Unit 2 语法讲解及习题：一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense) 2025-2026学年沪外教版英语七年级上册

沪外教版英语七上Unit2语法讲解及习题 一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense) 一、语法详细讲解 结合沪外教版七上Unit2 "Making friends" 教材内容,本单元核心语法为一般过去时。该时态用于描述过去发生的、已经结束的动作或状态,是七年级叙事写作(如讲述交友故事)的核心时态。 语法点一:核心概念与时间标志词 1. 核心定义 表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态,或过去习惯性、经常性的动作。 2. 教材高频时间标志词(必记) 类别 常见词汇/短语 例句 单时间点 yesterday(昨天), last night/week/year(昨晚/上周/去年) I made a new friend yesterday. 我昨天交了一个新朋友。 时间段前 the day before yesterday(前天), in 2023(在2023年) She came to our school the day before yesterday. 她前天来的我们学校。 时间段后 ...ago(……以前) We met three years ago. 我们三年前见过面。 叙事类 at first(起初), that night(那天晚上), one day(有一天) At first, he felt lonely at the new school. 起初,他在新学校感到孤独。 语法点二:动词过去式的构成(规则+不规则) 教材明确区分规则动词和不规则动词,这是本单元语法的基础。 1. 规则动词过去式变化规则(4类) 规则 构成方式 例词 过去式 一般情况 直接加 -ed play, work, show played, worked, showed 以不发音的e结尾 直接加 -d like, live, decide liked, lived, decided 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i,加 -ed study, worry, carry studied, worried, carried 重读闭音节(辅+元+辅) 双写末尾辅音,加 -ed stop, plan, skip stopped, planned, skipped 2. 教材核心不规则动词(熟记) 本单元课文及语法板块出现的高频不规则动词,需单独记忆: 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 am/is was是 feel felt感觉 are were是 have had有 do did做/干 read read读(发音不变) go went去 take took拿/带 make made制作/交(朋友) say said说 meet met遇见 know knew知道 语法点三:一般过去时的四大句式结构 根据教材C3-C4板块,核心考点为实义动词和be动词的句式变化,二者规则不同,需严格区分。 1. 实义动词(行为动词)的句式变化 以动词 play 为例,借助助动词did 构成否定句和疑问句,did后动词还原为原形。 句式 结构公式 例句 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 He shared his story with his classmates. 他和同学们分享了他的故事。 否定句 主语 + didn't (did not) + 动词原形 + 其他 She didn't say anything in class. 她在课上什么也没说。 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Did Zihao make friends at last? 子豪最后交到朋友了吗? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? What did you do at school yesterday? 你昨天在学校做了什么? 2. be动词(was/were)的句式变化 无需借助did,直接用was/were的否定式或提至句首。 句式 结构公式 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他 The girl was new here. 这个女孩是新来的。 They were happy at the party. 他们在派对上很开心。 否定句 主语 + wasn't (was not)/weren't (were not) + 其他 He wasn't happy at the new school. 他在新学校不开心。 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他? Was Jiayi interested in Sanmao's stories? 嘉怡对三毛的故事感兴趣吗? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他? Where were you last night? 你昨晚在哪里? 二、语法专项习题 第一部分:动词形式填空(规则+不规则) 一、用所给动词的规则过去式填空 1. My brother _ (plan) a birthday party for his friend last week. 2. The students _ (show) their new books to the class yesterday. 3. She _ (study) English for two hours last night. 4. We _ (decide) to join the English club the day before yesterday. 5. My mother _ (like) the story about Sanmao very much. 6. They _ (walk) to school together this morning. 7. The girl _ (skip) rope on the playground just now. 8. He _ (live) in Shanghai when he was young. 二、用所给动词的不规则过去式填空 9. I _ (am) busy yesterday, so I _ (not have) time to play. 10. Chen Zihao _ (feel) lonely at first, but now he has many friends. 11. The teacher _ (read) a story to us in class yesterday. 12. We _ (make) a new friend in the library last Saturday. 13. —Where _ (go) you last weekend? —I _ (go) to the park with my parents. 14. She _ (say) hello to me, but I _ (not hear) her. 15. They _ (meet) their old teacher three years ago. 第二部分:句式转换专项 一、将下列句子改为否定句 16. Li Hua talked to the new girl in class. 17. The students were active in the English class. 18. I read an interesting story last night. 19. They had a good time at the party. 20. My father went to work by bike yesterday. 二、将下列句子改为一般疑问句并作肯定/否定回答 21. She was interested in making model planes.(否定回答) _ 22. He shared his favourite book with his deskmate.(肯定回答) _ 23. We played basketball on the playground last Friday.(否定回答) _ 24. The children were happy to see their friends.(肯定回答) _ 25. They did their homework at school yesterday.(否定回答) _ 第三部分:单项选择 26. —What _ you _ last night? —I watched a film about friendship. A. do; do B. did; do C. does; do D. did; did 27. Chen Zihao _ lonely at the new school at first, but now he likes it. A. feels B. felt C. feel D. feeling 28. My sister _ a new friend in her class the day before yesterday. A. makes B. made C. make D. making 29. —_ you at home last Sunday? —Yes, I _. I watched TV all day. A. Were; was B. Was; were C. Did; did D. Are; am 30. The new girl _ say anything because she was shy. A. isn't B. wasn't C. don't D. didn't 31. —Did Li Hua talk to the new student? —No, he _, but he wanted to. A. didn't B. wasn't C. don't D. isn't 32. We _ English for an hour yesterday afternoon. A. study B. studied C. studies D. are studying 33. One day, Mrs Qin _ a story about Sanmao to her students. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 34. —When _ you _ your old friend? —Last month. A. do; meet B. did; meet C. did; met D. will; meet 35. The students _ their books to the class and _ their stories happily. A. show; share B. showed; shared C. shows; shares D. showing; sharing 三、答案及详细解析 第一部分:动词形式填空 一、规则过去式 1. planned 解析:重读闭音节单词,双写末尾辅音字母n,加-ed。 2. showed 解析:一般情况,直接加-ed。 3. studied 解析:以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,加-ed。 4. decided 解析:以不发音的e结尾,直接加-d。 5. liked 解析:以不发音的e结尾,直接加-d。 6. walked 解析:一般情况,直接加-ed。 7. skipped 解析:重读闭音节单词,双写末尾辅音字母p,加-ed。 8. lived 解析:以不发音的e结尾,直接加-d。 二、不规则过去式 9. was; didn't have 解析:第一空,主语I,过去时用was;第二空,实义动词have,否定用didn't+原形。 10. felt 解析:feel的不规则过去式为felt,对应“at first”(过去时间)。 11. read 解析:read的过去式拼写不变,发音变为/red/。 12. made 解析:make的不规则过去式为made。 13. did; went 解析:第一空,实义动词go,疑问句借助did;第二空,go的不规则过去式为went。 14. said; didn't hear 解析:第一空,say的不规则过去式为said;第二空,实义动词hear,否定用didn't+原形。 15. met 解析:meet的不规则过去式为met。 第二部分:句式转换专项 一、否定句 16. Li Hua didn't talk to the new girl in class. 解析:实义动词过去式talked,否定用didn't+动词原形talk。 17. The students weren't active in the English class. 解析:be动词were,否定直接加not,缩写为weren't。 18. I didn't read an interesting story last night. 解析:实义动词过去式read,否定用didn't+动词原形read。 19. They didn't have a good time at the party. 解析:实义动词过去式had,否定用didn't+动词原形have。 20. My father didn't go to work by bike yesterday. 解析:实义动词过去式went,否定用didn't+动词原形go。 二、一般疑问句及回答 21. —Was she interested in making model planes? —No, she wasn't. 解析:be动词was提至句首;否定回答用No, 主语+wasn't。 22. —Did he share his favourite book with his deskmate? —Yes, he did. 解析:实义动词过去式shared,疑问句借助did+原形share;肯定回答用Yes, 主语+did。 23. —Did you play basketball on the playground last Friday? —No, we didn't. 解析:实义动词过去式played,疑问句借助did+原形play;否定回答用No, 主语+didn't。 24. —Were the children happy to see their friends? —Yes, they were. 解析:be动词were提至句首;肯定回答用Yes, 主语+were。 25. —Did they do their homework at school yesterday? —No, they didn't. 解析:实义动词过去式did,疑问句借助did+原形do;否定回答用No, 主语+didn't。 第三部分:单项选择 26. B 解析:根据“last night”可知用一般过去时;实义动词的特殊疑问句结构为“特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形”。 27. B 解析:根据“at first”可知描述过去的状态,feel的过去式为felt。 28. B 解析:根据“the day before yesterday”可知用一般过去时,make的过去式为made。 29. A 解析:第一空,主语you,过去时be动词用were;第二空,主语I,过去时be动词用was。 30. D 解析:实义动词say,否定需借助助动词;根据“was”可知用一般过去时,故用didn't。 31. A 解析:Did引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用No, 主语+didn't。 32. B 解析:根据“yesterday afternoon”可知用一般过去时,study的过去式为studied。 33. A 解析:根据“One day”可知描述过去的动作,read的过去式为read。 34. B 解析:根据“Last month”可知用一般过去时;实义动词的特殊疑问句借助did,后接动词原形meet。 35. B 解析:句子描述过去的连续动作,两个动词均用过去式,show的过去式为showed,share的过去式为shared。 ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $