内容正文:
新人教版八年级英语(下)
Unit1 Time to Relax
单元语法讲练
How do we spend your free time?
She likes to play the flute.
She plays it to relax.
She likes to swim.
She started swimming to get over her fear.
She likes to paint.
She saw her mother paint.
She decided to give it a go.
She likes to try ice skating.
Her instructor told her not to give up so easily.
Can you divide these sentences into 2 or 3 groups?
Work in groups
1.理解每句话中
to do /do的含义。
2.根据含义将句子分类。
She likes to play the flute.
She plays it to relax.
She likes to swim.
She started swimming to get over her fear.
She likes to paint.
She saw her mother paint.
She decided to give it a go.
She likes to try ice skating.
Her instructor told her not to give up so easily.
Can you divide these sentences into 2 or 3 groups?
Work in groups
1.理解每句话中
to do /do的含义。
2.根据含义将句子分类。
不定式做 宾语
不定式做 目的状语
不定式做 宾语补足语
1.什么是不定式?
不定式是看起来很像动词,却具有
等不同性质的词类,可以在句子里扮演“主语”“宾
语”“补语”的角色。
不定式?
名词
形容词
副词
2.不定式的形式
不定式之所以看起来像动词,是因为它一般是由to+动词原形组合而成的。
+
=
to
动词原形
不定式
例
I don’t want to go.
不定式
They like to stay here.
不定式
3.不定式的用法
1
做名词用
1.做句子的主语
例
To leave here is impossible.
To see her makes me nervous.
主语
主语
不定式做主语时,可视其为一个不可数名词,因此动词必须使用单数形式。
注
当不定式为句子的主语时,我们常会用it来代替不定式作为句子的“形式主语”(也就是假的主语),并把真正的主语(不定式)移到句子后面。
3.不定式的用法
1
做名词用
1.做句子的主语
注
it(形式主语) to do(真正的主语)
我是主语。
我才是真的主语。
例
To cheat is wrong.→
= It is wrong to cheat.
真正主语
形式主语
3.不定式的用法
1
做名词用
2.做动词的宾语
不定式可以接在动词后面,作为动词的宾语。
例
Peter wants to go.
You need to sleep.
to go(去)为动词want的宾语
to sleep(睡)为动词need的宾语
3.不定式的用法
2
做形容词用
一般形容词是放在名词前面:
She is a cute girl.
而不定式做形容词时,则是放在名词后面:
1.I have something to say.
2.The man needs a place to live.
to say(说)修饰前面的代词something
to live(住)修饰前面的名词a place
不定式也可以做形容词
3.不定式的用法
3
做副词用
1.不定式可以放在动词后,修饰动词,以表示动作的“目的”。
He sat down to rest.
They all go out to help.
2.不定式可以放在形容词后,修饰形容词
I am glad to see you .
We were excited to watch the game.
to rest(休息)修饰动词短语sit down,表示坐下来是为了休息
to rest(帮忙)修饰动词短语go out,表示出去是为了帮忙
to see you(见到你)修饰形容词glad,表示“见到你”是“高兴的”
to watch the game(观看比赛)修饰形容词excited,表示“看比赛”是“很兴奋的”
4a
Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive(不定式) in bold functions as
an object complement(宾语补足语) or adverbial(状语).
What do you do in your free time? I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend? I went to the sports centre to ice skate.
How did you get into painting? I saw my mother paint.
I decided to give it a go.
What did your instructor say? She told me not to give up so easily.
作目的状语
作目的状语
省略to的不定式
作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语
get into 开始做某事;进入
give it a go 试一试某事
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语法知识导图
动词不定式作目的状语和宾语补足语
动词不定式
作目的状语
动词不定式
作宾语补足语
→可位于句首,也可位于句尾
表示目的或意图,通常意为“为了.....”
(重点)
用于“命令、要求、允许”类动词后
用于“希望、期望”类动词后
用于使役动词和感官动词后(重点)
用于其他动词后
本单元重点讲动词不定式作目的状语和宾语补足语。
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The infinitive to do
Grammar
2)动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的功能,在句中可以作主语、
表语、宾语、宾语补足语(宾补)、定语、状语等。
e.g. To learn Chinese well is useful for us.(作________)
(= It’s useful for us to learn Chinese well.) 学好语文对我们有用。
(动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,将真正的主语不定式置于句尾。)
My task today is to help you with your homework.(作________)
我今天的工作是帮助你完成作业。
I decide to visit Changsha.(作_________)我决定去长沙旅游。
I heard him sing every morning.(作________)我每天听到他唱歌。
Would you like to have something to dink?(作定语)你想喝点什么吗?
I get up early to catch the carly bus.(作___________)
我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班公共汽车。
主语
表语
宾语
宾补
(目的)状语
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Grammar
考向1 动词不定式作目的状语
①动词不定式(短语)作目的状语时,通常意为“为了······”,用于说明
动作的目的或意图。
②动词不定式(短语)作目的状语时可放在句首,一般用逗号与后面
的内容隔开,也可放在句尾。
e.g. To get there on time, they started early. 为了准时赶到那儿,他们很早就出发了。
= They started early to get there on time.
特别提醒:表示目的也可用in order to和so as to,但so as to 通常
不位于句首。
e.g. He reads every day in order to/so as to improve writing skills.
为了提高写作技能,他每天阅读。
练习: (无锡中考)The children did a lot of research in the lab
__________ (finish) the science project.
to finish
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Grammar
拓展:动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语
动词不定式(短语)作状语往往表示目的、结果或原因等。
① 作目的状语
作目的状语的动词不定式可置于句首,也可置于句末,
可与 in order to do 互换。
注意:常用于to do、in order to do / so as to do等结构中, 表示“为了做”。
e.g. He came here to see me. 他来这儿是为了见我。
② 作结果状语
常用于too....to do sth.(太.......而不能做某事)、....enough to do sth.(足够......做某事)、so/such...as to do sth.(如此.......以至于做某事)等结构中。
e.g. He is too young _________(go) to school.
= He is not old enough to go to school. 他太小了,不能去读书。
to go
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Grammar
拓展:动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语
动词不定式(短语)作状语往往表示目的、结果或原因等。
③ 作原因状语
不定式作原因状语时往往跟在表示高兴、愉快、生气、荣耀、遗憾等情感形容词之后,说明产生这种情感的原因。常用于
be glad/sad/happy/sorry/pleased/surprised/disappointed/... to do sth.结构中。
e.g. I'm pleased to be invited to talk here.
我很高兴被邀请来这里谈话。
练习:我很开心带领你们参观公园。(show...around)
I’m very glad ___________________ the park.
to show you around
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Grammar
考向2 动词不定式作宾语补足语
用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态,通常用于某些动词之后,构成
“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。
①用于“命令、要求、允许”类动词后,如ask、tell、order、require、
allow、permit。
e.g. Sam asked me to help him. 萨姆让我帮助他。
The teacher always tells us not to swim in the river.
老师总是叮嘱我们不要在河里游泳。
②用于“希望、期望”类动词后,如want、wish、expect、would like。
e.g. Parents want their children to grow up healthily.
父母希望孩子健康成长。
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Grammar
③用于使役动词(如make、have、let等)和感官动词(如see、watch、
notice、hear、listen to、feel等)后时,动词不定式通常省略to。
e.g. Did you notice her leave the house?你注意到她离开屋子了吗?
I saw her get into the car. 我看见她上了车。
His parents let him sweep the floor. 他父母让他扫地
口诀:
一感 (feel)
二听 (hear, listen to)
三使 (have, make, let)
四看 (see, watch, notice, observe)
半帮助 (help) → 动词不定式(短语)在help后作宾语补足语时,
可带to也可不带to。
考向2 动词不定式作宾语补足语
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Grammar
考向2 动词不定式作宾语补足语
拓展:作宾语补足语
有的动词后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语;有的动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语(如:感官动词和使役动词后)。
注意:这些感使动词在“主动变被动”时,to要补回来,let除外。
e.g. The boss made the workers work long hours.
= The workers were made to work long hours by the boss.
老板让员工长时间工作。
练习:I have a lovely goldfish and I often watch it ________ happily
in the tank.
A. swims B. swimming C. to swim D. swim
D
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Grammar
考向2 动词不定式作宾语补足语
④用于其他动词后,如teach、warn、invite、encourage等。
练习:(云南中考改编)
Our headmaster will invite a scientist __________ (give) us a speech on space technology.
解析:句意:我们的校长将邀请一位科学家为我们做一次关于航天技术的演讲。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”,此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
to give
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Grammar
拓展:疑问词+动词不定式
“疑问词+动词不定式(短语)”
动词不定式(短语)可以和疑问代词who、whom、what、which
或疑问副词when、how、where及连词whether连用构成
“疑问词/连词+动词不定式(短语)”结构,该结构在句中充当主语、
宾语、表语等成分。
e.g. What to do is an important thing. (作主语)
要做什么是一件重要的事情。
I can't decide what to do. (作宾语) 我决定不了做什么。
The question is when to start. (作表语) 问题是什么时候开始。
练习:When I feel down, my best friend always knows how ______ me up.
A. cheer B. cheering C. to cheer D. cheers
C
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如何区分不定式作宾补还是状语?
成分 作用 句子逻辑 例句
宾补
状语
补充说明宾语的动作/状态
说明谓语动词的目的
主语让/叫/要求宾语做某事
主语做某事是为了达成某个目标
He asked me to open the door.
He stood up to open the door.
动词不定式其它用法
1. It's time for sth /to do sth… 该干……了
2. It's + adj/n. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth (对某人)做某事是……
3. sb. think/find/consider it + adj. +to do sth
认为/发觉作某事……怎么样
4. It's better/ the best to do sth. 最好做某事
5. try one's best to do 尽某人最大的努力做……
6. It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做……
start/begin
start/begin to do
start/begin doing sth
开始做......
prefer
prefer to do
prefer doing sth
更喜欢做......
love/ like
like/love to do
like/love doing sth
喜欢做......
动词后既可以用to do 也可以用doing
regret
regret to do sth
regret doing sth
遗憾要做...(未做)
stop
stop to do sth
stop doing sth
停下来做......(未做)
后悔做过...(已做)
停止做......(已做)
remember
remember to do sth
remember doing sth
记得去做...(未做)
forget
forget to do sth
forget doing sth
忘记去做......(未做)
记得做过...(已做)
忘记做过......(已做)
挑战一:用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. (2025福建中考改编)We will attend the tea festival in our town
____________ (learn) more about tea culture.
2. (2025 宿迁中考改编)Kitty will go to the English Corner
____________ (practise) her English this Saturday afternoon.
3. Teachers often encourage us ____________ (work) hard to achieve
our dreams.
4. I watched John ____________ (walk) across the street just now.
to learn
to practise
to work
walk
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挑战二:根据所给汉语完成句子。
1. 我们需要带些零食在野餐时吃。
We need to take some snacks ____________________ at the picnic.
2. 妈妈告诉我不要在公园里摘花。
Mom told me ____________________ in the park.
3. 在野营前,我请求我的朋友教我搭帐篷。
I asked my friend ____________________ the tent before camping.
4. 我们的老师提醒我们去远足时要带足够的水。
Our teacher reminds us ____________________ when we go hiking.
to eat
not to pick flowers
to teach me to put up
to take enough water
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挑战三:阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词,并用其正确形式填空。
Today we went to the zoo.The pandas in the zoo were really cute and they made us 1. ____________ I saw a baby lion 2. ____________ to its mother. Mr Wu asked us not 3. ____________ the animals there because it might make them sick.
This trip was meaningful because it helped us 4. _______________ the importance of protecting animals.iking.
run laugh understand feed
laugh
run
to feed
(to) understand
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4b
Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. A: Thanks for your advice! It made me ____________ (decide) to
try skiing.
B: You're welcome. Try ____________ (forget) your fears and have fun!
2. A: My cousin often asks me ____________ (fly) kites with her when
it's windy.
B: That sounds fun! I'd love to watch you ____________ (fly) kites
sometime.
3. A: I love to watch kung fu movies ____________ (relax).
B: Really? When I want ____________ (relax), I watch animal videos.
4. A: My parents told me ____________ (not push) myself too hard.
B: Yes, it's important _______________ (not forget) to relax
once in a while.
decide
to forget
to fly
fly
to relax
to relax
not to push
not to forget
make使役动词+省略to的不定式
作宾语补足语
try to do sth. 作宾语
ask sb. to do sth. 作宾语补足语(宾补)
watch sb. do sth.(观看全过程) 省略to, 作宾补
作目的状语
want to do sth. 作宾语
tell sb. not to do sth. 作宾补
push oneself too hard 逼自己太狠
It’s + adj. + (not) to do sth.
it作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语
once in a while 偶尔地;间或
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Language points
4b
3. ① It made me decide to try skiing.它让我决定尝试滑雪。
②Try to forget your fears and have fun! 尽量忘记你的恐惧,玩得开心!
try doing sth. 试着做某事
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
辨析:try doing sth.与 try to do sth.
try doing sth. 尝试做某事 表示尝试,并没有明确的目的性。
try to do sth. 努力做某事, 尽力做某事 侧重为达到目的而努力。
e.g. We tried to set off early, but there was a traffic jam, so we had to
try finding another way. 我们尽量早出发了,但(因为)交通堵塞,
所以我们不得不尝试找另一条路。
练习:English is very important. We must try ________ it well.
A. learning B. learn C. learns D. to learn
D
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Language points
4b
4. My parents told me not to push myself too hard.
我父母告诉我不要逼我自己太狠。
1) push v. 督促;推
【动词】(1) 督促;鞭策 push oneself too hard 把自己逼得太紧
push sb. to do sth. 督促/鞭策某人做某事
e.g. Just relax. Don't push yourself so hard.
放轻松。别把自己逼得太紧。(枣庄中考)
A healthy competitive spirit can push people to try to be better.
健康的竞争精神可以促使人们努力变得更好。(扬州中考)
(2)推 反义词是pull “拉”。
e.g. You push and I pull. 你推我拉。
拓展:【及物动词】按下(按钮、开关等) 同义词是press。
e.g. I got in and pushed the button for the fourth floor.
我进去后按了去四楼的按钮。
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Language points
4b
4. My parents told me not to push myself too hard.
我父母告诉我不要逼我自己太狠。
2) myself pron. 我自己
【反身代词】在句中可作宾语、同位语或表语。
e.g. I can look after myself well.
我可以照顾好自己。(作look after的宾语)
I'll speak to her myself. 我要亲自去跟她说。(作I的同位语)
I'm not myself today.我今天不太舒服。(作表语)
练习:1) Don’t push ________ too hard. If you’re tired, rest for a while.
A. you B. yourself C. me D. myself
2) Wang Chuqin and Sun Yingsha made history a couple of days ago.
I believe they will continue to push ________ harder and get better grades.
A. himself B. herself C. themselves D. yourselves
B
C
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Language points
4b
5. Yes, it's important not to forget to relax once in a while.
对,重要的是不要忘记偶尔放松一下。
once in a while 偶尔地;间或
常用来表示频度,其前可加every,相当于now and then、at times、from time to time。
e.g. He usually cooks at home, but once in a while he orders takeout.
他通常在家做饭,但偶尔也会点外卖。
练习:I live far away from my parents so I can only visit them ________.
A. in time B. once in a while
C. in plenty of time D. on time
B
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Practice
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. My dad encouraged me ____________ (keep) trying.
2. I go to the park every morning ____________ (run).
3. She asked him ____________ (not be) late.
4. We use apps ____________ (learn) English.
5. I heard her ____________ (sing) in the next room.
to keep
encourage sb. to do sth. 作宾补
to run
作目的状语
not to be
ask sb. not to do sth. 作宾补
to learn
作目的状语
sing
hear sb. do sth.(听到全过程) 省略to, 作宾补
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4c
Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box.What
do you usually do outdoors?
(not) come do listen play spend stay watch
My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and
I often meet my friends __________ football and tennis. My brother joined
us to play football once or twice, but he decided ____________ after that.
He doesn't like sport very much! Instead, he likes __________ at home
and __________ movies, __________ to music, and chat with
friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us __________ more time together as a family. So, now they let us __________ our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together!
to play
not to come
to stay
watch
listen
to spend
do
to stay, watch, listen, chat 作likes的并列宾语
let sb. do sth. 使役动词let, 省略to, 作宾补
go on an outing 外出游玩
作目的状语
作宾语
作宾补
stay at home 待在家里
chat with sb. 与某人聊天
be worried about=worry about 担心
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Language points
4c
6. chat 闲聊
chat v.&n.闲聊
(1)【不及物动词】过去式和过去分词为chatted,现在分词为chatting。
chat with sb.与某人闲聊 chat about sb./sth. 聊起某人/某事
e.g. He doesn't know how to chat with others. 他不知道如何和别人聊天。
They often chat about their hobbies. 他们经常聊他们的爱好。
(2)【可数名词】
have a chat with sb. = chat with sb. 与某人聊天
练习:It is fun having a chat with you. 跟你聊天很有趣。
= It is fun __________ ________ you.
chatting with
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Language points
4c
7. ...but on Sundays, we go on a famíly outing together!
······但在周日,我们家会一起出外游玩!
outing n. 出外游玩;远足
通常指集体出外游玩或学习,时间一般不超过一天。
go on an outing 出外游玩
e.g. The children were on a day's outing from school.
孩子们离校游览了一天。
They went on an outing to the beach last Sunday.
上周日他们去海滩游玩了。
练习:
( ) Which of the following activities is probably NOT a recreation(消遣)?
A. making pottery(陶器) B. going on an outing
C. watching the stage drama D. doing household chores
D
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Let’s become the best planners and design a “perfect relaxing day” plan!
Section Guiding Questions Example
Destination Where will you go to have fun? We will go to the park to fly kites and have a picnic.
Activities What will you do to relax your mind?
Food Plan What will you prepare to eat?
...
Work in groups to make your plan and complete the table. You can use infinitives.
Make a plan
Report and share
Prepare a short speech to make everyone love your plan! You can use the following expressions.
... will make you feel relaxed and happy.
... will make everyone forget ...
... ask our friends to join our wonderful picnic.
... let you have a ... day.
You can ... and hear ...
...
Each group has 2 minutes to present. And let’s see how many stars your group can get. Let’s find the best plan!
How many stars can you get?
1. Use infinitives correctly (at least 4 times).
2. Make a creative & detailed plan.
3. Have a fluent and clear presentation.
4. Good teamwork & persuasion
Total stars
Report and share
一、动词不定式作目的状语
Summary
二、动词不定式作宾语补足语
41
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Miss Wu always encourages us ________(read) great books in our
free time.
2.The school doesn’t allow students _________(bring) smartphones.
3.Let him _________(not play) the computer games.
4.Our teacher told us ___________(not run) in the classroom.
5.Teenagers should do more exercise ________(build) a strong body.
to read
to bring
not play
not to run
to build
42
二、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
6.让我们想想我们能为挽救蓝鲸做些什么。
Let’s think about what we can do ___ _____ blue whales.
to
save
7.我收藏这些旧票据是为了记住生活中重要的事情。
I collect these old tickets ___ __________ something important in life.
to
remember
8.汤姆希望他的爸爸这周日带他去动物园。
Tom wishes his dad ___ _____ him to the zoo this Sunday.
to
take
43
9.房间里太吵了。所以她请室友把音乐关掉。
It was too noisy in the room. So she asked her roommate ___ _____
____ the music.
to
turn
off
10.她每天都在练习以提高自己的唱歌技巧。
She practises every day ___ ________ her singing skills.
to
improve
44
三、按要求完成句子,每空一词。
11.They went to the zoo in order to see the pandas.(改为同义句)
____ ____ the pandas,they went to the zoo.
To
see
12.They get up early to do morning exercises.(对画线部分提问)
______ ____ they get up early?
Why
do
13.She studies hard to pass the final exam.(改为同义句)
She studies hard ____ ___ fail the final exam.
not
to
45
14.My friends advise me to visit Sanya in winter.(改为否定句)
My friends advise me ____ ___ _____ Sanya in winter.
not
to
visit
15.The little boy expected his father to give him some advice.(对画线部
分提问)
______ ____ the little boy expect his father ___ ____?
What
did
to
do
46
四、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文意思完整、通顺。
北外附中校本经典题#1
stay paint check explore live
Digital technology(数字技术) has helped us 16. ___________ a
wonderful life! I love checking out cool pictures and posts on social media.
They allow me 17. _______ in touch with my friends and share happy
moments. I’ve also learnt a great deal through online learning apps! For
example,I took some interesting courses on traditional Chinese painting
on an app. They taught me 18. ________ bamboo step by step.
(to) live
to stay
to paint
47
The app even let me 19. ______ my daily progress. Such apps also
encouraged me 20. __________ other fun activities.
But you have to be careful and shouldn’t get too caught up in it.
After all,the offline world is also exciting,right?#1.2
check
to explore
五、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
push chat I instead video
21.Sometimes my father comes to my room for a _____ about my study.
22.The young man _______ the door open and walked into the room
quickly.
23.I guess that your brother is watching some animal _______.
24.There’s no coffee now. Would you like a cup of tea _______?
25.I didn’t have breakfast. I’m making a sandwich for _______.
chat
pushed
videos
instead
myself
49
六、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
26.我去年偶尔去看望我的祖父母。
______ ___ ___ ______,I visited my grandparents last year.
Once
in
a
while
27.他们没能进入大楼,因为他们没有钥匙。
They couldn’t ____ _____ the building because they didn’t have the key.
get
into
28.虽然爬山很难,但我想试一试。
Although it is difficult to climb the mountains,I want to _____ ___ ___
____.
give
it
a
go
50
29.埃拉,你觉得功夫电影怎么样?
What do you think of ______ ___ _______,Ella?
kung
fu
movies
30.这个星期天和我们一起外出游玩怎么样?
How about ______ ____ ____ _______ with us this Sunday?
going
on
an
outing
51
七、语言知识运用。
阅读下面的短文,从方框中选择5个恰当的词块填空,并将其正确形式写在
相应的横线上。#1
scared of once in a while give up
in return after all go on an outing
I always dream of going to the park with my classmates. But I’m 31.
_________ trying new outdoor games,so I have never joined them before.
Last week,our class decided to 32. ________________ to the park. At
first,I wanted to 33. ________ the chance because I thought I’d be bad at
scared of
go on an outing
give up
52
games. But my friend Lily said,“Come on! I’ll teach you.” She helped me
play frisbee(飞盘),and I got better soon.34. _________,I shared my
snacks with her. We laughed a lot that day. Now I know:Don’t be afraid
to try new things! 35. ________________,these small acts of bravery can
bring us the happiest memories. I even hope our class will plan more
outings like this soon!#1.1.1
In return
Once in a while
Exercises
III. 语法填空。
I am a lover of reading. I could still remember how much I loved reading when I was a student. I like dreading newspapers 1. __________ that time. I even walked twenty minutes every day to the nearest bus stop 2. __________ (buy) a newspaper. Later, I fell in love with reading novels. I saved money every week to buy an interesting novel. I had so many books, and my friends said I could sell some of 3. __________ (they). But I didn't want to do that, 4. __________ they were important to me.
at
to buy
them
because
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Exercises
III. 语法填空。
However, I had to sell some of my books one day. I was too poor
5. __________ (afford) food for lunch. I didn't want to ask my parents for money or borrow money from my friends. So I 6. __________ (choose) a few books and sold them. I 7. __________ (final) got enough money to buy food and drinks.
Now, I have a job and don't have much free time. But I still try
8. __________ (find) some time to read. I enjoy 9. __________ (I) in reading.
Reading helps me a lot. From books I learn many new things and know how to solve problems. Reading becomes 10. __________ necessary part of my life. I won't give up reading in the future.
to afford
chose
finally
to find
myself
a
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