Unit 6 词汇讲义 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

八年级英语下册Unit6词汇讲义 一、单词分类（Word Classification） 1. 名词（Nouns） 单词 中文 复数形式 常见搭配 villager 村民 ______ local villagers / village life wheat 小麦 ______ wheat field / harvest wheat childhood 童年 ______ childhood memories / in one's childhood countryside 乡下；农村 ______ live in the countryside / beautiful countryside province 省 ______ in the province / coastal province wisdom 智慧 ______ ancient wisdom / wisdom of the elders arrival 到来 ______ arrival time / on arrival calendar 历法 ______ lunar calendar / solar calendar webpage 网页 ______ visit a webpage / design a webpage bee-keeping 养蜂 ______ bee-keeping industry energy 能源 ______ solar energy / save energy material 材料 ______ building materials / raw materials desert 沙漠 ______ in the desert / desert heat environment 生态环境 ______ protect the environment / natural environment resource 资源 ______ natural resources / water resources natural resources 自然资源 ______ rich natural resources west 西部 ______ in the west / west coast east 东部 ______ in the east / east Asia mid-summer 仲夏 ______ in mid-summer / mid-summer heat rainfall 雨量 ______ heavy rainfall / annual rainfall canal 运河 ______ canal system / build a canal shortage 短缺 ______ water shortage / food shortage increase 增加 ______ population increase / price increase 2. 动词（Verbs） 单词 中文 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 固定搭配 charge 使充电 ______ ______ ______ charge a phone / charge the battery survive 幸存；活下来 ______ ______ ______ survive in / survive the winter 3. 形容词（Adjectives） 单词 中文 副词形式 比较级 反义词 energetic 精力充沛的 ______ ______ tired crazy 疯狂的 ______ ______ sane underground 地下的 —— —— aboveground amazing 惊人的 ______ ______ ordinary 4. 副词（Adverbs） 单词 中文 比较级 最高级 sweetly 悦耳动听地 ______ ______ especially 尤其 ______ ______ safely 安全地 ______ ______ amazingly 惊人地 ______ ______ probably 很可能 —— —— 5. 介词（Prepositions） 单词 中文 用法 below ______ below zero / below sea level among ______ among friends / among the crowd 6. 短语（写出中文） 短语 中文 according to ______ natural resources ______ energy source ______ water shortage ______ 二、重点单词用法与固定搭配（填空） 1. according to – ______ - 例句：According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow. 2. survive – v. 幸存；活下来 - 搭配：survive in（______）；survive the winter（______） - 例句：How do plants survive in the desert? 3. natural resources – ______ - 例句：The country is rich in natural resources. 4. energy – n. 能源；精力 - 搭配：solar energy（______）；save energy（______） - 例句：Children are full of energy. 5. environment – n. 环境 - 搭配：protect the environment（______）；natural environment（______） - 例句：We should do more to protect the environment. 6. shortage – n. 短缺 - 搭配：water shortage（______）；food shortage（______） - 例句：The city is facing a serious water shortage. 7. increase – n./v. 增加 - 搭配：population increase（______）；increase by（______）；increase to（______） - 例句：The price of oil has increased. 8. crazy – adj. 疯狂的 - 搭配：be crazy about（______） - 例句：He is crazy about football. 9. especially – adv. 尤其 - 例句：I love fruits, especially apples. 10. among – prep. 在……之中（三者或以上） - 例句：She is among the top students in our class. 三、配套练习 练习一：根据句意及首字母提示写出单词 1. The birds sang s__________ in the early morning. 2. The v__________ in this village are very friendly. 3. Farmers are harvesting w__________ in the fields. 4. She has happy memories of her c__________. 5. They live in the beautiful c__________. 6. He comes from a small town in the p__________ of Shandong. 7. I love fruits, e__________ apples and oranges. 8. Ancient people had great w__________ about nature. 9. We are waiting for the a__________ of the train. 10. According to the lunar c__________, today is a special day. 练习二：用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The children are very __________ (energy). They never seem tired. 2. It's __________ (crazy) to drive so fast in the rain. 3. We should protect the __________ (environment). 4. The country is rich in natural __________ (resource). 5. The __________ (short) of water is a serious problem. 6. There has been an __________ (increase) in the number of tourists. 7. They __________ (survive) the earthquake luckily. 8. The sun is an important __________ (energetic) source. 9. __________ (amazing), he finished the work in one hour. 10. He is the most __________ (energy) person I know. 练习三：用方框中的短语填空（注意适当形式） | according to | natural resources | water shortage | be crazy about | | survive in | protect the environment | energy source | increase by | | among | especially 1. __________ the weather report, it will rain tomorrow. 2. The country has rich __________ like oil and gas. 3. Many cities face serious __________. 4. He __________ football. He watches every game. 5. How do plants __________ the desert? 6. We must __________ for future generations. 7. Solar power is a clean __________. 8. The population of the city __________ 10% last year. 9. She is __________ the best students in her class. 10. I love all fruits, __________ strawberries. 练习四：单项选择 1. ______ the map, we are here. A. According B. According to C. To according D. According with 2. How do animals ______ in the cold winter? A. survive B. live C. stay D. keep 3. The country is rich in natural ______. A. sources B. resources C. origins D. beginnings 4. We should do more to ______ the environment. A. protect B. protest C. prevent D. pretend 5. The city is facing a serious water ______. A. short B. shortage C. shorten D. shortly 6. There has been a sharp ______ in temperature. A. increase B. increased C. increasing D. increasingly 7. He is ______ about playing computer games. A. crazy B. crazily C. craze D. crazed 8. I love all kinds of fruit, ______ apples. A. especial B. especially C. special D. specially 9. She is ______ the top students in her class. A. between B. among C. in D. at 10. The wind is blowing ______. A. sweet B. sweetly C. sweetness D. sweeten 练习五：翻译句子 1. 根据天气预报，明天会下雨。 ________________________________ 2. 这个国家自然资源丰富。 ________________________________ 3. 许多城市面临严重的水资源短缺。 ________________________________ 4. 植物如何在沙漠中生存？ ________________________________ 5. 我们必须保护环境。 ________________________________ 6. 太阳能是一种清洁能源。 ________________________________ 7. 今年游客数量增加了20%。 ________________________________ 8. 她是我们班最好的学生之一。 ________________________________ 9. 我特别喜欢水果，尤其是草莓。 ________________________________ 10. 村民们过着简单而幸福的生活。 ________________________________ 【教师版】（含答案） 一、单词分类（Word Classification） 1. 名词（Nouns） 单词 中文 复数形式 常见搭配 villager 村民 villagers local villagers / village life wheat 小麦 —— wheat field / harvest wheat childhood 童年 childhoods childhood memories / in one's childhood countryside 乡下；农村 countrysides live in the countryside / beautiful countryside province 省 provinces in the province / coastal province wisdom 智慧 —— ancient wisdom / wisdom of the elders arrival 到来 arrivals arrival time / on arrival calendar 历法 calendars lunar calendar / solar calendar webpage 网页 webpages visit a webpage / design a webpage bee-keeping 养蜂 —— bee-keeping industry energy 能源 energies solar energy / save energy material 材料 materials building materials / raw materials desert 沙漠 deserts in the desert / desert heat environment 生态环境 environments protect the environment / natural environment resource 资源 resources natural resources / water resources natural resources 自然资源 —— rich natural resources west 西部 —— in the west / west coast east 东部 —— in the east / east Asia mid-summer 仲夏 —— in mid-summer / mid-summer heat rainfall 雨量 rainfalls heavy rainfall / annual rainfall canal 运河 canals canal system / build a canal shortage 短缺 shortages water shortage / food shortage increase 增加 increases population increase / price increase 2. 动词（Verbs） 单词 中文 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 固定搭配 charge 使充电 charged charged charging charge a phone / charge the battery survive 幸存；活下来 survived survived surviving survive in / survive the winter 3. 形容词（Adjectives） 单词 中文 副词形式 比较级 反义词 energetic 精力充沛的 energetically more energetic tired crazy 疯狂的 crazily crazier sane underground 地下的 —— —— aboveground amazing 惊人的 amazingly more amazing ordinary 4. 副词（Adverbs） 单词 中文 比较级 最高级 sweetly 悦耳动听地 more sweetly most sweetly especially 尤其 more especially most especially safely 安全地 more safely most safely amazingly 惊人地 more amazingly most amazingly probably 很可能 —— —— 5. 介词（Prepositions） 单词 中文 用法 below 在……下面 below zero / below sea level among 在……之中 among friends / among the crowd 6. 短语（Phrases） 短语 中文 例句 according to 据……所示；按……所说 According to the report, it will rain tomorrow. natural resources 自然资源 We should protect our natural resources. energy source 能源 Solar energy is a clean energy source. water shortage 水资源短缺 Many areas suffer from water shortage. 二、重点单词用法与固定搭配 1. according to – 根据；按照 - 例句：According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow. 2. survive – v. 幸存；活下来 - 搭配：survive in（在……中幸存）；survive the winter（熬过冬天） - 例句：How do plants survive in the desert? 3. natural resources – 自然资源 - 例句：The country is rich in natural resources. 4. energy – n. 能源；精力 - 搭配：solar energy（太阳能）；save energy（节约能源） - 例句：Children are full of energy. 5. environment – n. 环境 - 搭配：protect the environment（保护环境）；natural environment（自然环境） - 例句：We should do more to protect the environment. 6. shortage – n. 短缺 - 搭配：water shortage（水资源短缺）；food shortage（食物短缺） - 例句：The city is facing a serious water shortage. 7. increase – n./v. 增加 - 搭配：population increase（人口增长）；increase by（增加了……）；increase to（增加到……） - 例句：The price of oil has increased. 8. crazy – adj. 疯狂的 - 搭配：be crazy about（对……着迷） - 例句：He is crazy about football. 9. especially – adv. 尤其 - 例句：I love fruits, especially apples. 10. among – prep. 在……之中（三者或以上） - 例句：She is among the top students in our class. 三、配套练习 练习一：根据句意及首字母提示写出单词 答案：1. sweetly 2. villagers 3. wheat 4. childhood 5. countryside 6. province 7. especially 8. wisdom 9. arrival 10. calendar 练习二：用所给单词的适当形式填空 答案：1. energetic 2. crazy 3. environment 4. resources 5. shortage 6. increase 7. survived 8. energy 9. Amazingly 10. energetic 练习三：用方框中的短语填空（注意适当形式） 答案：1. According to 2. natural resources 3. water shortage 4. is crazy about 5. survive in 6. protect the environment 7. energy source 8. increased by 9. among 10. especially 练习四：单项选择 答案：1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. B 练习五：翻译句子 答案： 1. According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. 2. The country is rich in natural resources. 3. Many cities are facing serious water shortages. 4. How do plants survive in the desert? 5. We must protect the environment. 6. Solar energy is a clean energy source. 7. The number of tourists increased by 20% this year. 8. She is among the best students in our class. 9. I love fruits, especially strawberries. 10. The villagers live a simple but happy life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $