专题15 连词与简单句、并列句、主从复合句考点归纳-2026届中考英语总复习（牛津译林版）

该初中英语中考复习知识清单全面覆盖“连词与简单句、并列句、主从复合句”核心内容，包含并列连词与从属连词分类功能，以及简单句成分连接、并列句逻辑关系、主从复合句（状语、宾语、定语从句）结构及转换等知识范畴，搭建从基础连词到复杂句式的递进式学习框架。 清单采用“功能对比表”“真题随堂练”“转换方法总结”整合知识体系，如标注“not only...but also...主谓一致就近原则”等重难点，用表格区分so...that与such...that用法，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设计“句子类型转换技巧”模块，助力学生自主梳理知识，为教师提供系统复习工具，提升备考效率。

专题15连词与简单句、并列句、主从复合句考点归纳 考点导览 考点讲练 考点1连词的分类与功能 一、并列连词 并列连词连接并列的词、短语或分句。常见的并列连词有以下几类： 1.表示并列关系的连词 and（和）、both...and...（……和……都，既……又……）、not only...but also...（不但……而且……）、neither...nor...（既不……也不……）、as well as（也，还） 2.表示转折关系的连词 but（但是）while（而）yet（然而,但是） 3.表示选择关系的连词 or（或者）、either...or...（要么……要么……）、not...but...（不是……而是……） 4.表示因果关系的连词 so（所以）、for（因为） 二、从属连词 从属连词在主从复合句中连接主句和从句,一般位于从句的句首。 类别 主要的从属连词（组）及用法 引导时间状语从句 when/while/as（当……时）、before（在……之前）、after（在……之后）、since（自从……）、once（一旦）、as soon as（一……就……） until（直到……为止） 引导条件状语从句 if（如果）、so/as long as（只要）、in case（以防万一）、unless（除非） 引导原因状语从句 because（因为）、as（由于）、since（既然）、now（that）（既然） 注意because强调直接原因和因果关系；as表示对方已知的原因，语气较弱；since表示已知的、显然的理由，语气比because弱，但比as强 引导目的状语从句 so that（以便,为了）、in order that（为了） 注意so that不能放句首；in order that可置于句首 引导结果状语从句 so that（因此）、so...that/such...that（如此……以至于） 注意so修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词 引导让步状语从句 though/although（尽管,虽然）、even if/though（即使）、whatever（无论什么）、wherever（在……的各个地方）、whenever（无论何时）、whoever（无论谁）、however（无论怎样） 引导比较状语从句 than（比）、as...as...（和……一样……）、not as/so...as...（不如……那样……） 引导地点状语从句 where（……的地方）、wherever（在……的各个地方） 引导方式状语从句 as（正如）、as if/though（好像） 考点2连词与简单句 在简单句中,主要句子成分可以由一个词或短语充当,也可以由两个或两个以上的词或短语充当,组成并列的成分。这些并列的成分主要由连词连接。 并列连词可连接的成分 1.并列的主语（注意主谓一致） Either the teacher or the students are responsible for cleaning the classroom.老师或学生负责打扫教室。 知识归纳需要注意主谓一致的连词 含义及用法 例句 both...and...“……和……都”（谓语动词用复数） Both my cousin and I like playing football.我的表弟和我都喜欢踢足球。 ①neither...nor...“……和……都不” ②either...or...“要么……要么……” ③not only...but（also）...“不仅……而且……” ④not...but...“不是……而是……” （连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的数与其最近的主语保持一致,即“就近原则”） Neither I nor he has been to China.我和他都没去过中国。 Either my father or my brothers are coming.不是我父亲就是我兄弟们要来。 Not only he but also I am interested in playing the drum.不只他，我也对打鼓感兴趣。 2.并列的谓语 He not only did the shopping,but also cooked the meal.他不仅买了东西，而且还做了饭。 3.并列的宾语 I'll look after you as well as your aunt.我会照顾你和你的姨母。 4.并列的定语 I love moist and chewy cookies.我喜欢口感湿润有嚼劲的饼干。 5.并列的状语 She had pains in her elbow and between her shoulder blades.她肘部和（两个）肩胛骨之间疼。 6.并列的补语 The coach asked the team to work harder and stay focused.教练要求队伍更加努力并且保持专注。 技巧点拨 通过观察与空处并列的词,可以帮助判断空处的词性、动词时态、名词的单复数等。 例1 Isn't it a pleasure to study and what you have learnt?（空处与to study并列，因此推断填动词原形。） 例2 It's a tradition for us Chinese to visit our and friends often.（空处与后面的friends并列作visit的宾语，因此推断填名词。） 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）_______ are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time． A．Not only Tim but also the twins B．Neither Victor nor Tom C．Bill as well as his friends D．Either Anita or Jack 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅Tim而且那对双胞胎在他们的空闲时间都着迷听流行音乐。 考查主谓一致。Not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，“twins”表示复数，be动词用are；Neither...nor意为“两者都不”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，“Tom”是单数，be动词用is；as well as意为“也”，be动词遵循“就远原则”，“Bill”是单数，be动词用is；Either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，“Jack”是单数，be动词用is。故选A。 2．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）—When are you going to visit Suqian SanTai Mountain Park? —I haven’t decided. ________ this Sunday ________ next Sunday is OK. I am free these two days. A．Not; but B．Neither; nor C．Either, or D．Both; and 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你打算什么时候去参观宿迁三台山公园？——我还没决定。要么这个星期天要么下个星期天都可以。这两天我有空。   考查连词短语辨析。Not... but...不是……而是……；Neither... nor...既不……也不……，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，表示否定意义；Either... or...表示“要么……要么……；或者……或者……”，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，表示选择关系；Both... and...表示“……和……都”，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示肯定意义。  根据“I haven’t decided.”以及“I am free these two days.”可知，说话人还没决定具体时间，这个星期天或者下个星期天都行，是在这两天中选择一天，所以用“Either... or...”符合语境r。故选C。 3．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The journey was so tiring that Daniel thought it was worth ________ time ________ the money. A．both; and B．neither; nor C．either; or D．not only; but also 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这次旅行太累人了，丹尼尔觉得不值得花时间和金钱。 考查连词辨析。both...and两者都；neither...nor既不……也不；either...or或者……或者；not only...but also不但……而且。根据“The journey was so tiring”可知旅行太累人了，所以他认为不值得花时间和金钱，用neither...nor连接。故选B。 4．（2023·江苏南京·一模）Try to be the master of your life. Life is a horse and ________ you ride it ________ it rides you. A．neither; nor B．either; or C．both; and D．not only; but also 【答案】B 【详解】句意：试着做自己生活的主人。生活就像一匹马，要么你驾驭它，要么它驾驭你。 考查连词辨析。neither...nor既不……也不……；either...or...要么……要么……；both...and两者都；not only...but also...不但……而且……。根据“...you ride it...it rides you”可知，要么你驾驭它，要么它驾驭你。故选B。 5．（2024·江苏常州·一模）I’m interested in ________ the comedy ________ the documentary. I enjoy comics. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我对喜剧和纪录片都不感兴趣。我喜欢看漫画。 考查连词。both...and两者都；either...or或者……或者；neither...nor既不……也不；not only...but also不仅……而且。根据“I enjoy comics”可知，我喜欢漫画，因此我既不喜欢喜剧，也不喜欢纪录片，故选C。 考点3连词与并列句 连词 含义及用法 例句 and “和,并且,而且” The cake looks delicious and smells sweet. “结果是，那么，就”表示结果 Be careful,and you'll make fewer mistakes. or “或者”,表示选择 You can go to the party tonight,or you can stay at home and study for the exam. “否则”,表示不做某事的后果 Work hard,or you'll fail in your exams. but “然而,但是,可是”，不和though或although连用 I failed last time,but I won't lose confidence. while “却，但是；而”，强调两种情况之间的差别 Tom's good at science,while his brother is hopeless. so “因此,所以”,不和because连用 She doesn't know French,so she doesn't understand me at all. for “因为”，用于补充说明理由,不放于句首 I was late this morning,for I got up late. 注意1.and除表示并列关系外，还表示顺承或递进关系。 2.“祈使句+and/or+一般将来时的陈述句”结构中,祈使句表示条件,在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。and表示顺承,or意为“否则”。 Get up early,and you'll catch the early bus.早点起床，你就会赶上早班公共汽车。 Get up early,or you'll miss the early bus.早点起床，否则你会错过早班公共汽车。 随堂训练 1．（2020·辽宁沈阳·一模）Are you here for the activity of making, buying or selling things for money ________ pleasure? A．and B．or C．but D．for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你在这里是为了赚钱或娱乐而从事制造，买卖东西的活动吗？ 考查连词辨析。and和；or或者；but但是；for为了。money“钱”和pleasure“娱乐”是两个并列关系的词。根据前文Are you here for the activity of making, buying or selling things，可知，从事这个活动是为了赚钱还是娱乐，表选择关系，所以空格处填选择关系的并列连词or。故选B。 2．（2023·江苏盐城·二模）Kitty wouldn’t accept others’ advice ______ think twice. A．and B．so C．or D．but 【答案】C 【详解】句意：基蒂不会接受别人的建议，或者三思而后行。 A. and并且，表示顺承；B. so因此，表示因果；C. or或者，表示选择；D. but但是，表示转折。根据语境“基蒂不会接受别人的建议，或者三思而后行。”可知，此处表示“选择”。故选C。 3．（2025·上海·模拟预测）Johnny had to write a report about Chinese history, ________ he went to the library A．for B．but C．or D．so 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Johnny需要写一篇关于中国历史的报告，所以他去了图书馆。 考查连词辨析。for因为（表原因）；but但是（表转折）；or或者（表选择）；so所以（表结果）。根据“Johnny had to write a report about Chinese history, …he went to the library”可知，写报告是去图书馆的原因，前后句是因果关系，因此此处用so连接。故选D。 4．（2025·安徽马鞍山·三模）—Are you free this Saturday? I’d like to invite you to my birthday party. —I’m always busy, ________ I won’t miss your birthday party. A．but B．and C．so D．for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个星期六你有空吗？我想邀请你参加我的生日聚会。——我总是很忙，但我不会错过你的生日聚会。 考查连词。but但是；and和；so因此；for为了。根据“I’m always busy,...I won’t miss your birthday party.”可知，前半句“我总是很忙”与后半句“不会错过生日派对”在句意上是转折关系，用but表示转折。故选A。 5．（2025·天津·模拟预测）We made a trip to Panshan Mountain ________ we enjoyed ourselves there. A．so B．though C．and D．if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们去了盘山旅行，并且在那里玩得很开心。 考查连词辨析。so所以；though虽然；and并且；if如果。根据“We made a trip to Panshan Mountain ... we enjoyed ourselves there.”可知，此处表示顺承关系。故选C。 考点4连词与主从复合句 一、连词与状语从句 1.时间状语从句 时间状语从句是指在复合句中充当时间状语的句子。当主句是一般将来时或祈使句时，时间状语从句通常用一般现在时。 连词 含义及用法 例句 when “当……时”,从句动词既可为延续性动词,也可为非延续性动词 I felt very happy when you came to see me. while “当……的时候”,从句动词为延续性动词 They rushed in while we were discussing problems. as “当……时”,侧重表示同时发生 Helen heard the story as she washed clothes. “随着” We get wiser as we get older. whenever “每当;任何时候”,可以和every time互换 Whenever I hear that tune,it makes me think of you. Come and visit me whenever you want. since “自……以来”,主句通常用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时 I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University. before “在……之前” I will always work hard before I achieve my dream. after “在……之后” She showed me many beautiful stamps after I got to her home. until/till 肯定句中意为“直到……为止”,主句动词用延续性动词 I'll wait for you until/till you come to see me. 否定句中用于“not...until...”结构，意为“直到……才”,主句动词用非延续性动词 He didn't cry until he saw his mother. as soon as “一……就……” As soon as he arrives,I'll tell him. 2.原因状语从句 原因状语从句是指在复合句中表示主句动作发生原因的句子。 连词 含义及用法 例句 since “由于,既然”,表示人们已知的事实、显然的理由 Since everyone is here,let's get started. as “因为”,与since的用法相似,所引出的原因很明显,或已为人们所熟知，不需要加以强调 As it was getting late,I turned around to start for home. 3.条件状语从句 条件状语从句在复合句中表示主句动作发生的条件。主句为祈使句、一般将来时或含有情态动词时,条件状语从句常用一般现在时。 连词 含义及用法 例句 if “如果” I'll visit the Great Wall if it doesn't rain tomorrow. unless “除非,如果不”（=if...not） Unless he apologizes,I will refuse to come. We'll go for an outing tomorrow unless it rains（=if it doesn't rain）. 4.结果状语从句 结果状语从句用来补充说明主句动作发生所带来的结果。引导结果状语从句的连词主要有so...that...和such...that...。 知识拓展 such...that...与so...that...的句型结构： such（such是限定词.只能修饰名词（词组））+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that so+形容词/副词+that so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that The boy is so young that he can't go to school. She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much. 5.目的状语从句 目的状语从句用以说明主句动作发生的目的。目的状语从句通常由so that和in order that等引导,表示“为了,以便”。从句中多使用情态动词can、may、will、could、might、would或should等。 ·He must get up early so that he can go to work on time. ·He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. 6.让步状语从句 让步状语从句表示即便出现从句中的情况，主句动作仍然会发生，有“退一步说……”的含义。 连词 含义及用法 例句 though/although “尽管,虽然”,可以与yet连用,但不与but连用 They are generous though they are poor. even though/even if “尽管,即使”,表示的语气更强 We'll make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad. while “在……同时;尽管” While the grandparents love the children,they are strict with them. wh-ever类引导词 “无论……”（=no matter+相应的wh-词） Whatever he says,don't believe him. Whoever you ask,you will get the same answer. 随堂训练 1．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Alice won second prize in the competition. ________ she stood on the stage with flowers in hands, her eyes were filled with tears. A．Until B．After C．While D．As 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Alice在比赛中获得了二等奖。当她手捧鲜花站在舞台上时，她的眼里充满了泪水。 考查连词辨析。Until直到；After在……之后；While当……时；As当……时。根据“she stood on the stage with flowers in hands, her eyes were filled with tears.”可知，此处表示当她站在舞台上时，眼里充满了泪水。主从句的两个动作同时发生，且stood是短暂性动词，用as引导时间状语从句。故选D。 2．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）I didn’t know how beautiful Xuzhou was ________ I came here. A．if B．until C．because D．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我直到来到这里才知道徐州有多美。 考查连词辨析。if如果；until直到……为止；because因为；after在……之后。根据“I didn’t know how beautiful Xuzhou was…I came here.”可知，此处应用until引导时间状语从句，not...until...“直到……才……”，表示直到来到这里才知道徐州有多美。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏徐州·三模）Please raise your hand ________ you agree with us. A．unless B．if C．although D．before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你同意我们的观点，请举手。 考查连词辨析。unless除非；if如果；although尽管；before在……之前。分析句子结构可知，从句是主句动作发生的条件，即“举手”的前提是“同意”，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。 4．（2025·江苏南京·三模）—It’s reported that the plastic pollution is seriously harming the global oceans. —Yes, and I think it will be worse ________ stronger laws are made. A．since B．if C．after D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——据报道，塑料污染正在严重地侵害着全球海洋。——是的，我认为除非更强有力的法律制定出来，否则情况会更加恶劣。 考查连词辨析。since自从；if如果；after在……之后；unless除非。根据“worse”和“stronger laws are made”可知，这里应该用unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。故选D。 5．（2025·江苏南京·二模）We’d better take action to solve a problem ______ it gets worse. A．before B．after C．until D．since 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们最好在问题变得更糟之前采取行动解决它。 考查连词辨析。before在……之前；after在……之后；until直到；since自从。根据句意可知，采取行动要在变得糟糕之前，before符合题意。故选A。 6．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）— Jack, have you done the survey? — Not yet. I am in New York now. I’ll start it ________ I come back. A．whenever B．as soon as C．before D．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——杰克，你做过调查了吗？——还没有。我现在在纽约。我一回来，就开始。 考查从属连词辨析。whenever无论何时；as soon as一……就……；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据“I’ll start it as soon as I come back”可知，此处表示一回来就会开始做调查，故用as soon as。故选B。 7．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）Wang Yaping’s love for space is ______ strong ______ she became China’s first female astronaut to walk in space. A．such ... that B．both... and C．so…that D．either... or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：王亚平对太空的热爱如此强烈，以至于她成为中国首位进行太空行走的女航天员。 考查连词辨析。such ... that如此……以至于，修饰名词；both... and两者都；so…that如此……以至于，修饰形容词或副词；either... or不是……就是……。根据“strong...she became China’s first female astronaut to walk in space.”可知，此句是一个复合句，后句表示结果，strong是形容词，应用so…that。故选C。 8．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Unbelievable! He is ________ boy that he is the first one in this exam. A．so hard-working B．such a hard-working C．such an crazy D．so a crazy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：难以置信！他是如此一个勤奋的男孩，以至于这次考试他是第一名。 考查结果状语从句。so修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”。根据“boy”为名词可知，应用such，结合“he is the first one in this exam”可知男孩很勤奋，应用“hard-working”来修饰小男孩。故选B。 9．（2025·江苏常州·一模）________ we are here in Liuzhou, why not taste the local Luosifen? A．Though B．Unless C．Because D．Since 【答案】D 【详解】句意：既然我们在柳州，为什么不尝尝当地的螺蛳粉呢？ 考查连词辨析。though尽管；unless除非；because因为；since既然。根据“... we are here in Liuzhou, why not taste the local Luosifen”可知，这里不是单纯表示因果关系，而是基于“我们在柳州”这个已知事实，提出“尝尝当地螺蛳粉”的建议，“since”有“既然”之意，用于引导已知原因，故选D。 10．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）We should protect the environment ________ we can make the world more beautiful. A．in order to B．so that C．such that D．as a result 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该保护环境，目的是让世界变得更加美丽。 考查目的状语从句。in order to为了，后加动词原形；so that目的是，后加目的状语从句；such that如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句；as a result结果。根据“We should protect the environment...we can make the world more beautiful.”可知，我们保护环境的目的是让世界变得更加美丽，空后为目的状语从句，故选B。 二、连接词与宾语从句 1.宾语从句的用法 宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子。宾语从句可跟在及物动词、介词和部分形容词之后作宾语。 I wondered how he managed to solve the problem so quickly. She told me（that）she was moving to a new city for her job. She is thinking about what she will do after graduation. I am glad that everyone is here on time. 2.宾语从句的连接词 连词 作用 例句 that 无意义，不作成分，可省略 He said（that）Kate was good at swimming. if/whether 意为“是否”，不可省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 连接代词what、which、who（m）、whose 在从句中作一定的成分（如主语、宾语等），不可省略 I don't know what they are going to do. He asked me whose book this was. 连接副词when、where、why、how等 在从句中作状语，不可省略 I asked him when he'd be back to pick me up. Do you know how they found the place? 知识拓展 除上述连词外，whatever（任何……的事物；什么……都）、whichever（……的哪个；……的哪些）、whoever（……的那个人或那些人；……的任何人）也可以引导宾语从句。 You can choose whichever book you like from the reading list. 3.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句必须是陈述语序，即按照先主语后谓语的顺序。 What is Kate's email address?Do you know? →Do you know what Kate's email address is? 4.宾语从句的时态 主句时态 从句时态 例句 一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、 根据实际情况而定，不受主句时态限制（主现从不限） I remember（that）he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he'll leave for New York tomorrow. 一般过去时、过去进行时 一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时、（主过从必过） He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked me if I had taken his soap. 任一时态 一般现在时（宾语从句表示客观真理、事实或是谚语、俗语） The geography teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 5.宾语从句的否定形式和疑问形式 （1）宾语从句的特殊否定形式——否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称（I/we），谓语动词是think、believe、suppose等时，要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。 I don't think（that）he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。 （2）疑问形式 带有宾语从句的陈述句转换为疑问句时通常只需要把主句变为疑问句。 陈述句：She is sure that she will pass the exam. 疑问句：Is she sure that she will pass the exam? 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—The Dragon Boat Festival is coming. I wonder ________. —In your grandparents’ home. A．how we will celebrate it B．how will we celebrate it C．where will we celebrate it D．where we will celebrate it 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——端午节快到了。我想知道我们将在哪里庆祝它。——在你爷爷奶奶家。 考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序需要用陈述语序，排除BC；根据“In your grandparents’ home.”可知，询问的是地点，应用where引导宾语从句。故选D。 2．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）We must find out ________ your holiday will begin, so we can book the flight ticket for you. A．how B．why C．when D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们必须弄清楚你的假期将在何时开始，这样我们才能为你预订机票。 考查宾语从句引导词辨析。how如何；why为何；when何时；where哪里。根据“your holiday will begin,”可知，这里表示需了解假期什么时候开始，询问时间段用when。故选C。 3．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—Could you tell me ________? —For a week. A．how soon he will come back B．how long have they been in Hong Kong C．how long I can keep the book D．how often do you practise baseball 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我这本书我能借多长时间吗？——一周。 考查宾语从句。根据“For a week”可知，表示某事持续的时间长度，因此问题部分应使用 how long引导宾语从句，来询问“某事持续多久”，故排除A和D选项；宾语从句应用陈述语序，选项B为疑问语序。故选C。 4．（2025·江苏常州·三模）—Have you heard of ChatGPT? Could you tell me ________? —Well, it is said that it can chat with users. A．what it can do B．what can it do C．how we can use it D．how can we use it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你听说过ChatGPT吗？你能告诉我它能做什么吗？——嗯，据说它可以与用户聊天。 考查what引导宾语从句和宾语从句的语序。what it can do它能做什么，陈述语序；what can it do它能做什么，疑问语序；how we can use it我们可以怎样使用它，陈述语序；how can we use it我们可以怎样使用它，疑问语序。分析句子结构可知，本句是宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序。结合后文“it can chat with users”可知，上文问的是ChatGPT能够做什么，应为what引导的宾语从句，故选A。 5．（2025·江苏常州·三模）—Could you please tell me ________? —Last month. A．how long Andrew has been away from Changzhou B．how long Andrew stayed in Changzhou C．when Andrew will come back to Changzhou D．when Andrew left Changzhou 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—— 你能告诉我安德鲁什么时候离开常州的吗？—— 上个月。 考查宾语从句。A选项“安德鲁离开常州多久了”，答语应是时间段；B选项“安德鲁在常州待了多久”，答语需是时间段；C选项“安德鲁将什么时候回常州”，答语应是将来时间；D选项“安德鲁什么时候离开常州”，答语“Last month”（上个月）是过去时间，符合语境，故选D。 三、关系词与定语从句 在主从复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，先行词通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，又作从句的一个成分。 1.含定语从句的复合句常见的结构 （1）主语+定语从句+动词+宾语 The dog that bark loudly scared the children.那只大声吠叫的狗吓到了孩子们。 （2）主语+动词+宾语+定语从句 I have a question that needs to be answered immediately.我有一个需要立即回答的问题。 2.引导定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词（如that、which、who、whom、whose）和关系副词（如when、where、why）。 （1）关系代词的用法 关系代词 先行词 所作成分 例句 that、who、whom 人 主语、宾语（whom只作宾语） Do you know the girl who/that is standing under the tree? The guest who/whom/that he introduced to us is a famous writer. that、which 物 主语、宾语 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her. whose 人/物 定语 The classroom whose windows are open is mine. 知识拓展 关系代词指代物时只能用that的情况 ①先行词为不定代词all、any、few、little、much、nothing、everything、something、anything等或被其修饰时 ·All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。 ②先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时 ·This is the first book that I have bought this year.这是我今年买的第一本书。 ·This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。 ③先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时 ·This is the very house that I have been looking for.这正是我一直在找的房子。 ④先行词既有人又有物时 ·We are talking about the teachers and schools that we visited last year.我们正在谈论去年我们拜访过的老师和学校。 注意关系代词作介词宾语时，可以把介词前置，这时只能用whom指人，用which指物。 （2）关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词 所作成分 例句 when 时间 状语 I still remember the day when（=on which）you left for Beijing. where 地点 This is the school where（=in which）my mother works. why 原因 Could you explain the reason why（=for which）you were late? 注意关系副词通常可替换为“介词+which”。 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏常州·三模）The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan ________ father was too sick to fight as a soldier. A．who B．whose C．that D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这本书讲述了一个叫木兰的女孩的故事，她的父亲病得太重，不能当兵打仗。 考查定语从句。根据“The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan...father was too sick to fight as a soldier.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是“a girl”，指人，且在从句中作定语，修饰名词“father”，所以用whose引导定语从句。故选B。 2．（2025·江苏南京·三模）The painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is an amazing artwork ________ shows the lively scenes of busy streets in Bianjing during the Northern Song Dynasty. A．which B．who C．what D．when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：《清明上河图》是一幅令人惊叹的艺术作品，它展示了北宋时期汴京繁华街道的热闹景象。 考查定语从句引导词。which指物，作主语或宾语；who指人，作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；when指时间，作状语。根据“The painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is an amazing artwork…shows the lively scenes of busy streets in Bianjing during the Northern Song Dynasty.”可知，先行词artwork为物，且从句缺少主语，应用which引导。故选A。 3．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—Have you read the article ________ tells the future of humans? —Not yet. I’m searching the Internet. A．who B．which C．what D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你读过那篇预测人类未来的文章了吗？——还没。我正在网上搜索。 考查定语从句。句子为定语从句，先行词为“the article”（物），且关系词在从句中作主语，应使用which或that。故选B。 4．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—What a pleasant trip to Yangzhou ! —Yes, I will never forget the friends and places of interest ________ I visited here. A．who B．what C．which D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——多么愉快的扬州之行！——是的，我永远不会忘记我在这里参观过的朋友和名胜。 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，“... I visited here”是定语从句，先行词“the friends and places of interest”是人和物，因此要用that引导定语从句，that可省略。故选D。 5．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）Have you found the details of Yangliwei ________ you can use for your report? A．whom B．what C．which D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你找到你可以在报告中使用的杨利伟的详情了吗？ 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为“the details”，且关系词代替先行词，在从句中作宾语，应用which引导。故选C。 考点5各种句子类型之间的转换 一、简单句和状语从句的转换 1.借助动词不定式（九下U3） （1）目的状语从句转换成简单句 He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.→He must get up early so as to/in order to go to work on time.他必须早点起床，以便能按时上班。 （2）结果状语从句转换成简单句 She was so angry that she could not speak.→She was too angry to speak.她气得说不出话来。 He was so foolish that he believed everything he read online.→He was foolish enough to believe everything he read online.他愚蠢到相信他在网上看到的一切。 注意用“动词不定式”将目的状语从句或结果状语从句转换成简单句的前提是从句的主语和主句的主语一致。 2.借助介词短语（九下U4） （1）时间状语从句转换成简单句 He left home when he was seventeen years old.→He left home at the age of seventeen.他17岁时离开了家。 （2）结果状语从句转换成简单句 The room was so comfortable that we were pleasantly surprised.→To our pleasant surprise,the room was so comfortable.这个房间非常舒适，我们都很惊喜。 （3）让步状语从句转换成简单句 Although she has fame and fortune,she is not happy.→She is unhappy in spite of her fame and fortune.尽管她有钱又有名，但她并不快乐。 （4）原因状语从句转换成简单句 She walks with a limp because she injured herself in childhood.→She walks with a limp owing to/because of a childhood injury.因儿时受过伤，她走路一瘸一拐的。 二、简单句和宾语从句的转换 1.借助动词不定式 I expected that the letter would arrive before noon.→I expected the letter to arrive before noon.我以为那封信中午之前能到达。 We are wondering how we shall begin and where we shall end.→We are wondering how to begin and where to end.（用疑问词+动词不定式） 我们正琢磨如何开始和在哪里结束。 注意用“疑问词+动词不定式”将宾语从句转换成简单句的前提是宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且主语的谓语动词通常是know、remember、forget、learn等。 三、简单句和定语从句的转换 1.借助介词短语 ·They found a kind of fish that has no eyes.→They found a kind of fish without eyes. 他们发现了一种没有眼睛的鱼。 t was the reason why he should be given a good chance.→It was the reason for giving him a good chance.这就是他得到一个好机会的原因。 2025泰州一模同义句转换 1．The boy became aware that he was doing right when his mother smiled to him. When the boy saw the____on his mother's face,he________that he was right. 【答案】smile；realized 2．These are sweet memories.I will never forget them. These memories are____sweet____I will remember them forever. 【答案】so；that 3．To get good grades in today's exam,David didn't go to bed until midnight yesterday. David__________until midnight yesterday in order to do well in today's exam. 【答案】stayed；up 4．跨专题考点The man who wears a blue shirt is our English teacher. The man________a blue shirt teaches____English. 【答案】wearing/in；us 综合训练 一．单项选择 1．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Today is June 5, World Environment Day. Let’s discuss ________. A．where shall we plant more trees B．what we can do to reduce waste C．how should we save more energy D．that we can live a green life 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天是六月五日，地球日。让我们讨论我们可以做些什么来减少浪费。 考查宾语从句。discuss后缺少宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“Let’s discuss...”可知，此处应是讨论能做些什么，that引导的宾语从句无实际含义，故选B。 2．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）—Dragon Heads-raising Day is a traditional festival in China. Could you please tell me ________? —With pleasure. People often get a haircut, eat dumplings or watch dragon dance. A．why it plays an important role B．how people usually celebrate it C．where these customs come from D．if it brings people luck and wish 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——龙抬头是中国的传统节日。你能告诉我人们通常是怎么庆祝的吗？——很乐意。人们经常理发、吃饺子或看舞龙。 考查宾语从句。why it plays an important role为什么它起着重要的作用；how people usually celebrate it人们通常是怎么庆祝的；where these customs come from这些习俗从何而来；if it brings people luck and wish是否它能给人们带来好运和希望。根据“People often get a haircut, eat dumplings or watch dragon dance.”可知，此处询问庆祝龙抬头的方式，用how引导宾语从句。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏南京·二模）There are ups and downs in life, and we should think about ______ we learn from them. A．why B．what C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：生活中有起有落，我们应该思考我们能从中学到什么。 考查宾语从句引导词辨析。why为什么；what什么；which哪一个；where哪里。分析句子结构可知，“we learn from them”是宾语从句，且从句中缺少learn的宾语，表示“学到什么”，所以应该用what来引导。故选B。 4．（2025·江苏徐州·二模）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________? —You’d better go there by underground. It’s a little far from here. A．how far Xuzhou Museum is B．how far is Xuzhou Museum C．how can I get to Xuzhou Museum D．how I can get to Xuzhou Museum 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我怎样才能到达徐州博物馆吗？——你最好乘地铁去那儿。它离这儿有点远。 考查宾语从句。根据回答“You’d better go there by underground.”可知，此处是在询问去某地的方式，应该用how引导宾语从句，并且宾语从句中要用陈述语序，即“疑问词+主语+谓语”的结构。结合选项，只有D选项“how I can get to Xuzhou Museum”是陈述语序。故选D。 5．（2025·江苏南京·二模）________ we have spare time, we can exercise outdoors and enjoy nature. A．If B．Until C．Before D．Though 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果我们有空闲时间，我们可以在户外锻炼，享受大自然。 考查连词。If如果；Until直到；Before在……以前；Though虽然。根据“…we have spare time, we can exercise outdoors and enjoy nature.”的语境可知，此处表示条件假设的关系，if符合。故选A。 6．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）Visitors didn’t realize the beauty of Suqian ______ they came here. A．if B．until C．because D．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：游客们直到来到这里才意识到宿迁的美丽。 考查连词辨析。if如果；until直到……才；because因为；after在……之后。根据“Visitors didn’t realize the beauty of Suqian…they came here.”可知，游客们直到来到这里才意识到宿迁的美丽，not…until…“直到……才……”，固定搭配。故选B。 7．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）—My family went to Taizhou to eat morning tea during the May Day holiday. —So did I. There are ________ many tourists that all the waiters ________ stopped to eat or rest the whole day. A．so; mostly B．such; nearly C．so; hardly D．such; highly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——五一假期，我们全家去泰州吃早茶。——我也是。游客太多了，所有的服务员一整天几乎都没停下来吃饭或休息。 考查结果状语从句及副词辨析。so…that如此……以至于，so修饰形容词或副词；such…that如此……以至于，such修饰名词；mostly主要地；nearly几乎；hardly几乎不；highly高度地。so many“很多”，后接可数名词复数；根据“…many tourists”可知，游客多，服务员应是很忙，指几乎都没停下来吃饭或休息，hardly符合。故选C。 8．（2025·江苏无锡·二模）—Can I have another ice cream? —Jack, you may have a toothache ________ you eat too much sweet food. A．if B．though C．unless D．until 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我能再吃一个冰淇淋吗？——杰克，如果你吃太多甜食，你可能会牙痛。 考查连词辨析。if如果；though尽管；unless除非；until直到。“you may have a toothache”是“you eat too much sweet food”的结果，此处应用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。 9．（2025·江苏无锡·二模）________ I usually don’t like musicals, I have to say this Broadway show was amazing! A．Unless B．Since C．Though D．Whether 【答案】C 【详解】句意：虽然我通常不喜欢音乐剧，但我不得不说这场百老汇演出太棒了！ 考查连词辨析。Unless除非；Since既然、自从；Though虽然；Whether是否。根据“I usually don’t like musicals”和“I have to say this Broadway show was amazing”可知，前后句存在让步关系，所以用Though。故选C。 10．（2025·江苏·二模）It’s important to keep learning about new technology ______ the world changes so fast. A．so B．or C．since D．unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：因为世界变化如此之快，所以持续学习新技术很重要。 考查连词辨析。so所以；or或者；since因为；unless除非。根据“It’s important to keep learning about new technology...the world changes so fast.”可知，前后句是因果关系，前果后因，应用since引导原因状语从句。故选C。 11．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）You can hardly imagine how amazing the book The House on Mango Street is ________ you read it yourself. A．unless B．when C．because D．since 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你很难想象《芒果街上的小屋》这本书有多精彩，除非你亲自读一读。 考查连词辨析。unless除非；when当……时候；because因为；since自从；因为。根据“You can hardly imagine how amazing the book...is”以及“you read it yourself”可知，这里表示一种条件关系，即不亲自读就很难想象书的精彩程度，“unless”符合语境。故选A。 12．（2025·江苏徐州·二模）You should go home now ________ you do not want to be caught in the rain. A．if B．so C．unless D．although 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你不想被雨困住，你现在就应该回家。 考查连词辨析。if如果，引导条件状语从句；so所以，表因果；unless除非，引导条件状语从句；although虽然，引导让步状语从句。根据语境，“you do not want to be caught in the rain”是“you should go home now”的条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。 13．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）It’s 8 o’clock now! ________ you have the proper excuse, your teacher must be angry with you. A．Since B．After C．Unless D．Because 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在八点了！除非你有合适的借口，否则老师一定会生你的气。 考查连词辨析。Since自从；After在……之后；Unless除非；Because因为。根据“…you have the proper excuse, the teacher must be angry with you.”可知，前半句是后半句的否定条件，此处应用Unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。 14．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）—I’ll go to the concert with you ________ I finish my homework. —Deal! A．unless B．if C．until D．though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——如果我做完作业，我就和你一起去听音乐会。——成交！ 考查连词辨析。unless除非；if如果；until直到；though虽然。根据“I’ll go to the concert with you… I finish my homework.”的语境可知，此处表示条件，指如果做完作业，就会和对方一起去听音乐会，if符合。故选B。 15．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）The museum ______ we visited yesterday has a history of 100 years. A．where B．when C．which D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们昨天参观的博物馆已有100年的历史。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此句是定语从句，先行词museum指物，空处作visited的宾语，所以可以用which或that引导定语从句。故选C。 16．（2025·江苏·二模）—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the ones ______ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最喜欢什么类型的电影？——我喜欢那些让我感到快乐和放松的东西。 考查定语从句引导词。what什么；which哪一个；who谁。根据“I like the ones…make me feel happy and relaxed.”可知，空处应用引导词引导定语从句，先行词为“the ones”，代指movies，指物，并且从句中缺少主语。故选B。 17．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）He is the man ________ I saw yesterday. A．where B．what C．who D．why 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他就是我昨天见到的那个人。 考查定语从句关系词。where指地点，关系副词；what什么，不能引导定语从句；who指人，可作宾语，关系代词；why表原因，关系副词。空处所在句为定语从句，先行词为“the man”，指人，且从句中缺少宾语，需用指人的关系代词who。故选C。 18．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）The movie ________we watched last night was really inspiring. A．who B．when C．where D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们昨晚看的电影真是鼓舞人心。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词movie在定语从句中作宾语，指物，所以关系代词用that或者which或者省略，故选D。 19．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Do you know the year ________ the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A．which B．that C．when D．on which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你知道中国共产党成立的那一年吗？ 考查定语从句。which哪一个；that那个；when在……时候；on which在这；分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词year在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故选C。 二．语法选择 A （2025·陕西西安·三模）Unlike traditional carpenters (木匠), An Xu makes wooden works about traditional Chinese culture and many little things. They can 1 in daily life. They have won him nearly 9 million online followers in just two years. An, 26, of Longshan village, Fenggang county, Guizhou province, 2 high school in 2011. He then tried several jobs in big 3 . But in 2019, he decided to be a carpenter on the advice of his parents and soon he fell in love 4 it. Over the past two years, An has kept on learning new skills through books and websites. 5 he was faced with many difficulties, he never gave up. He tried looking for teaching videos on the Internet and practiced over and over again. Then he also posted the process of making wooden works online. In 2020, An made a wooden work first built by Lu Ban. He then began 6 more works about traditional Chinese culture. Now he is trying to make another wooden work—a model of Wenfeng Tower, which has 7 years of history in his hometown. To help with his work, his parents even stopped their jobs. With 8 of his family, he has made more than 400,000 yuan through his 9 videos and sales of the wooden handicrafts so far. “While doing my favorite woodwork, I bring money and love to my family. I don’t know 10 me. In my eyes, it is the best way of life.” An said. 1．A．use B．uses C．be used D．are used 2．A．leave B．leaves C．has left D．left 3．A．city B．cities C．forest D．forests 4．A．with B．between C．for D．against 5．A．Unless B．Although C．Before D．Because 6．A．design B．to design C．avoid D．to avoid 7．A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundred of D．hundreds of 8．A．help B．a help C．the help D．helps 9．A．wonder B．wonders C．wonderful D．wonderfully 10．A．what others think about B．why others think about C．what do others think about D．why do others think about 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了年轻木匠安旭自学木匠手艺，在网络平台发布制作木制工艺品的视频及销售工艺品，赚了40多万，告诉我们无需在意别人的眼光，做自己喜欢的事。 1．句意：它们可以在日常生活中使用。 use使用(动词原形)；uses使用(第三人称单数)；be used被使用(被动语态原形)；are used被使用(被动语态复数)。此句主语是“They”指木制品，需要被动语态，表示“被使用”。前面有情态动词can，因此be用原形。故选C。 2．句意：贵州省凤冈县龙山村26岁的安，在2011年离开高中。 leave离开(原形)；leaves离开(三单)；has left已经离开(现在完成时)；left离开(过去式)。根据时间状语“in 2011”需用过去式。故选D。 3．句意：然后他在大城市尝试了几份工作。 city城市(单数)；cities城市(复数)；forest森林(单数)；forests森林(复数)。根据“several jobs”可知，是在大城市工作，且此处为复数形式。故选B。 4．句意：但在2019年，他听从父母的建议，决定成为一名木匠，并很快爱上了木工。 with和；between在……之间；for为了；against反对。此处是fall in love with表示“爱上”。故选A。 5．句意：尽管面临许多困难，他从未放弃。 Unless除非；Although尽管；Before在……之前；Because因为。根据“he was faced with many difficulties,”和“he never gave up”两句关系可知，此处表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。故选B。 6．句意：然后他开始设计更多传统文化作品。 design设计(原形)；to design设计(不定式)；avoid避免(原形)；to avoid避免(不定式)。此处是begin to do“开始做某事”，为固定用法。且根据“more works about traditional Chinese culture”可知，此处表示“设计”作品。故选B。 7．句意：现在他尝试做另一个木工作品——文峰塔模型，文峰塔在他的家乡有数百年历史。 hundred百(单数)；hundreds百(复数)；hundred of(错误搭配)；hundreds of数百(固定搭配)。此处表示约数用“hundreds of”，表示“数百的”。故选D。 8．句意：在家人的帮助下，他通过自己的精彩视频和木制手工艺品的销售，到目前为止已经赚了40多万元。 help帮助(不可数名词)；a help一个帮助(单数)；the help特指帮助；helps帮助(复数)。此处是with the help of“在……的帮助下”，为固定搭配。故选C。 9．句意：在家人的帮助下，他通过自己的精彩视频和木制手工艺品的销售，到目前为止已经赚了40多万元。 wonder奇迹(名词)；wonders奇迹(复数)；wonderful精彩的(形容词)；wonderfully精彩地(副词)。根据“his … videos”可知，此处修饰名词“videos”需用形容词。故选C。 10．句意：我不知道别人怎么看我。 what others think about别人如何看待(正确语序)；why others think about为什么别人考虑(语义不符)；what do others think about(疑问语序错误)；why do others think about(疑问语序错误)。根据“I don’t know”可知，此处作“know”的宾语，用what引导宾语从句，需用陈述语序。故选A。 B （2025·陕西西安·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Today, I feel honored to introduce my hometown Xi’an to you. As 1 capital city of Shaanxi province, it is known as one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Xi’an lies 2 the northwest of China. The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. At that time, the city 3 Chang’an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an 4 greater importance and became more famous all over the world. There 5 millions of people and lots of beautiful palaces. Both Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in building their ancient capitals. Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall is a good example. It goes around the city and is an important cultural site. In central Xi’an, there is the Bell Tower— 6 bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first built in the Ming Dynasty as an emergency alarm (紧急报警) 7 danger, and later it was very often used to tell people 8 . Now, it still stands there and becomes a symbol of the city. Xi’an is a city with a long history and rich culture, and it 9 a part of the modern world. It is best known as a center of software research, development and service. Compared with many other 10 , Xi’an not only always keeps the best of the past, but at the same time, warmly welcomes the future with its open arms. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．in B．on C．to D．from 3．A．name B．named C．is named D．was named 4．A．achieves B．achieved C．was achieving D．has achieved 5．A．have B．had C．are D．were 6．A．large B．larger C．largest D．the largest 7．A．to bring B．bring C．to warn D．warn 8．A．what time is it B．what time it is C．what time was it D．what time it was 9．A．is also B．was also C．also is D．also was 10．A．city B．cities C．country D．countries 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 6．D 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了西安的历史地位、地理位置、古代发展历程以及现代城市特色。 1．句意：作为陕西省的省会城市，它被誉为中华文明的发祥地之一。 a一个，不定冠词，修饰辅音音素开头的单数名词；an不定冠词，修饰元音音素开头的单数名词；the定冠词，表示特指或独一无二的；/零冠词。根据常识可知，西安是陕西的省会，独一无二。the capital of“……的省会”，故选C。 2．句意：西安位于中国西北部。 in在……里面；on领土接壤；to领土范围之外不接壤；from来自。根据常识可知，西安为中国的领土，故选A。 3．句意：当时，这座城市被命名为长安。 name命名，动词原形；named命名，动词过去式；is named被命名，一般现在时的被动语态；was named被命名，一般过去时的被动语态。根据“At that time”可知，为一般过去时；主语“the city”和“name”为被动关系，因此此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。 4．句意：唐朝时，西安的地位更加重要，在世界上也更加有名。 achieves实现，动词三单；achieved实现，动词过去式；was achieving正在实现，过去进行时；has achieved已经实现，现在完成时。根据“During the Tang Dynasty”可知说的是唐朝时，西安的地位更加重要，用一般过去时，故选B。 5．句意：当时有数百万人口和许多美丽的宫殿。 have拥有，一般现在时；had拥有，一般过去时；are是，为be动词的复数形式，一般现在时；were是，为be动词的复数形式，一般过去时。根据“During the Tang Dynasty”可知，此处依旧介绍的是唐朝时西安的盛况，用一般过去时，there be表示“存在，有”。故选D。 6．句意：西安市中心有一座钟楼——中国现存最大的钟楼。 large大的，形容词原级；larger更大的，形容词比较级；largest最大的，形容词最高级；the largest最大的，形容词最高级。根据“...bell tower remaining in China”可知，西安市中心的钟楼是全中国现存最大的，用形容词最高级来表示，且形容词最高级前要有定冠词the，故选D。 7．句意：这个钟始建于明代，是用来警告危险的紧急报警器，后来常用来告诉人们现在是几点钟。 to bring带来，不定式；bring带来，动词原形；to warn警告，不定式；warn警告，动词原形。根据“The bell was first built in the Ming Dynasty as an emergency alarm (紧急报警)...danger”可知，钟刚开始是为了警告危险而修建，to warn作目的状语，故选C。 8．句意：这个钟始建于明代，是用来警告危险的紧急报警器，后来常用来告诉人们现在是几点钟。 what time is it几点了，疑问语序，一般现在时；what time it is几点了，陈述语序，一般现在时；what time was it几点了，疑问语序，一般过去时；what time it was几点了，陈述语序，一般过去时。根据“it was very often used to tell people...”可知，此句为宾语从句，“主过从必过”，用陈述语序，故选D。 9．句意：西安是一座历史悠久、文化厚重的城市，同时也是现代世界的一部分。 is also也是，一般现在时；was also也是，一般过去时；also is语序错误；also was语序错误。根据“Xi’an is a city with a long history and rich culture, and it...”可知，此从句为一般现在时，be动词要放在副词also之前，故选A。 10．句意：与许多其他城市相比，西安不仅永远保留着过去的精华，同时也张开双臂热情欢迎未来的到来。 city城市，单数；cities城市，复数；country国家，单数；countries国家，复数。根据“Compared with many other...”可知，此处把西安这个城市和其他城市做比较，many other修饰复数名词，故选B。 三．语法填空 A （2023·江苏苏州·一模）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was a 1 （cloud）afternoon. I was walking in the park near my neighborhood. The wind was blowing hard and I knew it was about to rain. Even so, I didn’t want to go home. I had a terrible argument with my mum and ran out of the house just 10 minutes earlier. I sat down near a lake. There were many children playing with their parents nearby. I 2 （feel）a little lonely. “Shall we play together?” A little girl came toward me with a ball in her hands. I agreed and she 3 （hand）me the ball with a sweet smile. When it began to rain, all the children at the lakeside went home 4 their parents. “Where are your parents?” I asked the girl. “My mum is selling candied fruit（蜜饯）outside the park. She hardly takes care of 5 （I）,” the girl explained “I usually play alone here. It’s OK 6 you need to go home now. I am old enough to stay here and wait for my mom.” “But it’s raining.” I said. “You’d better not be here alone when it’s dark.” “It’s no problem. Mum won’t leave me alone. She is coming soon,” the girl replied. “She is my mum, even if she seldom cares for her daughter.” A 5-year-old girl 7 （teach）me to love and believe in my mum. Should I listen to her and say sorry to my mom? In the end, I took the little girl to her 8 （mum）vending cart（售货摊）and then ran home quickly. Opening the door, my mum was close to 9 （tear）, “Where have you been? I looked for you everywhere! See how wet your coat is! Don’t come to my room even if you get a cold tonight!” But I knew she wasn’t angry anymore. 10 taking a shower, I heard her shouting outside my room, “Dinner time! Come out if you feel like eating some fish balls.” 【答案】1．cloudy 2．felt 3．handed 4．with 5．me 6．if 7．taught 8．mum’s 9．tears 10．After 【导语】本文讲述作者跟妈妈吵架了，通过在公园和另一个小女孩的交谈，感悟到母爱，跑回家和母亲重归于好的故事。 1．句意：那是一个多云的下午。cloud“云”，名词，此处应填形容词cloudy“多云的”作定语，故填cloudy。 2．句意：我感到有点孤独。feel是动词，结合前后句可知是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填felt。 3．句意：我同意了，她带着甜美的微笑把球递给了我。hand“交，递”，动词，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填handed。 4．句意：天开始下雨了，所有在湖边的孩子都跟着父母回家了。根据“all the children at the lakeside went home...their parents.”可知孩子和父母回家了，应用介词with表示“和”。故填with。 5．句意：她几乎不照顾我。I是主格代词，位于介词后，应用宾格，故填me。 6．句意：如果你现在想回家也没关系。根据“you need to go home now”及语境可知表达条件“如果你需要回家”，应用连词“if”引导条件状语从句。故填if。 7．句意：一个5岁的小女孩教我去爱和相信我的妈妈。teach是动词，本句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填taught。 8．句意：最后，我把小女孩带到她妈妈的售货摊上，然后迅速跑回家。mum“妈妈”，此处应用名词所有格形式修饰后面名词，故填mum’s。 9．句意：推开门，妈妈几乎要哭了。tear“眼泪”，可数名词，此处应用复数表泛指，故填tears。 10．句意：洗完澡后，我听到她在我房间外大喊。根据“taking a shower, I heard her shouting outside my room”可知此处是表示时间顺序，讲述洗完澡之后听到妈妈的叫声，用介词“after”。句首首字母大写。故填After。 B （2023·江苏苏州·一模）阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。 People have treasured gold for thousands of years. 1 just what makes gold so valuable? First is tis shiny and has an 2 (attract) yellow color making it ideal for use in jewellery. Second, it is very easy to be 3 (shape). Because gold is soft and easy to work with, it can be made into thin pieces that do not break. These pieces can then be used to add decorative details to artwork or buildings. Third, it does not rust (生锈) or wear away. It keeps 4 (it) shape, which means that gold jewellery can be passed down in a family. Fourth, gold is an excellent conductor (导体) of electricity, making it 5 good choice for electronics. One of the most important reasons that gold is valuable, 6 , is that it is rare. Although gold exists in many places throughout the world, it is not easy to find or to mine (采掘). People who mine gold usually have to work very hard to get even tiny amounts of the precious (珍贵的) metal. The fact that it is both beautiful and 7 (use) makes people want more of this precious metal than they can 8 (easy) get, which drives up the price. Finally, gold is valuable because people consider it a symbol of wealth as it often shows how rich the 9 (own) is. Throughout the history, gold has been 10 (connect) with wealth and power. Today we still value it for many of the same reasons. 【答案】1．But 2．attractive 3．shaped 4．its 5．a 6．however 7．useful 8．easily 9．owner 10．connected 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了黄金珍贵的原因。 1．句意：但是到底是什么让黄金如此珍贵？此空谓语句首，填连词，由“People have treasured gold for thousands of years.”可知，数千年来，人们一直珍视黄金，但是黄金珍贵的原因是什么并不是很清楚，前后是转折关系，也由此引出对原因的描述。故填But。 2．句意：首先是它有光泽，有一种诱人的黄色，非常适合用于珠宝。attract“吸引”是动词，attractive“吸引人的”是形容词，用形容词修饰名词color，故填attractive。 3．句意：第二，它很容易成型。主语it指gold，与shape之间是被动关系，即be动词+过去分词，shape的过去分词是shaped。故填shaped。 4．句意：它保持其形状，这意味着黄金首饰可以在一个家庭中传承。shape的名词，用形容词性物主代词来修饰，it“它”是人称代词，its“它的”是形容词性物主代词。故填its。 5．句意：第四，黄金是一种极好的导电体，是电子产品的好选择。choice“选择”是可数名词单数，填不定冠词表示“一个”，good发音的第一个音素是辅音音素，故填a。 6．句意：然而，黄金之所以有价值，最重要的原因之一是它很稀有。“黄金稀有”与上文提到的“黄金有价值”之间是转折关系，且空格后有逗号，用however“然而”表示转折，故填however。 7．句意：事实上，它既漂亮又有用，这让人们对这种贵金属的需求超出了他们的承受能力，从而推高了价格。根据“both beautiful and...”可知，此空填形容词，use“使用”是动词，useful“有用的”是形容词，故填useful。 8．句意：事实上，它既漂亮又有用，这让人们对这种贵金属的需求超出了他们的承受能力，从而推高了价格。easy“容易的”是形容词，“easily”是副词，用副词修饰动词get，故填easily。 9．句意：最后，黄金之所以有价值，是因为人们认为它是财富的象征，因为它经常表明主人有多富有。the后加名词。own“拥有”是动词，owner“主人”是名词，且由is可知是单数，故填owner。 10．句意：纵观历史，黄金一直与财富和权力联系在一起。主语gold与谓语动词connect之间是被动关系，即be+过去分词，connect的过去分词是connected，故填connected。 四．完成句子 1．[2025扬州一模]如果明天下雨，我们将在室内举行聚会。 ________________________________________________________ 【答案】If it rains tomorrow,we will hold the party indoors. 2．[2025扬州一模]尽管我可能会失败，我也要试一下。 ________________________________________________ 【答案】Although I may fail,I will still have a try. 3．[2025扬州一模]托尼想要知道他们什么时候开校运动会。 ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Tony wants to know when they will hold the school sports meeting. 4．[2024无锡]你要么冒险继续等待，要么现在就放弃。 You can______________________________________________________now. 【答案】either take risks to keep on waiting or give up/either take risks to keep waiting or give up/either take risks to continue waiting or give up 5．[2024常州一模]无论何时做决定有困难，我总是向父母寻求帮助。 I always__________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】ask my parents for help whenever I have difficulty in making a decision 6．电梯需要每三个月检查一次以使它们正常工作。 Elevators need__________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】to be checked every three months so that they are made to work normally 7．[2024扬州]昨天一整天都在下雨，他们只好待在家里。 ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】It rained all day yesterday,so they had to stay at home. 8．复习所学过的知识有助于我们为新的学习做准备。 Going________________________________________________our new learning. 【答案】over what we（have）learned helps us prepare for 9．及时复习你所学过的知识是多么有必要啊! How________________________________________________________! 【答案】necessary it is to review what you have learned in time 10．[2024扬州]让我们看看十年后我们中多少人能实现自己的梦想。 ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Let's see how many of us can achieve our dreams in ten years. 11．你能想象未来我们的生活会是什么样子吗? ____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Can you imagine what our life will be like in the future? 12．中国科学家屠呦呦发现了一种治疗疟疾的有效药物。 Tu Youyou is the Chinese scientist________________an effective drug against malaria. 【答案】who/that；discovered 13．孔子是一位对中国教育有着深远影响的思想家。 Confucius is a thinker____________a far-reaching influence on Chinese education. 【答案】who/that；has 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题15连词与简单句、并列句、主从复合句考点归纳 考点导览 考点讲练 考点1连词的分类与功能 一、并列连词 并列连词连接并列的词、短语或分句。常见的并列连词有以下几类： 1.表示并列关系的连词 and（和）、both...and...（……和……都，既……又……）、not only...but also...（不但……而且……）、neither...nor...（既不……也不……）、as well as（也，还） 2.表示转折关系的连词 but（但是）while（而）yet（然而,但是） 3.表示选择关系的连词 or（或者）、either...or...（要么……要么……）、not...but...（不是……而是……） 4.表示因果关系的连词 so（所以）、for（因为） 二、从属连词 从属连词在主从复合句中连接主句和从句,一般位于从句的句首。 类别 主要的从属连词（组）及用法 引导时间状语从句 when/while/as（当……时）、before（在……之前）、after（在……之后）、since（自从……）、once（一旦）、as soon as（一……就……） until（直到……为止） 引导条件状语从句 if（如果）、so/as long as（只要）、in case（以防万一）、unless（除非） 引导原因状语从句 because（因为）、as（由于）、since（既然）、now（that）（既然） 注意because强调直接原因和因果关系；as表示对方已知的原因，语气较弱；since表示已知的、显然的理由，语气比because弱，但比as强 引导目的状语从句 so that（以便,为了）、in order that（为了） 注意so that不能放句首；in order that可置于句首 引导结果状语从句 so that（因此）、so...that/such...that（如此……以至于） 注意so修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词 引导让步状语从句 though/although（尽管,虽然）、even if/though（即使）、whatever（无论什么）、wherever（在……的各个地方）、whenever（无论何时）、whoever（无论谁）、however（无论怎样） 引导比较状语从句 than（比）、as...as...（和……一样……）、not as/so...as...（不如……那样……） 引导地点状语从句 where（……的地方）、wherever（在……的各个地方） 引导方式状语从句 as（正如）、as if/though（好像） 考点2连词与简单句 在简单句中,主要句子成分可以由一个词或短语充当,也可以由两个或两个以上的词或短语充当,组成并列的成分。这些并列的成分主要由连词连接。 并列连词可连接的成分 1.并列的主语（注意主谓一致） Either the teacher or the students are responsible for cleaning the classroom.老师或学生负责打扫教室。 知识归纳需要注意主谓一致的连词 含义及用法 例句 both...and...“……和……都”（谓语动词用复数） Both my cousin and I like playing football.我的表弟和我都喜欢踢足球。 ①neither...nor...“……和……都不” ②either...or...“要么……要么……” ③not only...but（also）...“不仅……而且……” ④not...but...“不是……而是……” （连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的数与其最近的主语保持一致,即“就近原则”） Neither I nor he has been to China.我和他都没去过中国。 Either my father or my brothers are coming.不是我父亲就是我兄弟们要来。 Not only he but also I am interested in playing the drum.不只他，我也对打鼓感兴趣。 2.并列的谓语 He not only did the shopping,but also cooked the meal.他不仅买了东西，而且还做了饭。 3.并列的宾语 I'll look after you as well as your aunt.我会照顾你和你的姨母。 4.并列的定语 I love moist and chewy cookies.我喜欢口感湿润有嚼劲的饼干。 5.并列的状语 She had pains in her elbow and between her shoulder blades.她肘部和（两个）肩胛骨之间疼。 6.并列的补语 The coach asked the team to work harder and stay focused.教练要求队伍更加努力并且保持专注。 技巧点拨 通过观察与空处并列的词,可以帮助判断空处的词性、动词时态、名词的单复数等。 例1 Isn't it a pleasure to study and what you have learnt?（空处与to study并列，因此推断填动词原形。） 例2 It's a tradition for us Chinese to visit our and friends often.（空处与后面的friends并列作visit的宾语，因此推断填名词。） 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）_______ are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time． A．Not only Tim but also the twins B．Neither Victor nor Tom C．Bill as well as his friends D．Either Anita or Jack 2．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）—When are you going to visit Suqian SanTai Mountain Park? —I haven’t decided. ________ this Sunday ________ next Sunday is OK. I am free these two days. A．Not; but B．Neither; nor C．Either, or D．Both; and 3．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The journey was so tiring that Daniel thought it was worth ________ time ________ the money. A．both; and B．neither; nor C．either; or D．not only; but also 4．（2023·江苏南京·一模）Try to be the master of your life. Life is a horse and ________ you ride it ________ it rides you. A．neither; nor B．either; or C．both; and D．not only; but also 5．（2024·江苏常州·一模）I’m interested in ________ the comedy ________ the documentary. I enjoy comics. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 考点3连词与并列句 连词 含义及用法 例句 and “和,并且,而且” The cake looks delicious and smells sweet. “结果是，那么，就”表示结果 Be careful,and you'll make fewer mistakes. or “或者”,表示选择 You can go to the party tonight,or you can stay at home and study for the exam. “否则”,表示不做某事的后果 Work hard,or you'll fail in your exams. but “然而,但是,可是”，不和though或although连用 I failed last time,but I won't lose confidence. while “却，但是；而”，强调两种情况之间的差别 Tom's good at science,while his brother is hopeless. so “因此,所以”,不和because连用 She doesn't know French,so she doesn't understand me at all. for “因为”，用于补充说明理由,不放于句首 I was late this morning,for I got up late. 注意1.and除表示并列关系外，还表示顺承或递进关系。 2.“祈使句+and/or+一般将来时的陈述句”结构中,祈使句表示条件,在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。and表示顺承,or意为“否则”。 Get up early,and you'll catch the early bus.早点起床，你就会赶上早班公共汽车。 Get up early,or you'll miss the early bus.早点起床，否则你会错过早班公共汽车。 随堂训练 1．（2020·辽宁沈阳·一模）Are you here for the activity of making, buying or selling things for money ________ pleasure? A．and B．or C．but D．for 2．（2023·江苏盐城·二模）Kitty wouldn’t accept others’ advice ______ think twice. A．and B．so C．or D．but 3．（2025·上海·模拟预测）Johnny had to write a report about Chinese history, ________ he went to the library A．for B．but C．or D．so 【答案】D 4．（2025·安徽马鞍山·三模）—Are you free this Saturday? I’d like to invite you to my birthday party. —I’m always busy, ________ I won’t miss your birthday party. A．but B．and C．so D．for 5．（2025·天津·模拟预测）We made a trip to Panshan Mountain ________ we enjoyed ourselves there. A．so B．though C．and D．if 考点4连词与主从复合句 一、连词与状语从句 1.时间状语从句 时间状语从句是指在复合句中充当时间状语的句子。当主句是一般将来时或祈使句时，时间状语从句通常用一般现在时。 连词 含义及用法 例句 when “当……时”,从句动词既可为延续性动词,也可为非延续性动词 I felt very happy when you came to see me. while “当……的时候”,从句动词为延续性动词 They rushed in while we were discussing problems. as “当……时”,侧重表示同时发生 Helen heard the story as she washed clothes. “随着” We get wiser as we get older. whenever “每当;任何时候”,可以和every time互换 Whenever I hear that tune,it makes me think of you. Come and visit me whenever you want. since “自……以来”,主句通常用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时 I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University. before “在……之前” I will always work hard before I achieve my dream. after “在……之后” She showed me many beautiful stamps after I got to her home. until/till 肯定句中意为“直到……为止”,主句动词用延续性动词 I'll wait for you until/till you come to see me. 否定句中用于“not...until...”结构，意为“直到……才”,主句动词用非延续性动词 He didn't cry until he saw his mother. as soon as “一……就……” As soon as he arrives,I'll tell him. 2.原因状语从句 原因状语从句是指在复合句中表示主句动作发生原因的句子。 连词 含义及用法 例句 since “由于,既然”,表示人们已知的事实、显然的理由 Since everyone is here,let's get started. as “因为”,与since的用法相似,所引出的原因很明显,或已为人们所熟知，不需要加以强调 As it was getting late,I turned around to start for home. 3.条件状语从句 条件状语从句在复合句中表示主句动作发生的条件。主句为祈使句、一般将来时或含有情态动词时,条件状语从句常用一般现在时。 连词 含义及用法 例句 if “如果” I'll visit the Great Wall if it doesn't rain tomorrow. unless “除非,如果不”（=if...not） Unless he apologizes,I will refuse to come. We'll go for an outing tomorrow unless it rains（=if it doesn't rain）. 4.结果状语从句 结果状语从句用来补充说明主句动作发生所带来的结果。引导结果状语从句的连词主要有so...that...和such...that...。 知识拓展 such...that...与so...that...的句型结构： such（such是限定词.只能修饰名词（词组））+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that so+形容词/副词+that so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that The boy is so young that he can't go to school. She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much. 5.目的状语从句 目的状语从句用以说明主句动作发生的目的。目的状语从句通常由so that和in order that等引导,表示“为了,以便”。从句中多使用情态动词can、may、will、could、might、would或should等。 ·He must get up early so that he can go to work on time. ·He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. 6.让步状语从句 让步状语从句表示即便出现从句中的情况，主句动作仍然会发生，有“退一步说……”的含义。 连词 含义及用法 例句 though/although “尽管,虽然”,可以与yet连用,但不与but连用 They are generous though they are poor. even though/even if “尽管,即使”,表示的语气更强 We'll make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad. while “在……同时;尽管” While the grandparents love the children,they are strict with them. wh-ever类引导词 “无论……”（=no matter+相应的wh-词） Whatever he says,don't believe him. Whoever you ask,you will get the same answer. 随堂训练 1．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Alice won second prize in the competition. ________ she stood on the stage with flowers in hands, her eyes were filled with tears. A．Until B．After C．While D．As 2．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）I didn’t know how beautiful Xuzhou was ________ I came here. A．if B．until C．because D．after 3．（2025·江苏徐州·三模）Please raise your hand ________ you agree with us. A．unless B．if C．although D．before 4．（2025·江苏南京·三模）—It’s reported that the plastic pollution is seriously harming the global oceans. —Yes, and I think it will be worse ________ stronger laws are made. A．since B．if C．after D．unless 5．（2025·江苏南京·二模）We’d better take action to solve a problem ______ it gets worse. A．before B．after C．until D．since 6．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）— Jack, have you done the survey? — Not yet. I am in New York now. I’ll start it ________ I come back. A．whenever B．as soon as C．before D．after 7．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）Wang Yaping’s love for space is ______ strong ______ she became China’s first female astronaut to walk in space. A．such ... that B．both... and C．so…that D．either... or 8．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Unbelievable! He is ________ boy that he is the first one in this exam. A．so hard-working B．such a hard-working C．such an crazy D．so a crazy 9．（2025·江苏常州·一模）________ we are here in Liuzhou, why not taste the local Luosifen? A．Though B．Unless C．Because D．Since 10．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）We should protect the environment ________ we can make the world more beautiful. A．in order to B．so that C．such that D．as a result 二、连接词与宾语从句 1.宾语从句的用法 宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子。宾语从句可跟在及物动词、介词和部分形容词之后作宾语。 I wondered how he managed to solve the problem so quickly. She told me（that）she was moving to a new city for her job. She is thinking about what she will do after graduation. I am glad that everyone is here on time. 2.宾语从句的连接词 连词 作用 例句 that 无意义，不作成分，可省略 He said（that）Kate was good at swimming. if/whether 意为“是否”，不可省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 连接代词what、which、who（m）、whose 在从句中作一定的成分（如主语、宾语等），不可省略 I don't know what they are going to do. He asked me whose book this was. 连接副词when、where、why、how等 在从句中作状语，不可省略 I asked him when he'd be back to pick me up. Do you know how they found the place? 知识拓展 除上述连词外，whatever（任何……的事物；什么……都）、whichever（……的哪个；……的哪些）、whoever（……的那个人或那些人；……的任何人）也可以引导宾语从句。 You can choose whichever book you like from the reading list. 3.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句必须是陈述语序，即按照先主语后谓语的顺序。 What is Kate's email address?Do you know? →Do you know what Kate's email address is? 4.宾语从句的时态 主句时态 从句时态 例句 一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、 根据实际情况而定，不受主句时态限制（主现从不限） I remember（that）he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he'll leave for New York tomorrow. 一般过去时、过去进行时 一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时、（主过从必过） He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked me if I had taken his soap. 任一时态 一般现在时（宾语从句表示客观真理、事实或是谚语、俗语） The geography teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 5.宾语从句的否定形式和疑问形式 （1）宾语从句的特殊否定形式——否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称（I/we），谓语动词是think、believe、suppose等时，要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。 I don't think（that）he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。 （2）疑问形式 带有宾语从句的陈述句转换为疑问句时通常只需要把主句变为疑问句。 陈述句：She is sure that she will pass the exam. 疑问句：Is she sure that she will pass the exam? 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—The Dragon Boat Festival is coming. I wonder ________. —In your grandparents’ home. A．how we will celebrate it B．how will we celebrate it C．where will we celebrate it D．where we will celebrate it 2．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）We must find out ________ your holiday will begin, so we can book the flight ticket for you. A．how B．why C．when D．where 3．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—Could you tell me ________? —For a week. A．how soon he will come back B．how long have they been in Hong Kong C．how long I can keep the book D．how often do you practise baseball 4．（2025·江苏常州·三模）—Have you heard of ChatGPT? Could you tell me ________? —Well, it is said that it can chat with users. A．what it can do B．what can it do C．how we can use it D．how can we use it 5．（2025·江苏常州·三模）—Could you please tell me ________? —Last month. A．how long Andrew has been away from Changzhou B．how long Andrew stayed in Changzhou C．when Andrew will come back to Changzhou D．when Andrew left Changzhou 三、关系词与定语从句 在主从复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，先行词通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，又作从句的一个成分。 1.含定语从句的复合句常见的结构 （1）主语+定语从句+动词+宾语 The dog that bark loudly scared the children.那只大声吠叫的狗吓到了孩子们。 （2）主语+动词+宾语+定语从句 I have a question that needs to be answered immediately.我有一个需要立即回答的问题。 2.引导定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词（如that、which、who、whom、whose）和关系副词（如when、where、why）。 （1）关系代词的用法 关系代词 先行词 所作成分 例句 that、who、whom 人 主语、宾语（whom只作宾语） Do you know the girl who/that is standing under the tree? The guest who/whom/that he introduced to us is a famous writer. that、which 物 主语、宾语 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her. whose 人/物 定语 The classroom whose windows are open is mine. 知识拓展 关系代词指代物时只能用that的情况 ①先行词为不定代词all、any、few、little、much、nothing、everything、something、anything等或被其修饰时 ·All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。 ②先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时 ·This is the first book that I have bought this year.这是我今年买的第一本书。 ·This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。 ③先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same等修饰时 ·This is the very house that I have been looking for.这正是我一直在找的房子。 ④先行词既有人又有物时 ·We are talking about the teachers and schools that we visited last year.我们正在谈论去年我们拜访过的老师和学校。 注意关系代词作介词宾语时，可以把介词前置，这时只能用whom指人，用which指物。 （2）关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词 所作成分 例句 when 时间 状语 I still remember the day when（=on which）you left for Beijing. where 地点 This is the school where（=in which）my mother works. why 原因 Could you explain the reason why（=for which）you were late? 注意关系副词通常可替换为“介词+which”。 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏常州·三模）The book tells the story of a girl called Mulan ________ father was too sick to fight as a soldier. A．who B．whose C．that D．which 2．（2025·江苏南京·三模）The painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is an amazing artwork ________ shows the lively scenes of busy streets in Bianjing during the Northern Song Dynasty. A．which B．who C．what D．when 3．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—Have you read the article ________ tells the future of humans? —Not yet. I’m searching the Internet. A．who B．which C．what D．/ 4．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—What a pleasant trip to Yangzhou ! —Yes, I will never forget the friends and places of interest ________ I visited here. A．who B．what C．which D．/ 5．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）Have you found the details of Yangliwei ________ you can use for your report? A．whom B．what C．which D．who 考点5各种句子类型之间的转换 一、简单句和状语从句的转换 1.借助动词不定式（九下U3） （1）目的状语从句转换成简单句 He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.→He must get up early so as to/in order to go to work on time.他必须早点起床，以便能按时上班。 （2）结果状语从句转换成简单句 She was so angry that she could not speak.→She was too angry to speak.她气得说不出话来。 He was so foolish that he believed everything he read online.→He was foolish enough to believe everything he read online.他愚蠢到相信他在网上看到的一切。 注意用“动词不定式”将目的状语从句或结果状语从句转换成简单句的前提是从句的主语和主句的主语一致。 2.借助介词短语（九下U4） （1）时间状语从句转换成简单句 He left home when he was seventeen years old.→He left home at the age of seventeen.他17岁时离开了家。 （2）结果状语从句转换成简单句 The room was so comfortable that we were pleasantly surprised.→To our pleasant surprise,the room was so comfortable.这个房间非常舒适，我们都很惊喜。 （3）让步状语从句转换成简单句 Although she has fame and fortune,she is not happy.→She is unhappy in spite of her fame and fortune.尽管她有钱又有名，但她并不快乐。 （4）原因状语从句转换成简单句 She walks with a limp because she injured herself in childhood.→She walks with a limp owing to/because of a childhood injury.因儿时受过伤，她走路一瘸一拐的。 二、简单句和宾语从句的转换 1.借助动词不定式 I expected that the letter would arrive before noon.→I expected the letter to arrive before noon.我以为那封信中午之前能到达。 We are wondering how we shall begin and where we shall end.→We are wondering how to begin and where to end.（用疑问词+动词不定式） 我们正琢磨如何开始和在哪里结束。 注意用“疑问词+动词不定式”将宾语从句转换成简单句的前提是宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且主语的谓语动词通常是know、remember、forget、learn等。 三、简单句和定语从句的转换 1.借助介词短语 ·They found a kind of fish that has no eyes.→They found a kind of fish without eyes. 他们发现了一种没有眼睛的鱼。 t was the reason why he should be given a good chance.→It was the reason for giving him a good chance.这就是他得到一个好机会的原因。 2025泰州一模同义句转换 1．The boy became aware that he was doing right when his mother smiled to him. When the boy saw the____on his mother's face,he________that he was right. 2．These are sweet memories.I will never forget them. These memories are____sweet____I will remember them forever. 3．To get good grades in today's exam,David didn't go to bed until midnight yesterday. David__________until midnight yesterday in order to do well in today's exam. 4．跨专题考点The man who wears a blue shirt is our English teacher. The man________a blue shirt teaches____English. 综合训练 一．单项选择 1．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Today is June 5, World Environment Day. Let’s discuss ________. A．where shall we plant more trees B．what we can do to reduce waste C．how should we save more energy D．that we can live a green life 2．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）—Dragon Heads-raising Day is a traditional festival in China. Could you please tell me ________? —With pleasure. People often get a haircut, eat dumplings or watch dragon dance. A．why it plays an important role B．how people usually celebrate it C．where these customs come from D．if it brings people luck and wish 3．（2025·江苏南京·二模）There are ups and downs in life, and we should think about ______ we learn from them. A．why B．what C．which D．where 4．（2025·江苏徐州·二模）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________? —You’d better go there by underground. It’s a little far from here. A．how far Xuzhou Museum is B．how far is Xuzhou Museum C．how can I get to Xuzhou Museum D．how I can get to Xuzhou Museum 5．（2025·江苏南京·二模）________ we have spare time, we can exercise outdoors and enjoy nature. A．If B．Until C．Before D．Though 6．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）Visitors didn’t realize the beauty of Suqian ______ they came here. A．if B．until C．because D．after 7．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）—My family went to Taizhou to eat morning tea during the May Day holiday. —So did I. There are ________ many tourists that all the waiters ________ stopped to eat or rest the whole day. A．so; mostly B．such; nearly C．so; hardly D．such; highly 8．（2025·江苏无锡·二模）—Can I have another ice cream? —Jack, you may have a toothache ________ you eat too much sweet food. A．if B．though C．unless D．until 9．（2025·江苏无锡·二模）________ I usually don’t like musicals, I have to say this Broadway show was amazing! A．Unless B．Since C．Though D．Whether 10．（2025·江苏·二模）It’s important to keep learning about new technology ______ the world changes so fast. A．so B．or C．since D．unless 11．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）You can hardly imagine how amazing the book The House on Mango Street is ________ you read it yourself. A．unless B．when C．because D．since 12．（2025·江苏徐州·二模）You should go home now ________ you do not want to be caught in the rain. A．if B．so C．unless D．although 13．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）It’s 8 o’clock now! ________ you have the proper excuse, your teacher must be angry with you. A．Since B．After C．Unless D．Because 14．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）—I’ll go to the concert with you ________ I finish my homework. —Deal! A．unless B．if C．until D．though 15．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）The museum ______ we visited yesterday has a history of 100 years. A．where B．when C．which D．who 16．（2025·江苏·二模）—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the ones ______ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 17．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）He is the man ________ I saw yesterday. A．where B．what C．who D．why 18．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）The movie ________we watched last night was really inspiring. A．who B．when C．where D．which 19．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Do you know the year ________ the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A．which B．that C．when D．on which 二．语法选择 A （2025·陕西西安·三模）Unlike traditional carpenters (木匠), An Xu makes wooden works about traditional Chinese culture and many little things. They can 1 in daily life. They have won him nearly 9 million online followers in just two years. An, 26, of Longshan village, Fenggang county, Guizhou province, 2 high school in 2011. He then tried several jobs in big 3 . But in 2019, he decided to be a carpenter on the advice of his parents and soon he fell in love 4 it. Over the past two years, An has kept on learning new skills through books and websites. 5 he was faced with many difficulties, he never gave up. He tried looking for teaching videos on the Internet and practiced over and over again. Then he also posted the process of making wooden works online. In 2020, An made a wooden work first built by Lu Ban. He then began 6 more works about traditional Chinese culture. Now he is trying to make another wooden work—a model of Wenfeng Tower, which has 7 years of history in his hometown. To help with his work, his parents even stopped their jobs. With 8 of his family, he has made more than 400,000 yuan through his 9 videos and sales of the wooden handicrafts so far. “While doing my favorite woodwork, I bring money and love to my family. I don’t know 10 me. In my eyes, it is the best way of life.” An said. 1．A．use B．uses C．be used D．are used 2．A．leave B．leaves C．has left D．left 3．A．city B．cities C．forest D．forests 4．A．with B．between C．for D．against 5．A．Unless B．Although C．Before D．Because 6．A．design B．to design C．avoid D．to avoid 7．A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundred of D．hundreds of 8．A．help B．a help C．the help D．helps 9．A．wonder B．wonders C．wonderful D．wonderfully 10．A．what others think about B．why others think about C．what do others think about D．why do others think about B （2025·陕西西安·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Today, I feel honored to introduce my hometown Xi’an to you. As 1 capital city of Shaanxi province, it is known as one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Xi’an lies 2 the northwest of China. The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. At that time, the city 3 Chang’an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an 4 greater importance and became more famous all over the world. There 5 millions of people and lots of beautiful palaces. Both Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in building their ancient capitals. Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall is a good example. It goes around the city and is an important cultural site. In central Xi’an, there is the Bell Tower— 6 bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first built in the Ming Dynasty as an emergency alarm (紧急报警) 7 danger, and later it was very often used to tell people 8 . Now, it still stands there and becomes a symbol of the city. Xi’an is a city with a long history and rich culture, and it 9 a part of the modern world. It is best known as a center of software research, development and service. Compared with many other 10 , Xi’an not only always keeps the best of the past, but at the same time, warmly welcomes the future with its open arms. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．in B．on C．to D．from 3．A．name B．named C．is named D．was named 4．A．achieves B．achieved C．was achieving D．has achieved 5．A．have B．had C．are D．were 6．A．large B．larger C．largest D．the largest 7．A．to bring B．bring C．to warn D．warn 8．A．what time is it B．what time it is C．what time was it D．what time it was 9．A．is also B．was also C．also is D．also was 10．A．city B．cities C．country D．countries 三．语法填空 A （2023·江苏苏州·一模）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was a 1 （cloud）afternoon. I was walking in the park near my neighborhood. The wind was blowing hard and I knew it was about to rain. Even so, I didn’t want to go home. I had a terrible argument with my mum and ran out of the house just 10 minutes earlier. I sat down near a lake. There were many children playing with their parents nearby. I 2 （feel）a little lonely. “Shall we play together?” A little girl came toward me with a ball in her hands. I agreed and she 3 （hand）me the ball with a sweet smile. When it began to rain, all the children at the lakeside went home 4 their parents. “Where are your parents?” I asked the girl. “My mum is selling candied fruit（蜜饯）outside the park. She hardly takes care of 5 （I）,” the girl explained “I usually play alone here. It’s OK 6 you need to go home now. I am old enough to stay here and wait for my mom.” “But it’s raining.” I said. “You’d better not be here alone when it’s dark.” “It’s no problem. Mum won’t leave me alone. She is coming soon,” the girl replied. “She is my mum, even if she seldom cares for her daughter.” A 5-year-old girl 7 （teach）me to love and believe in my mum. Should I listen to her and say sorry to my mom? In the end, I took the little girl to her 8 （mum）vending cart（售货摊）and then ran home quickly. Opening the door, my mum was close to 9 （tear）, “Where have you been? I looked for you everywhere! See how wet your coat is! Don’t come to my room even if you get a cold tonight!” But I knew she wasn’t angry anymore. 10 taking a shower, I heard her shouting outside my room, “Dinner time! Come out if you feel like eating some fish balls.” B （2023·江苏苏州·一模）阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。 People have treasured gold for thousands of years. 1 just what makes gold so valuable? First is tis shiny and has an 2 (attract) yellow color making it ideal for use in jewellery. Second, it is very easy to be 3 (shape). Because gold is soft and easy to work with, it can be made into thin pieces that do not break. These pieces can then be used to add decorative details to artwork or buildings. Third, it does not rust (生锈) or wear away. It keeps 4 (it) shape, which means that gold jewellery can be passed down in a family. Fourth, gold is an excellent conductor (导体) of electricity, making it 5 good choice for electronics. One of the most important reasons that gold is valuable, 6 , is that it is rare. Although gold exists in many places throughout the world, it is not easy to find or to mine (采掘). People who mine gold usually have to work very hard to get even tiny amounts of the precious (珍贵的) metal. The fact that it is both beautiful and 7 (use) makes people want more of this precious metal than they can 8 (easy) get, which drives up the price. Finally, gold is valuable because people consider it a symbol of wealth as it often shows how rich the 9 (own) is. Throughout the history, gold has been 10 (connect) with wealth and power. Today we still value it for many of the same reasons. 四．完成句子 1．[2025扬州一模]如果明天下雨，我们将在室内举行聚会。 ________________________________________________________ 2．[2025扬州一模]尽管我可能会失败，我也要试一下。 ________________________________________________ 3．[2025扬州一模]托尼想要知道他们什么时候开校运动会。 ___________________________________________________________________ 4．[2024无锡]你要么冒险继续等待，要么现在就放弃。 You can______________________________________________________now. 5．[2024常州一模]无论何时做决定有困难，我总是向父母寻求帮助。 I always__________________________________________________________________________. 6．电梯需要每三个月检查一次以使它们正常工作。 Elevators need__________________________________________________________________________. 7．[2024扬州]昨天一整天都在下雨，他们只好待在家里。 ____________________________________________________________ 8．复习所学过的知识有助于我们为新的学习做准备。 Going________________________________________________our new learning. 9．及时复习你所学过的知识是多么有必要啊! How________________________________________________________! 10．[2024扬州]让我们看看十年后我们中多少人能实现自己的梦想。 ________________________________________________________________ 11．你能想象未来我们的生活会是什么样子吗? ____________________________________________________________ 12．中国科学家屠呦呦发现了一种治疗疟疾的有效药物。 Tu Youyou is the Chinese scientist________________an effective drug against malaria. 13．孔子是一位对中国教育有着深远影响的思想家。 Confucius is a thinker____________a far-reaching influence on Chinese education. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $