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教学课件
译林英语七年级下册
Unit 3 语法专项—— 冠词(a/an/the)与地点介词
全解精讲+分层练习
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学习目标
掌握不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词的核心用法
能根据发音音素正确选择a/an,避开常见易错点
熟记核心地点介词,准确描述空间位置关系
在基础题型中灵活运用冠词与地点介词知识
冠词的分类与基本功能
冠词是名词前的限定词,修饰限定人或事物
不定冠词a/an:表泛指,用于首次提及的人或事物
定冠词the:表特指,用于特定或二次提及的对象
零冠词/:无冠词,部分名词前无需加冠词修饰
a/an的核心选择规则
判断依据为单词的发音音素,非单词首字母
a用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前
an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前
元音音素核心为/a:/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/及相关发音
a/an经典易错例词辨析
辅音字母开头,元音音素→用an
an hour(h不发音,首音素/aʊə/)
an honest boy(h不发音,首音素/ɒnɪst/)
元音字母开头,辅音音素→用a
a university(u发/ju:/,辅音音素开头)
a European country(e发/jʊərə/,辅音音素开头)
a/an的核心用法
首次提到的单数可数名词,表泛指“一个”
表示一类人或事物,含义相当于any
用于固定表达表“每一”,含义相当于per
不可数名词、复数名词前不能直接用a/an
定冠词the的用法(一)
第二次提到的人或事物,承前指代
特指双方都明确知道的人或事物
世界上独一无二的事物前必须加the
建筑、名胜类专有名词前加the
定冠词the的用法(二)
形容词最高级、序数词前加the
有定语修饰的名词,表特指时加the
固定搭配中需加the,如the capital of...
江河湖海、山脉类专有名词前加the
零冠词(/)的核心用法
复数名词泛指一类人或事物时,用零冠词
不可数名词表泛指概念时,用零冠词
学科、语言、球类运动的名词前,用零冠词
日常固定搭配中用零冠词,如at home/by bus
冠词用法速记表
冠词类型 核心用法 关键提示
a/an 首次提及、泛指单数 看辅音/元音音素
the 特指、二次提及、独一无二 专有名词、最高级
/ 泛指复数/不可数、固定搭配 学科、球类、语言
冠词基础小练习(填空)
______ dog is a lovely animal.
I have ______ orange and ______ pear.
______ earth goes around ______ sun.
She is ______ student from ______ UK.
We play ______ basketball after school.
A
an
a
The
the
a
the
/
地点介词的定义与功能
地点介词用于描述人或事物的空间位置关系
后接名词或代词,构成介词短语作修饰成分
本单元核心应用于介绍家乡景点的方位布局
常与There be句型搭配,描述“某地有某物”
核心地点介词(一)- 上下/内部
介词 核心含义 关键特征
in 在……内部/范围里 封闭或有边界的空间
on 在……表面上 与物体表面直接接触
under 在……正下方 垂直下方,无接触
above 在……上方 任意方位,无接触
核心地点介词(一)- 例句解析
There is a desk in the classroom.
Some books are on the desk.
A schoolbag is under the desk.
A light is above the desk.
above无方向限制,仅表“在物体上方”
核心地点介词(二)- 前后/旁边
介词 核心含义 搭配/近义
behind 在……后面 /
in front of 在……前面(外部) /
beside 在……旁边 next to(近义)
between 在……两者之间 与and搭配使用
核心地点介词(二)- 例句解析
A tree is behind the shop.
Flowers are in front of the shop.
A bench is beside/next to the tree.
The shop is between two trees.
between后必须用and连接两个指代对象
核心地点介词(三)- inside/outside
outside:在……外面,表外部位置
inside:在……里面,强调具体的内部空间
outside与inside互为反义词,可单独作副词
inside可替换in使用,语气更明确具体
地点介词易错点辨析(一)
in front of VS in the front of
in front of:物体外部的前方
in the front of:物体内部的前方
above VS on
above:物体上方,无接触
on:物体表面,有接触
地点介词易错点辨析(二)
between VS among
between:两者之间,搭配between A and B among:三者及以上之间
beside VS besides
beside:介词,含义为“在……旁边”
besides:副词/介词,含义为“除了……之外”
under VS below
under:物体正下方 below:物体下方,非垂直方向
地点介词+There be句型 综合应用
核心句式:There be + 名词 + 地点介词短语
There is a bird in the tree.
There are some flowers beside the lake.
There is a shop between a bank and a hospital.
be动词单复数由后面的名词决定(就近原则)
地点介词基础小练习(填空)
The clock is __________ the wall.
A cat is __________ the chair.
The bike is __________ the door and the window.
Some birds are flying __________ the house.
My mother is waiting _________ the school gate.
on
under
between
above
outside
冠词+地点介词 综合运用例句
The Great Wall is in the north of China.
There is an apple tree in front of the house.
I visited a small park. The park has a lake beside it.
An hour later, we arrived at the centre of the city.
There is a shop between the hospital and the school.
冠词填空 解题技巧
判断名词表泛指还是特指
单数可数名词看首音素,选择a或an
二次提及、专有名词直接用the
复数/不可数名词表泛指,用零冠词
固定搭配直接套用,无需额外判断
地点介词选择 解题技巧
分析题干中明确的空间位置关系
判断物体间是否接触、是否为垂直方位
两者之间选between,旁边选beside/next to
外部前方直接选in front of
结合There be句型验证答案合理性
拓展练习一 用a/an/the/填空
______ Spring Festival is ______ important festival in China.
He has ______ new book. ______ book is about ______ history of Nanjing.
______ moon is bright at night. We can see it in ______ sky.
I play ______ piano every day, but I don't play ______ football.
______ old man is sitting on ______ bench near ______ lake.
The
an
a
The
the
The
the
the
/
The
a
the
拓展练习二 单项选择
1.There is ______ small garden beside ______ river.
A. a; the B. an; a C. the; / D. /; the
2.______ girl behind ______ tree is my sister.
A. A; a B. The; the C. An; the D. The; /
3.The book is ______ the desk and the pen is ______ it.
A. on; under B. in; on C. above; under D. under; above
4.There is ______ important museum in ______ west of the city.
A. a; the B. an; / C. an; the D. the; the
5.We can see many stars in ______ sky at night.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
A
B
A
C
C
拓展练习三 地点介词填空
The teacher's desk is ______ the front of the classroom.
There are some fish ______ the lake.
The kite is flying ________ the tall building.
Our classroom is __________ the library and the lab.
The students are playing games _________ the classroom.
Some beautiful lanterns are hanging ______ the roof.
in
in
above
between
outside
on
拓展练习四 句型转换
There is a shop in the street.(对划线部分提问)
The zoo is beside the park.(改为一般疑问句)
A bird is flying above the house.(对划线部分提问)
There are some trees behind the school.(改为否定句)
There is a big lake in the Summer Palace.(对划线部分提问)
Where is a shop?
Is the zoo beside the park?
Where is a bird flying?
There aren't any trees behind the school.
Where is a big lake?
语法知识梳理(冠词)
a/an看音素,泛指首次提,一类也可用
the表特指,二次提及用,独一专有名
最高级序数,有定语修饰,固定搭配里
零冠用何处,复数不可数,学科球语言
易错词辨析,固定搭配记,做题不失误
语法知识梳理(地点介词)
空间位置辨,接触用on,内部用in
下方分垂直,under正下方,below非垂直
前后分内外,in front of外,behind表后
旁边beside,两者between,三者用among
内外outside/inside,句型搭There be
单元语法核心口诀
冠词用法
单泛a/an看音素,特指用the莫糊涂
复泛不可零冠词,固定搭配记清楚
介词用法
in内on表面,above上under下
前in front后behind,between两者beside旁
综合运用
名前定冠辨特指,位置介词看空间
句型搭配多练习,语法运用更熟练
课堂小结
掌握了a/an/the和零冠词的核心用法与辨析要点
熟记了核心地点介词的含义、用法及易错点
学会了根据语境快速选择正确的冠词和介词
能在填空、选择、句型转换中灵活运用语法
会在There be句型中综合使用冠词和地点介词
教学课件
Unit 3 语法专项—— 冠词(a/an/the)与地点介词
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