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教学课件
新人教版八年级上册
Unit 5语法专项——可数名词与不可数名词+感叹句
全解精讲+分层练习
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Unit5核心语法总览
本单元核心掌握两大语法点可数与不可数名词、感叹句
重点理解可数不可数名词的辨析、数量表达及主谓一致
掌握what和how引导感叹句的基本结构与核心用法
学会区分some/any的使用场景,规避名词变形易错点
能快速判断感叹句引导词,灵活进行陈述句与感叹句转换
结合专项练习,夯实基础,提升两大语法点的语境应用能力
可数名词核心概念
可数名词是可以数出具体数量的名词
有单数和复数两种形式,单复数可灵活转换
单数形式前可直接加不定冠词a/an修饰
复数形式可直接用数词或数量词修饰
例 tomato→tomatoes egg→eggs carrot→carrots
不可数名词核心概念
不可数名词是无法直接数出具体数量的名词
本身无复数形式,词形不随数量变化
不能直接用a/an或数词修饰,需借助量词
分为物质名词和抽象名词两类,本单元侧重食材类
例 milk rice flour sugar meat均为不可数名词
可数名词的规则复数变形
一般可数名词直接在词尾加-s
例 carrot→carrots apple→apples onion→onions
以s/x/ch/sh结尾的词加-es
例 box→boxes brush→brushes
以o结尾的食材类名词加-es
例 tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes
可数名词的不规则复数变形
部分可数名词复数形式无固定规则
需单独记忆,是本单元核心易错点
例 leaf→leaves knife→knives
child→children foot→feet
本单元重点掌握食材类不规则变形
不可数名词的类别特征
物质名词:表材料、食物、液体等具体事物
例 milk water flour sugar meat butter cheese
抽象名词:表情感、概念、时间等抽象事物
例 happiness time love health
不可数名词无单复数,需通过量词表数量
可数名词的数量表达
单数:a/an + 可数名词单数
例 a potato a tomato an egg an apple
复数:数词 + 可数名词复数
例 three carrots five onions two cakes
限定词:some/many/few/a few + 可数名词复数
不可数名词的数量表达
基础结构:量词 + of + 不可数名词
量词有单复数变化,名词保持原形
常用限定词:some/much/little/a little + 不可数名词
不可数名词不能直接用数词修饰
例 two milk为错误表达,需用two bottles of milk
食材类常用量词搭配(一)
milk → a glass/bottle of milk 一杯/一瓶牛奶
rice → a bowl of rice 一碗米饭
flour → a bag of flour 一袋面粉
sugar → a spoon of sugar 一勺糖
water → a cup/bottle of water 一杯/一瓶水
食材类常用量词搭配(二)
meat → a piece of meat 一片肉
cheese → a piece of cheese 一块奶酪
butter → a piece of butter 一块黄油
juice → a glass of juice 一杯果汁
oil → a bottle of oil 一瓶油
核心考点一 可数不可数名词辨析
易混可数名词:tomato potato egg carrot onion cake
cake表具体一块时可数,表种类时不可数
易混不可数名词:milk rice flour sugar salt butter
区分关键:看能否直接用数词数出具体数量
核心考点二 量词+of的主谓一致
数词+量词+of+名词作主语时
谓语动词单复数由量词的单复数决定
量词单数→谓语用单数,量词复数→谓语用复数
例 A bowl of rice is on the table
Two bowls of rice are on the table
核心考点三 some/any的用法规则
some用于肯定句,修饰可数复数或不可数名词
例 I have some tomatoes and some milk
any用于否定句和疑问句,修饰可数复数或不可数名词
例 I don’t have any sugar Do you have any eggs
核心考点四 some/any的特殊用法
some用于疑问句表请求或建议,希望得到肯定回答
例 Can I have some water Can you give me some eggs
any用于肯定句表“任何一个/一些”
例 Any student can answer this question
此类特殊用法为考试高频考点,需重点掌握
核心考点五 不可数名词的复数表达
不可数名词本身无复数形式,不能加-s/-es
表“多种/不同类”时,用kinds of/sorts of+不可数名词
例 different kinds of meat 不同种类的肉
many sorts of flour 多种面粉
结构中名词始终保持原形
感叹句核心概念
感叹句用于表达强烈的情感,如赞叹惊喜惋惜愤怒
本单元主要学习what和how引导的感叹句
句末必须使用感叹号,语气强烈
可结合美食主题,用于赞叹食物、制作过程等
what修饰名词,how修饰形容词或副词
what引导感叹句 结构一
核心结构:What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + (主+谓)!
a/an根据形容词后名词的音素开头判断
主语和谓语可以省略,不影响句意
例 What an amazing cake (it is)!
What a delicious pancake (it is)!
what引导感叹句 结构二
核心结构:What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + (主+谓)!
复数名词前不加a/an,直接用形容词修饰
主语和谓语常省略,是日常使用的常用形式
例 What delicious cakes (they are)!
What fresh vegetables (they are)!
what引导感叹句 结构三
核心结构:What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主+谓)!
不可数名词前不加a/an,名词保持原形
部分不可数名词可与a连用表“一种/一场”
例 What sweet milk (it is)!
What a mess (it is)!
how引导感叹句 结构一
核心结构:How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!
how修饰形容词,形容词后必须接主谓语
主谓语不可省略,是与what感叹句的重要区别
例 How delicious the soup is!
How beautiful the cake looks!
how引导感叹句 结构二
核心结构:How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
how修饰副词,副词多用来修饰动词
主谓语同样不可省略,需完整书写
例 How well she cooks!
How fast he makes noodles!
how引导感叹句 结构三
核心结构:How + 主语 + 谓语!
how直接修饰整个句子,表达强烈情感
无形容词或副词,主谓语为核心
多为固定搭配,需直接记忆
例 How time flies! How he works!
核心考点六 感叹句引导词判断技巧
快速判断法:去掉句末的主语和谓语
剩余部分核心词是名词→用what
剩余部分核心词是形容词/副词→用how
例 ____ delicious the soup is! 核心词delicious→
例 ____ delicious soup it is! 核心词soup→
How
What
核心考点七 感叹句中a/an的使用
what引导的感叹句中,单数可数名词前必加a/an
an用于元音音素开头的单词前
a用于辅音音素开头的单词前
例 What a pretty cake! What an amazing smell!
不可数和复数名词前不加a/an
核心考点八 感叹句主谓语的省略规则
what引导的感叹句:主谓语可省略,简洁常用
例 What a tasty apple! 省略it is
how引导的感叹句:主谓语不可省略,否则句子不完整
错误:How delicious! 正确:How delicious the food is!
专项练习一 判断可数(C)/不可数(U)
判断下列名词是可数名词(C)还是不可数名词(U)
1.juice → 2. onion → 3. butter →
4.apple → 5. flour → 6. egg →
7.cheese → 8. carrot → 9 . water →
10.meat → 11. potato → 12. sugar →
U
C
U
C
U
C
U
C
U
U
C
U
专项练习二 用所给词适当形式填空
1.I need five ________ (tomato) for the salad
2.There is some ________ (juice) in the bottle
3.How many ________ (onion) do you want to buy
4.Two ________ (bowl) of rice are on the table
5.She adds three ________ (spoon) of sugar to coffee
6.There are some ________ (carrot) in the fridge
7.How much ________ (flour) do we need for bread
8.I have two ________ (cake) for my breakfast
tomatoes
juice
onions
bowls
spoons
carrots
flour
cakes
专项练习三 用some/any填空
1.I have ________ eggs, but I don’t have ________ milk
2.Can you give me ________ water, please
3.Do you have ________ potatoes in the kitchen
4.There is ________ sugar in the bowl, you can use it
5.He doesn’t have ________ carrots, so he needs to buy some
6.________ student can join the cooking club
some
any
some
any
some
any
Any
专项练习四 用what/how/what an填空
1.__________ delicious the noodles taste!
2.___________ a lovely cake it is!
3.___________ fast she makes dumplings!
4.___________ amazing smell the soup has!
5.___________ fresh the vegetables are!
6.___________ a clever cook he is!
7.___________ sweet the milk is!
8.___________ terrible the food tastes!
How
What
How
What an
How
What
How
How
专项练习五 单项选择
1.There ________ a glass of milk and two cakes on the table
A is B are C am
2.How many ________ do you need?
A potato B potatoes C potatos
3.________ delicious soup it is!
A What B How C What a
4.I need ________ flour and ________ egg
A some; an B some; a C any; an
5.How ________ she cooks!
A good B well C nice
6.There are three ________ of water on the desk
A bottle B bottles C a bottle
A
B
A
A
B
B
专项练习六 句型转换
1.The cake is very delicious.(改为how引导的感叹句)
2.It’s a beautiful flower.(改为what引导的感叹句)
3.He cooks very well.(改为感叹句)
4.What a cute dog it is!(改为how引导的同义句)
5.How fresh the fruit is!(改为what引导的同义句)
6.The soup tastes very sweet.(改为感叹句)
How delicious the cake is!
What a beautiful flower it is!
How well he cooks!
How cute the dog is!
What fresh fruit it is!
How sweet the soup tastes!
专项练习七 改错
找出下列句子中的错误并改正
1.I have two milk for breakfast
2.What delicious the food is!
3.There are a bowl of rice on the table
4.How a clever boy he is!
5.Do you have some tomatoes?
6.She needs three potato for the dish
two→two glasses of
What→How
are→is
How→What
some→any
potato→potatoes
教学课件
Unit 5语法专项——可数名词与不可数名词+感叹句
Thank you for listening!
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