内容正文:
2025-2026学年译林版初中英语八年级下册
Unit 1 Past and present
知识点清单
· 词汇
1.underground /ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd/ n. 地铁
【巧记】under (在下面) + ground (地面) = underground
① by underground 乘地铁
Why not go by underground?
为什么不坐地铁去呢?
It takes only 40 minutes by underground.
乘地铁只需要 40 分钟。
2.speed /spiːd/ n. 速度
【拓展】speedy adj. 快的;迅速的
① high-speed train 高速列车
We took a high-speed train to the city.
我们坐高速列车去了那座城市。
② full speed 全速
The car is moving at full speed.
这辆车正全速行驶。
3.used to 曾经
① used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
She used to live in Beijing.
她过去住在北京。
② be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
I am used to walking to school.
我习惯步行去上学。
③ be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
Knives are used to cut things. 刀子被用来切东西。
4.crowded /ˈkraʊdɪd/ adj. 拥挤的
【词根】crowd n. 人群;一堆 vi. & vt. 拥挤;挤满
① a crowded place 一个拥挤的地方
I don’t like going to a crowded place on holidays.
我不喜欢假期去拥挤的地方。
② get crowded 变得拥挤
The library starts to get crowded after 3 p.m.
下午3点后,图书馆开始变得拥挤。
5.convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的
【拓展】convenience n. 便利;方便
① be convenient for 便于……
It is convenient for me to take the bus to school.
坐公交车上学对我来说很方便。
② The house is very convenient for several schools.
这座房子离几所学校很近。
6.innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃ(ə) n/ n. 创新
This new app is a great innovation.
这款新应用是一项很棒的创新。
His idea brings a lot of innovation to our class.
他的想法给我们班带来了很多创新。
7.southern /ˈsʌðən/ adj. 南部的,南方的
【词根】south n. 南方 adj. 南的,南方的 adv. 在南方
① southern America 南美洲
He dreams of traveling to southern America.
他梦想去南美洲旅行。
② southern part 南部地区
Fruits grow well in the southern part of China.
中国的南部地区水果长得很好。
8.high-tech /ˌhaɪ ˈtek/ adj. 高技术的,高科技的 (尤指电子方面)
① high-tech industry 高科技产业
There is no high-tech industry in the city.
城市没有高科技工业。
Many countries pay attention to high-tech industry.
许多国家重视高科技产业。
9.pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先锋,先驱
Confucius was a pioneer in the field of education.
孔子是教育领域的先驱。
young pioneer 少先队员Neither you nor he is a young pioneer.
你和他都不是少先队员。
10.reform /rɪˈfɔːm/ n. 改革
She argued powerfully for reform.
她为改革进行了有力的辩论。
It’s hard not to be cynical about reform.
很难对改革不持怀疑态度。
11.very /ˈveri/ adj. 最…… 的,十足的
① the very + 名词 正是那个,最…… 的
This is the very book I’ve been looking for.
这正是我一直在找的那本书。
② a very + 名词 十足的,完全的
That’s a very mistake you should avoid.
那是一个你应该避免的十足的错误。
12.at the heart of 在…… 的核心
Hard work is at the heart of success.
努力是成功的核心。
Communication is at the heart of a good team.
沟通是优秀团队的关键。
13.technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. (=tech) 技术
【拓展】technological adj. 技术的;工艺的
① information technology 信息技术
A revolution in information technology is taking place.
信息技术正在发生巨变。
② high technology 高科技
Now we’re rushing into the time full of high technology.
现在我们正奔向一个充满高科技的时代。
14.industry /ˈɪndəstri/ n. 行业;工业
【拓展】industrial adj. 工业的
① chemical industry 化学工业
A few years ago this city had almost no chemical industry.
几年前,这个城市几乎没有化学工业。
② service industry 服务行业The service industry makes our life easier.
服务行业让我们的生活更便捷。
15.giant /ˈdʒaɪənt/ n. 大公司;巨人,庞然大物
This tech giant makes popular phones.
这家科技大公司生产热门手机。
He looks scary but he’s really a gentle giant.
他看上去可怕,实际却是个性格温和的巨人。
The blue whale is a giant in the ocean.
蓝鲸是海洋中的庞然大物。
16.lead /liːd/ vt. & vi. 引领;领导 n. 领先地位;负责人;主演
【过去式】led
【过去分词】led
① lead in 引入;在…… 中领先
She took the lead in the second lap.
她在第二圈时领先。
② take the lead 处于领先地位
She always takes the lead in group projects.
她在小组项目中总是处于领先地位。
③ as the lead 作为负责人 / 主演
He acted as the lead in the school play last year.
他去年在校园剧中担任主演。
④ in the lead 领先;主要的
They were in the lead. The finish line was close.
他们目前领先,终点线就在前面不远了。
⑤ under the lead of 在…… 的领导下
The team won the game under the lead of their captain.
在队长的领导下,这支队伍赢得了比赛。
17.move /muːv/ n. 改变,转变,动摇
【拓展】moving adj. 移动的
① make a move 采取行动、做出改变
We need to make a move to improve our study.
我们需要采取行动来提高学习成绩。
② a big move 重大改变、重要举措
It was a big move for her to change schools.
转校对她来说是个重大改变。
18.wealth /welθ/ n. 大量,丰富;财富
【拓展】wealthy adj. 富有的;充分的
① a wealth of 大量的,丰富的
She has a wealth of experience in teaching children.
她在教孩子方面有丰富的经验。
② wealth management 财富管理
His father works in wealth management for a big bank.
他爸爸在一家大银行做财富管理工作。
19.excellent /ˈeksələnt/ adj. 优秀的,杰出的,极好的
【拓展】excellently adv. 极好地;优异地
① excellent quality 优秀的品质
Our company’s product range and excellent quality.
我们公司的产品种类繁多,质量优良。
② excellent student 优等生
She has become an excellent student.
她已经变为一名优等生。
20.educational /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃən (ə) l/ adj. 教育的,有关教育的
【拓展】education n. 教育;培养
① educational system 教育体系
Every country has its own educational system.
每个国家都有自己的教育体系。
② educational background 教育背景
Her educational background helps her get the job.
她的教育背景帮助她获得了这份工作。
21.award /əˈwɔːd/ n. 奖,奖项
① win an award 赢得奖项
She worked hard and won an award in the English competition.
她努力学习,在英语竞赛中赢得了奖项。
② a major award 重要奖项
The school is proud that two students have won a major award this year.
学校为今年有两名学生获得重要奖项而自豪。
22.public /ˈpʌblɪk/ n. 民众 adj. 公共的;公众的
【拓展】publication n. 出版;出版物
① serve the public 为民众服务
His job is to serve the public with kindness.
他的工作是友善地为民众服务。
② public school 公立学校
She studies in a public school in the city center.
她在市中心的一所公立学校上学。
23.citizen /ˈsɪtɪz (ə) n/ n. 居民,市民;公民
① global citizen 全球公民,世界公民
How do you define global citizen?
如何定义世界公民?
② a city citizen 城市居民
As a city citizen, he cares about the development of his hometown.
作为城市居民,他关心家乡的发展。
24.greenway /ˈɡriːnˌweɪ/ n. 林荫道
【巧记】green (绿色) + way (路线) = greenway
① We sat on a bench by the greenway to rest.
我们坐在林荫道旁的长椅上休息。
② urban greenway 城市绿道
We often walk along the urban greenway after dinner.
我们经常晚饭后沿城市绿道散步。
25.electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ adj. 电动的
【拓展】electrical adj. 有关电的
① electric power 电力
It is the cheapest source of fuel for electric power production.
煤炭是最便宜的电力生产燃料来源。
② electric energy 电能
We can change electric energy into light energy.
我们能把电能转变为光能。
26.planner /ˈplænə(r)/ n. 设计者,规划者
【拓展】planning n. 计划;设计
① city planner 城市规划者
His uncle is a city planner who designs urban greenways.
他的叔叔是一名城市规划者,负责设计城市绿道。
② a planner of the park 公园设计者
A planner of the park builds a small bridge.
一位公园设计者建了一座小桥。
27.since /sɪns/ prep. & conj. 自…… 以来
① since + 具体时间点
I have lived here since 2018.
我从 2018 年起就住在这了。
② since + 时间段 + ago
He has studied English since three years ago.
他三年前就开始学英语了。
③ ever since 自从…… 之后
We have kept in touch ever since we met.
我们自从相识后就一直保持联系。
28.development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展,成长
【词根】develop vi. & vt. 发育;开发
① with the development of 随着…… 的发展
With the development of the Internet, online education has caught on.
随着互联网的发展,线上教育变得越来越流行。
② rapid development 快速发展
The city has rapid development.
这座城市发展迅速。
29.pioneering /ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ/ adj. 开拓性的
① pioneering spirit 开拓精神
Pioneering spirit makes life more colorful.
开拓精神让生活更精彩。
② His pioneering spirit helps him succeed.
他的开拓精神助力他成功。
30.creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ n. 创造力
【词根】create v. 创造,创作
【拓展】creative adj. 创造性的
① His endless creativity makes his projects special.
他无穷的创造力让他的作品与众不同。
② show creativity 展现创造力
She showed great creativity in the art class.
她在美术课上展现了极强的创造力。
31.certainly /ˈsɜːt (ə) nli/ adv. 无疑,肯定
【词根】certain adj. 必然的;确信 pron. 某些;某几个
I’m certainly not scared of him.
我肯定不怕他。
This book is certainly interesting.
这本书无疑很有趣。
The team will certainly win the game.
这支队伍肯定会赢得比赛。
32.key /kiː/ n. 关键;键,琴键 adj. 关键的
① key to sth. 某事的关键
Hard work is the key to success.
努力是成功的关键。
② key point 关键点
The key point here is that policies must be set and documented.
这里的关键点在于政策必须得到指定和记录。
33.make a living 谋生
① make a living by doing sth. 通过做某事谋生
His grandfather made a living by fishing in the river when he was young.
他祖父年轻时靠在河里捕鱼谋生。
② make a living as + 职业 以…… 职业谋生
She has been making a living as a teacher for over 20 years.
她当老师谋生已经 20 多年了。
34.world-famous /ˌwɜːld ˈfeɪməs/ adj. 举世闻名的
① world-famous + 地点
Paris is known for its world-famous landmarks like the Eiffel Tower.
巴黎因埃菲尔铁塔这个世界著名地标而闻名。
② world-famous + 物品 / 作品
This restaurant is famous for its world-famous cheese cake.
这家餐厅以其享誉世界的芝士蛋糕而闻名。
35.transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/ n. 交通运输系统
Efficient transport systems are essential for connecting rural areas with urban markets.
高效的交通运输系统对连接农村地区与城市市场至关重要。
The transport system helps us travel easily.
交通运输系统让我们出行更轻松。
36.recently /ˈriːs (ə) ntli/ adv. 最近
【词根】recent adj. 最近的;近代的
The reforms have recently become law.
这些改革最近已成为法律。
① until recently 直到最近
There was very little research on the subject until recently.
直到最近,这方面的研究还很少。
37.already /ɔːlˈredi/ adv. 已经,早已
【解析】主要用于现在完成时 (肯定句),表示动作在过去发生且对现在有影响。
He’s already been gone four hours!
他已经离开四个小时了!
Have you finished already? That was quick!
你已经做完了?真快呀!
38.yet /jet/ adv. 尚 (未),还
【解析】主要用于否定句和疑问句,强调 “到目前为止动作仍未发生”,通常放在句末。
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
我还没做完作业呢。
The meat isn’t quite done yet.
这肉还不太熟。
Have you had your results yet?
你知道考试成绩了吗?
39.reporter /rɪˈpɔːtə(r)/ n. 记者
【词根】report v. 报道 n. 报告;汇报
① news reporter 新闻记者
You’re a wonderful news reporter.
你是个优秀的新闻记者。
② TV reporter 电视台记者
She was a TV reporter and worked long hours.
她曾是个电视记者,长时间工作。
40.fall in love with 爱上……
① fall in love with sb. 爱上某人
Fortunately I didn’t fall in love with you.
幸亏我没有爱上你。
② fall in love with sth. 爱上某物
She makes us fall in love with English in an interesting way.
她用一种有趣的方式让我们爱上了英语。
41.line /laɪn/ n. (交通) 路线;线 (条);行列
① bus line 公交线路
This new bus line connects the airport to the city center.
这条新公交线路连接机场和市中心。
② straight line 直线
The teacher asked us to draw a straight line on the paper.
老师让我们在纸上画一条直线。
③ in line 排队
We stood in line for an hour to buy tickets.
我们排队一小时买票。
42.step /step/ vi. 迈步,踩,踏,行走
【现在分词】stepping
【过去式、过去分词】stepped
① step up 迈步上前;加快 (速度)
The child stepped up to greet the teacher.
那个孩子走上前跟老师打招呼。
② step on 踩在…… 上;踩踏
Be careful not to step on the cat.
小心别踩到猫。
③ step in 走进;介入
She stepped in the room quietly.
她悄悄走进了房间。
④ step out 走出;暂时离开
He stepped out for a breath of fresh air.
他走出去呼吸点新鲜空气。
43.wide /waɪd/ adj. 宽的,宽阔的
【拓展】widely adv. 广泛地
① wide range 广泛范围
The article covered a wide range of topics.
这篇文章讨论了一系列广泛的论题。
② far and wide 到处,四处
They searched far and wide for the missing child.
他们四处搜寻失踪的小孩。
44.row /rəʊ/ n. 一排,一列,一行
① in a row 连续;成一长行
This is her third win in a row.
这是她连续获得的第三次胜利。
② single row 单排
The students stood in a single row to wait for the bus.
学生们排成单排等公交车。
45.muddy /ˈmʌdi/ adj. 泥泞的
We squelched across the muddy field.
我们扑哧扑哧地穿过泥泞的田地。
The car got stuck in the muddy ground.
汽车陷到泥地里了。
46.villager /ˈvɪlɪdʒə(r)/ n. 村民
【词根】village n. 村庄;村民
The old villager told us stories about the village’s history.
这位老村民给我们讲了村子的历史故事。
① a group of villagers 一群村民
A group of villagers helped put out the small fire.
一群村民帮忙扑灭了那场小火。
47.recent /ˈriːs (ə) nt/ adj. 近来的,新近的
① in recent years 最近几年中
Her books have gone off in recent years.
她近年写的书质量下降了。
② recent situation 近况
I am eager to know your recent situation.
我渴望知道你的近况。
48.hopeful /ˈhəʊpf (ə) l/ adj. 抱有希望的,满怀希望
【拓展】hopefully adv. 有希望的,有前途的
She is hopeful of returning to work soon.
她希望很快回去工作。
① be hopeful about 对…… 抱有希望
There is every reason to be hopeful about the future.
我们有理由对未来抱有希望。
49.guest /ɡest/ n. 旅客,房客;客人
① guest house 小旅馆
Your best bet is to choose a guest house.
你最好的选择就是找一家小旅馆。
② guest list 客人名单
She has been deliberately left off the guest list.
她被故意从客人名单里漏掉了。
50.tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ n. 旅游业,观光业
【拓展】tourist adj. 旅游的 n. 旅行者
① tourism industry 旅游业
More than 3000 local workers are employed in the tourism industry.
超过 3000 名本地工人受雇于旅游业。
② tourism resource 旅游资源;观光资源
Folk-custom culture is an important tourism resource.
民俗文化是一项重要的旅游资源。
51.theme /θiːm/ n. 主题
Race is a recurrent theme in the work.
种族是该作品中反复出现的一个主题。
① theme park 主题乐园
The theme park attracts 2.5 million visitors a year.
这个主题乐园每年吸引 250 万游客。
52.opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ n. 看法,想法
① in one’s opinion 在某人看来
In my opinion, dogs sometimes bring you a lot of trouble.
在我看来,狗有时会给你们带来很多麻烦。
② opinion about 有关……的意见
Different people have different opinion about their success.
不同的人关于成功有不同的观点。
53.common /ˈkɒmən/ adj. 普遍的;共同的
① in common 共同的;共有的
We happened to discover we had a friend in common.
我们碰巧发现我们有个共同的朋友。
② common sense 常识
He is devoid of common sense.
他缺乏常识。
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