Unit 2词汇讲义 2025-2026学年外研版英语七年级下册

七年级英语下册Unit2词汇讲义 一、单词分类（Word Classification） 1. 名词（Nouns） 单词 中文 复数形式 常见搭配 marathon 马拉松赛跑 ______ run a marathon / marathon race line 线 ______ finish line / straight line breath 呼出的气 ______ take a deep breath / hold your breath stomachache 胃痛 ______ have a stomachache choice 选择 ______ make a choice / have no choice record 记录 ______ break a record / set a record dream 梦想 ______ have a dream / dream come true surfer 冲浪者 ______ professional surfer shark 鲨鱼 ______ shark attack / shark fin surfing 冲浪运动 ______ go surfing / surfing competition surfboard 冲浪板 ______ ride a surfboard wave 浪潮 ______ catch a wave / wave surfing gold 金质 ______ gold medal / gold winner medal 奖牌 ______ win a gold medal / Olympic medal success 成功 ______ achieve success / great success final 决赛 ______ reach the final / World Cup final match 体育比赛 ______ football match / win a match attention 注意 ______ pay attention / draw attention fight 斗争 ______ fight for / put up a fight goal 进球；目标 ______ score a goal / achieve a goal victory 胜利 ______ win a victory / celebrate victory chance 机会 ______ have a chance / take a chance courage 勇气 ______ have courage / take courage spirit 精神 ______ team spirit / fighting spirit 2. 动词（Verbs） 单词 中文 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 固定搭配 cross 穿过 ______ ______ ______ cross the line / cross the road finish 完成 ______ ______ ______ finish work / finish first encourage 鼓励 ______ ______ ______ encourage sb. to do sink 下沉 ______ ______ ______ sink into / sink or swim attack 袭击 ______ ______ ______ attack on / be attacked by lose 失去 ______ ______ ______ lose a game / lose weight compare 比较 ______ ______ ______ compare to / compare with continue 继续 ______ ______ ______ continue to do / continue doing fight 斗争 ______ ______ ______ fight for / fight against score 得分 ______ ______ ______ score a goal / score points wonder 想知道 ______ ______ ______ wonder about / wonder if 3. 形容词（Adjectives） 单词 中文 副词形式 比较级 反义词 confident 自信的 ______ ______ insecure lifelong 终身的 —— —— temporary fit 健壮的 ______ ______ unfit final 最后的 ______ —— first 4. 代词（Pronouns） 单词 中文 用法 either （两者中的）任何一个 either of / either...or neither 两者都不 neither of / neither...nor none 全无 none of both 两者都 both of / both...and 5. 副词（Adverbs） 单词 中文 用法 last but not least ______ 用于列举的最后一项 6. 短语（写出中文） 短语 中文 last but not least ______ the finishing line ______ hold your breath ______ sink or swim ______ pay attention ______ thanks to ______ 二、重点单词用法与固定搭配（填空） 1. either / neither / both / none - either（两者中的任何一个）常与 ______ 连用：Either you or he is wrong. - neither（两者都不）常与 ______ 连用：Neither he nor I am right. - both（两者都）常与 ______ 连用：Both Tom and Jerry are cute. - none（三者或以上都不）常与 ______ 连用：None of them passed the exam. 2. hold your breath – ______ - 例句：Hold your breath and dive into the water. 3. sink or swim – ______ - 例句：In this competition, it's sink or swim. 4. pay attention (to) – ______ - 例句：Please pay attention to the teacher. 5. thanks to – ______（后接名词/代词） - 例句：Thanks to your help, we finished on time. 6. encourage sb. to do – ______ - 例句：My parents encourage me to try new things. 7. lose a game – ______ - 反义词：win a game 8. score a goal – ______ - 例句：He scored a goal in the final minute. 9. have a chance – ______ - 例句：I hope I have a chance to visit Beijing. 10. compare with / to – ______ - 例句：Compare your answers with your partner's. 11. continue to do / continue doing – ______ - 例句：He continued to work / working despite the rain. 12. fight for – ______ - 例句：They fought for freedom. 三、配套练习 练习一：根据句意及首字母提示写出单词 1. He ran a m__________ and finished in second place. 2. Take a deep b__________ and relax. 3. I have a s__________ because I ate too much. 4. You have to make a c__________ between the two. 5. She broke the world r__________ in swimming. 6. His d__________ is to become a famous singer. 7. Be careful! A shark might a__________ you. 8. Don't lose hope. Keep f__________ for your dream. 9. He s__________ a goal in the last minute. 10. Thanks to your help, we achieved v__________. 练习二：用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. He is very __________ (confidence) about his exam. 2. She __________ (courage) me to try again. 3. The ship __________ (sink) slowly into the sea. 4. They __________ (lose) the game yesterday. 5. Don't __________ (comparison) yourself with others. 6. The rain __________ (continue) for three days. 7. He is a __________ (success) businessman. 8. She won a gold __________ (medal) in the Olympics. 9. We need to pay more __________ (attentive) in class. 10. His __________ (courage) saved many lives. 练习三：用方框中的短语填空（注意适当形式） | hold your breath | sink or swim | pay attention to | thanks to | encourage...to | | cross the line | make a choice | break a record | score a goal | fight for | 1. Before diving, you need to __________ and jump. 2. In this company, it's __________; you either succeed or fail. 3. Please __________ the teacher when she speaks. 4. __________ your help, I passed the exam. 5. My parents __________ me __________ try new things. 6. He was the first to __________ in the race. 7. You have to __________ between the two options. 8. She __________ in the 100-meter race. 9. He __________ in the final minute of the game. 10. They __________ their rights and freedom. 练习四：单项选择 1. You need to make a ______ between the two jobs. A. choice B. choose C. chose D. chosen 2. ______ your help, we finished the work on time. A. Thanks B. Thank C. Thanks to D. Thank to 3. He ______ a goal in the last minute of the game. A. scored B. made C. did D. got 4. Don't ______ yourself with others. Just be yourself. A. compare B. comparison C. comparing D. compared 5. She is very ______ about her future. A. confidence B. confident C. confidently D. confidential 6. The rain ______ for three days without stopping. A. continued B. stopped C. finished D. ended 7. They ______ for their country during the war. A. fought B. fighted C. were fought D. have fought 8. ______ of the two answers is correct. Try again. A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None 9. ______ Tom and Jerry are my favorite cartoon characters. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None 10. ______ of the students passed the difficult exam. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None 练习五：翻译句子 1. 他第一个冲过了终点线。 ________________________________ 2. 下水前先屏住呼吸。 ________________________________ 3. 你必须做出选择。 ________________________________ 4. 多亏了你的帮助，我成功了。 ________________________________ 5. 父母鼓励我追求梦想。 ________________________________ 6. 他在最后一分钟进了一球。 ________________________________ 7. 不要拿自己和别人比较。 ________________________________ 8. 两队都没有赢得比赛。 ________________________________ 9. 他们两个都是我的好朋友。 ________________________________ 10. 最后但同样重要的是，我要感谢我的家人。 ________________________________ 【教师版】（含答案） 一、单词分类（Word Classification） 1. 名词（Nouns） 单词 中文 复数形式 常见搭配 marathon 马拉松赛跑 marathons run a marathon / marathon race line 线 lines finish line / straight line breath 呼出的气 breaths take a deep breath / hold your breath stomachache 胃痛 stomachaches have a stomachache choice 选择 choices make a choice / have no choice record 记录 records break a record / set a record dream 梦想 dreams have a dream / dream come true surfer 冲浪者 surfers professional surfer shark 鲨鱼 sharks shark attack / shark fin surfing 冲浪运动 —— go surfing / surfing competition surfboard 冲浪板 surfboards ride a surfboard wave 浪潮 waves catch a wave / wave surfing gold 金质 —— gold medal / gold winner medal 奖牌 medals win a gold medal / Olympic medal success 成功 successes achieve success / great success final 决赛 finals reach the final / World Cup final match 体育比赛 matches football match / win a match attention 注意 —— pay attention / draw attention fight 斗争 fights fight for / put up a fight goal 进球；目标 goals score a goal / achieve a goal victory 胜利 victories win a victory / celebrate victory chance 机会 chances have a chance / take a chance courage 勇气 —— have courage / take courage spirit 精神 spirits team spirit / fighting spirit 2. 动词（Verbs） 单词 中文 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 固定搭配 cross 穿过 crossed crossed crossing cross the line / cross the road finish 完成 finished finished finishing finish work / finish first encourage 鼓励 encouraged encouraged encouraging encourage sb. to do sink 下沉 sank sunk sinking sink into / sink or swim attack 袭击 attacked attacked attacking attack on / be attacked by lose 失去 lost lost losing lose a game / lose weight compare 比较 compared compared comparing compare to / compare with continue 继续 continued continued continuing continue to do / continue doing fight 斗争 fought fought fighting fight for / fight against score 得分 scored scored scoring score a goal / score points wonder 想知道 wondered wondered wondering wonder about / wonder if 3. 形容词（Adjectives） 单词 中文 副词形式 比较级 反义词 confident 自信的 confidently more confident insecure lifelong 终身的 —— —— temporary fit 健壮的 fitly fitter unfit final 最后的 finally —— first 4. 代词（Pronouns） 单词 中文 用法 either （两者中的）任何一个 either of / either...or neither 两者都不 neither of / neither...nor none 全无 none of both 两者都 both of / both...and 5. 副词（Adverbs） 单词 中文 用法 last but not least 最后但同样重要的 用于列举的最后一项 6. 短语（Phrases） 短语 中文 例句 last but not least 最后但同样重要的 Last but not least, I want to thank my family. the finishing line 终点线 He crossed the finishing line first. hold your breath 屏住呼吸 Hold your breath and count to ten. sink or swim 自生自灭 It's a sink or swim situation. pay attention 注意 Pay attention to the teacher. thanks to 多亏；幸亏 Thanks to your help, I succeeded. 二、重点单词用法与固定搭配 1. either / neither / both / none - either（两者中的任何一个）常与 or 连用：Either you or he is wrong. - neither（两者都不）常与 nor 连用：Neither he nor I am right. - both（两者都）常与 and 连用：Both Tom and Jerry are cute. - none（三者或以上都不）常与 of 连用：None of them passed the exam. 2. hold your breath – 屏住呼吸 - 例句：Hold your breath and dive into the water. 3. sink or swim – 自生自灭；成败靠自己 - 例句：In this competition, it's sink or swim. 4. pay attention (to) – 注意 - 例句：Please pay attention to the teacher. 5. thanks to – 多亏；由于（后接名词/代词） - 例句：Thanks to your help, we finished on time. 6. encourage sb. to do – 鼓励某人做某事 - 例句：My parents encourage me to try new things. 7. lose a game – 输掉比赛 - 反义词：win a game 8. score a goal – 进球 - 例句：He scored a goal in the final minute. 9. have a chance – 有机会 - 例句：I hope I have a chance to visit Beijing. 10. compare with / to – 比较 - 例句：Compare your answers with your partner's. 11. continue to do / continue doing – 继续做某事 - 例句：He continued to work / working despite the rain. 12. fight for – 为……而战 - 例句：They fought for freedom. 三、配套练习 练习一：根据句意及首字母提示写出单词 答案：1. marathon 2. breath 3. stomachache 4. choice 5. record 6. dream 7. attack 8. fighting 9. scored 10. victory 练习二：用所给单词的适当形式填空 答案：1. confident 2. encouraged 3. sank 4. lost 5. compare 6. continued 7. successful 8. medal 9. attention 10. courage 练习三：用方框中的短语填空（注意适当形式） 答案：1. hold your breath 2. sink or swim 3. pay attention to 4. Thanks to 5. encourage, to 6. cross the line 7. make a choice 8. broke a record 9. scored a goal 10. fought for 练习四：单项选择 答案：1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. D 练习五：翻译句子 答案： 1. He was the first to cross the finishing line. 2. Hold your breath before going into the water. 3. You have to make a choice. 4. Thanks to your help, I succeeded. 5. My parents encourage me to follow my dreams. 6. He scored a goal in the last minute. 7. Don't compare yourself with others. 8. Neither team won the game. 9. Both of them are my good friends. 10. Last but not least, I want to thank my family. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $