Unit 1-8语法总结表2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册
一、动词不定式 (The Infinitive) 基础 | |
构成 | 基本形式：to + 动词原形；否定形式：not + to + 动词原形。 * 没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。 |
二、句法作用 (Syntactic Functions) | |
作主语 | To read good books makes him happy. 读好书使他快乐。 |
作表语 | To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 |
作宾语 | I am planning to fly to the city to have a taste of the famous street food. 我计划乘飞机去那个城市品尝著名的街头小吃. |
作宾语 | I expected him to turn down the invitation. 我原以为他会拒绝这个邀请。 |
作定语 | They made a decision to put off the meeting. 他们决定将会议推迟。 |
作目的 | I love to watch kung fu movies to relax. 我喜欢看功夫电影来放松. |
三、“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构 | |
用法 | 可和 what, which, how, where, when 等连用。常作主语、宾语、表语等。 How to get there is a problem. (作主语) Please show me where to find him. (作宾语) The problem is where to find the answer. (作表语) |
转换 | 相当于“疑问词 + 主语 + should/can + 动词” I don't know who to give it to. = I don't know who I should give it to. |
四、含动词不定式的常用搭配 (必背) | |
接不定式作宾语 V. + to do | agree, aim, ask, choose, continue, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, seem, try, want, wish 等。 If you want to send emails, you need to create an email address... |
接不定式作补语 V. + sb. + to do | allow, advise, ask, choose, expect, encourage, tell, want, warn, wish, invite 等。 My cousin often asks me to fly kites with her when it's windy. (教材原文) |
省略 to 的不定式 V. + sb. + do | 感官动词: feel, hear, see, notice, watch 使役动词: let, make, have I heard him go down the stairs. (我听见他下楼了) Can you make this old engine start? (你能让这台旧发电机启动吗?) |
info 疑难辨析：不带 to 的不定式 (do) vs 现在分词 (doing) | |
| hear/see/notice/watch + sb. + do: 强调动作经常发生或某事发生的全过程 (The whole process)。 I often see him take physical exercise. (我经常看他进行体育锻炼) Did you notice anyone leave the room? (你注意到有人离开房间吗?) hear / see / notice / watch + sb. + doing：强调动作正在进行 (In progress)，或者指当时只看到了/听到了动作的一部分 (Part of the action)，而不是全过程。具有一种“画面感”或“片断感”。 I saw him waiting for the bus. (我看见他正在等公交车。) | |
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一、动词不定式 (The Infinitive) 基础 |
| Did you notice his hands shaking? (你注意到他的手正在发抖吗？) |
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一、情态动词表示建议 (should / could) | |||||||||||||
should | 意为“应该;应当;可以”，表职责、义务或劝告。无人称之分，后接动词原型。否定式：shouldn't。
In fact, you should avoid using your phone too often. 事实上，你应该避免过于频繁地使用手机。(教材原文) What should I do? Should I call him and apologize? 我该怎么办？我是不是应该打电话向他道歉？ | ||||||||||||
could | 用于提出建议，比 can 语气更委婉。后接动词原形。 You could listen to music instead of watching videos. 你可以听音乐而不是看视频。(教材原文) But I think you could come after school tomorrow. 但我觉得你可以明天放学后过来。 | ||||||||||||
延伸 | 常缩写为 'd better，意为“最好”，语气比 should 强。否定式：had better not。 For safety's sake, we'd better not set off now. 为了安全起见，我们最好不要现在出发。 | ||||||||||||
二、反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns) | |||||||||||||
定义 | 指代的人或物与主语一致，译为“自己;本身;亲自”。 构词法：一/二人称(形物代) + self/selves；三人称(宾格) + self/selves。
注意： 当所指对象性别不详时，可以用 themselves 或 himself or herself 代替。 Does anyone here consider themselves a good cook? 这里有人觉得自己厨艺很拿手吗？ | ||||||||||||
句法 |
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常用 | 常见的后接反身代词作宾语的动词(短语)： The kids all seemed to enjoy themselves.孩子们好像玩得都很高兴。 When my parents went away on business, I looked after myself.我父母出差时，我自己照顾自己。 | ||||||||||||
反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。 | [×] Myself like writing poetry. [√] I myself like writing poetry. 我本人喜欢写诗。 | ||||||||||||
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