Unit 11 Fantastic Chinese Culture（任务型阅读专练）英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级下册

Unit 11 Fantastic Chinese Culture任务型阅读专练 话题：中华文化 基础篇 01 If you walk through a park in the morning or evening, you might see people doing slow and beautiful movements—Carry the Tiger over the Mountain and White Crane Spreading Its Wings. In fact, they are practicing Taichi (太极). Taichi is an ancient art and a common exercise in China. It started in Henan Province in the mid-17th century (世纪). Now it has spread (传播) to over 150 countries and more than 100 million people practice it. Doing Taichi is good for health, because it makes us move more freely and become stronger. When doing slow movements, we focus on our hands and feet, controlling them better. Slow movements also help us take deep breaths. Marleni Calcina, a doctor from Peru, thinks Taichi is good for health. She has practiced it for over 10 years, seeing it as a way of life. Taichi taught her the value of “going slowly”. When she felt stressed, she found peace through Taichi. “Practicing Taichi is like speaking with my soul,” she said. Now, Taichi has become a symbol of Chinese culture. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．What kind of exercise can you see people practicing in the park according to paragraph 1? ____________________________________________________ 2．Where did Taichi first start? ____________________________________________________ 3．Why is doing Taichi good for health? ____________________________________________________ 4．Who is Marleni Calcina? ____________________________________________________ 5．How long has Marleni practiced Taichi? ____________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．Taichi. 2．Taichi first started in Henan Province./In Henan Province. 3．Because it helps people move more freely and become stronger. 4．She is a doctor from Peru./A doctor from Peru. 5．For over 10 years. 【导语】本文主要介绍了太极拳的相关信息，太极拳蕴含中国哲学并成为中国文化象征。 1．根据“If you walk through a park…you might see people…they are practicing Taichi.”可知，人们在公园里练习的是太极。故填Taichi. 2．根据“It started in Henan Province in the mid-17th century”可知，太极起源于河南省。故填Taichi first started in Henan Province./In Henan Province. 3．根据“Doing Taichi is good for health, because it makes us move more freely and become stronger.”可知，太极对健康有益是因为它能让我们更自由地活动、变得更强壮。故填Because it helps people move more freely and become stronger. 4．根据“Marleni Calcina, a doctor from Peru, thinks Taichi is good for health.”可知，Marleni Calcina是一位来自秘鲁的医生。故填She is a doctor from Peru./A doctor from Peru. 5．根据“She has practiced it for over 10 years”可知，Marleni练习太极已经超过10年。故填For over 10 years. 02 Dumplings are a traditional Chinese food with a history of more than 1,800 years. They are also delicious food on Chinese New Year’s Eve. They are really popular in China, especially in the north of China. Dumplings usually look like Chinese silver ingots (银元宝). Chinese people like to eat dumplings. There are some interesting ideas about them. For example, the more dumplings you eat during the Spring Festival, the more money you can make in the new year. Dumplings have different tastes because of their different fillings (馅). There are many different kinds of fillings. Some popular fillings are meat and vegetables. Different people like to eat dumplings with different fillings. Do you know how to make dumplings? Almost all Chinese people can make dumplings. They find it very easy to make dumplings. Here is a recipe for making dumplings: *First, mix the dough (面团) . *Next, make the dough into round wrappers (面皮) with a rolling pin (擀面杖) . *Then fill the wrappers with fillings. *After that, pinch (捏) the wrappers together. *Finally, cook them in the hot water. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1． Where are dumplings especially popular in China? ____________________________________________________ 2．What do dumplings usually look like? ____________________________________________________ 3．Why do dumplings have different tastes? ____________________________________________________ 4．How many steps are there to make dumplings according to the passage? ____________________________________________________ 5．Do you want to learn how to make dumplings? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．In the north of China. 2．(Dumplings usually look like) Chinese silver ingots. 3．Because of their different fillings. 4．Five/5. 5．Yes. Because I think making dumplings is meaningful. 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国传统食物饺子的历史、受欢迎的地区、寓意、馅料特点及制作步骤。 1．根据“They are really popular in China, especially in the north of China.”可知，饺子尤其在中国的北方很受欢迎，故填In the north of China. 2．根据“Dumplings usually look like Chinese silver ingots (银元宝).”可知，饺子通常像银元宝，故填Dumplings usually look like Chinese silver ingots./Chinese silver ingots. 3．根据“Dumplings have different tastes because of their different fillings (馅).”可知，饺子因为馅不一样味道不一样，故填Because of their different fillings. 4．根据“Here is a recipe for making dumplings: *First, mix…Next…Then…After That…Finally…hot water.”可知，制作饺子有5个步骤，故填Five/5. 5．本题为开放性问题，可结合个人想法回答。答案不唯一，答案合理即可。故填Yes. Because I think making dumplings is meaningful. 03 Here are some clothes for women from different times. Women in the 1940s dressed up in cheong-sams (旗袍). Cheong-sams were made of cotton or silk. They were colourful. Some of them had beautiful flowers on them. Women in them looked slim and really good. During that time, these clothes could help us to know whether (是否) you were rich or poor. Form the 1950s to the 1960s, women was interested in coats and trousers. They were more comfortable than cheong-sams. These clothes were made of cotton. They were blue or grey. More and more women began to work. Women felt proud (骄傲的) and comfortable because it was their first time to have the same right (权利) as men. Young girls in the 1980s thought they should wear colourful clothes. They liked the clothes that film stars wore. They tried hard to make some clothes like the stars’. Now people like designing their own clothes. These clothes are made of fur or even paper. But many people dislike using leather and fur because it will hurt animals. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．How did the women in cheong-sam look? ____________________________________________________ 2．What can we know from women in cheong-sam during that time? ____________________________________________________ 3．Why was women interested in coats and trousers from the 1950s to the 1960s? ____________________________________________________ 4．Who liked the clothes that film stars wore in the 1980s? ____________________________________________________ 5．Do all people like using leather and fur to design their own clothes? ____________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．Slim and (really) good. 2．Whether they were rich or poor. 3．Because they were more comfortable. 4．Young girls. 5．No. 【分析】本文讲述了这里有一些不同时代的女人穿的衣服。在1940年代女性穿着旗袍，穿的女人看起来很苗条，真的很好。从20世纪50年代到60年代，女性对外套和裤子很感兴趣，因为它们比旗袍更舒服。20世纪80年代的年轻女孩认为她们应该穿五颜六色的衣服，她们喜欢电影明星穿的衣服。现在人们喜欢设计自己的衣服。这些衣服是用毛皮甚至纸做的。但许多人不喜欢使用皮革和毛皮，因为它会伤害动物。 1．句意：那些穿旗袍的女人看起来怎么样? 根据“Women in them looked slim and really good.”可知看起来很苗条和好看，故答案为Slim and (really) good. 2．句意：我们能从当时的旗袍妇女身上了解到什么? 根据“During that time, these clothes could help us to know whether (是否) you were rich or poor.”可知那人是否富有或贫穷，故答案为Whether they were rich or poor. 3．句意：为什么20世纪50年代到60年代的女性对外套和裤子感兴趣? 根据“They were more comfortable than cheong-sams.”可知外套和裤子比旗袍更舒适，故答案为Because they were more comfortable. 4．句意：谁喜欢电影明星在80年代穿的衣服? 根据“Young girls in the 1980s thought they should wear colourful clothes. They liked the clothes that film stars wore.”可知是年轻的女孩，故答案为Young girls. 5．句意：所有人都喜欢用皮革和毛皮来设计自己的衣服吗? 根据“But many people dislike using leather and fur because it will hurt animals.”可知并不是所有人喜欢，故答案为No. 04 China has many special forms of traditional art. They are usually used to represent things that are important in life such as love, beauty and family. It was said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Liang. He sent them out to ask for help when in trouble. They are made of bamboo and covered with paper. Sky lanterns are used at festivals and other celebrations today. They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes. Chinese paper-cutting has been around for more than 1,500 years. It may sound very easy but is difficult to practise. The paper, usually red, is folded (折叠) before it is cut with scissors. The most common pictures are flowers, animals and things about Chinese history. During the Spring Festival, they are put up on windows, doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year. Chinese clay (泥塑) art is famous because the clay pieces are so small but they look very real. The pieces are carefully shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay and then allowed to air-dry. After drying, they are fired at a very high heat. Then they are painted after polishing (抛光). Finally, materials such as wood or paper are added as decorations (装饰). It takes several weeks to complete everything. These small pieces of clay art show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．Who first used sky lanterns? ____________________________________________________ 2．What are sky lanterns seen as bright symbols of? ____________________________________________________ 3．How long has Chinese paper-cutting been around? ____________________________________________________ 4．Where are the most common pictures put up during the Spring Festival? ____________________________________________________ 5. How are the clay pieces carefully shaped from a very special kind of clay?     ____________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．Zhuge Liang. 2．Happiness and good wishes. 3．For more than 1,500 years. 4．On windows, doors and walls. 5．By hand. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了三种中国的传统艺术形式：孔明灯、剪纸和泥塑。 1．根据“It was said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Liang.”可知，孔明灯最早是诸葛亮用的。故填Zhuge Liang. 2．根据“They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes.”可知，孔明灯被视为幸福和美好愿望的明亮象征。故填Happiness and good wishes. 3．根据“Chinese paper-cutting has been around for more than 1,500 years.”可知，剪纸已经存在1500多年了，故填For more than 1,500 years. 4．根据“During the Spring Festival, they are put up on windows, doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year.”可知，在春节期间，它们被贴在门窗和墙壁上，象征着祝好运和新年快乐。故填On windows, doors and walls. 5．根据“The pieces are carefully shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay and then allowed to air-dry.”可知，黏土碎片由手工精心塑造，故填By hand. 05 How much do you know about Chinese oil-paper umbrellas? They are not just tools (工具) to keep people away from rain or sunlight, but also works of art (艺术品) with rich cultural meaning in China. Chinese oil-paper umbrellas are one of the world’s oldest umbrellas. According to historical records, the first oil-paper umbrella came out during the Eastern Han Dynasty. They soon became very popular, especially among the literati (文人). They loved to write and draw on the umbrella to show their literacy tastes and painting skills. Oil-paper umbrellas are a necessary part of traditional Chinese weddings (婚礼). A red oil-paper umbrella is needed when the bride (新娘) goes into the groom’s home. That’s because people believe the umbrella can help stop bad luck. Also, the sound of oil-paper in Chinese sounds like “youzi”, which means having more children. It takes quite a lot of time and effort to make a Chinese oil-paper umbrella by hand. Luzhou in southwest China’s Sichuan Province is now the only main production place for handmade oil-paper umbrellas in China. There, craftsmen (手艺人) must complete more than 90 steps and use over 100 different tools to make a single umbrella. With all their efforts, a traditional oil-paper umbrella made in Luzhou can stand strong winds and 3,000 openings and closings. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．Do people use oil-paper umbrellas on sunny days? ____________________________________________________ 2．When did the first oil-paper umbrella appear? ____________________________________________________ 3．Why is a red oil-paper umbrella necessary for a traditional Chinese wedding? ____________________________________________________ 4．How many times can an oil-paper umbrella made by hand in Luzhou open and close? ____________________________________________________ 5．Will you buy an oil-paper umbrella made by band? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．Yes, they do./Yes. 2．During the Eastern Han Dynasty. 3．Because it is believed to stop bad luck and the sound of oil-paper in Chinese, “youzi”, which means having more children. 4．3,000 times. 5．Yes. Because it looks beautiful and traditional. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统油纸伞的历史、工艺和现状等。 1．根据“They are not just tools (工具) to keep people away from rain or sunlight”可知，人们在晴天会使用油纸伞。故填Yes, they do./Yes. 2．根据“According to historical records, the first oil-paper umbrella came out during the Eastern Han Dynasty”可知，据史料记载，最早的油纸伞出现在东汉时期。故填During the Eastern Han Dynasty. 3．根据“A red oil-paper umbrella is needed when the bride (新娘) goes into the groom’s home. That’s because people believe the umbrella can help stop bad luck. Also, the sound of oil-paper in Chinese sounds like ‘youzi’, which means having more children”可知，当新娘进入新郎家中时，需要一把红色的油纸伞。这是因为人们相信雨伞可以帮助阻止厄运。此外，油纸在汉语中的发音听起来像“有子”，这意味着要多生孩子。故填Because it is believed to stop bad luck and the sound of oil-paper in Chinese, “youzi”, which means having more children. 4．根据“a traditional oil-paper umbrella made in Luzhou can stand strong winds and 3,000 openings and closings”可知，泸州生产的传统油纸伞可以承受强风和3000次开合。故填3,000 times. 5．此题为开放性试题，答案合理即可。例如：我会买，因为它看起来既漂亮又传统。故填Yes. Because it looks beautiful and traditional. 06 “The taste of tea is soft, but it can reach far.” This special idea into Chinese tea culture comes from Ngoc, a student from Vietnam. Now as a college student at Yunnan University, she has been in Kunming, Yunnan, for three years. During her time in China, Ngoc likes Chinese tea culture because of her strong interest in Chinese history and culture. “I was trying to connect with Chinese society through observation (观察) and study to learn about modern China,” she said. As an agricultural country, Vietnam has been growing tea for more than 3,000 years. Drinking tea is a big custom in the country. Usually, Ngoc likes to drink tea while chatting with friends. Over the years, she gradually learned the differences in tea culture between China and Vietnam. “People usually drink Pu’er tea in Yunnan, but in Vietnam, dark tea and black tea are more popular,” she said. Ngoc also found that in China, people like to drink tea in nice tea shops. But in Vietnam, people often just drink tea on the street. It’s quite casual (随意的). For her, tasting a pot of good tea, just like tasting life, is both bitter (苦涩的) and sweet. “The tea tastes bitter at first, but when the bitterness goes away, the sweetness comes. I also hope that my life is like tea, after the bitter comes the sweet,” she said. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．What is Ngoc according to the passage? ____________________________________________________ 2．Why does Ngoc like Chinese tea culture? ____________________________________________________ 3．How long has Vietnam been growing tea? ____________________________________________________ 4．Where do people like to drink tea in China? ____________________________________________________ 5．What does Ngoc hope? ____________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．She is a student from Vietnam. 2．Because of her strong interest in Chinese history and culture. 3．For more than 3,000 years. 4．In nice tea shops. 5．She hopes her life is like tea—bitter first, then sweet. 【导语】本文介绍了来自越南的留学生Ngoc在云南大学学习期间对中国茶文化的观察与感悟，比较了中越茶文化的异同，并表达了她对生活的理解。 1．根据第一段“This special idea into Chinese tea culture comes from Ngoc, a student from Vietnam.”可知，Ngoc是一名来自越南的学生。故填She is a student from Vietnam. 2．根据第二段“Ngoc likes Chinese tea culture because of her strong interest in Chinese history and culture.”可知，她喜欢中国茶文化是因为对中国历史和文化有浓厚兴趣。故填Because of her strong interest in Chinese history and culture. 3．根据第三段“Vietnam has been growing tea for more than 3,000 years.”可知，越南种植茶叶已有3000多年历史。故填For more than 3,000 years. 4．根据第三段“in China, people like to drink tea in nice tea shops.”可知，在中国，人们喜欢在雅致的茶馆里喝茶。故填In nice tea shops. 5．根据最后一段“I also hope that my life is like tea, after the bitter comes the sweet”可知，Ngoc希望自己的人生如茶，先苦后甜。故填She hopes her life is like tea—bitter first, then sweet. 培优篇 07 Have you ever seen lions dancing in the streets? The lions dance to the beat of a drum. Of course, they are not real lions. They are dancers in lion costumes. Lion dancing first started in China hundreds of years ago. It means bringing good luck in the coming year. Usually, a lion dance needs two dancers. One dancer controls the head and the other controls the tail. “I think of it as a sport,” says Anthony Huang, aged 16. He is a member of the New York Chinese Freemasons Athletic Club (纽约华人共济会俱乐部). Anthony performs as the lion’s head. It can weigh 20 pounds. Lion dancing is important to Anthony. “This tradition really inspires me,” he says. In the past, lion dancing was performed mostly by men. But it is different today. Lion Dance Me is a lion dancing group in America. Today, its team includes both boys and girls. They dance together. “Anyone can take up lion dancing. You have to believe that you can do it,” says Ananda Tang-Lee, a 17-year-old girl. Lion dancing will continue to develop. But a team’s spirit will never change. “We call it a family,” Ananda says. “It’s really great, because we always have each other’s backs.” 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．What does lion dancing mean? ____________________________________________________ 2．What do the two dancers do in a lion dance? ____________________________________________________ 3．Why is lion dancing important to Anthony? ____________________________________________________ 4．What is Lion Dance Me? ____________________________________________________ 5．What do you think of lion dancing? Why do you think so? ____________________________________________________ 【答案】1．It means bringing good luck in the coming year. 2．One dancer controls the head and the other controls the tail. 3．Because this tradition really inspires him. 4．It is a lion dancing group in America. 5．I think it’s a wonderful traditional art. It is exciting to watch and shows our cultural spirit. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了舞狮这一中国传统活动的起源、意义、表演形式，并以纽约和美国的舞狮团体为例，说明了其现代发展，包括男女皆可参与、强调团队精神和互助的家庭氛围。 1．根据第一段“Lion dancing first started in China hundreds of years ago. It means bringing good luck in the coming year.”可知，舞狮意味着为来年带来好运。故填It means bringing good luck in the coming year. 2．根据第二段“One dancer controls the head and the other controls the tail.”可知，在一场舞狮表演中，一名舞者控制狮头，另一名控制狮尾。故填One dancer controls the head and the other controls the tail. 3．根据第三段安东尼的话“This tradition really inspires me... Lion dancing is important to Anthony.”可知，舞狮对安东尼很重要，是因为这项传统激励着他。故填Because this tradition really inspires him. 4．根据第四段“Lion Dance Me is a lion dancing group in America.”可知，Lion Dance Me是美国的一个舞狮团体。故填It is a lion dancing group in America. 5．本题为开放性问答，要求表达对舞狮的看法并说明原因。答案需观点明确，理由合理，可与文章提及的传统文化、团队精神、表演艺术性等相关。示例：我认为它是一项很棒的传统文化活动，观赏起来令人兴奋并展现了我们的文化精神。故填I think it’s a wonderful traditional art. It is exciting to watch and shows our cultural spirit. (答案符合逻辑、语法正确即可) 08 Red is a lucky color in Chinese culture and money in the red packet is called lucky money. During Chinese New Year, giving lucky money to children is a way of sending wishes and good luck to them. Lucky money has special meanings for Chinese people. Here is a story about it. It is said that there was a monster (怪物) called Sui in old times. Sui always came out and touched sleeping children’s heads on the night before Chinese New Year. Then the children would be scared and have a high fever. In order to stop the touch of Sui, people would stay up the whole night. This is called“Shou Sui” in Chinese. Later, people found that putting a red packet with money under the pillow (枕头) could scare away the monster. To keep children safe and healthy, giving lucky money during the festival became a tradition. Chinese people also give lucky money as gifts during other special events. Children can get it from their grandparents on birthdays. Sometimes people get lucky money from friends on the day of house-moving. Old people usually hand out lucky money face to face while young people like to send it through WeChat. Lucky money carries the message of happiness and good wishes, so we should use it in a proper way. For example, we can use it for school things. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．Why do people give children lucky money during Chinese New Year? ____________________________________________________ 2．What did the monster Sui do on the night before Chinese New Year? ____________________________________________________ 3．Where did people put the red packet to scare away Sui? ____________________________________________________ 4．When can Chinese people also get lucky money as gifts? (写出一个答案即可) ____________________________________________________ 5．How do you usually use your lucky money? ____________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．Because it’s a way of sending wishes and good luck to children. 2．Sui always came out and touched sleeping children’s heads. 3．Under the pillow. 4．On birthdays./On the day of house-moving. 5．I usually use it for school things.（开放性答案，言之有理即可） 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国文化中压岁钱的含义、相关传说以及压岁钱的赠送场合和人们处理压岁钱的方式等内容。 1．根据“During Chinese New Year, giving lucky money to children is a way of sending wishes and good luck to them”可知，春节给孩子压岁钱是为了给他们送上祝福和好运。故填Because it’s a way of sending wishes and good luck to children. 2．根据“Sui always came out and touched sleeping children’s heads on the night before Chinese New Year”可知，怪物崇在春节前一晚出来触摸熟睡孩子的头。故填Sui always came out and touched sleeping children’s heads. 3．根据“Later, people found that putting a red packet with money under the pillow (枕头) could scare away the monster.”可知，人们把装钱的红包放在枕头下，故填Under the pillow. 4．根据“Chinese people also give lucky money as gifts during other special events. Children can get it from their grandparents on birthdays. Sometimes people get lucky money from friends on the day of house-moving.”可知，中国人在其他特殊活动中也会送压岁钱作为礼物。孩子们可以在生日时从祖父母那里得到它。有时人们会在搬家当天从朋友那里得到压岁钱。故填On birthdays./On the day of house-moving. 5．开放性作答，结合实际，言之有理即可。根据“Lucky money carries the message of happiness and good wishes, so we should use it in a proper way. For example, we can use it for school things.”可知，我们可以把它用于学校的事情。故填I usually use it for school things. 09 Shadow puppet play (皮影戏) The Chinese shadow puppet play is an old art. It is usually played by five people. One moves the puppets, one sings and the other three people play music. It’s said that it appeared in China over 2,000 years ago during the Han Dynasty (朝代). After his wife of the Emperor (皇帝) Han Wudi died of illness, the emperor was very sad. One day, a man called Li Shaoweng saw children playing with dolls and the shadows of the dolls were dancing on the wall. So he came up with an idea to help Han Wudi. He went back home and made a puppet of the emperor’s wife. He put sticks on the puppet’s hands and feet to make it easy to move. When night came, he put up a cloth, lit (点燃) a candle (蜡烛) and invited the emperor to sit before the cloth. Li Shaoweng moved the puppet behind the cloth. The emperor felt like he was seeing his wife again and was very happy. After that the shadow puppet play became the emperor’s favorite hobby. Thousands of years have passed, but the shadow puppet play is still popular. And it is loved by more and more people all over the world. 根据语篇内容，回答问题。 1．Is the Chinese shadow puppet play an old art? ____________________________________________________ 2．When did the Chinese shadow puppet play appear? ____________________________________________________ 3．Who came up with an idea to help Han Wudi? ____________________________________________________ 4．Why did Han Wudi become happy while seeing the puppet? ____________________________________________________ 5．If you have a chance to learn shadow puppet play, do you want to try? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．Yes, it is. 2．It appeared over 2,000 years ago during the Han Dynasty. 3．Li Shaoweng. 4．Because he felt like he was seeing his wife again. 5．Yes I do. Because I think it is interesting. 【导语】本文讲述了中国皮影戏的起源、表演形式及它作为古老艺术至今仍受欢迎的情况。 1．根据文中“The Chinese shadow puppet play is an old art.”可知，中国皮影戏是一种古老的艺术，故填Yes, it is. 2．根据文中“It's said that it appeared in China over 2,000 years ago during the Han Dynasty.”可知，中国皮影戏出现于2000多年前的汉朝，故填It appeared over 2,000 years ago during the Han Dynasty. 3．根据文中“So he came up with an idea to help Han Wudi. He went back home and made a puppet of the emperor’s wife.”（此处“he”指代前文的“Li Shaoweng”）可知，是李少翁想出办法帮助汉武帝，故填Li Shaoweng. 4．根据文中“The emperor felt like he was seeing his wife again and was very happy.”可知，汉武帝因为感觉像再次见到了妻子而开心，故填Because he felt like he was seeing his wife again. 5．是的，我想尝试。因为我觉得它很有趣。故填Yes I do. Because I think it is interesting. （本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可） 10 Chinese Culture While China is almost the same size as the US in area, it is home to about 1.3 billion people. It has a special culture with a very long history. Chinese Food      Food plays an important role in Chinese families. Different foods have special meanings. The most obvious (明显的) difference is that Chinese people eat their meals with chopsticks. One of the main foods in Chinese culture is rice. Tea is a favorite drink and it is popular in the market. Chinese New Year The Chinese calendar (日历) is called a lunar (阴历的) calendar. It is not the same as the one used in the US. New Year’s Day is in late winter. It is also called the Spring Festival. It has a big celebration of letting go of the old and bringing in the new. It has special foods and traditions. For example, sweeping the floor before New Year’s Day sweeps away all the old year’s bad luck. Chinese Zodiac (生肖) The Chinese zodiac, known as Sheng Xiao, follows a twelve-year cycle (循环). Each year is named after an animal. These animal signs are the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. For example, the year that begins in 2016 is the Year of the Monkey. Chinese Language Chinese is a complex (复杂的) language. Chinese writing developed almost 4,000 years ago and may even be older. Chinese writing has thousands of characters. A character represents (代表) a word. And it also has a meaning. Unlike English, there are no spaces in Chinese writing. Besides Standard Chinese, or Putonghua, Chinese people speak six other forms of the language, and there are many kinds of dialects (方言). 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．Is tea a favorite drink in China? ____________________________________________________ 2．What is the Chinese calendar called? ____________________________________________________ 3．How many years of cycle does the Chinese zodiac follow? ____________________________________________________ 4．What does a Chinese character represent? ____________________________________________________ 5．Do you think Chinese culture is special? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．Yes. 2．A lunar calendar. 3．12. 4．A Chinese character represents a word. 5．‌Yes. Because Chinese culture is different from that of many other countries, for example, Chinese people eat with chopsticks, and the Chinese calendar is not the same as the one used in the US. (答案不唯一，言之有理即可) 【导语】本文从食物、新年、生肖和语言几个方面介绍了中国文化。 1．根据“Tea is a favorite drink”可知，茶是最受欢迎的饮料。故填Yes. 2．根据“The Chinese calendar (日历) is called a lunar (阴历的) calendar.”可知，中国的日历被称为阴历。故填A lunar calendar. 3．根据“The Chinese zodiac…follows a twelve-year cycle”可知，周期是十二年。故填12. 4．根据“A character represents (代表) a word.”可知，一个汉字代表一个词。故填A Chinese character represents a word. 5．答案不唯一，言之有理即可，参考答案：‌Yes. Because Chinese culture is different from that of many other countries, for example, Chinese people eat with chopsticks, and the Chinese calendar is not the same as the one used in the US. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 11 Fantastic Chinese Culture任务型阅读专练 话题：中华文化 基础篇 01 If you walk through a park in the morning or evening, you might see people doing slow and beautiful movements—Carry the Tiger over the Mountain and White Crane Spreading Its Wings. In fact, they are practicing Taichi (太极). Taichi is an ancient art and a common exercise in China. It started in Henan Province in the mid-17th century (世纪). Now it has spread (传播) to over 150 countries and more than 100 million people practice it. Doing Taichi is good for health, because it makes us move more freely and become stronger. When doing slow movements, we focus on our hands and feet, controlling them better. Slow movements also help us take deep breaths. Marleni Calcina, a doctor from Peru, thinks Taichi is good for health. She has practiced it for over 10 years, seeing it as a way of life. Taichi taught her the value of “going slowly”. When she felt stressed, she found peace through Taichi. “Practicing Taichi is like speaking with my soul,” she said. Now, Taichi has become a symbol of Chinese culture. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．What kind of exercise can you see people practicing in the park according to paragraph 1? ____________________________________________________ 2．Where did Taichi first start? ____________________________________________________ 3．Why is doing Taichi good for health? ____________________________________________________ 4．Who is Marleni Calcina? ____________________________________________________ 5．How long has Marleni practiced Taichi? ____________________________________________________ 02 Dumplings are a traditional Chinese food with a history of more than 1,800 years. They are also delicious food on Chinese New Year’s Eve. They are really popular in China, especially in the north of China. Dumplings usually look like Chinese silver ingots (银元宝). Chinese people like to eat dumplings. There are some interesting ideas about them. For example, the more dumplings you eat during the Spring Festival, the more money you can make in the new year. Dumplings have different tastes because of their different fillings (馅). There are many different kinds of fillings. Some popular fillings are meat and vegetables. Different people like to eat dumplings with different fillings. Do you know how to make dumplings? Almost all Chinese people can make dumplings. They find it very easy to make dumplings. Here is a recipe for making dumplings: *First, mix the dough (面团) . *Next, make the dough into round wrappers (面皮) with a rolling pin (擀面杖) . *Then fill the wrappers with fillings. *After that, pinch (捏) the wrappers together. *Finally, cook them in the hot water. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1． Where are dumplings especially popular in China? ____________________________________________________ 2．What do dumplings usually look like? ____________________________________________________ 3．Why do dumplings have different tastes? ____________________________________________________ 4．How many steps are there to make dumplings according to the passage? ____________________________________________________ 5．Do you want to learn how to make dumplings? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________ 03 Here are some clothes for women from different times. Women in the 1940s dressed up in cheong-sams (旗袍). Cheong-sams were made of cotton or silk. They were colourful. Some of them had beautiful flowers on them. Women in them looked slim and really good. During that time, these clothes could help us to know whether (是否) you were rich or poor. Form the 1950s to the 1960s, women was interested in coats and trousers. They were more comfortable than cheong-sams. These clothes were made of cotton. They were blue or grey. More and more women began to work. Women felt proud (骄傲的) and comfortable because it was their first time to have the same right (权利) as men. Young girls in the 1980s thought they should wear colourful clothes. They liked the clothes that film stars wore. They tried hard to make some clothes like the stars’. Now people like designing their own clothes. These clothes are made of fur or even paper. But many people dislike using leather and fur because it will hurt animals. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．How did the women in cheong-sam look? ____________________________________________________ 2．What can we know from women in cheong-sam during that time? ____________________________________________________ 3．Why was women interested in coats and trousers from the 1950s to the 1960s? ____________________________________________________ 4．Who liked the clothes that film stars wore in the 1980s? ____________________________________________________ 5．Do all people like using leather and fur to design their own clothes? ____________________________________________________ 04 China has many special forms of traditional art. They are usually used to represent things that are important in life such as love, beauty and family. It was said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Liang. He sent them out to ask for help when in trouble. They are made of bamboo and covered with paper. Sky lanterns are used at festivals and other celebrations today. They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes. Chinese paper-cutting has been around for more than 1,500 years. It may sound very easy but is difficult to practise. The paper, usually red, is folded (折叠) before it is cut with scissors. The most common pictures are flowers, animals and things about Chinese history. During the Spring Festival, they are put up on windows, doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year. Chinese clay (泥塑) art is famous because the clay pieces are so small but they look very real. The pieces are carefully shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay and then allowed to air-dry. After drying, they are fired at a very high heat. Then they are painted after polishing (抛光). Finally, materials such as wood or paper are added as decorations (装饰). It takes several weeks to complete everything. These small pieces of clay art show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．Who first used sky lanterns? ____________________________________________________ 2．What are sky lanterns seen as bright symbols of? ____________________________________________________ 3．How long has Chinese paper-cutting been around? ____________________________________________________ 4．Where are the most common pictures put up during the Spring Festival? ____________________________________________________ 5. How are the clay pieces carefully shaped from a very special kind of clay?     ____________________________________________________ 05 How much do you know about Chinese oil-paper umbrellas? They are not just tools (工具) to keep people away from rain or sunlight, but also works of art (艺术品) with rich cultural meaning in China. Chinese oil-paper umbrellas are one of the world’s oldest umbrellas. According to historical records, the first oil-paper umbrella came out during the Eastern Han Dynasty. They soon became very popular, especially among the literati (文人). They loved to write and draw on the umbrella to show their literacy tastes and painting skills. Oil-paper umbrellas are a necessary part of traditional Chinese weddings (婚礼). A red oil-paper umbrella is needed when the bride (新娘) goes into the groom’s home. That’s because people believe the umbrella can help stop bad luck. Also, the sound of oil-paper in Chinese sounds like “youzi”, which means having more children. It takes quite a lot of time and effort to make a Chinese oil-paper umbrella by hand. Luzhou in southwest China’s Sichuan Province is now the only main production place for handmade oil-paper umbrellas in China. There, craftsmen (手艺人) must complete more than 90 steps and use over 100 different tools to make a single umbrella. With all their efforts, a traditional oil-paper umbrella made in Luzhou can stand strong winds and 3,000 openings and closings. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．Do people use oil-paper umbrellas on sunny days? ____________________________________________________ 2．When did the first oil-paper umbrella appear? ____________________________________________________ 3．Why is a red oil-paper umbrella necessary for a traditional Chinese wedding? ____________________________________________________ 4．How many times can an oil-paper umbrella made by hand in Luzhou open and close? ____________________________________________________ 5．Will you buy an oil-paper umbrella made by band? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________ 06 “The taste of tea is soft, but it can reach far.” This special idea into Chinese tea culture comes from Ngoc, a student from Vietnam. Now as a college student at Yunnan University, she has been in Kunming, Yunnan, for three years. During her time in China, Ngoc likes Chinese tea culture because of her strong interest in Chinese history and culture. “I was trying to connect with Chinese society through observation (观察) and study to learn about modern China,” she said. As an agricultural country, Vietnam has been growing tea for more than 3,000 years. Drinking tea is a big custom in the country. Usually, Ngoc likes to drink tea while chatting with friends. Over the years, she gradually learned the differences in tea culture between China and Vietnam. “People usually drink Pu’er tea in Yunnan, but in Vietnam, dark tea and black tea are more popular,” she said. Ngoc also found that in China, people like to drink tea in nice tea shops. But in Vietnam, people often just drink tea on the street. It’s quite casual (随意的). For her, tasting a pot of good tea, just like tasting life, is both bitter (苦涩的) and sweet. “The tea tastes bitter at first, but when the bitterness goes away, the sweetness comes. I also hope that my life is like tea, after the bitter comes the sweet,” she said. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．What is Ngoc according to the passage? ____________________________________________________ 2．Why does Ngoc like Chinese tea culture? ____________________________________________________ 3．How long has Vietnam been growing tea? ____________________________________________________ 4．Where do people like to drink tea in China? ____________________________________________________ 5．What does Ngoc hope? ____________________________________________________ 培优篇 07 Have you ever seen lions dancing in the streets? The lions dance to the beat of a drum. Of course, they are not real lions. They are dancers in lion costumes. Lion dancing first started in China hundreds of years ago. It means bringing good luck in the coming year. Usually, a lion dance needs two dancers. One dancer controls the head and the other controls the tail. “I think of it as a sport,” says Anthony Huang, aged 16. He is a member of the New York Chinese Freemasons Athletic Club (纽约华人共济会俱乐部). Anthony performs as the lion’s head. It can weigh 20 pounds. Lion dancing is important to Anthony. “This tradition really inspires me,” he says. In the past, lion dancing was performed mostly by men. But it is different today. Lion Dance Me is a lion dancing group in America. Today, its team includes both boys and girls. They dance together. “Anyone can take up lion dancing. You have to believe that you can do it,” says Ananda Tang-Lee, a 17-year-old girl. Lion dancing will continue to develop. But a team’s spirit will never change. “We call it a family,” Ananda says. “It’s really great, because we always have each other’s backs.” 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．What does lion dancing mean? ____________________________________________________ 2．What do the two dancers do in a lion dance? ____________________________________________________ 3．Why is lion dancing important to Anthony? ____________________________________________________ 4．What is Lion Dance Me? ____________________________________________________ 5．What do you think of lion dancing? Why do you think so? ____________________________________________________ 08 Red is a lucky color in Chinese culture and money in the red packet is called lucky money. During Chinese New Year, giving lucky money to children is a way of sending wishes and good luck to them. Lucky money has special meanings for Chinese people. Here is a story about it. It is said that there was a monster (怪物) called Sui in old times. Sui always came out and touched sleeping children’s heads on the night before Chinese New Year. Then the children would be scared and have a high fever. In order to stop the touch of Sui, people would stay up the whole night. This is called“Shou Sui” in Chinese. Later, people found that putting a red packet with money under the pillow (枕头) could scare away the monster. To keep children safe and healthy, giving lucky money during the festival became a tradition. Chinese people also give lucky money as gifts during other special events. Children can get it from their grandparents on birthdays. Sometimes people get lucky money from friends on the day of house-moving. Old people usually hand out lucky money face to face while young people like to send it through WeChat. Lucky money carries the message of happiness and good wishes, so we should use it in a proper way. For example, we can use it for school things. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．Why do people give children lucky money during Chinese New Year? ____________________________________________________ 2．What did the monster Sui do on the night before Chinese New Year? ____________________________________________________ 3．Where did people put the red packet to scare away Sui? ____________________________________________________ 4．When can Chinese people also get lucky money as gifts? (写出一个答案即可) ____________________________________________________ 5．How do you usually use your lucky money? ____________________________________________________ 09 Shadow puppet play (皮影戏) The Chinese shadow puppet play is an old art. It is usually played by five people. One moves the puppets, one sings and the other three people play music. It’s said that it appeared in China over 2,000 years ago during the Han Dynasty (朝代). After his wife of the Emperor (皇帝) Han Wudi died of illness, the emperor was very sad. One day, a man called Li Shaoweng saw children playing with dolls and the shadows of the dolls were dancing on the wall. So he came up with an idea to help Han Wudi. He went back home and made a puppet of the emperor’s wife. He put sticks on the puppet’s hands and feet to make it easy to move. When night came, he put up a cloth, lit (点燃) a candle (蜡烛) and invited the emperor to sit before the cloth. Li Shaoweng moved the puppet behind the cloth. The emperor felt like he was seeing his wife again and was very happy. After that the shadow puppet play became the emperor’s favorite hobby. Thousands of years have passed, but the shadow puppet play is still popular. And it is loved by more and more people all over the world. 根据语篇内容，回答问题。 1．Is the Chinese shadow puppet play an old art? ____________________________________________________ 2．When did the Chinese shadow puppet play appear? ____________________________________________________ 3．Who came up with an idea to help Han Wudi? ____________________________________________________ 4．Why did Han Wudi become happy while seeing the puppet? ____________________________________________________ 5．If you have a chance to learn shadow puppet play, do you want to try? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________ 10 Chinese Culture While China is almost the same size as the US in area, it is home to about 1.3 billion people. It has a special culture with a very long history. Chinese Food      Food plays an important role in Chinese families. Different foods have special meanings. The most obvious (明显的) difference is that Chinese people eat their meals with chopsticks. One of the main foods in Chinese culture is rice. Tea is a favorite drink and it is popular in the market. Chinese New Year The Chinese calendar (日历) is called a lunar (阴历的) calendar. It is not the same as the one used in the US. New Year’s Day is in late winter. It is also called the Spring Festival. It has a big celebration of letting go of the old and bringing in the new. It has special foods and traditions. For example, sweeping the floor before New Year’s Day sweeps away all the old year’s bad luck. Chinese Zodiac (生肖) The Chinese zodiac, known as Sheng Xiao, follows a twelve-year cycle (循环). Each year is named after an animal. These animal signs are the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. For example, the year that begins in 2016 is the Year of the Monkey. Chinese Language Chinese is a complex (复杂的) language. Chinese writing developed almost 4,000 years ago and may even be older. Chinese writing has thousands of characters. A character represents (代表) a word. And it also has a meaning. Unlike English, there are no spaces in Chinese writing. Besides Standard Chinese, or Putonghua, Chinese people speak six other forms of the language, and there are many kinds of dialects (方言). 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．Is tea a favorite drink in China? ____________________________________________________ 2．What is the Chinese calendar called? ____________________________________________________ 3．How many years of cycle does the Chinese zodiac follow? ____________________________________________________ 4．What does a Chinese character represent? ____________________________________________________ 5．Do you think Chinese culture is special? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $