688高考高频核心词汇+考点讲解+单句语法填空（578-612）导学案-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

688高考高频核心词汇+考点讲解+单句语法填空（578-612） 578 summarize [ˈsʌməraɪz] v. 概述 例句：Please summarize the main points of the passage in 50 words. 考点1：常见搭配：summarize the text（概述课文）；summarize the results（总结结果）。 考点2：派生词：summary (n. 摘要；概述)；summarized (adj. 总结性的)。 单句语法填空： 1. He spent five minutes ______ (summarize) the key findings of the research. 2. Write a brief ______ (summarize) of the novel after reading it. 579 superior [suːˈpɪəriə(r)] adj. 上层的，较高的(to) 例句：This material is superior to plastic in durability and environmental protection. 考点1：核心搭配：be superior to...（优于……；比……高级），无比较级形式。 考点2：派生词与反义词：superiority (n. 优越性)；inferior (adj. 劣等的；下级的)。 单句语法填空： 1. The new model is far superior ______ the old one in performance. 2. The team demonstrated its ______ (superior) over the competitors in the final match. 580 surgery [ˈsɜːdʒəri] n. 外科手术 例句：The doctor recommended surgery to treat his knee injury. 考点1：常见搭配：have surgery（做手术）；plastic surgery（整形手术）；heart surgery（心脏手术）。 考点2：派生词：surgeon (n. 外科医生)；surgical (adj. 外科的；手术的)。 单句语法填空： 1. She is recovering well after the ______ (surgery) on her shoulder. 2. The ______ (surgeon) performed the operation with great care. 581 thoroughly [ˈθʌrəli] adv. 彻底地 例句：We must clean the classroom thoroughly before the inspection tomorrow. 考点1：常见搭配：thoroughly understand（彻底理解）；thoroughly check（全面检查）。 考点2：派生词：thorough (adj. 彻底的；全面的)；thoroughness (n. 彻底性)。 单句语法填空： 1. The police investigated the case ______ (thorough) to find the truth. 2. His ______ (thorough) preparation for the exam helped him get full marks. 582 trail [treɪl] n. 小径 例句：We followed a narrow trail through the forest to reach the mountain top. 考点1：常见搭配：hiking trail（徒步小径）；blaze a trail（开辟道路；开创先河）；trail behind（落后于）。 考点2：词性拓展：v. 拖；跟踪；落后。 单句语法填空： 1. The hikers got lost on the mountain ______ (trail) in the fog. 2. The child trailed ______ his mother, holding her hand tightly. 583 tremble [ˈtrembl] v. 发抖 例句：She began to tremble with cold when she stood in the snow for ten minutes. 考点1：常见搭配：tremble with fear/cold/anger（因恐惧/寒冷/愤怒而发抖）；tremble at the thought of（一想到……就发抖）。 考点2：近义词：shake / shiver；派生词：trembling (adj. 发抖的)。 单句语法填空： 1. His voice ______ (tremble) as he announced the bad news. 2. The little girl was trembling ______ fear when she saw the big dog. 584 format [ˈfɔːmæt] n. 板式；v. 设计 例句：Please adjust the format of the report to meet the company's requirements. 考点1：常见搭配：file format（文件格式）；page format（页面版式）；format a document（设计文档格式）。 考点2：派生词：formatted (adj. 格式化的)；formatting (n. 格式化；版式设计)。 单句语法填空： 1. The essay must be ______ (format) in double spacing and 12-point font. 2. The ______ (format) of the presentation was simple but clear. 585 fundamental [ˌfʌndəˈmentl] adj. 基本的；n. 基础 例句：Respect for others is a fundamental principle of social communication. 考点1：常见搭配：fundamental change（根本性变化）；fundamental to...（对……至关重要）；the fundamentals of...（……的基础/基本原则）。 考点2：派生词：fundamentally (adv. 根本地；从根本上)。 单句语法填空： 1. Education is fundamental ______ the development of a country. 2. We must master the ______ (fundamental) of mathematics before learning advanced theories. 586 anonymous [əˈnɒnɪməs] adj. 匿名的 例句：An anonymous donor gave a large sum of money to the children's hospital. 考点1：常见搭配：anonymous letter（匿名信）；anonymous call（匿名电话）；remain anonymous（保持匿名）。 考点2：派生词：anonymity (n. 匿名；匿名状态)。 单句语法填空： 1. The survey was conducted to allow respondents to remain ______ (anonymous). 2. She chose to donate the money under an ______ (anonymous) name. 587 appetite [ˈæpətaɪt] n. 食欲(for)，嗜好 例句：The hot weather has reduced my appetite, so I don't feel like eating much. 考点1：常见搭配：have a good/bad appetite（胃口好/差）；appetite for...（对……的渴望/嗜好）；lose one's appetite（失去食欲）。 考点2：派生词：appetizing (adj. 开胃的；诱人的)。 单句语法填空： 1. He has a strong appetite ______ adventure and enjoys traveling to remote places. 2. The delicious smell of food made everyone's ______ (appetite) come back. 588 arouse [əˈraʊz] v. 引起 例句：The strange noise in the basement aroused our curiosity. 考点1：常见搭配：arouse interest/curiosity/suspicion（引起兴趣/好奇心/怀疑）；arouse public attention（引起公众关注）。 考点2：近义词：awaken / raise；派生词：aroused (adj. 被唤起的)。 单句语法填空： 1. Her speech aroused great ______ (enthusiastic) among the students. 2. The incident aroused the public's concern ______ environmental protection. 589 awful [ˈɔːfl] adj. 糟糕的 例句：We had an awful experience at the restaurant—the food was cold and the service was rude. 考点1：常见搭配：awful weather（糟糕的天气）；awful mistake（严重的错误）；feel awful（感觉很糟糕）。 考点2：派生词：awfully (adv. 非常；极其)。 单句语法填空： 1. I feel ______ (awful) about forgetting your birthday. 2. The traffic was ______ (awful) heavy this morning, so I was late for work. 590 vain [veɪn] adj. 徒劳的(in ~ 徒劳无功) 例句：All their efforts to save the old tree were in vain. 考点1：核心搭配：in vain（徒劳地；白费力气）；make a vain attempt（做徒劳的尝试）。 考点2：派生词：vanity (n. 虚荣；自负)；vainly (adv. 徒劳地)。 单句语法填空： 1. He tried in vain ______ (persuade) her to change her mind. 2. Her ______ (vain) made her care too much about what others thought of her. 591 restless [ˈrestləs] adj. 不安的 例句：The children grew restless after sitting in the classroom for two hours. 考点1：常见搭配：restless night（不眠之夜）；feel restless（感到焦躁不安）；restless energy（充沛而躁动的精力）。 考点2：派生词与词根：restlessly (adv. 焦躁地)；rest (n. 休息；v. 休息)。 单句语法填空： 1. He paced ______ (restless) back and forth in the waiting room. 2. The ______ (restless) of the crowd grew as they waited for the bus. 592 reverse [rɪˈvɜːs] v. 逆转；adj. 相反的 例句：The government took measures to reverse the economic decline. 考点1：常见搭配：reverse the decision（撤销决定）；in reverse order（以相反的顺序）；reverse the trend（扭转趋势）。 考点2：派生词：reversal (n. 逆转；反转)。 单句语法填空： 1. Please read the sentences in ______ (reverse) order. 2. The new policy helped reverse the ______ (decline) of the local industry. 593 moderate [ˈmɒdərət] adj. 适度的 例句：Exercise and a moderate diet are key to keeping healthy. 考点1：常见搭配：moderate temperature（温和的气温）；moderate speed（适中的速度）；moderate exercise（适度运动）。 考点2：派生词：moderately (adv. 适度地；温和地)；moderation (n. 适度；节制)。 单句语法填空： 1. You should drink alcohol in ______ (moderate) to protect your health. 2. The wind was blowing ______ (moderate), making it perfect for sailing. 594 offence [əˈfens] n. 冒犯，犯罪 例句：He apologized for causing any offence to the guests with his rude words. 考点1：常见搭配：commit an offence（犯罪；违法）；take offence at...（因……而生气/冒犯）；criminal offence（刑事犯罪）。 考点2：派生词与美式拼写：offensive (adj. 冒犯的；进攻性的)；美式拼写为offense。 单句语法填空： 1. Taking drugs is a serious criminal ______ (offence). 2. She took offence ______ his comments about her appearance. 595 delicate [ˈdelɪkət] adj. 脆弱的，精细的 例句：Be careful with the delicate glassware when you pack the boxes. 考点1：常见搭配：delicate flowers（娇嫩的花朵）；delicate balance（微妙的平衡）；delicate work（精细的工作）。 考点2：派生词：delicately (adv. 精细地；脆弱地)。 单句语法填空： 1. The artist painted with a ______ (delicate) brush to create fine details. 2. We must maintain a delicate balance ______ freedom and responsibility. 596 wag [wæɡ] v. (狗)摇摆(尾巴)；n. 摇摆 例句：The dog wagged its tail happily when it saw its owner. 考点1：常见搭配：wag one's tail（摇尾巴）；wag one's head（摇头）。 考点2：词形变化：过去式/过去分词：wagged；现在分词：wagging。 单句语法填空： 1. The little dog sat there, ______ (wag) its tail at the passers-by. 2. The ______ (wag) of the dog's tail shows that it is friendly. 597 breakthrough [ˈbreɪkθruː] n. 突破 例句：Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. 考点1：常见搭配：make a breakthrough（取得突破）；technological breakthrough（技术突破）；breakthrough in...（在……方面的突破）。 考点2：构词法：break (打破) + through (穿过) → 突破。 单句语法填空： 1. This discovery is a significant ______ (breakthrough) in medical science. 2. Researchers are striving to make a breakthrough ______ the development of new energy. 598 reluctant [rɪˈlʌktənt] adj. 不情愿的，勉强的 例句：She was reluctant to accept the help because she wanted to do it herself. 考点1：常见搭配：be reluctant to do sth.（不情愿做某事）；reluctant agreement（勉强的同意）。 考点2：派生词：reluctantly (adv. 不情愿地)；reluctance (n. 不情愿；勉强)。 单句语法填空： 1. He nodded his head with ______ (reluctant), agreeing to the plan. 2. The child was reluctant ______ (leave) his toys and go to bed. 599 accent [ˈæksent] n. 口音，重音 例句：She speaks English with a strong British accent. 考点1：常见搭配：British/American accent（英/美式口音）；put the accent on...（强调……；把重音放在……上）。 考点2：易混词：dialect（方言）；tone（语气）。 单句语法填空： 1. You should put the accent ______ the second syllable of this word. 2. His foreign ______ (accent) didn't stop him from communicating with others fluently. 600 adequate [ˈædɪkwət] adj. 足够的 例句：The food and water are adequate for the team to survive for three days. 考点1：常见搭配：be adequate for...（足够……；适合……）；adequate supply（充足的供应）；adequate to do sth.（足以做某事）。 考点2：派生词与近义词：adequately (adv. 足够地)；sufficient / enough。 单句语法填空： 1. We need to provide adequate ______ (prepare) for the upcoming exam. 2. The salary is not adequate ______ support his large family. 601 pavement [ˈpeɪvmənt] n. 人行道 例句：Please walk on the pavement and not on the road for safety. 考点1：常见搭配：on the pavement（在人行道上）；pavement artist（街头画家）。 考点2：美式表达：sidewalk（人行道）。 单句语法填空： 1. The workers are repairing the ______ (pavement) in the downtown area. 2. A little girl dropped her doll on the pavement while walking ______ her mother. 602 prejudice [ˈpredʒudɪs] n. 偏见 例句：We should overcome prejudice and treat everyone equally. 考点1：常见搭配：have a prejudice against...（对……有偏见）；prejudice against/for...（对……的偏见）；overcome prejudice（克服偏见）。 考点2：派生词：prejudiced (adj. 有偏见的)。 单句语法填空： 1. He has a deep prejudice ______ people from different cultural backgrounds. 2. It is wrong to be ______ (prejudice) against others because of their appearance. 603 prosperity [prɒˈsperəti] n. 繁荣，兴旺 例句：Hard work and innovation are the keys to a country's prosperity. 考点1：常见搭配：economic prosperity（经济繁荣）；common prosperity（共同富裕）；bring prosperity to...（给……带来繁荣）。 考点2：派生词：prosper (v. 繁荣；兴旺)；prosperous (adj. 繁荣的；富裕的)。 单句语法填空： 1. The city has become increasingly ______ (prosper) in the past ten years. 2. The new policies have brought prosperity ______ the rural areas. 604 resemble [rɪˈzembl] v. 与…相似 例句：She resembles her mother very much in appearance and personality. 考点1：用法特点：及物动词，直接接宾语，不加介词；不用于进行时。 考点2：派生词：resemblance (n. 相似；相似之处)。 单句语法填空： 1. The boy bears a striking resemblance ______ his father. 2. This plant resembles grass, but it is actually a kind of weed. (无需变形，填空处设为：The plant ______ (resemble) grass so much that it's hard to tell them apart.) 605 resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn] n. 解决，决心 例句：She made a New Year's resolution to exercise every day. 考点1：常见搭配：make a resolution（下定决心）；resolution of the conflict（冲突的解决）；keep/break a resolution（遵守/违背决心）。 考点2：派生词：resolve (v. 解决；决心)。 单句语法填空： 1. The resolution ______ the dispute was welcomed by both sides. 2. He resolved ______ (give) up smoking after suffering from a cough. 606 mature [məˈtʃʊə] adj. 成熟的 例句：Although he is young, he has a very mature attitude towards work. 考点1：常见搭配：mature market（成熟市场）；mature person（成熟的人）；mature into...（成长为……）。 考点2：派生词：maturity (n. 成熟)；maturely (adv. 成熟地)。 单句语法填空： 1. The apples will take two more weeks to become fully ______ (mature). 2. His ______ (mature) beyond his years impressed the interviewers. 607 latter [ˈlætə] adj. 后者的 例句：Of the two plans, the former is risky, while the latter is more practical. 考点1：核心搭配：the former... the latter...（前者……后者……），用于指代前文提到的两个事物。 考点2：易混词：later（后来；更晚的）；latest（最新的）。 单句语法填空： 1. I prefer tea to coffee; the ______ (latter) is too bitter for me. 2. He mentioned two books, and I chose the ______ (latter) one to read first. 608 lean [liːn] v. 倚，倾斜 例句：He leaned against the wall and took a deep breath. 考点1：常见搭配：lean against/on...（倚靠在……上）；lean forward/backward（向前/后倾）；lean towards...（倾向于……）。 考点2：词形变化：过去式/过去分词：leaned/leant；现在分词：leaning。 单句语法填空： 1. She leaned ______ the table to look at the map carefully. 2. The tree ______ (lean) to one side because of the strong wind. 609 compound [ˈkɒmpaʊnd] n. 化合物 例句：Water is a compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen. 考点1：常见搭配：chemical compound（化合物）；organic compound（有机化合物）；inorganic compound（无机化合物）。 考点2：词性拓展：v. [kəmˈpaʊnd] 使恶化；混合；adj. 复合的。 单句语法填空： 1. This chemical ______ (compound) is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. 2. The heavy rain compounded the ______ (difficult) of the rescue work. 610 tolerate [ˈtɒləreɪt] v. 容忍，忍受 例句：We should learn to tolerate different opinions and respect diversity. 考点1：常见搭配：tolerate sb. doing sth.（容忍某人做某事）；tolerate noise/pain（忍受噪音/疼痛）。 考点2：派生词：tolerance (n. 容忍；宽容)；tolerant (adj. 宽容的；容忍的)。 单句语法填空： 1. She has no tolerance ______ people who are late for meetings. 2. We should be tolerant ______ the differences between cultures. 611 transmission [trænsˈmɪʃn] n. 传输 例句：The transmission of information via the internet is very fast now. 考点1：常见搭配：transmission of information（信息传输）；power transmission（电力传输）；virus transmission（病毒传播）。 考点2：派生词：transmit (v. 传输；传播；发送)。 单句语法填空： 1. The ______ (transmit) of the signal was interrupted by the storm. 2. This device is used for the transmission ______ data between computers. 612 approximately [əˈprɒksɪmətli] adv. 大约地，近似地 例句：The project will take approximately three months to complete. 考点1：常见搭配：approximately 100 people（大约100人）；approximately 5 kilometers（大约5公里）。 考点2：派生词与近义词：approximate (adj. 近似的；v. 近似)；about / roughly / around。 单句语法填空： 1. The cost of the trip is approximately ______ (two) thousand yuan per person. 2. The ______ (approximate) number of participants is 500. 参考答案 1. summarizing; summary 2. to; superiority 3. surgery; surgeon 4. thoroughly; thorough 5. trail; behind 6. trembled; with 7. formatted; format 8. to; fundamentals 9. anonymous; anonymous 10. for; appetite 11. enthusiasm; for 12. awful; awfully 13. to persuade; vanity 14. restlessly; restlessness 15. reverse; decline 16. moderation; moderately 17. offence; at 18. delicate; between 19. wagging; wag 20. breakthrough; in 21. reluctance; to leave 22. on; accent 23. preparation; to 24. pavement; with 25. against; prejudiced 26. prosperous; to 27. to; resembles 28. of; to give 29. mature; maturity 30. latter; latter 31. over/on; leaned/leant 32. compound; difficulty 33. for; of 34. transmission; of 35. two; approximate | 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $