. During the boat tour, I accidentally dropped my camera into the water and felt 6 (panic) for a moment. 7 (instant) a boatman realized what had happened, he jumped into the water and retrieved it for me, which made me realize the warmth of the local people. My tour guide explained that the 8 (expose) to such a harmonious environment helps people relax and reflect on life. As I walked along the Su Causeway at sunset, I felt a sense of peace that I had never experienced before. This trip not only let me appreciate the beauty of West Lake but also taught me 9 valuable lesson: preserving cultural and natural heritage is everyone’s responsibility. I will cherish the memories of this journey and hope I can revisit it someday and 10 more people can experience the charm of this magical place. 题型二 阅读理解 （2526高二上·贵州毕节·期末）The blackbilled gull, a national secondclass protected animal in China, has distinctive appearance features: it has white feathers all over its body, a sharp black beak, and a pair of bright black eyes. It mainly lives in inland lakes and marshes in western China, where it feeds on small fish, shrimps and various aquatic (水生的) plants. However, in recent decades, due to severe water pollution caused by industrial discharge and wetland reclamation for agricultural and construction purposes, the living environment of the blackbilled gull has been severely damaged, leading to a sharp drop in its number. To save this endangered species from extinction, local authorities have taken a series of practical and effective measures. They have set up special protection zones around the main habitats of the blackbilled gulls, strictly banning all pollutioncausing activities and wetland reclamation within the zones. In addition, they have launched a series of publicity campaigns through local TV stations, newspapers and community posters to raise public awareness of protecting the blackbilled gulls. Many volunteers have also joined the protection team, regularly patrolling (巡逻) the habitats, recording the living habits and population changes of the gulls, and stopping any harmful behaviors that may affect their survival. Thanks to these unremitting efforts, the living environment of the blackbilled gulls has been significantly improved, and their number has risen steadily over the years. According to a 2024 survey report, the number of blackbilled gulls has reached over 8,500, which is a notable achievement for wildlife protection in China. Yet, there is still a long way to go. More efforts are needed to further maintain the quality of their habitats, reduce human impact and ensure the longterm survival of this precious species. 1．What led to the sharp drop in the number of blackbilled gulls? A．Extreme hot weather in summer. B．Serious noise pollution in their habitats. C．Water pollution and wetland reclamation. D．Shortage of small fish and aquatic plants. 2．The underlined word “reclamation” in Paragraph 1 probably means “______”. A．the process of cleaning polluted water B．the process of building houses near wetlands C．the process of turning wetlands into land for use D．the process of protecting wetlands from being harmed 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 2 about the protection of blackbilled gulls? A．Only local authorities are involved in the protection work. B．Volunteers focus only on recording the gulls’ living habits. C．Wetland reclamation is allowed to be done outside the protection zones. D．Public awareness of protecting blackbilled gulls may have been enhanced. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage? A．To introduce the living habits of blackbilled gulls. B．To warn people of the danger of water pollution. C．To call on people to protect all endangered animals. D．To show the protection efforts and effects for blackbilled gulls. （2526高二上·河北唐山·期末）Along the Sussex coast, groups of people can sometimes be seen carefully examining seaweed, shells, and small creatures along the shore. While they may look like curious walkers, they are actually citizen scientists. Like children exploring rock pools, they observe nature closely — but unlike ordinary visitors, their findings are recorded as data. This information helps scientists understand the health of coastal ecosystems and can even influence environmental decisions. Citizen science projects exist across the country. Volunteers can count butterflies in their gardens, record birds, or track sea litter. Some projects even involve studying historical documents or helping NASA search space events. These activities allow people of all interests to take part in real research. Research shows that citizen science also improves personal health. A study by the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology found that in 2020, a period of high stress worldwide, 500 volunteers who completed short naturebased activities all showed improved health. Clinical psychologist (心理学家) Dr Kate Mason explains that working toward a shared goal creates a strong sense of belonging and purpose, which is especially important during stressful times. For organisations, volunteers make big research possible. Ella Garrud from the Sussex Wildlife Trust explains, “Without volunteers, we could never collect this amount of data.” The data they gathered then goes into a big national database, where it is checked by experts and used to guide real environmental actions. Citizen science also empowers individuals, who, like so many of us, might have been feeling helpless in the face of our ecological (生态的) crisis. Ruby Stothard from the Sussex Underwater team says, “It’s hard to feel you can make a difference, but you can. You can monitor nature first hand and record the recovery of nature in time and work with people who are trying to do the right thing.” 1．Why does the author mention children exploring rock pools? A．To compare them with adults. B．To show their love of the sea. C．To help understand citizen science. D．To explain the nature of observation. 2．What can be inferred from Dr Kate Mason’s comments? A．The volunteers are well trained. B．Stressful times are hard to face. C．Goals are important for the participants. D．Shared nature activities are mentally beneficial. 3．What is the main purpose of paragraph 4? A．To stress the role of volunteers. B．To describe the steps of data collection. C．To explain the use of a national database. D．To introduce the contributions of experts. 4．What does Ruby suggest the helpless people do? A．Study ecology. B．Face any crisis. C．Record personal progress. D．Get involved personally. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $