专题14 简单句的基本句型考点归纳-2026届中考英语总复习（牛津译林版）

该初中英语中考复习知识清单全面梳理了“简单句的基本句型”核心内容，涵盖句子种类（陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句）和五种基本句型及there be句型，构建从“功能分类”到“结构分析”再到“真题应用”的递进式复习架构。 清单采用“考点细化+讲练结合”方式，如将疑问句分为一般、特殊等类型并配真题解析，培养语言理解与表达能力。设计“部分否定对比表”“there be时态变化表”等工具，标注重难点，助力学生系统掌握知识，提升思维品质，方便学生自主复习，为教师教学提供清晰知识脉络。

专题14简单句的基本句型考点归纳 考点导览 考点讲练 考点1句子种类 句子是组成篇章的基本单位,每个英语句子中必须有一个动词来充当谓语。按其功能句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四类；按其结构句子可分为简单句、并列句、主从复合句和并列复合句。 一、陈述句 陈述句用来陈述一个事实或情况，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号，读降调。 形式 结构 例句 肯定形式 主语+谓语（+其他）. He likes playing football. 主语+系动词+表语（+其他）. My name is Jenny Green. 否定形式 主语+be动词/助动词/情态（助）动词+not（+其他）. The clock isn't working now. He doesn't like oranges. 用表示否定意义的词（never、seldom、hardly、no、few、little、nothing、nobody、none、neither、nowhere等）来实现 We seldom go to the movies. Nobody could answer my question. 知识拓展 部分否定形式 含有all、both、everything等的肯定句加not变为否定句后只表示部分否定。若要表示全部否定，则需用no、no one、nobody、none、neither、nothing等词。 ·All the students in our class like playing football.我们班所有的学生都喜欢踢足球。（肯定句） ·Not all the students in our class like playing football.=All the students in our class don't like playing football.我们班并非所有的学生都喜欢踢足球。（部分否定） ·None of the students in our class like playing football.我们班没有一个学生喜欢踢足球。（全部否定） 随堂训练 1．（2023·江苏南京·二模）—Shall we meet at the zoo gate at 8 a.m.? —In fact we needn’t. It ________ until 9 a.m. A．doesn’t open B．opens C．didn’t open D．opened 2．（2023·江苏常州·一模）—Yuan Longping spent all his life on the research and development of better rice plants. —That’s true. We ________ praise him too much. A．must B．mustn’t C．can D．can’t 3．（2022·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Susan, why are you in the classroom? All your classmates are on the bus. —I’m sorry, but I ________what time to get on the bus. A．am not tell B．didn’t tell C．haven’t told D．wasn’t told 二、疑问句 疑问句可分为四类:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 1.一般疑问句 一般疑问句以be动词、助动词、情态动词开头,通常用yes或no回答。在对话中使用一般疑问句时应特别注意问句与答句在人称、数和时态上的一致。 （1）be动词+主语+表语（+其他） —Is the book about English grammar?—Yes,it is./No,it isn't. （2）助动词+主语+动词原形（+其他） —Did it take long to realize that something was wrong?—Yes,it did./No,it didn't. （3）情态（助）动词+主语+谓语（+其他） —Will they lend us some more money?—Yes,they will./No,they won't. 2.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是由疑问代词、疑问副词或疑问词组引导的疑问句,不用yes或no来回答。 （1）疑问代词 疑问代词 例句 who（作主语）/whom（作宾语） 谁（指人） —Who wrote the novel 1984? —（The novel was written by）George Orwell. —Whom did you see at the party last night? —（I saw）Sarah（at the party last night）. whose谁的（指人） —Whose book is this on the table? （=Whose is this book on the table?） —It's mine/Tom's. what什么（指人或物） —What does he do?—He is a doctor. —What happened to your car? —My car broke down on the way to work. which哪一个/哪一些 （指人或物） —Which student won the match in your class?—Tom. —Which word has the closest meaning to“blue”? —Sorry,I don't know. （2）疑问副词 疑问副词 例句 when何时（问时间） —When did you first use DeepSeek? —At the beginning of 2025. where何地（问地点） —Where did Zhang Liang get one of the old man's shoes? —Under the bridge. why为什么（问原因） —Why are libraries less popular than before? —Because people prefer to use the Internet to find out information. how怎样;如何 （问方式,感觉） —How did Lupe feel when she saw the girl in a baseball cap? —Worried. —How does the writer develop the passage? —By giving examples. （3）疑问词组 疑问词组 例句 how often多久一次（问频率） —How often does the competition take place? —Twice a week. how long多长 （问持续时间或长度） —How long will you need to look after your cat? —For the whole of her life. —How long is the table? —The table is two metres long. how far多远（问距离） —How far is it from the man's house to Wanda Cinema? —About 20 minutes'bus ride. how soon多久之后 （问要多长时间） —How soon will Jeff finish his homework? —In two hours. how much 多少（询问不可数名词的量）；多少钱 —How much water do you need?—Two bottles. —How much will Mr.Green pay if he goes to the Music Festival?—￡20. how many多少 （询问可数名词的数量） —How many children do you have?—Three. how old多少岁（问年龄） —How old is your father?—Forty-five years old. 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—________ will the 2028 Los Angeles Olympic Games be held? —It will be held in about three years. A．How far B．How long C．How soon D．How often 2．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）— ________ is it from your home to school, Millie? — It’s about 10 minutes’ walk. A．How soon B．How long C．How far D．How often 3．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）— ______ is the man over there? — He is a pilot from China Eastern Airlines. A．Who B．Where C．What D．How 3.选择疑问句 选择疑问句指提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择的疑问句，选项由or连接，回答时不用yes或no，应从所给的选项中选择一个作为答语，或者根据实际情况回答。 （1）一般选择疑问句:一般疑问句+A or B/A，B or C? ·—Is she tall or short?—She's tall. （2）特殊选择疑问句:特殊疑问句+A or B/A，B or C? ·—What would you like,tea or coffee?—I'd like some tea,please. （1）—Dad,shall we go to the library by bike or by car? —____.There is no parking lot there. A.Yes,we will B.No,we won't C.By car D.By bike 三、祈使句 祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语you通常省略，常用动词原形开头。 类型 结构 例句 肯定形式 （Do+）动词原形（+其他）（do用来加强语气，表“务必；一定”） Read English loud! Be+adj.（+其他） Be quiet! Let+宾语+动词原形（+其他） Let me help you. 否定形式 Don't+动词原形（+其他） Don't talk in class. Don't+be+adj.（+其他） Don't be late again! No+名词/动名词（+其他） No smoking.（=Don't smoke.） Don't let+宾语+动词原形=Let+宾语+not+动词原形（+其他） Let him not talk in class. Never+动词原形（+其他） Never give up! 随堂训练 1．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Growing up is not easy. ________ calm when you’re facing serious problems in life. A．Staying B．To stay C．Stay D．Stays 2．（24-25九年级·浙江杭州·自主招生）Catherine, ________ the alarm clock for 6 o’clock, or you would oversleep and be late for the train. A．setting B．sets C．set D．to set 3．（2024·江苏·一模）________ fast to your dreams, for if dreams die, life is like a broken-winged bird that can never fly. A．Hold B．To hold C．Held D．Holding 四、感叹句 感叹句表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,通常由what或how引导。感叹句既可以是完整的句子,也可以是短语。 类型 结构 例句 what引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）! What a beautiful girl（she is）! What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式（+主语+谓语）! What important jobs（they have done）! What+形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）! What good news（it is）! how引导的感叹句 How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）! How delicious（the noodles are）! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）! How useful a subject（it is）! How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）________ useful the information you’ve provided is! A．What a B．What C．How D．How a 2．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—We will learn to do some farm work during the coming summer vacation. —________ meaningful experience it is! I can’t wait. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 3．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）— ________ beautiful music it is! What’s its name? —Lonely Warriors. A．What B．How a C．How D．What a 考点2简单句的基本句型 一、五种基本句型 类型 例句 主语+谓语（S+V） （谓语为不及物动词） 主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）（谓语为及物动词） 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+C/P）（表语多为名词、形容词、介词短语等,常见的系动词:be、turn、get、look、smell等） 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO） （谓语后须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，如give、show、pass、buy等） 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC） （常见的此类谓语动词:make、keep、let、see、hear、notice等） 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________  . A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 2．（24-25八年级上·安徽黄山·期末）—There ________ a science festival next month in our school. —Really? I believe we can see some interesting robot shows. A．is going to have B．is going to be C．are going to be D．will have 3．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）What is the sentence pattern of “The dish smells terrible”? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 二、there be句型（存现句） there be句型表示“某地/某时有某物/某人”。 1.there be句型的结构 形式 结构 例句 肯定形式 There be+主语+地点/时间状语. There is a boy beside the tree. 否定形式 There be+not+主语+地点/时间状语. There isn't any meat in the fridge. 一般疑问句形式 Be+there+主语+地点/时间状语? —Are there any students in the classroom? —Yes,there are./No,there aren't. 特殊疑问句形式 对主语提问（省略there）：Who/What+be+地点状语/时间状语？ What's in the big box? 对地点状语提问（省略there）：Where+be+主语？ Where will be a celebration next week? 对数量提问：How many/much+名词+be+there+地点/时间状语？ How many AI robots are there in the school library now? 2.there be句型的时态、主谓一致和与非谓语动词连用 结构 说明 例句 一般现在时 描述当前存在的事物或状态 There is a large cat sleeping on the sofa. 一般过去时 描述过去存在的事物或状态 There was a storm last night. 一般将来时 表示预测或未来的计划 There will be/is going to be a party tomorrow. 现在完成时 表示存在的结果及其影响 There have been many complaints about the poor service at the restaurant. 情态动词 带着情绪、态度或语气 There may be some new clothes on sale in the shop now. 非谓语动词在there be句型中的运用 主谓关系/正在进行的动作 There is a man waiting outside.外面有个人在等着。 表目的/未发生的动作 There is homework to finish.还有作业要完成。 动宾关系/已完成的动作 There are no seats left.没有空座位了。 注意there be表示“存在”或“有”，是一种静态描述，而非动作，没有进行时态和被动语态。 3.there be句型的“就近原则” 句子中的be动词和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须一致。在有并列主语的情况下,往往根据第一个主语的单复数来确定be动词的形式。 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 4.存现句的常用句型 （1）There be+sb./sth.doing sth.有某人或某物正在做某事。 There is someone waiting for him. （2）There be+sb./sth.to do sth.有某人或某物要做某事。（表示该动作尚未发生） There is a large crowd to see him off. （3）There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no doubt that everyone should protect the environment. （4）There is no need for sb.to do sth.某人没有必要做某事。 There is no need for you to bring a computer. （5）There is something wrong with...……有问题/出故障。 There is something wrong with her leg. 随堂训练 1．（25-26九年级上·江苏镇江·月考）—Could you tell me how many players ________ in a football team?     —Eleven. A．there are B．are there C．they are D．are they 2．（23-24九年级上·江苏徐州·月考）Could you tell me ________ a meeting in Guangzhou next week? A．whether is there going to be B．whether there is going to have C．if there was going to be D．if there is going to be 3．（24-25七年级下·江苏无锡·期中）There ________ a new film in the local cinema this weekend. Why not ________ your friends to see it? A．will have; invite B．is going to be; invite C．are going to be; to invite D．will be; to invite 综合训练 1．（2025·江苏·模拟预测）It’s raining heavily outside. You’d better ________ out. A．not go B．not to go C．don’t go D．to not go 2．（2023·江苏南京·一模）A sentence fragment is a group of words that is often punctuated like a sentence, but it is incorrect because it is not a complete sentence. Which of the following is a complete sentence? A．The history project, not too bad. B．I can’t hand in my project on time. C．After I finish the math homework. D．The books on the bookcase in the living room. 3．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）—______ did the Chinese astronauts stay in the space station?   —For about six months. A．How often B．How long C．How soon D．How far 4．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）—________ does the white whale weigh?      — About six hundred kilos. A．How often B．How far C．How heavy D．Hong long 5．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）There _______ a song and dance show in Huai’an Xiyou World of Adventure at night. Why not ________ your classmates to see it? A．is going to be; invite B．is going to have; invite C．is going to be; to invite D．is going to have; to invite 6．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）Growing up is not easy, Tom. ________ calm when you’re facing serious problems in life. A．Staying B．Stays C．Stay D．To stay 7．（2024·江苏扬州·一模）________ at the door before you enter my room, please. A．Knocked B．Knocking C．Knock D．To knock 8．（2024·江苏徐州·一模）________, and we will have more free time for our hobbies. A．Keep on trying B．Think twice C．Step away from the phone D．Never give up 9．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）________ exciting news it is that our school won the English speech contest! A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 10．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—________ fine weather! It’s a good chance to go camping. —Exactly! I simply can’t wait! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 11．（2025·江苏宿迁·模拟预测）—My brother took part in the Suqian Marathon in March. —Great!______ meaningful experience it was! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 12．（23-24九年级下·江苏扬州·月考）The sentence structure of “She always keeps everything in order.” is _________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O D．S+V+O+OC 13．（2023·江苏南京·二模）Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．Actors are playing different roles on the stage. B．Volunteers often offer children help in poor areas. C．Lucy picked up her sister at the airport the other day. D．I advise him to develop a good habit of going to bed early. 14．（2023·江苏扬州·一模）The sentence structure of “We call Gaoyou the Stamp Town.” is ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+O 15．（24-25八年级下·江苏淮安·期中）There used to ________ a beautiful lake near Helen’s house. When she was a child, she was used to ________ a walk around it after supper. A．have; take B．have; taking C．be; take D．be; taking 16．（24-25七年级下·江苏南京·期中）There ________ a football match between Class 3 and Class 10 the day after tomorrow. A．will be B．is going to have C．will have D．are going to be 17．（24-25七年级下·江苏南京·月考）—Why are you so excited, Ricky? —Because there ________ a big show on TV this evening. A．is going to have B．will have C．are going to be D．is going to be 二．语法选择 A （2025·陕西榆林·模拟预测）The brush pen can date back (追溯到) 1 of years to ancient China. It’s said that it was invented by a man named Meng Tian. Meng Tian was a general of the Qin Kingdom. In 223 BC, Meng was leading the army in a fight. He needed 2 the daily situation of the fight to his king. In those days, people could only write on silk 3 a stick pen. It took Meng much time and caused him trouble. So he was thinking of ways to improve it. One day, Meng caught some rabbits in the wild. The rabbits 4 on horseback, and one rabbit’s tail left a trail (痕迹) on the ground when the horse moved on. Suddenly, 5 good idea hit Meng when he saw that. After Meng went back, he planned 6 —tie a rabbit’s tail to a stick and use it to write. However, the rabbit hair was oily (油性的), and did not hold the ink (墨). It couldn’t write. Then Meng 7 his “invention” away into a stone hole. But that didn’t stop 8 from trying. 9 days later, Meng saw his “invention” in that hole again. Surprisingly, it could write well. In fact, the special water in the hole cleaned the oil on the rabbit’s tail and made it much 10 . Meng finally succeeded in inventing the brush pen. 1．A．thousand B．thousand’s C．thousands D．thousands’ 2．A．report B．reporting C．reported D．to report 3．A．with B．in C．on D．by 39．A．carried B．were carried C．are carried D．was carried 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．why would he do B．why he would do C．what would he do D．what he would do 7．A．throw B．throws C．threw D．throwing 8．A．he B．him C．his D．himself 9．A．Little B．A little C．Few D．A few 10．A．soft B．softer C．softest D．softly B （2025·陕西·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Xu Xiake was a famous Chinese traveler and explorer (探索者) during the Ming Dynasty. He spent over 30 years walking through different parts of China 1 mountains and rivers. His travels took him to Shaanxi Province in northwest China, 2 he left important records there. In Shaanxi, Xu Xiake climbed Mount Hua, one of China’s most dangerous 3 . He carefully described 4 scary roads and strangely shaped rocks in his diary. He also visited Xi’an, the capital city 5 ancient China. There, he learned about local history and studied how people lived near the 6 . Xu Xiake’s journey through Shaanxi helped people to understand this area 7 than before. He wrote about both natural beauty and 8 stories. His notes about Shaanxi’s geography became valuable information for later studies. Through his hard work and brave spirit, Xu Xiake showed us 9 with curiosity. Even today, his travel diaries 10 a great difference to learning about China’s geography and history. 1．A．to study B．study C．studying D．studied 2．A．or B．that C．and D．if 3．A．mountain B．mountains C．mountain’s D．mountains’ 4．A．it B．its C．they D．their 5．A．at B．on C．of D．for 6．A．Yellow river B．yellow river C．Yellow River D．yellow River 7．A．well B．better C．good D．best 8．A．Culture B．culture’s C．cultures D．cultural 9．A．how he explores the world B．how he explored the world C．what he explores the world D．what he explored the world 10．A．makes B．made C．have made D．making 三．语法填空 A （2023·江苏·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Two years ago, my family moved into our dream house, a very big home 1 seven rooms. It was a beautiful place, but as our children grew up, our feeling of togetherness began to disappear 2 (slow). In the big house, we sometimes seemed to be 3 (strange) to each other. One day, my daughter Hannah became sad about the 4 (different) between the world’s haves or have-nots. She wanted us to be “a family that does something good in the world, even if it’s a small thing”. My wife Joan asked her, “What are you 5 (will) to give up? Your house? Your room?” Hannah said yes to both. After 6 (talk) it over as a family, we decided to sell our house and move to one that was half its size and price and give the money to those poor people in need. After a lot of research, we 7 (choose) the Hunger Project, a US organization. To be honest, we were a little 8 (worry) at first. Would the new home to be too small for us? Or would we think we had given up too much? Two years later, I can tell you: It’s the 9 (good) move we have ever made. While we worked together on our family project, we became much closer. 10 Hannah said the other day, “We learned how to really trust each other.” B （2023·江苏苏州·一模）请认真阅读下面短文，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 International Women’s Day is on 8 March every year. On this day people celebrate the 1 (achieve) of women all over the world, but also continue to fight for women’s equal rights. International Women’s Day can be traced back to 1908, when women went out onto the streets to say they wanted 2 (short) working hours and better pay. In 1910, there was a meeting about women’s rights, where a woman 3 (call) Clara Zetkin had the idea for an international day for women. The 4 (one) International Women’s Day happened the next year, in 1911. Why do we need a special day for women? Around the world, most countries have a male leader and most businesses have male leaders. Men 5 (pay) more than women for doing the same job. In many countries, men also do less work at home and get 6 better education. We need change, 7 the changes need to start with girls. We need to change things because being equal is a basic human right. How is International Women’s Day celebrated? People celebrate 8 remembering and talking about important women from history and today. People also have special events 9 (speak) about all the changes we still need to make. More 10 (important), boys and men celebrate this day too. If everyone works together, we can change things faster. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题14简单句的基本句型考点归纳 考点导览 考点讲练 考点1句子种类 句子是组成篇章的基本单位,每个英语句子中必须有一个动词来充当谓语。按其功能句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四类；按其结构句子可分为简单句、并列句、主从复合句和并列复合句。 一、陈述句 陈述句用来陈述一个事实或情况，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号，读降调。 形式 结构 例句 肯定形式 主语+谓语（+其他）. He likes playing football. 主语+系动词+表语（+其他）. My name is Jenny Green. 否定形式 主语+be动词/助动词/情态（助）动词+not（+其他）. The clock isn't working now. He doesn't like oranges. 用表示否定意义的词（never、seldom、hardly、no、few、little、nothing、nobody、none、neither、nowhere等）来实现 We seldom go to the movies. Nobody could answer my question. 知识拓展 部分否定形式 含有all、both、everything等的肯定句加not变为否定句后只表示部分否定。若要表示全部否定，则需用no、no one、nobody、none、neither、nothing等词。 ·All the students in our class like playing football.我们班所有的学生都喜欢踢足球。（肯定句） ·Not all the students in our class like playing football.=All the students in our class don't like playing football.我们班并非所有的学生都喜欢踢足球。（部分否定） ·None of the students in our class like playing football.我们班没有一个学生喜欢踢足球。（全部否定） 随堂训练 1．（2023·江苏南京·二模）—Shall we meet at the zoo gate at 8 a.m.? —In fact we needn’t. It ________ until 9 a.m. A．doesn’t open B．opens C．didn’t open D．opened 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们上午8点在动物园门口见面好吗？——事实上，我们没有必要。直到上午9点才开门。 考查not...until及时态。根据“In fact we needn’t. It ... until 9 a.m.”可知，没必要八点到，因为动物园直到九点才开门，not...until“直到……才”，时态为一般现在时。故选A。 2．（2023·江苏常州·一模）—Yuan Longping spent all his life on the research and development of better rice plants. —That’s true. We ________ praise him too much. A．must B．mustn’t C．can D．can’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——袁隆平一生都在研究和开发更好的水稻。——这是真的。我们再怎么赞扬他也不为过。 考查情态动词can的习惯用法。must必须；mustn’t不必；can能；can’t不会。根据语境可知，袁隆平为水稻改良做出了很大贡献，可推测此处是我们怎么赞扬他也不为过，cannot...too...表示“无论怎么……也不为过”，can’t=cannot。故选D。 3．（2022·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Susan, why are you in the classroom? All your classmates are on the bus. —I’m sorry, but I ________what time to get on the bus. A．am not tell B．didn’t tell C．haven’t told D．wasn’t told 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——苏珊，你怎么在教室里？所有你的同学都在公共汽车上。——对不起，我没有被告知什么时候上车。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据“All your classmates are on the bus”和“sorry”，可知回答表达之前没有被告知，动词用一般过去时的被动结构“wasn’t told”。故选D。 二、疑问句 疑问句可分为四类:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 1.一般疑问句 一般疑问句以be动词、助动词、情态动词开头,通常用yes或no回答。在对话中使用一般疑问句时应特别注意问句与答句在人称、数和时态上的一致。 （1）be动词+主语+表语（+其他） —Is the book about English grammar?—Yes,it is./No,it isn't. （2）助动词+主语+动词原形（+其他） —Did it take long to realize that something was wrong?—Yes,it did./No,it didn't. （3）情态（助）动词+主语+谓语（+其他） —Will they lend us some more money?—Yes,they will./No,they won't. 2.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是由疑问代词、疑问副词或疑问词组引导的疑问句,不用yes或no来回答。 （1）疑问代词 疑问代词 例句 who（作主语）/whom（作宾语） 谁（指人） —Who wrote the novel 1984? —（The novel was written by）George Orwell. —Whom did you see at the party last night? —（I saw）Sarah（at the party last night）. whose谁的（指人） —Whose book is this on the table? （=Whose is this book on the table?） —It's mine/Tom's. what什么（指人或物） —What does he do?—He is a doctor. —What happened to your car? —My car broke down on the way to work. which哪一个/哪一些 （指人或物） —Which student won the match in your class?—Tom. —Which word has the closest meaning to“blue”? —Sorry,I don't know. （2）疑问副词 疑问副词 例句 when何时（问时间） —When did you first use DeepSeek? —At the beginning of 2025. where何地（问地点） —Where did Zhang Liang get one of the old man's shoes? —Under the bridge. why为什么（问原因） —Why are libraries less popular than before? —Because people prefer to use the Internet to find out information. how怎样;如何 （问方式,感觉） —How did Lupe feel when she saw the girl in a baseball cap? —Worried. —How does the writer develop the passage? —By giving examples. （3）疑问词组 疑问词组 例句 how often多久一次（问频率） —How often does the competition take place? —Twice a week. how long多长 （问持续时间或长度） —How long will you need to look after your cat? —For the whole of her life. —How long is the table? —The table is two metres long. how far多远（问距离） —How far is it from the man's house to Wanda Cinema? —About 20 minutes'bus ride. how soon多久之后 （问要多长时间） —How soon will Jeff finish his homework? —In two hours. how much 多少（询问不可数名词的量）；多少钱 —How much water do you need?—Two bottles. —How much will Mr.Green pay if he goes to the Music Festival?—￡20. how many多少 （询问可数名词的数量） —How many children do you have?—Three. how old多少岁（问年龄） —How old is your father?—Forty-five years old. 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—________ will the 2028 Los Angeles Olympic Games be held? —It will be held in about three years. A．How far B．How long C．How soon D．How often 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——2028年洛杉矶奥运会将在多久后举行？——它将在约三年后举行。 考查特殊疑问词。How far多远；How long多长时间；How soon多久以后，常用于将来时；How often多久一次。根据“It will be held in about three years.”可知，需How soon来提问“多久后举行”。故选C。 2．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）— ________ is it from your home to school, Millie? — It’s about 10 minutes’ walk. A．How soon B．How long C．How far D．How often 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Millie，你家到学校有多远？——步行大概10分钟。 考查特殊疑问句。How soon多久； How long多久，多长；How far多远；How often多久一次。根据答句“It’s about 10 minutes’ walk.”可知，是问路程。故选C。 3．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）— ______ is the man over there? — He is a pilot from China Eastern Airlines. A．Who B．Where C．What D．How 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——那边的那个男人是做什么的？——他是一名来自中国东方航空公司的飞行员。 考查特殊疑问句。Who谁；Where在哪里；What什么；How怎样、如何。根据“—...is the man over there? —He is a pilot from China Eastern Airlines.”可知，句子回答他是一名飞行员，因此问句是在询问那个男人的职业，应该用“What”来提问。故选C。 3.选择疑问句 选择疑问句指提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择的疑问句，选项由or连接，回答时不用yes或no，应从所给的选项中选择一个作为答语，或者根据实际情况回答。 （1）一般选择疑问句:一般疑问句+A or B/A，B or C? ·—Is she tall or short?—She's tall. （2）特殊选择疑问句:特殊疑问句+A or B/A，B or C? ·—What would you like,tea or coffee?—I'd like some tea,please. （1）—Dad,shall we go to the library by bike or by car? —____.There is no parking lot there. A.Yes,we will B.No,we won't C.By car D.By bike 【答案】D 三、祈使句 祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语you通常省略，常用动词原形开头。 类型 结构 例句 肯定形式 （Do+）动词原形（+其他）（do用来加强语气，表“务必；一定”） Read English loud! Be+adj.（+其他） Be quiet! Let+宾语+动词原形（+其他） Let me help you. 否定形式 Don't+动词原形（+其他） Don't talk in class. Don't+be+adj.（+其他） Don't be late again! No+名词/动名词（+其他） No smoking.（=Don't smoke.） Don't let+宾语+动词原形=Let+宾语+not+动词原形（+其他） Let him not talk in class. Never+动词原形（+其他） Never give up! 随堂训练 1．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Growing up is not easy. ________ calm when you’re facing serious problems in life. A．Staying B．To stay C．Stay D．Stays 【答案】C 【详解】句意：长大不容易。当你面临生活中的严重问题时，要保持冷静。 考查祈使句。Staying保持，现在分词或动名词；To stay保持，动词不定式；Stay保持，动词原形；Stays保持，第三人称单数形式。分析句子结构以及选项可知，空处所在句为肯定的祈使句，以动词原形开头。故选C。 2．（24-25九年级·浙江杭州·自主招生）Catherine, ________ the alarm clock for 6 o’clock, or you would oversleep and be late for the train. A．setting B．sets C．set D．to set 【答案】C 【详解】句意：凯瑟琳，把闹钟设定在六点，否则你会睡过头并且赶不上火车的。 考查祈使句。setting设置，现在分词形式；sets设置，单三形式；set设置，原形；to set设置，动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“祈使句+and/or+简单句”的结构，所以第一空应用动词原形，故选C。 3．（2024·江苏·一模）________ fast to your dreams, for if dreams die, life is like a broken-winged bird that can never fly. A．Hold B．To hold C．Held D．Holding 【答案】A 【详解】句意：紧紧抓住你的梦想，因为如果梦想死去，生活就像一只折断翅膀的鸟，永远无法飞翔。 考查祈使句。Hold抓住，动词原形；To hold抓住，动词不定式；Held抓住，过去式或过去分词；Holding抓住，现在分词。根据“...fast to your dreams, for if dreams die, life is like a broken-winged bird that can never fly.”可知，主句为祈使句，用动词原形，故选A。 四、感叹句 感叹句表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,通常由what或how引导。感叹句既可以是完整的句子,也可以是短语。 类型 结构 例句 what引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）! What a beautiful girl（she is）! What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式（+主语+谓语）! What important jobs（they have done）! What+形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）! What good news（it is）! how引导的感叹句 How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）! How delicious（the noodles are）! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）! How useful a subject（it is）! How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）________ useful the information you’ve provided is! A．What a B．What C．How D．How a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你提供的信息多么有用啊！ 考查How感叹句。感叹句常用句型有：①What+(a/an)+形容词+名词＋主语＋谓语！；②How+形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！分析句子可知，句子中心词为形容词“useful”，应用How修饰，故选C。 2．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—We will learn to do some farm work during the coming summer vacation. —________ meaningful experience it is! I can’t wait. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——暑假期间，我们将学习做一些农活。——这是多么有意义的经历啊！我等不及了。 考查感叹句。How+形容词/副词+主谓；What+形容词+可数名词复数+主谓；What+a+元音开头形容词+可数名词单数+主谓；What+an+辅音开头形容词+可数名词单数+主谓。本句中experience是可数名词单数，meaningful以辅音音素开头。故选C。 3．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）— ________ beautiful music it is! What’s its name? —Lonely Warriors. A．What B．How a C．How D．What a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这是多美的音乐啊！它叫什么名字？——《孤勇者》。 考查感叹句。what和how都可引导感叹句，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词。空处用于修饰名词music，所以排除选项B和C；music是不可数名词，其前不用不定冠词。故选A。 考点2简单句的基本句型 一、五种基本句型 类型 例句 主语+谓语（S+V） （谓语为不及物动词） 主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）（谓语为及物动词） 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+C/P）（表语多为名词、形容词、介词短语等,常见的系动词:be、turn、get、look、smell等） 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO） （谓语后须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，如give、show、pass、buy等） 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC） （常见的此类谓语动词:make、keep、let、see、hear、notice等） 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________  . A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“我觉得这个故事很有趣。”这句话的结构是主+谓+宾语+宾补。 考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+IO+ DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。分析句子“I find the story very interesting.”“I”是主语，表示执行动作的在这个句子中，人；“find”是谓语动词，表示“发现”的动作；“the book”是宾语，是“find”这个动作的对象；“interesting”是用来补充说明“the book”的特征，即“有趣的”，在句中作宾语补足语。所以该句子的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”，即 S+V+ DO + OC 结构。故选D。 2．（24-25八年级上·安徽黄山·期末）—There ________ a science festival next month in our school. —Really? I believe we can see some interesting robot shows. A．is going to have B．is going to be C．are going to be D．will have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——下个月我们学校将举办科学节。——真的吗？我相信我们能看到一些有趣的机器人表演。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。is going to have将要有；is going to be将会是；are going to be将会是；will have将会有。根据“next month”可知应为一般将来时；根据“There...a science festival next month in our school.”可知应为there be句型，表示“某地存在某物”；根据空后“a science festival”为名词单数，谓语动词也应为单数；因此此处there be句型的一般将来时应为“there is going to be”。故选B。 3．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）What is the sentence pattern of “The dish smells terrible”? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“这道菜闻起来很糟糕”的句型是什么？ 考查基本句型。S+V主谓；S+V+O主谓宾；S+V+P主系表；S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补。“The dish”作主语；“smells”是系动词；“terrible”是形容词，作表语。故选C。 二、there be句型（存现句） there be句型表示“某地/某时有某物/某人”。 1.there be句型的结构 形式 结构 例句 肯定形式 There be+主语+地点/时间状语. There is a boy beside the tree. 否定形式 There be+not+主语+地点/时间状语. There isn't any meat in the fridge. 一般疑问句形式 Be+there+主语+地点/时间状语? —Are there any students in the classroom? —Yes,there are./No,there aren't. 特殊疑问句形式 对主语提问（省略there）：Who/What+be+地点状语/时间状语？ What's in the big box? 对地点状语提问（省略there）：Where+be+主语？ Where will be a celebration next week? 对数量提问：How many/much+名词+be+there+地点/时间状语？ How many AI robots are there in the school library now? 2.there be句型的时态、主谓一致和与非谓语动词连用 结构 说明 例句 一般现在时 描述当前存在的事物或状态 There is a large cat sleeping on the sofa. 一般过去时 描述过去存在的事物或状态 There was a storm last night. 一般将来时 表示预测或未来的计划 There will be/is going to be a party tomorrow. 现在完成时 表示存在的结果及其影响 There have been many complaints about the poor service at the restaurant. 情态动词 带着情绪、态度或语气 There may be some new clothes on sale in the shop now. 非谓语动词在there be句型中的运用 主谓关系/正在进行的动作 There is a man waiting outside.外面有个人在等着。 表目的/未发生的动作 There is homework to finish.还有作业要完成。 动宾关系/已完成的动作 There are no seats left.没有空座位了。 注意there be表示“存在”或“有”，是一种静态描述，而非动作，没有进行时态和被动语态。 3.there be句型的“就近原则” 句子中的be动词和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须一致。在有并列主语的情况下,往往根据第一个主语的单复数来确定be动词的形式。 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 4.存现句的常用句型 （1）There be+sb./sth.doing sth.有某人或某物正在做某事。 There is someone waiting for him. （2）There be+sb./sth.to do sth.有某人或某物要做某事。（表示该动作尚未发生） There is a large crowd to see him off. （3）There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no doubt that everyone should protect the environment. （4）There is no need for sb.to do sth.某人没有必要做某事。 There is no need for you to bring a computer. （5）There is something wrong with...……有问题/出故障。 There is something wrong with her leg. 随堂训练 1．（25-26九年级上·江苏镇江·月考）—Could you tell me how many players ________ in a football team?     —Eleven. A．there are B．are there C．they are D．are they 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我一个足球队有多少名队员吗？——11名。 考查there be句型和宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me...”可知，此处是宾语从句，应该用陈述语序；再根据“how many players...in a football team”可知，此处是询问足球队中队员的数量，应用there be句型表示“某地有某物”。故选A。 2．（23-24九年级上·江苏徐州·月考）Could you tell me ________ a meeting in Guangzhou next week? A．whether is there going to be B．whether there is going to have C．if there was going to be D．if there is going to be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你能告诉我下周在广州是否会有一场会议吗？ 考查宾语从句及there be句型。根据“Could you tell me”及选项可知，空处是宾语从句，且Could在句中是委婉语气，因此结合“next week”可知，从句用将来时，且语序为陈述句语序，排除A、C选项；there be句型不可与have连用，排除B选项。故选D。 3．（24-25七年级下·江苏无锡·期中）There ________ a new film in the local cinema this weekend. Why not ________ your friends to see it? A．will have; invite B．is going to be; invite C．are going to be; to invite D．will be; to invite 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个周末当地影院将上映一部新电影。为什么不邀请你的朋友去看呢？ 考查there be句型的一般将来时和固定搭配。根据“a new film in the local cinema this weekend”可知，电影还没上映，应用一般将来时，a new film是单数，be动词用is，there be句型的一般将来时为“there will be”或“there is going to be”。why not do sth.为固定搭配，表示“为什么不做某事”，接动词原形。故选B。 综合训练 1．（2025·江苏·模拟预测）It’s raining heavily outside. You’d better ________ out. A．not go B．not to go C．don’t go D．to not go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：外面下着大雨。你最好不要出去。 考查否定句。had better“最好”，后接动词原形，其否定形式是“had better not do sth.”，意为“最好不做某事”。故选A。 2．（2023·江苏南京·一模）A sentence fragment is a group of words that is often punctuated like a sentence, but it is incorrect because it is not a complete sentence. Which of the following is a complete sentence? A．The history project, not too bad. B．I can’t hand in my project on time. C．After I finish the math homework. D．The books on the bookcase in the living room. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：句子片段是一组单词，通常像句子一样被标点，但它是不正确的，因为它不是一个完整的句子。以下哪一个是完整的句子？ 考查对完整句子定义的理解。选项A中无谓语，所以不是完整的句子；选项B中主谓宾齐全，是完整的句子；选项C中只有时间状语从句部分，缺乏主句，所以不是完整的句子；选项D中无谓语，所以不是完整的句子。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）—______ did the Chinese astronauts stay in the space station?   —For about six months. A．How often B．How long C．How soon D．How far 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——中国宇航员在空间站待了多久？——大约六个月。 考查特殊疑问句。How often多久一次；How long多长；How soon多久；How far多远。根据“For about six months.”可知，此处是对一段时间进行提问，应用How long。故选B。 4．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）—________ does the white whale weigh?      — About six hundred kilos. A．How often B．How far C．How heavy D．Hong long 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这头白鲸体重是多少？——大约六百公斤。 考查特殊疑问句。How often多久一次；How far多远；How heavy多重；Hong long多久。根据答语“About six hundred kilos.”可知，答句是关于白鲸体重的内容，此处应该使用“How heavy”询问重量、体重。故选C。 5．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）There _______ a song and dance show in Huai’an Xiyou World of Adventure at night. Why not ________ your classmates to see it? A．is going to be; invite B．is going to have; invite C．is going to be; to invite D．is going to have; to invite 【答案】A 【详解】句意：晚上在淮安西游冒险世界将有一场歌舞表演。为什么不邀请你的同学去看呢？ 考查there be句型的一般将来时和非谓语动词。第一空，根据空前“There”可知，此处考查there be句型，其一般将来时结构为there is going to be，排除B和D；第二空，“Why not +动词原形”是固定句型，意为“为什么不……呢？”，用于提出建议，所以这里应用动词原形，排除C。故选A。 6．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）Growing up is not easy, Tom. ________ calm when you’re facing serious problems in life. A．Staying B．Stays C．Stay D．To stay 【答案】C 【详解】句意：长大不容易，汤姆。当你面临生活中的严重问题时，要保持冷静。 考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为祈使句，以动词原形开头。故选C。 7．（2024·江苏扬州·一模）________ at the door before you enter my room, please. A．Knocked B．Knocking C．Knock D．To knock 【答案】C 【详解】句意：进我房间之前请先敲门。 考查祈使句的用法。根据语境及“please”可知，该句为祈使句，所以应用动词原形开头。故选C。 8．（2024·江苏徐州·一模）________, and we will have more free time for our hobbies. A．Keep on trying B．Think twice C．Step away from the phone D．Never give up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：远离手机，我们将会有更多的空闲时间给我们的爱好。 考查祈使句。Keep on trying保持尝试；Think twice三思；Step away from the phone远离手机；Never give up永不放弃。根据后文“we will have more free time for our hobbies”可知，应该是远离手机，给爱好腾出时间。故选C。 9．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）________ exciting news it is that our school won the English speech contest! A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校赢得了英语演讲比赛，这是多么令人兴奋的消息啊！ 考查感叹句。分析句子可知，中心词“news”为不可数名词，应用“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语”的感叹句结构。故选A。 10．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—________ fine weather! It’s a good chance to go camping. —Exactly! I simply can’t wait! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——天气真好啊！这是去露营的好机会。——没错！我简直迫不及待了！ 考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是不可数名词，用感叹句结构what adj. n.+主谓。故选A。 11．（2025·江苏宿迁·模拟预测）—My brother took part in the Suqian Marathon in March. —Great!______ meaningful experience it was! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我哥哥三月份参加了宿迁马拉松比赛。——太棒了！这是多么有意义的一次经历啊！ 考查感叹句。What多么，引导感叹句时，用于修饰名词；How多么，引导感叹句时，用于修饰形容词或副词。根据“...meaningful experience it was!”可知，句中“experience”表示“经历”，是可数名词单数，“meaningful”是修饰“experience”的形容词，中心词是名词，所以用“What”引导感叹句，且需要加不定冠词“a”，构成“What a+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”的结构。故选B。 12．（23-24九年级下·江苏扬州·月考）The sentence structure of “She always keeps everything in order.” is _________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“She always keeps everything in order.”的句子结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”。 考查句子结构。She作主语；always作状语；keeps作谓语；everything作宾语；in order作宾语补足语。故选D。 13．（2023·江苏南京·二模）Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．Actors are playing different roles on the stage. B．Volunteers often offer children help in poor areas. C．Lucy picked up her sister at the airport the other day. D．I advise him to develop a good habit of going to bed early. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪个句子与“Eddie is watching Hobo work.”结构相同？ 考查句子结构。选项A的句子结构是“主+谓+宾”；选项B的句子结构是“主+谓+间宾+直宾”；选项C的句子结构是“主+谓+宾”；选项D的句子结构是“主+谓+宾+宾补”；“Eddie is watching Hobo work.”的句子结构是“主+谓+宾+宾补”，故选D。 14．（2023·江苏扬州·一模）The sentence structure of “We call Gaoyou the Stamp Town.” is ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+O 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“We call Gaoyou the Stamp Town.”这个句子的结构是主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语。 考查基本句型。We 是主语S，call是谓语动词V；Gaoyou是直接宾语DO；the Stamp Town.是宾语补足语OC。故选C。 15．（24-25八年级下·江苏淮安·期中）There used to ________ a beautiful lake near Helen’s house. When she was a child, she was used to ________ a walk around it after supper. A．have; take B．have; taking C．be; take D．be; taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：海伦家附近曾经有一个美丽的湖。当她还是一个孩子时，她习惯晚饭后绕着它散步。 考查there be句型和used相关短语。used to do sth“曾经/过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”。第一空，根据“There used to... a beautiful lake near Helen’s house.”可知，此处表示曾经有一个美丽的湖，应用“There used to be...”结构，排除A项和B项；第二空，根据“she was used to... a walk around it after supper.”可知，此处指海伦习惯晚饭后绕着它散步，应填taking，排除C项。故选D。 16．（24-25七年级下·江苏南京·期中）There ________ a football match between Class 3 and Class 10 the day after tomorrow. A．will be B．is going to have C．will have D．are going to be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：后天三班和十班将会有一场足球比赛。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。根据下文“a football match between Class 3 and Class 10 the day after tomorrow.”可知，比赛还未开始，故要用一般将来时,a football match是单数，be动词用is。there be句型的一般将来时为there will be或there is going to be。故选A。 17．（24-25七年级下·江苏南京·月考）—Why are you so excited, Ricky? —Because there ________ a big show on TV this evening. A．is going to have B．will have C．are going to be D．is going to be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你为什么如此兴奋，Ricky？——因为今晚电视上将有一场大型演出。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。分析句子可知，此处是there be句型的一般将来时，其结构是there is/are going to be或there will be，排除A、B选项；主语“a big show”是单数名词，be动词用is。故选D。 二．语法选择 A （2025·陕西榆林·模拟预测）The brush pen can date back (追溯到) 1 of years to ancient China. It’s said that it was invented by a man named Meng Tian. Meng Tian was a general of the Qin Kingdom. In 223 BC, Meng was leading the army in a fight. He needed 2 the daily situation of the fight to his king. In those days, people could only write on silk 3 a stick pen. It took Meng much time and caused him trouble. So he was thinking of ways to improve it. One day, Meng caught some rabbits in the wild. The rabbits 4 on horseback, and one rabbit’s tail left a trail (痕迹) on the ground when the horse moved on. Suddenly, 5 good idea hit Meng when he saw that. After Meng went back, he planned 6 —tie a rabbit’s tail to a stick and use it to write. However, the rabbit hair was oily (油性的), and did not hold the ink (墨). It couldn’t write. Then Meng 7 his “invention” away into a stone hole. But that didn’t stop 8 from trying. 9 days later, Meng saw his “invention” in that hole again. Surprisingly, it could write well. In fact, the special water in the hole cleaned the oil on the rabbit’s tail and made it much 10 . Meng finally succeeded in inventing the brush pen. 1．A．thousand B．thousand’s C．thousands D．thousands’ 2．A．report B．reporting C．reported D．to report 3．A．with B．in C．on D．by 39．A．carried B．were carried C．are carried D．was carried 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．why would he do B．why he would do C．what would he do D．what he would do 7．A．throw B．throws C．threw D．throwing 8．A．he B．him C．his D．himself 9．A．Little B．A little C．Few D．A few 10．A．soft B．softer C．softest D．softly 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了毛笔的起源，相传毛笔是由秦国将军蒙恬发明的，蒙恬在打仗时发现兔子尾巴留下的痕迹，受到启发，计划用兔子尾巴绑在木棍上写字，但兔子毛太油写不了字，蒙恬将其扔进石洞，几天后发现兔子尾巴因洞里特殊的水清洗了油而变得好用，最终成功发明了毛笔。 1．句意：毛笔可以追溯到数千年前的古代中国。 thousand千；thousand’s千的；thousands数千；thousands’数千的。根据“of years”可知，此处表示“数千年”，thousands of为固定搭配，意为“数千的”，符合句意。故选C。 2．句意：他需要向国王报告战斗的每日情况。 report报告，动词原形；reporting动名词或现在分词；reported过去式或过去分词；to report动词不定式。根据“He needed”可知，此处考查“need to do sth.”，意为“需要做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式作宾语。故选D。 3．句意：在那些日子里，人们只能用棍笔在丝绸上写字。 with用；in在……里；on在……上；by通过。根据“write on silk … a stick pen”可知，此处表示“用棍笔在丝绸上写字”，应用介词with表示“用”。故选A。 4．句意：兔子被骑在马背上，当马继续前进时，一只兔子的尾巴在地上留下了一条痕迹。 carried携带，过去式；were carried一般过去时的被动语态；are carried一般现在时的被动语态；was carried一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数。根据“The rabbits … on horseback”可知，主语“The rabbits”与动词“carry”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，即“be+过去分词”；且根据后文“when the horse moved on”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语“The rabbits”为复数，be动词应用were。故选B。 5．句意：突然，当他看到那个时，一个好主意击中了蒙恬。 a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。根据“good idea”可知，此处表示泛指“一个好主意”，且“good”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故选A。 6．句意：蒙恬回去后，他计划要做什么——把兔子的尾巴绑在棍子上，用它来写字。 why would he do他为什么要做，疑问语序；why he would do他为什么要做，陈述语序；what would he do他要做什么，疑问语序；what he would do他要做什么，陈述语序。根据“he planned …”可知，此处为宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除A和C；再根据“tie a rabbit’s tail to a stick and use it to write”可知，此处表示“他要做什么”，应用what引导宾语从句。故选D。 7．句意：然后蒙恬把他的“发明”扔进了一个石洞里。 throw扔，动词原形；throws第三人称单数形式；threw过去式；throwing动名词或现在分词。根据“Then Meng … his ‘invention’ away into a stone hole.”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式。故选C。 8．句意：但这并没有阻止他继续尝试。 he他，人称代词主格；him他，人称代词宾格；his他的，形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词；himself他自己，反身代词。根据“stop … from trying”可知，此处考查“stop sb. from doing sth.”，意为“阻止某人做某事”，其中“sb.”应用人称代词宾格形式作宾语。故选B。 9．句意：几天后，蒙恬又看到了他在那个洞里的“发明”。 Little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；A little一点，修饰不可数名词；Few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；A few几个，修饰可数名词复数。根据“days later”可知，此处表示“几天后”，“days”为可数名词复数，应用a few修饰。故选D。 10．句意：事实上，洞里的特殊的水清洁了兔子尾巴上的油，使它变得更柔软。 soft柔软的，形容词原级；softer更柔软的，形容词比较级；softest最柔软的，形容词最高级；softly柔软地，副词原级。根据“made it much …”可知，此处应用形容词作宾语补足语，且much修饰形容词比较级，所以此处应用softer。故选B。 B （2025·陕西·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Xu Xiake was a famous Chinese traveler and explorer (探索者) during the Ming Dynasty. He spent over 30 years walking through different parts of China 1 mountains and rivers. His travels took him to Shaanxi Province in northwest China, 2 he left important records there. In Shaanxi, Xu Xiake climbed Mount Hua, one of China’s most dangerous 3 . He carefully described 4 scary roads and strangely shaped rocks in his diary. He also visited Xi’an, the capital city 5 ancient China. There, he learned about local history and studied how people lived near the 6 . Xu Xiake’s journey through Shaanxi helped people to understand this area 7 than before. He wrote about both natural beauty and 8 stories. His notes about Shaanxi’s geography became valuable information for later studies. Through his hard work and brave spirit, Xu Xiake showed us 9 with curiosity. Even today, his travel diaries 10 a great difference to learning about China’s geography and history. 1．A．to study B．study C．studying D．studied 2．A．or B．that C．and D．if 3．A．mountain B．mountains C．mountain’s D．mountains’ 4．A．it B．its C．they D．their 5．A．at B．on C．of D．for 6．A．Yellow river B．yellow river C．Yellow River D．yellow River 7．A．well B．better C．good D．best 8．A．Culture B．culture’s C．cultures D．cultural 9．A．how he explores the world B．how he explored the world C．what he explores the world D．what he explored the world 10．A．makes B．made C．have made D．making 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了明代旅行家徐霞客的游历经历，重点讲述他在陕西的考察活动，以及其旅行日记对研究中国地理和历史的价值。 1．句意：他花了30多年时间走遍中国各地，研究山川河流。 to study去研究，动词不定式；study研究，动词原形；studying研究，现在分词；studied研究，过去式。根据“He spent over 30 years walking through different parts of China”可知，走遍各地的目的是研究山川，用to do表目的。故选A。 2．句意：他的旅行带他到了中国西北的陕西省，并且在那里留下了重要记录。 or或者；that引导从句；and和，表并列；if如果。“到达陕西”和“留下记录”是并列关系，用and连接，故选C。 3．句意：在陕西，徐霞客攀登了华山，中国最危险的山脉之一。 mountain山脉，单数；mountains山脉，复数；mountain’s山脉的，单数所有格；mountains’山脉的，复数所有格。根据“one of China’s most dangerous”可知，“one of+可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，此处指最危险的山脉之一，用复数，故选B。 4．句意：他在日记中仔细描述了它的险峻道路和奇形怪状的岩石。 it它，主/宾格；its它的，形容词性物主代词；they它们，主格；their它们的，形容词性物主代词。此处修饰scary roads，指“华山的道路”，用形容词性物主代词its，故选B。 5．句意：他还参观了中国古代的都城西安。 at在某地；on在……上；of……的；for为了。the capital city of ancient China表示“中国古代的都城”，用of表所属关系，故选C。 6．句意：他还了解了当地历史，研究了黄河附近人们的生活方式。 Yellow river表述错误；yellow river表述错误；Yellow River黄河，专有名词；yellow River表述错误。“黄河”是专有名词，英文表达为Yellow River，首字母均大写，故选C。 7．句意：徐霞客的陕西之旅帮助人们比以前更了解这个地区。 well好，原级；better更好，比较级；good好的，原级；best最好，最高级。根据“than before”可知，用比较级，故选B。 8．句意：他既写了自然美景，也写了文化故事。 Culture文化，名词；culture’s文化的，所有格；cultures文化，复数；cultural文化的，形容词。此处修饰stories用形容词cultural，表示“文化故事”，故选D。 9．句意：通过他的努力和勇敢精神，徐霞客向我们展示了他如何带着好奇心探索世界。 how he explores the world时态错误；how he explored the world他如何探索世界，过去时；what he explores the world搭配错误；what he explored the world搭配错误。徐霞客的探索是过去发生的事，用一般过去时；how表示“如何”。故选B。 10．句意：即使在今天，他的旅行日记对研究中国的地理和历史也产生了重大影响。 makes产生，一般现在时；made产生，一般过去时；have made产生，现在完成时；making产生，现在分词。even today强调动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。故选C。 三．语法填空 A （2023·江苏·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Two years ago, my family moved into our dream house, a very big home 1 seven rooms. It was a beautiful place, but as our children grew up, our feeling of togetherness began to disappear 2 (slow). In the big house, we sometimes seemed to be 3 (strange) to each other. One day, my daughter Hannah became sad about the 4 (different) between the world’s haves or have-nots. She wanted us to be “a family that does something good in the world, even if it’s a small thing”. My wife Joan asked her, “What are you 5 (will) to give up? Your house? Your room?” Hannah said yes to both. After 6 (talk) it over as a family, we decided to sell our house and move to one that was half its size and price and give the money to those poor people in need. After a lot of research, we 7 (choose) the Hunger Project, a US organization. To be honest, we were a little 8 (worry) at first. Would the new home to be too small for us? Or would we think we had given up too much? Two years later, I can tell you: It’s the 9 (good) move we have ever made. While we worked together on our family project, we became much closer. 10 Hannah said the other day, “We learned how to really trust each other.” 【答案】1．with 2．slowly 3．strangers 4．difference 5．willing 6．talking 7．chose 8．worried 9．best 10．As 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者两年前搬进了梦想中的房子，但随着孩子长大，归属感开始慢慢消失。在那所大房子里，有时似乎互不相识。全家商量之后，决定卖掉房子，搬到一个只有原来一半大小的房子里，剩下的钱捐给了需要帮助的人。最终一家人学会了如何真正信任彼此。 1．句意：两年前，我的家人搬进了我们梦想中的房子，一个有七个房间的大房子。根据“a very big home ... seven rooms.”可知，一个带有七个房间的大房子，应该用with表示伴随。故填with。 2．句意：这是一个美丽的地方，但随着孩子们的长大，我们的归属感开始慢慢消失。此处应该用副词修饰动词disappear。故填slowly。 3．句意：在大房子里，我们有时看起来像是陌生人。根据“to each other”可知，彼此看起来更像是陌生人，stranger“陌生人”，此处应该用名词复数。故填strangers。 4．句意：有一天，我的女儿汉娜为世界上富人和穷人之间的差异感到难过。根据the可知，此处应该用名词，difference“差异”，名词。故填difference。 5．句意：你愿意放弃什么？be willing to do sth“愿意做某事”。故填willing。 6．句意：在作为一个家庭讨论之后，我们决定卖掉房子，搬到一个只有它一半大小和价格的房子，把钱给那些有需要的穷人。介词after后用动名词。故填talking。 7．句意：经过大量研究，我们选择了美国的饥饿项目。全文为一般过去时，此处应该用动词过去式，故填chose。 8．句意：说实话，一开始我们有点担心。此处应该用形容词作表语，worried“担心的”符合。故填worried。 9．句意：这是我们做过的最好的搬家。根据“It’s the ... move we have ever made”可知，此处应该用形容词最高级。故填best。 10．句意：正如汉娜前几天所说，“我们学会了如何真正信任彼此。”根据“Hannah said the other day”可知，此处表示正如汉娜说的，as“正如”符合，置于句首首字母大写。故填As。 B （2023·江苏苏州·一模）请认真阅读下面短文，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 International Women’s Day is on 8 March every year. On this day people celebrate the 1 (achieve) of women all over the world, but also continue to fight for women’s equal rights. International Women’s Day can be traced back to 1908, when women went out onto the streets to say they wanted 2 (short) working hours and better pay. In 1910, there was a meeting about women’s rights, where a woman 3 (call) Clara Zetkin had the idea for an international day for women. The 4 (one) International Women’s Day happened the next year, in 1911. Why do we need a special day for women? Around the world, most countries have a male leader and most businesses have male leaders. Men 5 (pay) more than women for doing the same job. In many countries, men also do less work at home and get 6 better education. We need change, 7 the changes need to start with girls. We need to change things because being equal is a basic human right. How is International Women’s Day celebrated? People celebrate 8 remembering and talking about important women from history and today. People also have special events 9 (speak) about all the changes we still need to make. More 10 (important), boys and men celebrate this day too. If everyone works together, we can change things faster. 【答案】1．achievements 2．shorter 3．called 4．first 5．are paid 6．a 7．and 8．by 9．to speak 10．importantly 【导语】本文介绍了三八国际妇女节的由来及意义。 1．句意：在这一天，人们庆祝世界各地妇女的成就，同时也继续为妇女的平等权利而战。achieve“实现”，动词。此处是of所有格，故用其名词形式。achievement“成就”，名词，此处用其复数形式。故填achievements。 2．句意：国际妇女节可以追溯到1908年，当时妇女走上街头，表示希望缩短工作时间，提高工资。short“短的”，形容词。此处是and连接的并列结构，应用比较级形式。故填shorter。 3．句意：1910年，有一次关于妇女权利的会议，一位名叫克拉拉·泽特金的妇女提出了设立国际妇女日的想法。call“称呼”，动词。此处用其过去分词called，作定语修饰名词woman。故填called。 4．句意：第一个国际妇女节发生在第二年，也就是1911年。one“一”，基数词。此处应用其序数词first，表顺序。故填first。 5．句意：做同样的工作，男人的工资比女人高。pay“支付”，动词。此处指男人被支付工资，应为被动语态，时态是一般现在时，主语是第三人称复数，故用be动词are，pay用其过去分词形式。故填are paid。 6．句意：在许多国家，男性在家做的工作也更少，接受的教育也更好。get a better education“受到更好的教育”。故填a。 7．句意：我们需要改变，而改变需要从女孩开始。根据“We need change, …the changes need to start with girls.”可知，前后文之间是顺承关系，应用and连接。故填and。 8．句意：人们通过缅怀和谈论历史上和今天的重要女性来庆祝。此处指人们庆祝节日的方式，应用by doing sth.表“通过做某事”。故填by。 9．句意：人们也有特别的活动来谈论我们仍然需要做出的所有改变。speak“说”，动词，此处是不定式表目的。故填to speak。 10．句意：更重要的是，男孩和男人也庆祝这一天。important“重要的”，形容词。此处是more importantly“更重要的是”。故填importantly。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $