Unit1 语法专练 2025-2026学年外研版七年级英语下册

外研版7下第一单元语法专练 一般过去时 第一部分：知识点 一、一般过去时的基本概念 1. 什么是一般过去时？ 一般过去时是英语中最常用的时态之一，用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。它的核心含义是“过去……”。 简单定义： 一般过去时表示过去某一时间点或时间段内发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有直接联系。 例句： 昨天我去了公园。 I went to the park yesterday. 她去年住在北京。 She lived in Beijing last year. 他们十分钟前离开了。 They left ten minutes ago. 我小时候很胖。 I was fat when I was a child. 2. 一般过去时的核心用法 用法一：过去某个时间点发生的动作 这是最常用的用法，强调在过去的具体时间点发生了什么事。这个动作已经完成，与现在无关。 例句： 我昨天买了一本书。 I bought a book yesterday. 他上周五离开了上海。 He left Shanghai last Friday. 我们在八点吃了晚饭。 We had dinner at 8 o'clock. 她昨天给我打电话了。 She called me yesterday. 我去年去了日本。 I went to Japan last year. 用法二：过去某段时间内存在的状态 描述过去一段时间内持续的状态或情况，比如人的感受、天气、年龄、身份等。 例句： 我以前很胖。 I was very fat before. 她小时候很害羞。 She was very shy when she was young. 他们去年很忙。 They were very busy last year. 用法三：过去经常或反复发生的动作 描述过去经常做的习惯性动作，可以和often, always, usually等频率副词连用。 例句： 我以前每天跑步。 I ran every day in the past. 小时候我经常去游泳。 I often went swimming when I was a child. 他以前总是迟到。 He was always late in the past. 二、一般过去时的标志词 这些词出现时，通常要用一般过去时。掌握这些标志词，可以帮助你快速判断何时使用一般过去时。 以yesterday为核心的标志词 yesterday 昨天 昨天我见到了他。 I saw him yesterday. yesterday morning 昨天早上 昨天早上我起得很早。 I got up early yesterday morning. yesterday afternoon 昨天下午 昨天下午我们去了购物中心。 We went to the mall yesterday afternoon. yesterday evening 昨天晚上 昨天晚上我看了一部电影。 I watched a movie yesterday evening. the day before yesterday 前天 前天我们去了博物馆。 We went to the museum the day before yesterday. 以last为核心的标志词 last night 昨晚 昨晚我睡得很晚。 I slept late last night. last week 上周 上周我买了一辆车。 I bought a car last week. last month 上个月 上个月我们去了北京。 We went to Beijing last month. last year 去年 去年她结婚了。 She got married last year. last Sunday 上周日 上周日我们去了公园。 We went to the park last Sunday. last weekend 上周末 上周末你做了什么？ What did you do last weekend? 以ago为核心的标志词 ago 表示“……以前”，放在时间段后面 two days ago 两天前 两天前我见到了她。 I saw her two days ago. three years ago 三年前 三年前我住在上海。 I lived in Shanghai three years ago. ten minutes ago 十分钟前 她十分钟前离开了。 She left ten minutes ago. a long time ago 很久以前 很久以前，这里是一片森林。 A long time ago, this place was a forest. 以in为核心的标志词 in + 过去年份 in 2020 在2020年 in 1998 在1998年 他出生于2005年。 He was born in 2005. in the past 在过去 在过去，人们没有手机。 In the past, people didn't have mobile phones. 其他常用标志词 just now 刚才 他刚才还在这里。 He was here just now. at that time 在那时 那时我不认识他。 I didn't know him at that time. once upon a time 从前 从前有一个美丽的公主。 Once upon a time, there was a beautiful princess. when I was... 当我……的时候 当我还是个孩子的时候，我住在乡下。 When I was a child, I lived in the countryside. in those days 在那个年代 在那个年代，生活很艰难。 Life was hard in those days. 三、be动词的一般过去时 be动词的过去式有两个：was 和 were。 was 的用法 was 用于第一人称单数 I 和第三人称单数 he/she/it。 例句： 我昨天累了。 I was tired yesterday. 她很开心。 She was happy. 他在家。 He was at home. 天气很冷。 It was cold. were 的用法 were 用于第二人称 you 和复数人称 we/they。 例句： 你迟到了。 You were late. 我们很忙。 We were busy. 他们在学校。 They were at school. 肯定句结构 结构：主语 + was/were + 其他 例句： 我昨天很累。 I was tired yesterday. 她去年十岁。 She was ten years old last year. 他在家昨晚。 He was at home last night. 天气很好昨天。 The weather was nice yesterday. 否定句结构 结构：主语 + was/were + not + 其他 was not 可以缩写为 wasn't were not 可以缩写为 weren't 例句： 我不饿昨天。 I was not hungry yesterday. 也可以说 I wasn't hungry. 她不在家昨晚。 She was not at home last night. 也可以说 She wasn't at home. 天气不好昨天。 The weather was not nice yesterday. 也可以说 It wasn't nice. 你们不忙昨天。 You were not busy yesterday. 也可以说 You weren't busy. 一般疑问句结构 结构：Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ 肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答： No, 主语 + was/were + not. 例句： Were you tired yesterday? 你昨天累吗？ Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. Was she at home last night? 她昨晚在家吗？ Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't. Was the weather nice? 天气好吗？ Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. Were they busy yesterday? 他们昨天忙吗？ Yes, they were. / No, they weren't. Were you at school yesterday? 你们昨天在学校吗？ Yes, we were. / No, we weren't. 特殊疑问句结构 结构：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他？ 常用疑问词：Where, Why, How, What, Who, When 例句： Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪里？ I was at home. 我在家。 Why was she late? 她为什么迟到？ Because her car broke down. 因为她的车坏了。 How was the movie? 电影怎么样？ It was great. 很棒。 Who was with you? 谁和你在一起？ My friend was with me. 我朋友和我在一起。 When were you born? 你什么时候出生的？ I was born in 2005. 我出生于2005年。 What was that? 那是什么？ It was a gift. 那是一份礼物。 四、实义动词的一般过去时 实义动词的过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则动词的过去式变化规则 规则一：一般情况下直接加 -ed work 变成 worked 工作 play 变成 played 玩 talk 变成 talked 说话 walk 变成 walked 走路 help 变成 helped 帮助 learn 变成 learned 学习 规则二：以不发音的e结尾，直接加 -d like 变成 liked 喜欢 live 变成 lived 居住 move 变成 moved 移动 use 变成 used 使用 close 变成 closed 关闭 love 变成 loved 爱 agree 变成 agreed 同意 规则三：以辅音字母 + y 结尾，变y为i再加 -ed study 变成 studied 学习 cry 变成 cried 哭 try 变成 tried 尝试 carry 变成 carried 搬运 hurry 变成 hurried 匆忙 规则四：重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加 -ed 什么是重读闭音节？ 单词最后三个字母是：辅音字母 + 元音字母 + 辅音字母 并且这个音节是重读的 一般是单音节词或最后一个音节重读的双音节词 stop 变成 stopped 停止 plan 变成 planned 计划 prefer 变成 preferred 更喜欢 admit 变成 admitted 承认 occur 变成 occurred 发生 常用不规则动词过去式列表 A-A-A型（原形、过去式同形） cost 变成 cost 花费 cut 变成 cut 切 hit 变成 hit 打 hurt 变成 hurt 伤害 let 变成 let 让 put 变成 put 放 read 变成 read 读（发音变化：/riːd/ 变成 /red/） set 变成 set 设置 shut 变成 shut 关闭 A-B-C型（原形、过去式、过去分词各不相同） begin 变成 began 开始 drink 变成 drank 喝 ring 变成 rang 响铃 sing 变成 sang 唱 swim 变成 swam 游泳 blow 变成 blew 吹 break 变成 broke 打破 choose 变成 chose 选择 speak 变成 spoke 说话 steal 变成 stole 偷 wake 变成 woke 醒来 drive 变成 drove 开车 ride 变成 rode 骑 rise 变成 rose 升起 write 变成 wrote 写 eat 变成 ate 吃 A-B-B型（过去式与过去分词相同） bring 变成 brought 带来 buy 变成 bought 买 catch 变成 caught 抓 fight 变成 fought 战斗 teach 变成 taught 教 think 变成 thought 想 build 变成 built 建造 lend 变成 lent 借出 send 变成 sent 发送 spend 变成 spent 花费 feel 变成 felt 感觉 keep 变成 kept 保持 sleep 变成 slept 睡觉 sweep 变成 swept 打扫 leave 变成 left 离开 A-B-A型（原形与过去分词相同） become 变成 became 变成 come 变成 came 来 run 变成 ran 跑 实义动词的肯定句结构 结构：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 例句： 我昨天看了一部电影。 I watched a movie yesterday. 她上周买了一辆车。 She bought a car last week. 我们十分钟前离开。 We left ten minutes ago. 他去年去了美国。 He went to America last year. 他们昨天打篮球了。 They played basketball yesterday. 我两小时前吃了午饭。 I ate lunch two hours ago. 她给我写了一封信。 She wrote me a letter. 实义动词的否定句结构 结构：主语 + did not + 动词原形 + 其他 did not 可以缩写为 didn't 重要提醒： 用了didn't之后，后面的动词一定要用原形！因为did已经表示过去，后面的动词不再变化。 例句： 我昨天没看电影。 I did not watch a movie yesterday. 也可以说 I didn't watch. 她上周没买车。 She did not buy a car last week. 也可以说 She didn't buy. 我们没离开。 We did not leave. 也可以说 We didn't leave. 他没去美国。 He did not go to America. 也可以说 He didn't go. 他们昨天没打篮球。 They did not play basketball yesterday. 也可以说 They didn't play. 我没吃早饭。 I didn't eat breakfast. 她没给我打电话。 She didn't call me. 实义动词的一般疑问句结构 结构：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答： No, 主语 + didn't. 重要提醒： 疑问句中用了Did之后，后面的动词一定要用原形！ 例句： Did you watch a movie yesterday? 你昨天看电影了吗？ Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. Did she buy a car last week? 她上周买车了吗？ Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. Did they play basketball yesterday? 他们昨天打篮球了吗？ Yes, they did. / No, they didn't. Did he go to America? 他去美国了吗？ Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. Did you eat breakfast? 你吃早饭了吗？ Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. 实义动词的特殊疑问句结构 结构：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 常用疑问词：What, Where, When, Why, How, Who 例句： What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么？ I watched a movie. 我看了一部电影。 Where did she go last week? 她上周去了哪里？ She went to Beijing. 她去了北京。 When did they arrive? 他们什么时候到的？ They arrived at 8 o'clock. 他们八点到的。 Why did he leave early? 他为什么早离开？ Because he was tired. 因为他累了。 How did you get there? 你怎么去那里的？ I took the bus. 我坐公交车去的。 Who did you meet? 你遇见了谁？ I met my friend. 我遇见了我的朋友。 What time did you get up? 你几点起床的？ I got up at 7 o'clock. 我七点起床的。 五、一般过去时的特殊用法 used to do 过去常常 used to + 动词原形 表示过去经常做但现在不做的习惯，或者过去存在的状态但现在已不存在。 肯定句： 我以前抽烟。 I used to smoke. 她以前很瘦。 She used to be thin. 我们以前住在那条街上。 We used to live on that street. 他以前是个老师。 He used to be a teacher. 否定句： 我以前不抽烟。 I didn't use to smoke. 她以前不瘦。 She didn't use to be thin. 疑问句： 你以前抽烟吗？ Did you use to smoke? 例句对比： 我以前每天跑步。 I used to run every day. 这句话的意思是现在不跑了。 我昨天跑了步。 I ran yesterday. 这句话的意思是只是昨天跑了，现在可能还跑。 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时强调动作发生在过去的具体时间，与现在无关。现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果，或者表示经历。 一般过去时常搭配yesterday, last week, ago等具体时间词。现在完成时常搭配already, ever, never, just等词。 例句对比： 我去过日本是在去年。 I went to Japan last year. 这句话强调去年这个具体时间。 我去过日本。 I have been to Japan. 这句话强调经历，不强调时间。 一般过去时的时间状语位置 时间状语可以放在句末，也可以放在句首。 放在句末： 我昨天见到了他。 I saw him yesterday. 放在句首： 昨天我见到了他。 Yesterday, I saw him. 第二部分： 一、单项选择 1. My sister ________ a new bicycle for her birthday last week. A. get B. gets C. got 2. We ________ to the museum yesterday, but it was closed. A. go B. went C. goes 3. —________ you at home last night? —No, I ________ out with my friends. A. Were; was B. Was; were C. Did; went 4. The children ________ very tired after the long walk. A. was B. were C. is 5. I ________ my grandmother last weekend. She was happy to see me. A. visit B. visited C. visits 6. She ________ any breakfast this morning because she was in a hurry. A. didn't have B. doesn't have C. wasn't have 7. —What time ________ you ________ up this morning? —At 6:30. A. did; get B. do; get C. were; get 8. They ________ to the park because it rained heavily. A. don't go B. didn't go C. wasn't go 9. He ________ a new phone two days ago. It cost him a lot. A. buy B. bought C. buys 10. —________ you see the basketball game last night? —Yes, it was exciting. A. Did B. Were C. Was 11. My parents ________ at home yesterday evening. They went to a party. A. wasn't B. weren't C. didn't 12. She ________ a letter to her friend last night. A. write B. wrote C. writes 13. We ________ a great time at the beach last summer. A. have B. had C. has 14. —Where ________ you born? —I ________ born in a small town. A. were; was B. was; were C. are; am 15. He ________ his keys yesterday and couldn't find them anywhere. A. lose B. lost C. loses 16. The movie ________ very interesting. We all enjoyed it. A. is B. was C. were 17. They ________ football when it started to rain. A. play B. played C. plays 18. I ________ my homework an hour ago. Now I'm watching TV. A. finish B. finished C. finishes 19. —________ she go to the party last Friday? —No, she ________. A. Did; didn't B. Was; wasn't C. Did; wasn't 20. We ________ very happy when we heard the good news. A. is B. was C. were 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I ________ (see) an old friend in the street yesterday. 2. She ________ (not go) to school last week because she was ill. 3. ________ you ________ (watch) the football match last night? 4. They ________ (be) very busy last month. 5. He ________ (buy) a gift for his mother on Mother's Day. 6. We ________ (not have) time to visit the museum yesterday. 7. When ________ you ________ (come) back from your trip? 8. She ________ (read) an interesting book last weekend. 9. The children ________ (play) in the park all afternoon yesterday. 10. I ________ (not eat) anything for breakfast this morning. 11. ________ she ________ (finish) her homework last night? 12. They ________ (be) late for the meeting yesterday morning. 13. He ________ (take) a lot of photos during his trip to Beijing. 14. We ________ (not know) the answer to that question. 15. ________ you ________ (meet) him at the party last Saturday? 16. She ________ (begin) to learn English when she was six. 17. The weather ________ (be) beautiful yesterday. 18. They ________ (build) this bridge ten years ago. 19. I ________ (not see) him at the supermarket yesterday. 20. ________ they ________ (visit) the museum last Sunday? 三、句型转换 1. I visited my grandparents last weekend. 改为否定句 I ________ ________ my grandparents last weekend. 2. She was at the library yesterday afternoon. 改为一般疑问句 ________ she at the library yesterday afternoon? 3. They bought a new house last year. 改为一般疑问句 ________ they ________ a new house last year? 4. He went to Beijing on vacation. 对划线部分提问 ________ ________ he ________ on vacation? 5. We were very tired after the game. 改为否定句 We ________ ________ very tired after the game. 6. She finished her work at 6 o'clock. 改为一般疑问句 ________ she ________ her work at 6 o'clock? 7. They played basketball on the playground. 对划线部分提问 ________ ________ they ________ basketball? 8. I was born in Shanghai. 对划线部分提问 ________ ________ you born? 9. He did his homework yesterday evening. 改为否定句 He ________ ________ his homework yesterday evening. 10. She met her friend at the cafe. 对划线部分提问 ________ ________ she ________ at the cafe? 四、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last Sunday, I ___1___ a very special day. I ___2___ up early in the morning because my family and I ___3___ going to the beach. The weather ___4___ sunny and warm. We ___5___ sandwiches, fruits, and drinks for our picnic. When we ___6___ at the beach, we ___7___ a nice place near the water. My brother and I ___8___ swimming in the sea. The water ___9___ cool and refreshing. My parents ___10___ on the sand and ___11___ books. At noon, we ___12___ our picnic lunch. The sandwiches ___13___ delicious. After lunch, we ___14___ a walk along the beach and ___15___ some beautiful seashells. We also ___16___ some photos to remember the day. In the afternoon, we ___17___ some ice cream. It ___18___ really good. We ___19___ home at about 5 o'clock. We ___20___ very tired but happy. It was a wonderful day! 1. A. have B. had C. has 2. A. get B. got C. gets 3. A. are B. were C. was 4. A. is B. was C. were 5. A. prepare B. prepared C. prepares 6. A. arrive B. arrived C. arrives 7. A. find B. found C. finds 8. A. go B. went C. goes 9. A. is B. was C. were 10. A. sit B. sat C. sits 11. A. read B. reads C. reading 12. A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. enjoys 13. A. are B. was C. were 14. A. take B. took C. takes 15. A. collect B. collected C. collects 16. A. take B. took C. takes 17. A. have B. had C. has 18. A. is B. was C. were 19. A. go B. went C. goes 20. A. are B. were C. was 五、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断句子正误，正确的写T，错误的写F。 Last summer, my family and I went to Beijing for a vacation. We stayed there for five days. It was an amazing trip! On the first day, we visited the Great Wall. It was very long and beautiful. We took many photos there. The weather was sunny but not too hot. On the second day, we went to the Forbidden City. It was huge! We learned a lot about Chinese history there. My little brother was very interested in the ancient buildings. On the third day, we visited the Summer Palace. We took a boat ride on the lake. The scenery was breathtaking. We also saw many fish in the water. On the fourth day, we went to the Beijing Zoo. We saw pandas, tigers, elephants, and many other animals. The pandas were so cute! They were eating bamboo and sleeping. On the last day, we did some shopping. I bought some gifts for my friends. We also ate Beijing duck. It was delicious! We really enjoyed our trip to Beijing. We hope to go there again someday. 1. The family stayed in Beijing for four days. ______ 2. They visited the Great Wall on the first day. ______ 3. The weather was rainy when they visited the Great Wall. ______ 4. The Forbidden City was small. ______ 5. They took a boat ride on the lake at the Summer Palace. ______ 6. They saw pandas at the Beijing Zoo. ______ 7. The pandas were playing games. ______ 8. They did some shopping on the last day. ______ 9. They ate Beijing duck and it was delicious. ______ 10. They didn't enjoy their trip to Beijing. ______ 第三部分：参考答案与详细解析 一、单项选择答案与解析 1. C last week提示过去时间，get的过去式是got。 2. B yesterday提示过去时间，go的过去式是went。 3. A last night提示过去时间，问句you用Were，答句I用was。 4. B 描述过去的状态，主语children是复数，用were。 5. B last weekend提示过去时间，visit的过去式是visited。 6. A this morning提示过去时间，否定用didn't have。 7. A this morning提示过去时间，疑问句用did get。 8. B 过去时间，否定用didn't go。 9. B two days ago提示过去时间，buy的过去式是bought。 10. A last night提示过去时间，疑问句用Did。 11. B yesterday evening提示过去时间，主语parents是复数，否定用weren't。 12. B last night提示过去时间，write的过去式是wrote。 13. B last summer提示过去时间，have的过去式是had。 14. A 询问出生日期，问句you用were，答句I用was。 15. B yesterday提示过去时间，lose的过去式是lost。 16. B 描述过去的状态，主语movie是单数，用was。 17. B 描述过去的动作，用played。 18. B an hour ago提示过去时间，finish的过去式是finished。 19. A last Friday提示过去时间，疑问句用Did，否定回答用didn't。 20. C 描述过去的状态，主语we是复数，用were。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空答案与解析 1. saw yesterday提示过去时间，see的过去式是saw。 2. didn't go last week提示过去时间，否定用didn't go。 3. Did / watch last night提示过去时间，疑问句用Did watch。 4. were last month提示过去时间，主语they用were。 5. bought on Mother's Day提示过去时间，buy的过去式是bought。 6. didn't have yesterday提示过去时间，否定用didn't have。 7. did / come 询问过去的动作。 8. read last weekend提示过去时间，read的过去式是read。 9. played yesterday提示过去时间，用played。 10. didn't eat this morning提示过去时间，否定用didn't eat。 11. Did / finish last night提示过去时间，疑问句用Did finish。 12. were yesterday morning提示过去时间，主语they用were。 13. took 描述过去的动作，take的过去式是took。 14. didn't know 描述过去的状态，否定用didn't know。 15. Did / meet last Saturday提示过去时间，疑问句用Did meet。 16. began when she was six提示过去时间，begin的过去式是began。 17. was yesterday提示过去时间，主语weather用was。 18. built ten years ago提示过去时间，build的过去式是built。 19. didn't see yesterday提示过去时间，否定用didn't see。 20. Did / visit last Sunday提示过去时间，疑问句用Did visit。 三、句型转换答案与解析 1. didn't visit 肯定句改否定，用didn't加动词原形。 2. Was 肯定句改一般疑问句，将was提至句首。 3. Did / buy 实义动词的一般疑问句，用Did加主语加动词原形。 4. Where did / go 对to Beijing提问，用Where did he go。 5. were not 肯定句改否定，在were后加not。 6. Did / finish 实义动词的一般疑问句。 7. Where did / play 对on the playground提问，用Where did they play。 8. Where were 对in Shanghai提问，用Where were you。 9. didn't do 肯定句改否定，用didn't加动词原形。 10. Who did / meet 对her friend提问，用Who did she meet。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子答案与解析 1. met yesterday提示过去时间，meet的过去式是met。 2. bought last week提示过去时间，buy的过去式是bought。 3. Were last night提示过去时间，主语you用Were。 4. didn't / was 过去时否定用didn't，busy用was。 5. did / get yesterday提示过去时间。 6. moved / ago three years ago意思是三年前。 7. went / last last summer意思是去年夏天。 8. didn't come yesterday提示过去时间。 9. did / do last weekend提示过去时间。 10. was 描述过去的状态。 五、完形填空答案 1. B (had) 2. B (got) 3. B (were) 4. B (was) 5. B (prepared) 6. B (arrived) 7. B (found) 8. B (went) 9. B (was) 10. B (sat) 11. A (read) 12. B (enjoyed) 13. C (were) 14. B (took) 15. B (collected) 16. B (took) 17. B (had) 18. B (was) 19. B (went) 20. B (were) 六、阅读理解答案 1. F (他们待了五天) 2. T (第一天去了长城) 3. F (天气是晴朗的) 4. F (故宫很大) 5. T (在颐和园坐了船) 6. T (在北京动物园看到了熊猫) 7. F (熊猫 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $