688高考高频核心词汇+考点讲解+单句语法填空（473--507）导学案-2026届高三英语一轮复习专项

688高考高频核心词汇+考点讲解+单句语法填空（473-507) 473 rough [rʌf] adj. 粗糙的，艰难的 例句：The surface of the wooden table is rough and needs to be polished. 考点1：常见搭配：rough weather（恶劣天气）；rough road（崎岖的道路）；in the rough（未加工的；大体上）。 考点2：派生词：roughly (adv. 粗略地；大约)；roughness (n. 粗糙；艰难)。 单句语法填空： 1. The project is still in the ______ (rough) stage and needs further improvement. 2. It took us ______ (rough) two hours to finish the homework. 474 honorable [ˈɒnərəbl] adj. 光荣的 例句：It is an honorable task to serve the country and its people. 考点1：常见搭配：honorable mention（优秀奖）；honorable duty（光荣的职责）。 考点2：派生词与变形：honor (n. 荣誉 / v. 尊敬)；honorary (adj. 荣誉的)。 单句语法填空： 1. He was awarded a medal for his ______ (honor) service in the army. 2. We should treat every person with ______ (honorable) and respect. 475 illegal [ɪˈliːɡl] adj. 非法的 例句：It is illegal to drive a car without a valid driver's license. 考点1：常见搭配：illegal trade（非法交易）；illegal immigration（非法移民）。 考点2：派生词与反义词：illegally (adv. 非法地)；legal (adj. 合法的)。 单句语法填空： 1. The company was fined for engaging in ______ (legal) business activities. 2. They were arrested for entering the country ______ (illegal). 476 negotiate [nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt] v. 协商(with) 例句：The two companies are negotiating with each other to reach a cooperation agreement. 考点1：常见搭配：negotiate with sb. about/over sth.（就某事与某人协商）；negotiate a deal（达成协议）。 考点2：派生词：negotiation (n. 协商；谈判)；negotiator (n. 谈判者)。 单句语法填空： 1. The workers are negotiating ______ the management for higher salaries. 2. After several rounds of ______ (negotiate), the conflict was finally resolved. 477 vivid [ˈvɪvɪd] adj. 生动的 例句：The writer used vivid descriptions to make the story come alive. 考点1：常见搭配：vivid imagination（丰富的想象力）；vivid memory（清晰的记忆）；vivid color（鲜艳的颜色）。 考点2：派生词：vividly (adv. 生动地；清晰地)；vividness (n. 生动；鲜明)。 单句语法填空： 1. She can still remember the event ______ (vivid) as if it happened yesterday. 2. The painting is full of ______ (vivid) colors that attract many visitors. 478 scan [skæn] v. 扫描，浏览 例句：He scanned the newspaper quickly to find the sports news. 考点1：常见搭配：scan a document（扫描文件）；scan through（快速浏览）。 考点2：词形变化：过去式/过去分词：scanned；现在分词：scanning。 单句语法填空： 1. Please ______ (scan) the QR code to pay for the ticket. 2. She scanned ______ the report to get the main idea before the meeting. 479 sculpture [ˈskʌlptʃə] n. 雕塑 例句：The marble sculpture in the square is a gift from a foreign artist. 考点1：常见搭配：stone sculpture（石雕）；modern sculpture（现代雕塑）。 考点2：派生词：sculpt (v. 雕刻)；sculptor (n. 雕刻家)。 单句语法填空： 1. The ______ (sculpt) spent ten years creating this masterpiece. 2. This gallery is famous for its collection of ancient ______ (sculpture). 480 selfish [ˈselfɪʃ] adj. 自私的 例句：It is selfish of him to take all the credit for the team's success. 考点1：常见搭配：selfish behavior（自私的行为）；be selfish about（对……自私）。 考点2：派生词与反义词：selfishly (adv. 自私地)；selfless (adj. 无私的)。 单句语法填空： 1. She was criticized for her ______ (selfish) decision to leave the team. 2. Unlike his brother, he is not selfish and always thinks of others ______ (selfish). 481 burden [ˈbɜːdn] n. 负担；v. 使……负重 例句：The heavy debt has become a huge burden on his family. 考点1：常见搭配：bear a burden（承担负担）；relieve sb. of a burden（减轻某人的负担）；burden sb. with sth.（使某人承担某事的负担）。 考点2：派生词：burdensome (adj. 繁重的；令人负担沉重的)。 单句语法填空： 1. Don't burden yourself ______ too much work; take it easy. 2. Caring for the sick elderly is a ______ (burden) task for the young couple. 482 absolute [ˈæbsəluːt] adj. 绝对的，完全的 例句：You have my absolute support in your new project. 考点1：常见搭配：absolute truth（绝对真理）；absolute silence（万籁俱寂）；absolute power（绝对权力）。 考点2：派生词：absolutely (adv. 绝对地；完全地)；absoluteness (n. 绝对性)。 单句语法填空： 1. I am ______ (absolute) sure that he will come to the party. 2. There is no ______ (absolute) standard for beauty; it is in the eye of the beholder. 483 accomplish [əˈkʌmplɪʃ] v. 实现，完成 例句：With hard work and determination, she accomplished her dream of becoming a doctor. 考点1：常见搭配：accomplish a goal（实现目标）；accomplish a task（完成任务）。 考点2：派生词：accomplishment (n. 成就；完成)；accomplished (adj. 有造诣的；熟练的)。 单句语法填空： 1. The team worked day and night to accomplish ______ (they) mission on time. 2. Her academic ______ (accomplish) have made her parents very proud. 484 accuse [əˈkjuːz] v. 控告(of)，指责 例句：He was accused of stealing money from the company. 考点1：核心搭配：accuse sb. of doing sth.（控告/指责某人做某事）。 考点2：派生词与近义词：accusation (n. 控告；指责)；charge (v. 控告，搭配为charge sb. with sth.)。 单句语法填空： 1. The suspect was accused ______ murder and taken to the police station. 2. She denied the ______ (accuse) that she had cheated in the exam. 485 administration [ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn] n. 管理，行政 例句：The school administration has made new rules for student safety. 考点1：常见搭配：school administration（学校行政部门）；public administration（公共管理）；administrative work（行政工作）。 考点2：派生词：administer (v. 管理；执行)；administrative (adj. 行政的；管理的)。 单句语法填空： 1. The company hired a specialist to ______ (administration) its financial affairs. 2. He works in the ______ (administer) department of a large hospital. 486 perception [pəˈsepʃn] n. 观念，洞察力 例句：People's perception of success varies from person to person. 考点1：常见搭配：change one's perception of（改变对……的看法）；perception of reality（对现实的认知）。 考点2：派生词：perceive (v. 感知；察觉；理解)；perceptive (adj. 有洞察力的)。 单句语法填空： 1. She is very ______ (perceive) and can always understand others' feelings. 2. His ______ (perceive) of the market trend helped the company make huge profits. 487 radiation [ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn] n. 辐射 例句：Excessive exposure to nuclear radiation is harmful to human health. 考点1：常见搭配：nuclear radiation（核辐射）；solar radiation（太阳辐射）；radiation protection（辐射防护）。 考点2：派生词：radiate (v. 辐射；散发)；radioactive (adj. 放射性的)。 单句语法填空： 1. The ______ (radiate) from the machine is within the safe range. 2. Workers in this factory must wear special suits to avoid ______ (radiate) damage. 488 reject [rɪˈdʒekt] v. 拒绝，排斥 例句：The university rejected his application because of his low test scores. 考点1：常见搭配：reject an offer（拒绝提议）；reject a plan（否决计划）；reject a candidate（淘汰候选人）。 考点2：派生词：rejection (n. 拒绝；否决)；rejective (adj. 排斥的)。 单句语法填空： 1. She was deeply hurt by the ______ (reject) of her manuscript by the publisher. 2. The patient's body rejected the transplanted organ, which was unexpected. 489 mild [maɪld] adj. 轻微的，温和的 例句：He has a mild fever and just needs to rest at home for a few days. 考点1：常见搭配：mild weather（温和的天气）；mild pain（轻微的疼痛）；mild manner（温和的态度）。 考点2：派生词：mildly (adv. 轻微地；温和地)；mildness (n. 温和；轻微)。 单句语法填空： 1. The teacher criticized him ______ (mild) for being late to class. 2. Compared with other regions, this area has a ______ (mild) climate all year round. 490 symptom [ˈsɪmptəm] n. 征兆，症状 例句：A cough and a fever are common symptoms of a cold. 考点1：常见搭配：symptom of a disease（疾病的症状）；early symptoms（早期征兆）。 考点2：派生词：symptomatic (adj. 有症状的；象征性的)。 单句语法填空： 1. If you have any of these ______ (symptom), you should see a doctor immediately. 2. The economic recession is a ______ (symptom) of deeper structural problems. 491 treasure [ˈtreʒə] n. 财富；v. 珍视 例句：We should treasure the time we spend with our family and friends. 考点1：常见搭配：buried treasure（埋藏的宝藏）；treasure one's memories（珍视回忆）；national treasure（国宝）。 考点2：派生词：treasured (adj. 珍贵的；被珍视的)；treasurer (n. 财务主管)。 单句语法填空： 1. This old photo album is one of my most ______ (treasure) possessions. 2. He spent his whole life searching for hidden ______ (treasure) on the island. 492 tuition [tjuˈɪʃn] n. 学费 例句：The tuition for international students at this university is very high. 考点1：常见搭配：tuition fee（学费）；pay tuition（支付学费）；tuition waiver（学费减免）。 考点2：易混词辨析：tuition 侧重“学费”；fee 侧重“费用（如报名费、手续费）”；fare 侧重“交通费用”。 单句语法填空： 1. She took a part-time job to pay for her college ______ (tuition). 2. The school offers scholarships to students who cannot afford the ______ (tuition) fees. 493 foster [ˈfɒstə] v. 培养；adj. 收养的 例句：Parents should foster their children's interest in reading from an early age. 考点1：常见搭配：foster a child（收养孩子）；foster creativity（培养创造力）；foster relations（促进关系）。 考点2：派生词：foster care（寄养）；foster parent（养父母）。 单句语法填空： 1. The government has taken measures to foster ______ (develop) of small businesses. 2. They are considering becoming ______ (foster) parents to help homeless children. 494 freezing [ˈfriːzɪŋ] adj. 冰冻的 例句：We had to wear thick coats because it was freezing outside. 考点1：常见搭配：freezing cold（极冷的）；freezing point（冰点）；freezing weather（严寒天气）。 考点2：派生词与词形变化：freeze (v. 结冰；冻结)；froze (过去式)；frozen (过去分词/adj. 冷冻的)。 单句语法填空： 1. The lake has ______ (freeze) over, so we can go ice-skating now. 2. Please put the meat in the ______ (freeze) compartment to keep it fresh. 495 annual [ˈænjuəl] adj. 每年的 例句：The company holds an annual meeting to summarize the past year's work. 考点1：常见搭配：annual report（年度报告）；annual income（年收入）；annual festival（一年一度的节日）。 考点2：派生词：annually (adv. 每年地)；annuality (n. 年度性)。 单句语法填空： 1. The event is held ______ (annual) in the capital city of the country. 2. We are required to submit an ______ (annually) report about our research progress. 496 antique [ænˈtiːk] adj. 古老的；n. 古董 例句：She bought a valuable antique vase at the flea market last weekend. 考点1：常见搭配：antique furniture（古董家具）；antique shop（古董店）；collect antiques（收藏古董）。 考点2：派生词：antiquity (n. 古代；古物)；antiqued (adj. 仿古的)。 单句语法填空： 1. This ______ (antique) clock has been in our family for over a hundred years. 2. The museum has a large collection of artifacts from ancient ______ (antique). 497 arise [əˈraɪz] v. 出现 例句：A new problem arose during the process of implementing the plan. 考点1：词形变化：过去式：arose；过去分词：arisen；现在分词：arising。 考点2：易混词辨析：arise (vi. 出现；产生，多接抽象名词)；rise (vi. 上升；升起)；raise (vt. 举起；筹集；养育)。 单句语法填空： 1. Difficulties have ______ (arise) that we did not expect at the beginning. 2. A heated debate arose ______ the new policy proposed by the government. 498 unemployment [ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt] n. 失业 例句：The government is trying to reduce the unemployment rate by creating more jobs. 考点1：常见搭配：unemployment rate（失业率）；unemployment benefit（失业救济金）；fight unemployment（应对失业问题）。 考点2：派生词与反义词：unemployed (adj. 失业的)；employ (v. 雇佣)；employment (n. 就业)。 单句语法填空： 1. Thousands of workers became ______ (employ) after the factory closed down. 2. The high level of ______ (employ) has become a major social problem. 499 gravity [ˈɡrævəti] n. 重力 例句：Gravity is the force that pulls objects towards the center of the Earth. 考点1：常见搭配：law of gravity（万有引力定律）；center of gravity（重心）。 考点2：派生词：gravitational (adj. 重力的；引力的)；gravitate (v. 受引力作用；被吸引)。 单句语法填空： 1. The ______ (gravity) pull between the Earth and the Moon causes the tides. 2. Objects fall to the ground because of the force of ______ (gravitational). 500 rural [ˈrʊərəl] adj. 农村的 例句：More and more young people are moving from rural areas to cities to find jobs. 考点1：常见搭配：rural area（农村地区）；rural development（农村发展）；rural life（乡村生活）。 考点2：反义词：urban（城市的）；派生词：rurally (adv. 农村地)。 单句语法填空： 1. The government has invested a lot of money in ______ (rural) infrastructure construction. 2. Compared with ______ (urban) life, rural life is more peaceful and quiet. 501 scare [skeə] v. 受惊吓 例句：The loud noise scared the birds away from the tree. 考点1：常见搭配：scare sb. to death（把某人吓得要死）；scare away/off（吓跑）；be scared of（害怕……）。 考点2：派生词：scared (adj. 害怕的)；scary (adj. 可怕的；吓人的)。 单句语法填空： 1. The horror movie was so ______ (scare) that she couldn't sleep at night. 2. He was scared ______ (go) out alone after the incident happened. 502 murder [ˈmɜːdə] n. 谋杀；v. 谋杀 例句：The police are investigating a murder case that happened last night. 考点1：常见搭配：commit murder（犯谋杀罪）；murder suspect（谋杀嫌疑人）；first-degree murder（一级谋杀）。 考点2：派生词：murderer (n. 凶手；谋杀犯)；murderous (adj. 蓄意谋杀的；凶残的)。 单句语法填空： 1. The ______ (murder) was sentenced to life imprisonment for his crime. 2. He was accused of ______ (murder) his business partner for money. 503 horizon [həˈraɪzn] n. 地平线 例句：The sun rose slowly above the horizon, painting the sky red. 考点1：常见搭配：on the horizon（即将发生的；在地平线上）；broaden one's horizons（开阔眼界）。 考点2：派生词：horizontal (adj. 水平的)。 单句语法填空： 1. Studying abroad can help students broaden ______ (they) horizons. 2. A new opportunity is on the ______ (horizon) for our company. 504 noble [ˈnəʊbl] adj. 高贵的，贵族的 例句：She has a noble heart and is always willing to help those in need. 考点1：常见搭配：noble family（贵族家庭）；noble spirit（高尚的精神）；noble gas（惰性气体）。 考点2：派生词：nobility (n. 贵族；高贵)；nobly (adv. 高尚地；勇敢地)。 单句语法填空： 1. His ______ (noble) of character won him the respect of everyone around him. 2. The knight fought ______ (noble) to protect his country and people. 505 desperate [ˈdespərət] adj. 绝望的 例句：The lost hiker was desperate for food and water after being stranded for three days. 考点1：常见搭配：be desperate for（迫切需要；渴望）；be desperate to do sth.（迫切想要做某事）；desperate situation（绝境）。 考点2：派生词：desperately (adv. 绝望地；拼命地)；desperation (n. 绝望)。 单句语法填空： 1. She looked at him ______ (desperate), hoping he could give her some help. 2. In her ______ (desperate), she turned to the police for assistance. 506 weaken [ˈwiːkən] v. 削弱 例句：Lack of sleep will weaken your immune system and make you ill easily. 考点1：常见搭配：weaken the economy（削弱经济）；weaken one's resolve（动摇某人的决心）；weaken the defense（削弱防御）。 考点2：词形变化：词根：weak (adj. 虚弱的；薄弱的)；派生词：weakness (n. 弱点；虚弱)。 单句语法填空： 1. The long illness has left him ______ (weak), and he needs to rest for a long time. 2. The heavy rain weakened the foundation of the house, making it dangerous to live in. 507 seize [siːz] v. 抓住 例句：He quickly seized the opportunity to study abroad when it came. 考点1：常见搭配：seize the opportunity（抓住机会）；seize control of（夺取控制权）；seize up（卡住；失灵）。 考点2：词形变化：过去式/过去分词：seized；现在分词：seizing。 单句语法填空： 1. You must seize every chance ______ (improve) your English skills. 2. The police seized a large amount of illegal drugs during the raid. 参考答案 1. rough; roughly 2. honorable; honor 3. illegal; illegally 4. with; negotiation 5. vividly; vivid 6. scan; through 7. sculptor; sculptures 8. selfish; unselfishly 9. with; burdensome 10. absolutely; absolute 11. their; accomplishments 12. of; accusation 13. administer; administrative 14. perceptive; perception 15. radiation; radiation 16. rejection; / 17. mildly; mild 18. symptoms; symptomatic 19. treasured; treasure 20. tuition; tuition 21. development; foster 22. frozen; freezing 23. annually; annual 24. antique; antiquity 25. arisen; over 26. unemployed; unemployment 27. gravitational; gravity 28. rural; urban 29. scary; to go 30. murderer; murdering 31. their; horizon 32. nobility; nobly 33. desperately; desperation 34. weak; / 35. to improve; / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $