Unit 2 Rules around us 单元词汇精讲巧练 -六年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练（新教材沪教版五四制）

Unit2 Rules around us单元词汇讲与练 读单词识词义 一、单元核心词汇表（含词性、音标、中文释义） 单词（含词性音标） 中文释义 单词（含词性音标） 中文释义 1. rule /ruːl/ n./v. 规则；规章；统治 2. underground /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ n./adj. 地铁；地下的 3. lean /liːn/ v./adj. 倚靠；倾斜；倾斜的 4. litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ v./n. 乱扔；垃圾；废弃物 5. gap /ɡæp/ n. 缺口；间隙 6. else /els/ adv. 其他的；别的 7. escalator /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ n. 自动扶梯 8. station /ˈsteɪʃn/ n. 车站；（服务）台 9. announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ n. 公告；通告 10. passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客；旅客 11. lift /lɪft/ n./v. 电梯；升降机；举起 12. platform /ˈplætfɔːm/ n. 站台 13. line /laɪn/ n./v. 线；线条；排队 14. rush /rʌʃ/ v./n. 迅速移动；急促；匆忙 15. smoke /sməʊk/ v./n. 吸烟；抽烟；烟 16. seat /siːt/ n./v. 座位；使就座 17. anyone /ˈeniwʌn/ pron. 任何人 18. leave /liːv/ v./n. 留下；离开；假期 19. rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ n. 垃圾；废弃物 20. glove /ɡlʌv/ n. 手套 21. broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ adj. 破损的；伤残的 22. container /kənˈteɪnə(r)/ n. 容器 23. ready /ˈredi/ adj. 准备好；准备完毕 24. follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ v. 遵循；跟随 25. stay /steɪ/ v./n. 保持；继续是；停留 26. grow /ɡrəʊ/ v. 逐渐变得；生长；成为 27. important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj. 重要的；有重大影响的 28. hurrah /həˈrɑː/ excl. 万岁；好哇 29. model /ˈmɒdl/ n./v. 模型；模范；模仿 30. pay /peɪ/ v./n. 付出；付款；付款 31. attention /əˈtenʃn/ n. 注意；关注 32. dream /driːm/ n./v. 梦；梦想；做梦 33. outing /ˈaʊtɪŋ/ n. （集体）远足；出外游玩 34. gate /ɡeɪt/ n. 大门；出入口 35. sign /saɪn/ n./v. 标志；签名 36. explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ v. 解释 37. elevator /ˈelɪveɪtə(r)/ n. 电梯 38. safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全 39. interest /ˈɪntrəst/ n./v. 兴趣；利益；使感兴趣 40. photograph /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/ n. 照相；照片 41. science /ˈsaɪəns/ n. 科学 42. art /ɑːt/ n. 艺术 43. lab /læb/ (laboratory) n. 实验室 44. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验 45. order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ n./v. 命令；顺序；点单；命令 46. predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ v. 预测 47. reply /rɪˈplaɪ/ v./n. 回复 48. begin /bɪˈɡɪn/ v. 开始 49. complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v./adj. 完成；完整的 50. review /rɪˈvjuː/ v./n. 复习；评价 51. opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ n. 观点 52. recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ v. 推荐 53. behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现 54. form /fɔːm/ n./v. 形式；塑造；形成 55. negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 消极的 56. positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极的 57. title /ˈtaɪtl/ n. 标题 58. opening /ˈəʊpnɪŋ/ n. 开场；开头 59. body /ˈbɒdi/ n. 主体；身体 60. ending /ˈendɪŋ/ n. 结尾 61. organiser /ˈɔːɡənaɪzə(r)/ n. 组织者 62. organise /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ v. 组织 63. wave /weɪv/ n./v. 波浪；摇晃 64. surf /sɜːf/ v./n. 冲浪；激浪 65. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 危险的 66. stick /stɪk/ n./v. 木棒；贴；粘 67. polite /pəˈlaɪt/ adj. 礼貌的 68. facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设备；设施 69. accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/ v. 陪同 70. comment /ˈkɒment/ v./n. 评论 71. flyer /ˈflaɪə(r)/ n. 传单 72. meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ adj. 有意义的 73. meaningless /ˈmiːnɪŋləs/ adj. 无意义的 74. safe /seɪf/ adj. 安全的 75. save /seɪv/ v. 拯救；节省 76. safely /ˈseɪfli/ adv. 安全地 77. interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ adj. 感兴趣的 78. interesting /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ adj. 令人感兴趣的 79. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的 80. scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ n. 科学家 81. artist /ˈɑːtɪst/ n. 艺术家 82. artistic /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ adj. 艺术的 83. prediction /prɪˈdɪkʃn/ n. 预言 84. beginning /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/ n. 开始 85. importance /ɪmˈpɔːtns/ n. 重要性 86. unimportant /ˌʌnɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj. 不重要的 87. completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地 88. reviewer /rɪˈvjuːə(r)/ n. 评论家 89. recommendation /ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn/ n. 推荐物 90. behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n. 举止；行为 91. organisation /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 组织机构 92. surfer /ˈsɜːfə(r)/ n. 冲浪者 93. danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ n. 危险 94. sticker /ˈstɪkə(r)/ n. 贴纸 95. politely /pəˈlaɪtli/ adv. 礼貌地 96. impolite /ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/ adj. 不礼貌的 97. facilities /fəˈsɪlətiz/ n.(pl.) 设施；设备 98. signature /ˈsɪɡnətʃə(r)/ n. 签名 99. announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ n. 公告 100. announcer /əˈnaʊnsə(r)/ n. 播音员 核心词汇形转 原词 词性 转换形式 释义 / 用法 例句 / 搭配 rule n. 规则；v. 统治 ruler (n. 尺子；统治者)ruling (adj. 统治的；n. 裁决) 名词：尺子 / 统治者；形容词 / 名词：统治的 / 裁决 She uses a ruler to draw lines.The ruling party won the election. lean v. 倚靠；倾斜 leaner (n. 倚靠者；倾斜物)leaning (n. 倾向；爱好)leaned/leant (过去式 / 过去分词) 名词：倚靠者 / 倾向；不规则过去式 The leaner by the door is my friend.He leaned against the wall. litter v. 乱扔；n. 垃圾 litterer (n. 乱扔垃圾的人)littering (v. 乱扔垃圾 / 现在分词) 名词：乱扔垃圾的人；现在分词表动作 The litterer was fined by the police.Littering is not allowed in the park. gap n. 缺口；间隙 gapped (adj. 有缺口的)gapping (n. 缺口形成) 形容词：有缺口的；名词：缺口形成 She has a gapped tooth. The gapping in the wall needs fixing. else adv. 其他的 elsewhere (adv. 在别处) 副词：在其他地方 We can't find it here, so we look elsewhere. escalator n. 自动扶梯 escalate (v. 使升级；加剧)escalation (n. 升级) 动词：使升级；名词：升级 The argument escalated into a fight.The escalation of prices worries people. station n. 车站 stationary (adj. 静止的)stationery (n. 文具) 形容词：静止的；名词：文具 The car stayed stationary.I need to buy some stationery. announce v. 宣布 announcement (n. 公告)announcer (n. 播音员) 名词：公告 / 播音员 The school made an announcement. The announcer has a clear voice. passenger n. 乘客 pass (v. 通过；n. 通行证)passengerless (adj. 无乘客的) 动词 / 名词：通过 / 通行证；形容词：无乘客的 You need to pass the exam.The passengerless bus drove slowly. lift n. 电梯；v. 举起 lifter (n. 举起者；起重机)lifting (n. 举起) 名词：举起者 / 举起的动作 The lifter carried the heavy box.Lifting heavy things is dangerous. line n. 线；v. 排队 linear (adj. 线性的)liner (n. 邮轮；衬垫) 形容词：线性的；名词：邮轮 Maths has linear equations.The ocean liner sailed across the sea. rush v. 匆忙；n. 匆忙 rushed (adj. 匆忙的)rusher (n. 匆忙的人) 形容词：匆忙的；名词：匆忙的人 He gave a rushed answer.The rusher forgot his bag. smoke v. 吸烟；n. 烟 smoker (n. 吸烟者)smoky (adj. 多烟的) 名词：吸烟者；形容词：多烟的 The smoker quit smoking.The room is smoky. seat n. 座位；v. 使就座 seated (adj. 就座的)seatbelt (n. 安全带) 形容词：就座的；名词：安全带 All seated passengers fasten seatbelts.Wear your seatbelt in the car. leave v. 留下；离开 left (adj. 左边的；过去式 / 分词)leaver (n. 离开者；毕业生) 形容词 / 过去式；名词：毕业生 Turn left at the crossing.The school leaver found a job. rubbish n. 垃圾 rubbishy (adj. 垃圾似的；无价值的) 形容词：无价值的 This book is full of rubbishy stories. glove n. 手套 gloved (adj. 戴手套的)gloveless (adj. 无手套的) 形容词：戴手套的 / 无手套的 The gloved hand held a cup.His gloveless hands felt cold. break v. 打破 broken (adj. 破损的)breaker (n. 打破者；断路器) 形容词：破损的；名词：打破者 The broken cup needs repairing.He is a rule breaker. container n. 容器 contain (v. 包含；容纳)containment (n. 控制) 动词：包含；名词：控制 The box contains five apples.The containment of the fire was hard. ready adj. 准备好的 readily (adv. 乐意地；容易地)readiness (n. 准备就绪) 副词：乐意地；名词：准备就绪 She readily agreed to help.We checked the readiness of the plan. follow v. 遵循；跟随 follower (n. 追随者)following (adj. 接下来的) 名词：追随者；形容词：接下来的 He has many followers.In the following days, we will work hard. stay v. 保持；停留 staying (n. 停留 / 现在分词)stay-at-home (adj. 居家的) 名词 / 现在分词；形容词：居家的 Staying up late is bad for health.She is a stay-at-home mom. grow v. 生长；变得 growth (n. 生长；增长)grower (n. 种植者) 名词：生长 / 种植者 The growth of the tree is slow.Apple growers sell fruit at the market. important adj. 重要的 importance (n. 重要性)importantly (adv. 重要地) 名词：重要性；副词：重要地 We know the importance of study.Importantly, we must follow rules. model n. 模型；模范 modeler (n. 建模者)modeling (n. 建模；模特职业) 名词：建模者 / 建模 The modeler made a city model.Her modeling career started early. pay v. 付款；付出 payment (n. 支付；付款)payer (n. 付款人) 名词：支付 / 付款人 Make the payment before Friday.The payer checked the bill carefully. attention n. 注意 attend (v. 参加；注意)attentive (adj. 专心的) 动词：参加；形容词：专心的 He will attend the meeting.The attentive student took notes. dream n. 梦；梦想；v. 做梦 dreamer (n. 梦想家)dreamy (adj. 梦幻的) 名词：梦想家；形容词：梦幻的 The dreamer talks about his plans.She has a dreamy look in her eyes. gate n. 大门 gateway (n. 入口；途径)gated (adj. 有大门的) 名词：入口；形容词：有大门的 This is the gateway to the park.It's a gated community. sign n. 标志；v. 签名 signature (n. 签名) 名词：签名 Her signature is very beautiful. explain v. 解释 explanation (n. 解释) 名词：解释 He gave a clear explanation of the rule. mean v. 意味着 meaning (n. 意义)meaningful (adj. 有意义的)meaningless (adj. 无意义的) 名词：意义；形容词：有意义 / 无意义的 What's the meaning of this word?It's a meaningful trip./It's a meaningless talk. safety n. 安全 safe (adj. 安全的)save (v. 拯救；节省)safely (adv. 安全地) 形容词：安全的；动词：拯救；副词：安全地 It's safe here.He tried to save the cat.He arrived safely. interest n. 兴趣；v. 使感兴趣 interested (adj. 感兴趣的)interesting (adj. 令人感兴趣的) 形容词：人感到感兴趣 / 事物令人感兴趣 I'm interested in music.It's an interesting book. science n. 科学 scientific (adj. 科学的)scientist (n. 科学家) 形容词：科学的；名词：科学家 We did a scientific experiment.He wants to be a scientist. art n. 艺术 artist (n. 艺术家)artistic (adj. 艺术的) 名词：艺术家；形容词：艺术的 The artist painted a picture.She has an artistic talent. predict v. 预测 prediction (n. 预言) 名词：预言 His prediction came true. begin v. 开始 beginning (n. 开始)began/begun (过去式 / 过去分词) 名词：开始；不规则过去式 / 分词 At the beginning of the class, we sang a song.He began to study English last year. complete v. 完成；adj. 完整的 completely (adv. 完全地) 副词：完全地 I completely understand the rule. review v. 复习；评价 reviewer (n. 评论家) 名词：评论家 The reviewer praised the book. recommend v. 推荐 recommendation (n. 推荐物) 名词：推荐物 Can you give me a book recommendation? behave v. 表现 behavior (n. 举止；行为) 名词：行为 His good behavior is praised by the teacher. organise v. 组织 organiser (n. 组织者)organisation (n. 组织机构) 名词：组织者 / 组织机构 The organiser planned the party.It's a non-profit organisation. surf v. 冲浪 surfer (n. 冲浪者) 名词：冲浪者 The surfer rode the wave well. dangerous adj. 危险的 danger (n. 危险) 名词：危险 There is a danger of fire here. stick n. 木棒；v. 贴 sticker (n. 贴纸)stuck/stuck (过去式 / 过去分词) 名词：贴纸；不规则过去式 / 分词 I put a sticker on the notebook.He stuck the poster on the wall. polite adj. 礼貌的 politely (adv. 礼貌地)impolite (adj. 不礼貌的) 副词：礼貌地；反义词：不礼貌的 He spoke politely to the teacher.It's impolite to interrupt others. 核心词块/短语搭配/句型 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句 1 follow the rules 遵守规则 We must follow the rules in the library. 2 break the rules 违反规则 Don't break the rules at school. 3 make rules 制定规则 The teacher made new class rules. 4 by underground 乘地铁 I go to school by underground every day. 5 take the underground 坐地铁 Let's take the underground to the Science Museum. 6 underground station 地铁站 The new underground station is near my home. 7 lean against 倚靠在…… 上 Don't lean against the escalator—it's dangerous. 8 lean forward 向前倾 She leaned forward to hear the announcement clearly. 9 lean on 依赖；依靠 Don't lean on others; do it by yourself. 10 litter around 乱扔垃圾 No one is allowed to litter around in the park. 11 drop litter 扔垃圾 Please don't drop litter on the ground. 12 pick up litter/rubbish 捡垃圾 We should pick up litter to keep the city clean. 13 the gap between...and... …… 和…… 之间的间隙 Mind the gap between the platform and the train. 14 generation gap 代沟 There is a small generation gap between my parents and me. 15 fill the gap 填补缺口 We need to fill the gap in the fence. 16 what else 其他什么 What else do you need for the outing? 17 who else 还有谁 Who else will go to the park with us? 18 where else 其他地方 Where else can we find this sign? 19 on the escalator 在自动扶梯上 Stand on the right on the escalator. 20 take the escalator 乘自动扶梯 Take the escalator to the second floor. 21 up/down escalator 上行 / 下行自动扶梯 The up escalator is over there. 22 bus/train station 公交 / 火车站 We met at the bus station this morning. 23 information/ticket station 咨询 / 售票台 The ticket station is on the left of the hall. 24 make an announcement 发布公告 The station made an announcement about the delayed train. 25 listen to the announcement 听公告 Please listen to the announcement carefully. 26 announcements for passengers 乘客公告 We can hear announcements for passengers in the station. 27 help elderly passengers 帮助老年乘客 He helped an elderly passenger carry the bag. 28 passenger safety 乘客安全 Passenger safety is the most important thing. 29 take the lift/elevator 坐电梯 Take the lift to the fifth floor. 30 in the lift 在电梯里 There are many people in the lift. 31 lift door 电梯门 Wait for the lift door to open slowly. 32 on the platform 在站台上 Please wait for the train on platform 3. 33 train/subway platform 火车 / 地铁站台 The subway platform is very crowded in the morning. 34 platform number 站台编号 What's the platform number for the train to Beijing? 35 a straight line 一条直线 Draw a straight line between the two points. 36 wait in line 排队等待 We must wait in line to buy tickets. 37 stand in a line 站成一排 The students stand in a line for the morning exercise. 38 a line of... 一排…… There is a line of trees by the road. 39 rush to do sth 匆忙做某事 Don't rush to get on the train—wait until it stops. 40 in a rush 匆忙地 He left home in a rush and forgot his schoolbag. 41 rush out of... 从…… 冲出去 She rushed out of the station to catch the bus. 42 no smoking 禁止吸烟 There is a "No smoking" sign in the lab. 43 smoke in public 在公共场合吸烟 It's impolite to smoke in public places. 44 take a seat 就座；坐下 Please take a seat and wait for your turn. 45 empty seat 空座位 Is there any empty seat on the bus? 46 give one's seat to sb 把座位让给某人 She gave her seat to an old man on the underground. 47 leave sth behind 留下 / 遗忘某物 Don't leave your books behind at school. 48 leave for sp 出发去某地 He leaves for Shanghai tomorrow morning. 49 throw rubbish/litter into... 把垃圾扔进…… Please throw rubbish into the rubbish bin. 50 rubbish bin/container 垃圾桶 There is a rubbish bin at the corner of the street. 51 a pair of gloves 一副手套 My mom bought me a new pair of gloves for winter. 52 wear safety gloves 戴安全手套 You must wear safety gloves in the lab. 53 broken glass/container 碎玻璃 / 破损的容器 Throw broken glass into the special container. 54 rubbish/food container 垃圾 / 食品容器 Put the fruit in a food container. 55 be ready to do sth 准备好做某事 Are you ready to start the game? 56 be ready for sth 为某事做准备 We are ready for the school outing. 57 get ready to do sth 准备做某事 Get ready to go to school—it's 7 o'clock. 58 follow sb 跟随某人 Follow me, and I'll show you the way to the lab. 59 follow the instructions 按照指示 Please follow the instructions on the bottle. 60 stay quiet 保持安静 Stay quiet in the library, please. 61 stay safe/healthy 保持安全 / 健康 We should stay healthy by exercising every day. 62 stay up late 熬夜 Don't stay up late before the exam. 63 stay in/at sp 待在某地 Stay at home when it rains heavily. 64 grow up 长大 I want to be a doctor when I grow up. 65 grow into... 成长为…… The little boy will grow into a kind man. 66 grow + adj. 逐渐变得…… The room grew quiet after the teacher came in. 67 It's important to do sth 做某事很重要 It's important to pay attention to safety. 68 be important for sb/sth 对某人 / 某物重要 English is important for our study. 69 the importance of... …… 的重要性 We all know the importance of following rules. 70 take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 We take turns to clean the classroom every day. 71 take turns in sth 在某事上轮流 They take turns in the group work. 72 have a turn 玩一把；轮一次 Can I have a turn to play the game? 73 a model student/plane 模范学生 / 飞机模型 She is a model student in our class.He made a model plane by himself. 74 pay attention to sb/sth 注意某人 / 某事 Pay attention to the teacher in class. 75 draw one's attention 引起某人的注意 The colorful sign drew my attention. 76 pay for sth 为某物付款 I pay 20 yuan for this book. 77 have a dream 有一个梦想；做梦 I have a dream to travel around the world.I had a sweet dream last night. 78 dream of doing sth 梦想做某事 She dreams of becoming a singer in the future. 79 go on an outing 去远足 We will go on an outing to the park this weekend. 80 school/family outing 学校 / 家庭远足 We took many photos during the school outing. 81 at the gate (of...) 在（…… 的）大门口 Meet me at the school gate at 8 o'clock. 82 station/park gate 车站 / 公园大门 The park gate is open at 6 a.m. 83 underground gate 地铁闸机门 The underground gate opened when I swiped the card. 84 point out 指出 The teacher pointed out my mistake in the homework. 85 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 Share your toys with your little sister. 86 be interested in sth/doing sth 对某事 / 做某事感兴趣 I'm interested in reading storybooks. 87 do some experiments 做一些实验 We do some experiments in the science lab. 88 keep safe 保持安全 Follow the rules to keep safe in the station. 89 No food or drinks 禁止饮食 There is a "No food or drinks" sign in the library. 90 look at a display board 看展示板 We look at a display board in the clubroom. 91 wear open-toed shoes 穿露趾鞋 Don't wear open-toed shoes in the lab. 92 add A to B 把 A 加进 B Add some sugar to the coffee. 93 at all time 无时无刻 We must keep quiet at all time in the museum. 94 a surfing area 冲浪区 Don't swim in the surfing area—it's dangerous. 95 in my opinion 在我看来 In my opinion, following rules is very important. 96 my opinion of... 我对…… 的观点 Tell me your opinion of this story. 97 Dos and Don'ts 能做的事和禁止做的事 We must remember the Dos and Don'ts in the lab. 98 mind the gap 注意间隙 Mind the gap when getting off the underground. 99 No leaning 禁止倚靠 The sign "No leaning" is on the escalator. 100 No littering 禁止乱扔垃圾 No littering in the public places. 101 What's the meaning of...? …… 是什么意思？ What's the meaning of this sign? 102 What does...mean? …… 是什么意思？ What does this word mean? 103 Why do we need...? 我们为什么需要……？ Why do we need rules in our life? 104 What else should we do? 我们还应该做什么？ What else should we follow in the library? 重点词汇精讲 1. rule /ruːl/n. 规则；规章；v. 统治 例句：We must follow the school rules at all time.（我们必须时刻遵守校规。）拓展：常用搭配 make rules（制定规则）、break rules（违反规则），派生词 ruler（尺子；统治者）。 2. underground /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/n. 地铁；adj. 地下的 例句：I take the underground to work every morning.（我每天早上坐地铁上班。）拓展：同义词 subway（美式），搭配 underground station（地铁站）、by underground（乘地铁）。 3. lean /liːn/v. 倚靠；倾斜 例句：Don't lean against the wall—it's wet.（别靠在墙上，墙是湿的。）变形：过去式 / 过去分词 leaned/leant，常用搭配 lean against（倚靠）、lean forward（前倾）。 4. litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/v. 乱扔；n. 垃圾 例句：It's against the rules to litter in the park.（在公园乱扔垃圾违反规则。） 拓展：不可数名词，搭配 pick up litter（捡垃圾），派生词 litterer（乱扔垃圾的人）。 5. gap /ɡæp/n. 缺口；间隙 例句：Be careful of the gap between the platform and the train.（小心站台和列车之间的间隙。）拓展：搭配 mind the gap（注意间隙）、generation gap（代沟）。 6. else /els/adv. 其他的；别的 例句：What else do you want to buy?（你还想买点别的什么？） 用法：置于不定代词 / 疑问词后，如 someone else、where else，派生词 elsewhere（在别处）。 7. follow /ˈfɒləʊ/v. 遵循；跟随 例句：Everyone must follow the traffic rules.（每个人都必须遵守交通规则。） 搭配：follow sb（跟随某人）、follow the instructions（按照指示），派生词 follower（追随者）。 8. important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/adj. 重要的 例句：It's important to pay attention to safety.（注意安全很重要。） 变形：名词 importance（重要性），副词 importantly（重要地），搭配 be important for（对…… 重要）。 9. pay attention to 注意…… 例句：Please pay attention to the announcement in the station.（请注意车站里的公告。）用法：to 为介词，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，如 pay attention to reading（注意阅读）。 10. take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 例句：We take turns to clean the blackboard.（我们轮流擦黑板。） 拓展：同义表达 take turns in doing sth，如 They take turns in watering the flowers. 11. leave /liːv/v. 留下；离开 例句：Someone left a bag on the platform.（有人把包落在了站台上。） 变形：不规则动词，过去式 / 过去分词 left，搭配 leave for（出发去）、leave sth behind（遗忘某物）。 12. safe /seɪf/adj. 安全的；n. safety 安全 例句：It's safe to walk on the street in the daytime.（白天在街上走路是安全的。） 搭配：stay safe（保持安全），副词 safely（安全地），动词 save（拯救；节省）。 13. polite /pəˈlaɪt/adj. 礼貌的 例句：It's polite to give your seat to the elderly.（给老人让座是礼貌的。） 变形：副词 politely（礼貌地），反义词 impolite（不礼貌的），搭配 speak politely（礼貌地说话）。 14. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/adj. 危险的 例句：It's dangerous to rush on the platform.（在站台上奔跑很危险。） 变形：名词 danger（危险），搭配 in danger（处于危险中）。 15. be ready to do sth 准备好做某事 例句：We are ready to go on the school outing.（我们准备好参加学校远足了。） 拓展：同义搭配 get ready to do sth，be ready for sth（为某事做准备）。 词汇巩固训练 （一）根据汉语释义，写出英文单词、音标及词性（基础默写） 要求：完整写出单词、国际音标和词性，每空 1 分，共 10 分 1. 规则；规章 _______________ 2. 地铁 _______________ 3. 倚靠；倾斜 _______________ 4. 乘客；旅客 _______________ 5. 安全 _______________ 6. 注意；关注 _______________ 7. 遵循；跟随 _______________ 8. 礼貌的 _______________ 9. 危险的 _______________ 10. 轮流；依次 _______________ （二）单项选择题（词义辨析 + 固定搭配） 要求：从 A、B、C、D 中选出最佳答案，将序号填在括号内，每小题 1 分，共 10 分 1. We must ________ the rules when we are in the lab. ( )A. follow B. break C. make D. rush 2. Be careful of the ________ between the platform and the underground. ( )A. line B. gap C. seat D. gate 3. Don't ________ against the escalator. It's a dangerous action. ( )A. lean B. litter C. smoke D. sit 4. Please ________ attention to the teacher in class. ( )A. have B. take C. pay D. make 5. We ________ turns to clean our classroom every day. ( )A. take B. make C. do D. go 6. It's ________ to smoke in the public places. ( )A. polite B. impolite C. safe D. important 7. She ________ her seat to an old man on the bus yesterday. ( )A. gave B. took C. left D. rushed 8. ________ else can you find the sign "No littering"? ( )A. What B. Who C. Where D. When 9. The little boy is ________ to go to school by himself. ( )A. ready B. important C. dangerous D. polite 10. It's ________ to follow the traffic rules when crossing the road. ( )A. meaningless B. important C. rubbishy D. gapped （三）用所给单词的适当形式填空（词性转换专项） 要求：根据句意变换单词形式，每空 1 分，共 10 分 1. It's ________ (importance) to keep safe in the station. 2. He spoke ________ (polite) to the old lady on the street. 3. Don't touch the ________ (break) glass—it may hurt you. 4. We should pay attention to ________ (safe) when going out. 5. The ________ (announce) told us the train was delayed. 6. She is ________ (interest) in playing the piano. 7. It's ________ (danger) to swim in the river alone. 8. The ________ (rule) of the game are very simple. 9. He left home in a ________ (rush) and forgot his keys. 10. The ________ (art) painted a beautiful picture of the park. （四）英汉互译（单词 + 短语 + 短句） 要求：精准翻译，每空 1 分，共 10 分 1. 禁止吸烟 _______________ 2. 注意间隙 _______________ 3. 轮流做某事 _______________ 4. 保持安静 _______________ 5. 为…… 付款 _______________ 6. follow the rules _______________ 7. give one's seat to sb _______________ 8. be ready to do sth _______________ 9. in my opinion _______________ 10. No leaning _______________ （五）语境选词填空（从词库选词，可变形） 要求：每词限用一次，必要时变换形式，每空 1 分，共 10 分 词库：rule, underground, passenger, safe, follow, polite, rush, important, litter, attention 1. We take the ________ to the city centre every weekend. 2. All ________ must show their tickets before getting on the train. 3. It's very ________ to follow the traffic rules on the road. 4. Please pay more ________ to the announcement in the station. 5. Don't ________ on the platform—it's easy to fall down. 6. Everyone must ________ the school rules at school. 7. It's ________ to give your seat to the elderly on the bus. 8. We must keep ________ when we are in the crowded place. 9. Don't ________ in the park—put the rubbish into the bin. 10. The first ________ of the game is "No talking during the match". 背默清单 （一）核心名词（30 个） 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 /ruːl/ 规则；规章 /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ 地铁 /ɡæp/ 缺口；间隙 /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ 自动扶梯 /ˈsteɪʃn/ 车站；服务台 /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ 公告；通告 /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ 乘客；旅客 /lɪft/ 电梯；升降机 /ˈplætfɔːm/ 站台 /laɪn/ 线；线条 /sməʊk/ 烟 /siːt/ 座位 /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ 垃圾；废弃物 /ɡlʌv/ 手套 /kənˈteɪnə(r)/ 容器 /əˈtenʃn/ 注意；关注 /driːm/ 梦；梦想 /ˈaʊtɪŋ/ 远足；出外游玩 /ɡeɪt/ 大门；出入口 /saɪn/ 标志；签名 /ˈseɪfti/ 安全 /ˈsaɪəns/ 科学 /ɑːt/ 艺术 /læb/ 实验室 /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ 实验 /ˈɔːdə(r)/ 命令；顺序 /əˈpɪnjən/ 观点 /ˈmɒdl/ 模型；模范 /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 危险 /fəˈsɪləti/ 设备；设施 （二）核心动词（30 个） 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 /liːn/ 倚靠；倾斜 /ˈlɪtə(r)/ 乱扔 /rʌbɪʃ/ 迅速移动；急促 /sməʊk/ 吸烟；抽烟 /liːv/ 留下；离开 /ˈfɒləʊ/ 遵循；跟随 /steɪ/ 保持；停留 /ɡrəʊ/ 生长；变得 /peɪ/ 付款；付出 /driːm/ 做梦；梦想 /saɪn/ 签名 /ɪkˈspleɪn/ 解释 /ˈɪntrəst/ 使感兴趣 /prɪˈdɪkt/ 预测 /rɪˈplaɪ/ 回复 /bɪˈɡɪn/ 开始 /kəmˈpliːt/ 完成 /rɪˈvjuː/ 复习；评价 /ˌrekəˈmend/ 推荐 /bɪˈheɪv/ 表现 /fɔːm/ 塑造；形成 /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ 组织 /weɪv/ 摇晃；挥动 /sɜːf/ 冲浪 /stɪk/ 贴；粘 /əˈkʌmpəni/ 陪同 /ˈkɒment/ 评论 /drɒp/ 扔下；掉落 /maɪnd/ 注意；介意 /ɡɪv/ 给予；让 （三）核心形容词（25 个） 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ 地下的 /ˈbrəʊkən/ 破损的；伤残的 /ˈredi/ 准备好的 /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ 重要的 /seɪf/ 安全的 /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ 危险的 /pəˈlaɪt/ 礼貌的 /ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/ 不礼貌的 /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ 感兴趣的 /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ 令人感兴趣的 /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ 科学的 /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ 艺术的 /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ 有意义的 /ˈmiːnɪŋləs/ 无意义的 /rʌʃt/ 匆忙的 /ˈsməʊki/ 多烟的 /ˈsiːtɪd/ 就座的 /ˈrʌbɪʃi/ 无价值的 /ɡæpt/ 有缺口的 /ˈsteɪʃənri/ 静止的 /ˈfɒləʊɪŋ/ 接下来的 /əˈtentɪv/ 专心的 /ˈdriːmi/ 梦幻的 /ˈɡeɪtɪd/ 有大门的 /ˈpɒzətɪv/ 积极的 /ˈneɡətɪv/ 消极的 第 1 页 共 19 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit2 Rules around us单元词汇讲与练 读单词识词义 一、单元核心词汇表（含词性、音标、中文释义） 单词（含词性音标） 中文释义 单词（含词性音标） 中文释义 1. rule /ruːl/ n./v. 规则；规章；统治 2. underground /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ n./adj. 地铁；地下的 3. lean /liːn/ v./adj. 倚靠；倾斜；倾斜的 4. litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ v./n. 乱扔；垃圾；废弃物 5. gap /ɡæp/ n. 缺口；间隙 6. else /els/ adv. 其他的；别的 7. escalator /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ n. 自动扶梯 8. station /ˈsteɪʃn/ n. 车站；（服务）台 9. announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ n. 公告；通告 10. passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客；旅客 11. lift /lɪft/ n./v. 电梯；升降机；举起 12. platform /ˈplætfɔːm/ n. 站台 13. line /laɪn/ n./v. 线；线条；排队 14. rush /rʌʃ/ v./n. 迅速移动；急促；匆忙 15. smoke /sməʊk/ v./n. 吸烟；抽烟；烟 16. seat /siːt/ n./v. 座位；使就座 17. anyone /ˈeniwʌn/ pron. 任何人 18. leave /liːv/ v./n. 留下；离开；假期 19. rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ n. 垃圾；废弃物 20. glove /ɡlʌv/ n. 手套 21. broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ adj. 破损的；伤残的 22. container /kənˈteɪnə(r)/ n. 容器 23. ready /ˈredi/ adj. 准备好；准备完毕 24. follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ v. 遵循；跟随 25. stay /steɪ/ v./n. 保持；继续是；停留 26. grow /ɡrəʊ/ v. 逐渐变得；生长；成为 27. important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj. 重要的；有重大影响的 28. hurrah /həˈrɑː/ excl. 万岁；好哇 29. model /ˈmɒdl/ n./v. 模型；模范；模仿 30. pay /peɪ/ v./n. 付出；付款；付款 31. attention /əˈtenʃn/ n. 注意；关注 32. dream /driːm/ n./v. 梦；梦想；做梦 33. outing /ˈaʊtɪŋ/ n. （集体）远足；出外游玩 34. gate /ɡeɪt/ n. 大门；出入口 35. sign /saɪn/ n./v. 标志；签名 36. explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ v. 解释 37. elevator /ˈelɪveɪtə(r)/ n. 电梯 38. safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全 39. interest /ˈɪntrəst/ n./v. 兴趣；利益；使感兴趣 40. photograph /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/ n. 照相；照片 41. science /ˈsaɪəns/ n. 科学 42. art /ɑːt/ n. 艺术 43. lab /læb/ (laboratory) n. 实验室 44. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验 45. order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ n./v. 命令；顺序；点单；命令 46. predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ v. 预测 47. reply /rɪˈplaɪ/ v./n. 回复 48. begin /bɪˈɡɪn/ v. 开始 49. complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v./adj. 完成；完整的 50. review /rɪˈvjuː/ v./n. 复习；评价 51. opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ n. 观点 52. recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ v. 推荐 53. behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现 54. form /fɔːm/ n./v. 形式；塑造；形成 55. negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 消极的 56. positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极的 57. title /ˈtaɪtl/ n. 标题 58. opening /ˈəʊpnɪŋ/ n. 开场；开头 59. body /ˈbɒdi/ n. 主体；身体 60. ending /ˈendɪŋ/ n. 结尾 61. organiser /ˈɔːɡənaɪzə(r)/ n. 组织者 62. organise /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ v. 组织 63. wave /weɪv/ n./v. 波浪；摇晃 64. surf /sɜːf/ v./n. 冲浪；激浪 65. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 危险的 66. stick /stɪk/ n./v. 木棒；贴；粘 67. polite /pəˈlaɪt/ adj. 礼貌的 68. facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设备；设施 69. accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/ v. 陪同 70. comment /ˈkɒment/ v./n. 评论 71. flyer /ˈflaɪə(r)/ n. 传单 72. meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ adj. 有意义的 73. meaningless /ˈmiːnɪŋləs/ adj. 无意义的 74. safe /seɪf/ adj. 安全的 75. save /seɪv/ v. 拯救；节省 76. safely /ˈseɪfli/ adv. 安全地 77. interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ adj. 感兴趣的 78. interesting /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ adj. 令人感兴趣的 79. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的 80. scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ n. 科学家 81. artist /ˈɑːtɪst/ n. 艺术家 82. artistic /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ adj. 艺术的 83. prediction /prɪˈdɪkʃn/ n. 预言 84. beginning /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/ n. 开始 85. importance /ɪmˈpɔːtns/ n. 重要性 86. unimportant /ˌʌnɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj. 不重要的 87. completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地 88. reviewer /rɪˈvjuːə(r)/ n. 评论家 89. recommendation /ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn/ n. 推荐物 90. behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n. 举止；行为 91. organisation /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 组织机构 92. surfer /ˈsɜːfə(r)/ n. 冲浪者 93. danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ n. 危险 94. sticker /ˈstɪkə(r)/ n. 贴纸 95. politely /pəˈlaɪtli/ adv. 礼貌地 96. impolite /ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/ adj. 不礼貌的 97. facilities /fəˈsɪlətiz/ n.(pl.) 设施；设备 98. signature /ˈsɪɡnətʃə(r)/ n. 签名 99. announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ n. 公告 100. announcer /əˈnaʊnsə(r)/ n. 播音员 核心词汇形转 原词 词性 转换形式 释义 / 用法 例句 / 搭配 rule n. 规则；v. 统治 ruler (n. 尺子；统治者)ruling (adj. 统治的；n. 裁决) 名词：尺子 / 统治者；形容词 / 名词：统治的 / 裁决 She uses a ruler to draw lines.The ruling party won the election. lean v. 倚靠；倾斜 leaner (n. 倚靠者；倾斜物)leaning (n. 倾向；爱好)leaned/leant (过去式 / 过去分词) 名词：倚靠者 / 倾向；不规则过去式 The leaner by the door is my friend.He leaned against the wall. litter v. 乱扔；n. 垃圾 litterer (n. 乱扔垃圾的人)littering (v. 乱扔垃圾 / 现在分词) 名词：乱扔垃圾的人；现在分词表动作 The litterer was fined by the police.Littering is not allowed in the park. gap n. 缺口；间隙 gapped (adj. 有缺口的)gapping (n. 缺口形成) 形容词：有缺口的；名词：缺口形成 She has a gapped tooth. The gapping in the wall needs fixing. else adv. 其他的 elsewhere (adv. 在别处) 副词：在其他地方 We can't find it here, so we look elsewhere. escalator n. 自动扶梯 escalate (v. 使升级；加剧)escalation (n. 升级) 动词：使升级；名词：升级 The argument escalated into a fight.The escalation of prices worries people. station n. 车站 stationary (adj. 静止的)stationery (n. 文具) 形容词：静止的；名词：文具 The car stayed stationary.I need to buy some stationery. announce v. 宣布 announcement (n. 公告)announcer (n. 播音员) 名词：公告 / 播音员 The school made an announcement. The announcer has a clear voice. passenger n. 乘客 pass (v. 通过；n. 通行证)passengerless (adj. 无乘客的) 动词 / 名词：通过 / 通行证；形容词：无乘客的 You need to pass the exam.The passengerless bus drove slowly. lift n. 电梯；v. 举起 lifter (n. 举起者；起重机)lifting (n. 举起) 名词：举起者 / 举起的动作 The lifter carried the heavy box.Lifting heavy things is dangerous. line n. 线；v. 排队 linear (adj. 线性的)liner (n. 邮轮；衬垫) 形容词：线性的；名词：邮轮 Maths has linear equations.The ocean liner sailed across the sea. rush v. 匆忙；n. 匆忙 rushed (adj. 匆忙的)rusher (n. 匆忙的人) 形容词：匆忙的；名词：匆忙的人 He gave a rushed answer.The rusher forgot his bag. smoke v. 吸烟；n. 烟 smoker (n. 吸烟者)smoky (adj. 多烟的) 名词：吸烟者；形容词：多烟的 The smoker quit smoking.The room is smoky. seat n. 座位；v. 使就座 seated (adj. 就座的)seatbelt (n. 安全带) 形容词：就座的；名词：安全带 All seated passengers fasten seatbelts.Wear your seatbelt in the car. leave v. 留下；离开 left (adj. 左边的；过去式 / 分词)leaver (n. 离开者；毕业生) 形容词 / 过去式；名词：毕业生 Turn left at the crossing.The school leaver found a job. rubbish n. 垃圾 rubbishy (adj. 垃圾似的；无价值的) 形容词：无价值的 This book is full of rubbishy stories. glove n. 手套 gloved (adj. 戴手套的)gloveless (adj. 无手套的) 形容词：戴手套的 / 无手套的 The gloved hand held a cup.His gloveless hands felt cold. break v. 打破 broken (adj. 破损的)breaker (n. 打破者；断路器) 形容词：破损的；名词：打破者 The broken cup needs repairing.He is a rule breaker. container n. 容器 contain (v. 包含；容纳)containment (n. 控制) 动词：包含；名词：控制 The box contains five apples.The containment of the fire was hard. ready adj. 准备好的 readily (adv. 乐意地；容易地)readiness (n. 准备就绪) 副词：乐意地；名词：准备就绪 She readily agreed to help.We checked the readiness of the plan. follow v. 遵循；跟随 follower (n. 追随者)following (adj. 接下来的) 名词：追随者；形容词：接下来的 He has many followers.In the following days, we will work hard. stay v. 保持；停留 staying (n. 停留 / 现在分词)stay-at-home (adj. 居家的) 名词 / 现在分词；形容词：居家的 Staying up late is bad for health.She is a stay-at-home mom. grow v. 生长；变得 growth (n. 生长；增长)grower (n. 种植者) 名词：生长 / 种植者 The growth of the tree is slow.Apple growers sell fruit at the market. important adj. 重要的 importance (n. 重要性)importantly (adv. 重要地) 名词：重要性；副词：重要地 We know the importance of study.Importantly, we must follow rules. model n. 模型；模范 modeler (n. 建模者)modeling (n. 建模；模特职业) 名词：建模者 / 建模 The modeler made a city model.Her modeling career started early. pay v. 付款；付出 payment (n. 支付；付款)payer (n. 付款人) 名词：支付 / 付款人 Make the payment before Friday.The payer checked the bill carefully. attention n. 注意 attend (v. 参加；注意)attentive (adj. 专心的) 动词：参加；形容词：专心的 He will attend the meeting.The attentive student took notes. dream n. 梦；梦想；v. 做梦 dreamer (n. 梦想家)dreamy (adj. 梦幻的) 名词：梦想家；形容词：梦幻的 The dreamer talks about his plans.She has a dreamy look in her eyes. gate n. 大门 gateway (n. 入口；途径)gated (adj. 有大门的) 名词：入口；形容词：有大门的 This is the gateway to the park.It's a gated community. sign n. 标志；v. 签名 signature (n. 签名) 名词：签名 Her signature is very beautiful. explain v. 解释 explanation (n. 解释) 名词：解释 He gave a clear explanation of the rule. mean v. 意味着 meaning (n. 意义)meaningful (adj. 有意义的)meaningless (adj. 无意义的) 名词：意义；形容词：有意义 / 无意义的 What's the meaning of this word?It's a meaningful trip./It's a meaningless talk. safety n. 安全 safe (adj. 安全的)save (v. 拯救；节省)safely (adv. 安全地) 形容词：安全的；动词：拯救；副词：安全地 It's safe here.He tried to save the cat.He arrived safely. interest n. 兴趣；v. 使感兴趣 interested (adj. 感兴趣的)interesting (adj. 令人感兴趣的) 形容词：人感到感兴趣 / 事物令人感兴趣 I'm interested in music.It's an interesting book. science n. 科学 scientific (adj. 科学的)scientist (n. 科学家) 形容词：科学的；名词：科学家 We did a scientific experiment.He wants to be a scientist. art n. 艺术 artist (n. 艺术家)artistic (adj. 艺术的) 名词：艺术家；形容词：艺术的 The artist painted a picture.She has an artistic talent. predict v. 预测 prediction (n. 预言) 名词：预言 His prediction came true. begin v. 开始 beginning (n. 开始)began/begun (过去式 / 过去分词) 名词：开始；不规则过去式 / 分词 At the beginning of the class, we sang a song.He began to study English last year. complete v. 完成；adj. 完整的 completely (adv. 完全地) 副词：完全地 I completely understand the rule. review v. 复习；评价 reviewer (n. 评论家) 名词：评论家 The reviewer praised the book. recommend v. 推荐 recommendation (n. 推荐物) 名词：推荐物 Can you give me a book recommendation? behave v. 表现 behavior (n. 举止；行为) 名词：行为 His good behavior is praised by the teacher. organise v. 组织 organiser (n. 组织者)organisation (n. 组织机构) 名词：组织者 / 组织机构 The organiser planned the party.It's a non-profit organisation. surf v. 冲浪 surfer (n. 冲浪者) 名词：冲浪者 The surfer rode the wave well. dangerous adj. 危险的 danger (n. 危险) 名词：危险 There is a danger of fire here. stick n. 木棒；v. 贴 sticker (n. 贴纸)stuck/stuck (过去式 / 过去分词) 名词：贴纸；不规则过去式 / 分词 I put a sticker on the notebook.He stuck the poster on the wall. polite adj. 礼貌的 politely (adv. 礼貌地)impolite (adj. 不礼貌的) 副词：礼貌地；反义词：不礼貌的 He spoke politely to the teacher.It's impolite to interrupt others. 三、核心短语 / 句型搭配表（含意思、例句） 核心词块/短语搭配/句型 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句 1 follow the rules 遵守规则 We must follow the rules in the library. 2 break the rules 违反规则 Don't break the rules at school. 3 make rules 制定规则 The teacher made new class rules. 4 by underground 乘地铁 I go to school by underground every day. 5 take the underground 坐地铁 Let's take the underground to the Science Museum. 6 underground station 地铁站 The new underground station is near my home. 7 lean against 倚靠在…… 上 Don't lean against the escalator—it's dangerous. 8 lean forward 向前倾 She leaned forward to hear the announcement clearly. 9 lean on 依赖；依靠 Don't lean on others; do it by yourself. 10 litter around 乱扔垃圾 No one is allowed to litter around in the park. 11 drop litter 扔垃圾 Please don't drop litter on the ground. 12 pick up litter/rubbish 捡垃圾 We should pick up litter to keep the city clean. 13 the gap between...and... …… 和…… 之间的间隙 Mind the gap between the platform and the train. 14 generation gap 代沟 There is a small generation gap between my parents and me. 15 fill the gap 填补缺口 We need to fill the gap in the fence. 16 what else 其他什么 What else do you need for the outing? 17 who else 还有谁 Who else will go to the park with us? 18 where else 其他地方 Where else can we find this sign? 19 on the escalator 在自动扶梯上 Stand on the right on the escalator. 20 take the escalator 乘自动扶梯 Take the escalator to the second floor. 21 up/down escalator 上行 / 下行自动扶梯 The up escalator is over there. 22 bus/train station 公交 / 火车站 We met at the bus station this morning. 23 information/ticket station 咨询 / 售票台 The ticket station is on the left of the hall. 24 make an announcement 发布公告 The station made an announcement about the delayed train. 25 listen to the announcement 听公告 Please listen to the announcement carefully. 26 announcements for passengers 乘客公告 We can hear announcements for passengers in the station. 27 help elderly passengers 帮助老年乘客 He helped an elderly passenger carry the bag. 28 passenger safety 乘客安全 Passenger safety is the most important thing. 29 take the lift/elevator 坐电梯 Take the lift to the fifth floor. 30 in the lift 在电梯里 There are many people in the lift. 31 lift door 电梯门 Wait for the lift door to open slowly. 32 on the platform 在站台上 Please wait for the train on platform 3. 33 train/subway platform 火车 / 地铁站台 The subway platform is very crowded in the morning. 34 platform number 站台编号 What's the platform number for the train to Beijing? 35 a straight line 一条直线 Draw a straight line between the two points. 36 wait in line 排队等待 We must wait in line to buy tickets. 37 stand in a line 站成一排 The students stand in a line for the morning exercise. 38 a line of... 一排…… There is a line of trees by the road. 39 rush to do sth 匆忙做某事 Don't rush to get on the train—wait until it stops. 40 in a rush 匆忙地 He left home in a rush and forgot his schoolbag. 41 rush out of... 从…… 冲出去 She rushed out of the station to catch the bus. 42 no smoking 禁止吸烟 There is a "No smoking" sign in the lab. 43 smoke in public 在公共场合吸烟 It's impolite to smoke in public places. 44 take a seat 就座；坐下 Please take a seat and wait for your turn. 45 empty seat 空座位 Is there any empty seat on the bus? 46 give one's seat to sb 把座位让给某人 She gave her seat to an old man on the underground. 47 leave sth behind 留下 / 遗忘某物 Don't leave your books behind at school. 48 leave for sp 出发去某地 He leaves for Shanghai tomorrow morning. 49 throw rubbish/litter into... 把垃圾扔进…… Please throw rubbish into the rubbish bin. 50 rubbish bin/container 垃圾桶 There is a rubbish bin at the corner of the street. 51 a pair of gloves 一副手套 My mom bought me a new pair of gloves for winter. 52 wear safety gloves 戴安全手套 You must wear safety gloves in the lab. 53 broken glass/container 碎玻璃 / 破损的容器 Throw broken glass into the special container. 54 rubbish/food container 垃圾 / 食品容器 Put the fruit in a food container. 55 be ready to do sth 准备好做某事 Are you ready to start the game? 56 be ready for sth 为某事做准备 We are ready for the school outing. 57 get ready to do sth 准备做某事 Get ready to go to school—it's 7 o'clock. 58 follow sb 跟随某人 Follow me, and I'll show you the way to the lab. 59 follow the instructions 按照指示 Please follow the instructions on the bottle. 60 stay quiet 保持安静 Stay quiet in the library, please. 61 stay safe/healthy 保持安全 / 健康 We should stay healthy by exercising every day. 62 stay up late 熬夜 Don't stay up late before the exam. 63 stay in/at sp 待在某地 Stay at home when it rains heavily. 64 grow up 长大 I want to be a doctor when I grow up. 65 grow into... 成长为…… The little boy will grow into a kind man. 66 grow + adj. 逐渐变得…… The room grew quiet after the teacher came in. 67 It's important to do sth 做某事很重要 It's important to pay attention to safety. 68 be important for sb/sth 对某人 / 某物重要 English is important for our study. 69 the importance of... …… 的重要性 We all know the importance of following rules. 70 take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 We take turns to clean the classroom every day. 71 take turns in sth 在某事上轮流 They take turns in the group work. 72 have a turn 玩一把；轮一次 Can I have a turn to play the game? 73 a model student/plane 模范学生 / 飞机模型 She is a model student in our class.He made a model plane by himself. 74 pay attention to sb/sth 注意某人 / 某事 Pay attention to the teacher in class. 75 draw one's attention 引起某人的注意 The colorful sign drew my attention. 76 pay for sth 为某物付款 I pay 20 yuan for this book. 77 have a dream 有一个梦想；做梦 I have a dream to travel around the world.I had a sweet dream last night. 78 dream of doing sth 梦想做某事 She dreams of becoming a singer in the future. 79 go on an outing 去远足 We will go on an outing to the park this weekend. 80 school/family outing 学校 / 家庭远足 We took many photos during the school outing. 81 at the gate (of...) 在（…… 的）大门口 Meet me at the school gate at 8 o'clock. 82 station/park gate 车站 / 公园大门 The park gate is open at 6 a.m. 83 underground gate 地铁闸机门 The underground gate opened when I swiped the card. 84 point out 指出 The teacher pointed out my mistake in the homework. 85 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 Share your toys with your little sister. 86 be interested in sth/doing sth 对某事 / 做某事感兴趣 I'm interested in reading storybooks. 87 do some experiments 做一些实验 We do some experiments in the science lab. 88 keep safe 保持安全 Follow the rules to keep safe in the station. 89 No food or drinks 禁止饮食 There is a "No food or drinks" sign in the library. 90 look at a display board 看展示板 We look at a display board in the clubroom. 91 wear open-toed shoes 穿露趾鞋 Don't wear open-toed shoes in the lab. 92 add A to B 把 A 加进 B Add some sugar to the coffee. 93 at all time 无时无刻 We must keep quiet at all time in the museum. 94 a surfing area 冲浪区 Don't swim in the surfing area—it's dangerous. 95 in my opinion 在我看来 In my opinion, following rules is very important. 96 my opinion of... 我对…… 的观点 Tell me your opinion of this story. 97 Dos and Don'ts 能做的事和禁止做的事 We must remember the Dos and Don'ts in the lab. 98 mind the gap 注意间隙 Mind the gap when getting off the underground. 99 No leaning 禁止倚靠 The sign "No leaning" is on the escalator. 100 No littering 禁止乱扔垃圾 No littering in the public places. 101 What's the meaning of...? …… 是什么意思？ What's the meaning of this sign? 102 What does...mean? …… 是什么意思？ What does this word mean? 103 Why do we need...? 我们为什么需要……？ Why do we need rules in our life? 104 What else should we do? 我们还应该做什么？ What else should we follow in the library? 重点词汇精讲 1. rule /ruːl/n. 规则；规章；v. 统治 例句：We must follow the school rules at all time.（我们必须时刻遵守校规。）拓展：常用搭配 make rules（制定规则）、break rules（违反规则），派生词 ruler（尺子；统治者）。 2. underground /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/n. 地铁；adj. 地下的 例句：I take the underground to work every morning.（我每天早上坐地铁上班。）拓展：同义词 subway（美式），搭配 underground station（地铁站）、by underground（乘地铁）。 3. lean /liːn/v. 倚靠；倾斜 例句：Don't lean against the wall—it's wet.（别靠在墙上，墙是湿的。）变形：过去式 / 过去分词 leaned/leant，常用搭配 lean against（倚靠）、lean forward（前倾）。 4. litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/v. 乱扔；n. 垃圾 例句：It's against the rules to litter in the park.（在公园乱扔垃圾违反规则。） 拓展：不可数名词，搭配 pick up litter（捡垃圾），派生词 litterer（乱扔垃圾的人）。 5. gap /ɡæp/n. 缺口；间隙 例句：Be careful of the gap between the platform and the train.（小心站台和列车之间的间隙。）拓展：搭配 mind the gap（注意间隙）、generation gap（代沟）。 6. else /els/adv. 其他的；别的 例句：What else do you want to buy?（你还想买点别的什么？） 用法：置于不定代词 / 疑问词后，如 someone else、where else，派生词 elsewhere（在别处）。 7. follow /ˈfɒləʊ/v. 遵循；跟随 例句：Everyone must follow the traffic rules.（每个人都必须遵守交通规则。） 搭配：follow sb（跟随某人）、follow the instructions（按照指示），派生词 follower（追随者）。 8. important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/adj. 重要的 例句：It's important to pay attention to safety.（注意安全很重要。） 变形：名词 importance（重要性），副词 importantly（重要地），搭配 be important for（对…… 重要）。 9. pay attention to 注意…… 例句：Please pay attention to the announcement in the station.（请注意车站里的公告。）用法：to 为介词，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，如 pay attention to reading（注意阅读）。 10. take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 例句：We take turns to clean the blackboard.（我们轮流擦黑板。） 拓展：同义表达 take turns in doing sth，如 They take turns in watering the flowers. 11. leave /liːv/v. 留下；离开 例句：Someone left a bag on the platform.（有人把包落在了站台上。） 变形：不规则动词，过去式 / 过去分词 left，搭配 leave for（出发去）、leave sth behind（遗忘某物）。 12. safe /seɪf/adj. 安全的；n. safety 安全 例句：It's safe to walk on the street in the daytime.（白天在街上走路是安全的。） 搭配：stay safe（保持安全），副词 safely（安全地），动词 save（拯救；节省）。 13. polite /pəˈlaɪt/adj. 礼貌的 例句：It's polite to give your seat to the elderly.（给老人让座是礼貌的。） 变形：副词 politely（礼貌地），反义词 impolite（不礼貌的），搭配 speak politely（礼貌地说话）。 14. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/adj. 危险的 例句：It's dangerous to rush on the platform.（在站台上奔跑很危险。） 变形：名词 danger（危险），搭配 in danger（处于危险中）。 15. be ready to do sth 准备好做某事 例句：We are ready to go on the school outing.（我们准备好参加学校远足了。） 拓展：同义搭配 get ready to do sth，be ready for sth（为某事做准备）。 词汇巩固训练 （一）根据汉语释义，写出英文单词、音标及词性（基础默写） 要求：完整写出单词、国际音标和词性，每空 1 分，共 10 分 1. 规则；规章 _______________ 2. 地铁 _______________ 3. 倚靠；倾斜 _______________ 4. 乘客；旅客 _______________ 5. 安全 _______________ 6. 注意；关注 _______________ 7. 遵循；跟随 _______________ 8. 礼貌的 _______________ 9. 危险的 _______________ 10. 轮流；依次 _______________ （二）单项选择题（词义辨析 + 固定搭配） 要求：从 A、B、C、D 中选出最佳答案，将序号填在括号内，每小题 1 分，共 10 分 1. We must ________ the rules when we are in the lab. ( )A. follow B. break C. make D. rush 2. Be careful of the ________ between the platform and the underground. ( )A. line B. gap C. seat D. gate 3. Don't ________ against the escalator. It's a dangerous action. ( )A. lean B. litter C. smoke D. sit 4. Please ________ attention to the teacher in class. ( )A. have B. take C. pay D. make 5. We ________ turns to clean our classroom every day. ( )A. take B. make C. do D. go 6. It's ________ to smoke in the public places. ( )A. polite B. impolite C. safe D. important 7. She ________ her seat to an old man on the bus yesterday. ( )A. gave B. took C. left D. rushed 8. ________ else can you find the sign "No littering"? ( )A. What B. Who C. Where D. When 9. The little boy is ________ to go to school by himself. ( )A. ready B. important C. dangerous D. polite 10. It's ________ to follow the traffic rules when crossing the road. ( )A. meaningless B. important C. rubbishy D. gapped （三）用所给单词的适当形式填空（词性转换专项） 要求：根据句意变换单词形式，每空 1 分，共 10 分 1. It's ________ (importance) to keep safe in the station. 2. He spoke ________ (polite) to the old lady on the street. 3. Don't touch the ________ (break) glass—it may hurt you. 4. We should pay attention to ________ (safe) when going out. 5. The ________ (announce) told us the train was delayed. 6. She is ________ (interest) in playing the piano. 7. It's ________ (danger) to swim in the river alone. 8. The ________ (rule) of the game are very simple. 9. He left home in a ________ (rush) and forgot his keys. 10. The ________ (art) painted a beautiful picture of the park. （四）英汉互译（单词 + 短语 + 短句） 要求：精准翻译，每空 1 分，共 10 分 1. 禁止吸烟 _______________ 2. 注意间隙 _______________ 3. 轮流做某事 _______________ 4. 保持安静 _______________ 5. 为…… 付款 _______________ 6. follow the rules _______________ 7. give one's seat to sb _______________ 8. be ready to do sth _______________ 9. in my opinion _______________ 10. No leaning _______________ （五）语境选词填空（从词库选词，可变形） 要求：每词限用一次，必要时变换形式，每空 1 分，共 10 分 词库：rule, underground, passenger, safe, follow, polite, rush, important, litter, attention 1. We take the ________ to the city centre every weekend. 2. All ________ must show their tickets before getting on the train. 3. It's very ________ to follow the traffic rules on the road. 4. Please pay more ________ to the announcement in the station. 5. Don't ________ on the platform—it's easy to fall down. 6. Everyone must ________ the school rules at school. 7. It's ________ to give your seat to the elderly on the bus. 8. We must keep ________ when we are in the crowded place. 9. Don't ________ in the park—put the rubbish into the bin. 10. The first ________ of the game is "No talking during the match". 参考答案 （一）基础默写 1. rule /ruːl/ n. 2. underground /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ n. 3. lean /liːn/ v. 4. passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 5. safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 6. attention /əˈtenʃn/ n. 7. follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ v. 8. polite /pəˈlaɪt/ adj. 9. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 10. take turns /teɪk tɜːnz/ v. （二）单项选择 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.B （三）词性转换 1. important 2. politely 3. broken 4. safety 5. announcer 2. interested 7. dangerous 8. rules 9. rush 10. artist （四）英汉互译 1. no smoking 2. mind the gap 3. take turns to do sth 4. stay quiet 5. pay for sth 2. 遵守规则 7. 把座位让给某人 8. 准备好做某事 9. 在我看来 10. 禁止倚靠 （五）语境选词 1. underground 2. passengers 3. important 4. attention 5. rush 2. follow 7. polite 8. safe 9. litter 10. rule 背默清单 （一）核心名词（30 个） 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 rule /ruːl/ 规则；规章 underground /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ 地铁 gap /ɡæp/ 缺口；间隙 escalator /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ 自动扶梯 station /ˈsteɪʃn/ 车站；服务台 announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ 公告；通告 passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ 乘客；旅客 lift /lɪft/ 电梯；升降机 platform /ˈplætfɔːm/ 站台 line /laɪn/ 线；线条 smoke /sməʊk/ 烟 seat /siːt/ 座位 rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ 垃圾；废弃物 glove /ɡlʌv/ 手套 container /kənˈteɪnə(r)/ 容器 attention /əˈtenʃn/ 注意；关注 dream /driːm/ 梦；梦想 outing /ˈaʊtɪŋ/ 远足；出外游玩 gate /ɡeɪt/ 大门；出入口 sign /saɪn/ 标志；签名 safety /ˈseɪfti/ 安全 science /ˈsaɪəns/ 科学 art /ɑːt/ 艺术 lab /læb/ 实验室 experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ 实验 order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ 命令；顺序 opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ 观点 model /ˈmɒdl/ 模型；模范 danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 危险 facility /fəˈsɪləti/ 设备；设施 （二）核心动词（30 个） 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 lean /liːn/ 倚靠；倾斜 litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ 乱扔 rush /rʌbɪʃ/ 迅速移动；急促 smoke /sməʊk/ 吸烟；抽烟 leave /liːv/ 留下；离开 follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ 遵循；跟随 stay /steɪ/ 保持；停留 grow /ɡrəʊ/ 生长；变得 pay /peɪ/ 付款；付出 dream /driːm/ 做梦；梦想 sign /saɪn/ 签名 explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ 解释 interest /ˈɪntrəst/ 使感兴趣 predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ 预测 reply /rɪˈplaɪ/ 回复 begin /bɪˈɡɪn/ 开始 complete /kəmˈpliːt/ 完成 review /rɪˈvjuː/ 复习；评价 recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ 推荐 behave /bɪˈheɪv/ 表现 form /fɔːm/ 塑造；形成 organise /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ 组织 wave /weɪv/ 摇晃；挥动 surf /sɜːf/ 冲浪 stick /stɪk/ 贴；粘 accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/ 陪同 comment /ˈkɒment/ 评论 drop /drɒp/ 扔下；掉落 mind /maɪnd/ 注意；介意 give /ɡɪv/ 给予；让 （三）核心形容词（25 个） 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 underground /ˈʌndəɡraʊnd/ 地下的 broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ 破损的；伤残的 ready /ˈredi/ 准备好的 important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ 重要的 safe /seɪf/ 安全的 dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ 危险的 polite /pəˈlaɪt/ 礼貌的 impolite /ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/ 不礼貌的 interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ 感兴趣的 interesting /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ 令人感兴趣的 scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ 科学的 artistic /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ 艺术的 meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ 有意义的 meaningless /ˈmiːnɪŋləs/ 无意义的 rushed /rʌʃt/ 匆忙的 smoky /ˈsməʊki/ 多烟的 seated /ˈsiːtɪd/ 就座的 rubbishy /ˈrʌbɪʃi/ 无价值的 gapped /ɡæpt/ 有缺口的 stationary /ˈsteɪʃənri/ 静止的 following /ˈfɒləʊɪŋ/ 接下来的 attentive /əˈtentɪv/ 专心的 dreamy /ˈdriːmi/ 梦幻的 gated /ˈɡeɪtɪd/ 有大门的 positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ 积极的 negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ 消极的 第 1 页 共 19 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $