专题13 构词法考点归纳-2026届中考英语总复习（牛津译林版）

该初中英语中考复习知识清单系统梳理了构词法三大核心考点，涵盖派生法（前缀、后缀）、合成法、转化法，通过分考点讲练、词缀分类解析及对应训练，搭建从基础词缀到词性转化的完整知识架构。 清单采用“考点分级讲练+真题随堂训练”模式，如派生法前缀按否定、时间等类别细化，后缀分名词、动词等词性标注，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计“形容词变副词规则表”“易混词缀对比”等工具，结合2024-2025年江苏模拟题，助力学生自主归纳规律，提升学习能力，为教师提供系统复习资源。

专题13构词法考点归纳 考点导览 考点讲练 考点1派生法 派生法中添加的词缀可以表示不同的意义或词性。（彩色字部分为教材Study skills板块中介绍的以及初中阅读中常见的单词词缀） 一、常用前缀 1.否定前缀 词缀 含义 例词 ab-；abs- 相反；变坏；离去 abuse滥用；虐待abnormal反常的 un- 不；未；非；反 unable不能的unknown未知的unusual不寻常的 dis- 不；非；相反 disadvantage不利因素disagree不同意 in-（变体im-;ir-;il-） 不；非；无 incorrect不正确的inactive不活跃的 impatient不耐烦的impolite不礼貌的 irregular不规则的illegal不合法的 mis- 坏（或错）的；糟糕（或错误）地 mistake错误misunderstand误解 2.常用前缀 （1）表示时间、序列、位置的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 re- 又；再；重新 rebuild重建 fore- 先于；预先 forecast预报 pre- 在……前 prewar战前的 sub- 在……下面 subway地铁 ex- 前任 ex-president前总统 post- 后；以后 postgraduate研究生postwar战后的 under- 在下面;在……之下;不足 undersea海底的underline在……下画线 （2）表示比较程度差别、数量关系的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 micro- 微小的 microwave微波 multi- 多个；许多 multimedia多媒体的 vice- 副 vice-president副总统 sub- 亚于；分支 subtitle副标题 semi- 半 semi-final半决赛 tri- 三 triangle三角形 （3）引起词性变化的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 a- 处于……状态 asleep睡着的 en- 使…… enlarge扩大 （4）表示其他含义的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 tele- 远的 telephone电话television电视 auto- 自动的;自己的 automatic自动的autobiography自传 eco- 生态的 ecosystem生态系统 inter- 在……之间;相互的 international国际的Internet网络 interview采访;会见interact相互作用 trans- 穿越;从……到 transatlantic横渡大西洋的translate翻译 transplant移植 二、常用后缀 1.构成名词的后缀 词缀 含义 例词 -al 表示过程或状态 survival幸存 arrival到达 -an；-ian；-ean ……地方的人；……时期的人 Asian亚洲人Brazilian巴西人Roman古罗马人 专长于……的人； ……地方的人 European欧洲人mathematician数学家 magician魔术师 -ance;-ence 表示行动或状况 appearance出现；外貌importance重要性 confidence信心 -ant;-ent ……人； ……事物 accountant会计applicant申请人president总统 resident居民；住户 -arian 相信……的人；实行……的人 librarian图书管理员vegetarian素食者 -ary 与……有关的人/物 boundary边界；界限secretary秘书 -cy 具有……的状态（或性质） accuracy准确性diplomacy外交 -dom 表示状况或状态 wisdom智慧freedom自由 表示职位、地位、领域 kingdom王国 -eer 与……有关的人 engineer工程师；技师pioneer先锋；开拓者 volunteer志愿者 -er；-or ……的人或物 astronomer天文学家reporter记者creator创造者 inventor发明者；发明家 -ese ……国（或城市）的人；……国（或城市）的语言 Chinese中国人；汉语Portuguese葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 Japanese日本人；日语 -ess 女…… hostess女主人actress女演员waitress女服务员 -hood ……的状态（或性质）；（某类人的）集体 childhood儿童时期livelihood生计 neighborhood街区；居住区 -ibility 可……性； 易……性 possibility可能性flexibility灵活性 responsibility责任 -ics ……的科学（或艺术、活动） mathematics数学physics物理学athletics田径运动 -ing 行动或过程的产物或结果 feeling感觉；感受building建筑物 training培训；训练 -ion；-sion；-tion；-ation） ……行为；……状态 fashion时髦discussion讨论competition竞争 information信息 -ist ……的信仰者；从事……的人；……使用者 socialist社会主义者scientist科学家 dentist牙科医生violinist小提琴手 -ity；-ty ……性质； ……状态 personality个性safety安全 -logy；-ology 学科；科目 biology生物学technology技术psychology心理学 -ment ……的行为（或结果） achievement成就；成绩development发展 advertisement广告agreement协定；协议 -ness ……的性质（或状态、特点） blindness失明kindness善良darkness黑暗 -ship 表示状态、性质、地位、职位、集体 friendship友谊championship锦标赛 scholarship奖学金membership（统称）会员 -th 表示动作或过程 growth生长width宽度；广度truth真相 -ure ……的行动（或过程、结果等） pleasure高兴；满意closure关闭failure失败 -y ……的动作（或过程） discovery发现；发觉jealousy忌妒inquiry询问 2.构成动词的后缀 词缀 含义 例词 -en 使；使成为；变得 worsen使变得更糟weaken削弱broaden加宽 -ify 使得；变成 simplify使简化classify分类beautify美化 -ize -ise（为英式英语拼写） 成为；使；使像；以……方式说（或想、行动、对待等） civilize教化；开化realize意识到；实现 criticize批评memorize记住 3.构成形容词的后缀 词缀 意义 例词 -able -ible 能……的； 应……的； 具有……性质的 acceptable可接受的comfortable舒适的 flexible灵活的；能适应新情况的 -al -ial 与……有关的 verbal言语的natural自然的facial面部的 artificial人工的；人造的 -an -ian -ean 来自；有……特征的 suburban郊区的African非洲的Canadian加拿大的 European欧洲的 -ate 充满……的；有……性质的 passionate充满热情的fortunate幸运的 considerate考虑周到的 -ed 有……特征的 talented天才的cultured有教养的 -en 由……制成（或构成）的 golden金的woolen羊毛的wooden木制的 -ern 表示方向 eastern东方的southern南方的western西方的 northern北方的 -ful 充满……的；有……性质（或倾向）的 cheerful兴高采烈的peaceful和平的sorrowful悲伤的 -ic； -ical 与……有关的；动作（或行为）……的 economic经济的specific独特的historical（有关）历史的classical古典的 -ing 使人……的 amazing令人吃惊的challenging挑战性的 encouraging令人鼓舞的 -ish ……国家的；有……性质的 Turkish土耳其的childish孩子气的selfish自私的 -ive ……倾向的；……性质的 active活跃的；积极的creative创造性的 imaginative富于想象力的 -less 没有；无；不做；不受影响 useless无用的homeless无家可归的 tireless不知疲倦的selfless无私的 -ous； -ious 有……性质的 nervous焦虑的courageous英勇的dangerous危险的 curious好奇的 -some 引起（或易于）……的 fearsome可怕的tiresome令人厌烦的 troublesome令人烦恼的 -y 充满……的；有……特性（倾向）的 sleepy困倦的hairy多毛的messy凌乱的 cloudy多云的 -ly 具有……性质；每隔……时间 friendly友好的lively生气勃勃的weekly每周的 4.构成副词的后缀 词缀 意义 例词 -ly 以……方式 hurriedly匆忙地widely广泛地happily幸福地 归纳总结 形容词变副词的变化规则 类别 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-ly quick—quickly correct—correctly free—freely 辅音字母+y结尾 把y变i,再加-ly easy—easily happy—happily le结尾 去e,加y possible—possibly probable—probably ll结尾 直接加y full—fully 特殊情况 去e,加-ly true—truly 注意（1）有些形容词加上ly后构成的副词意义与形容词有较大区别。 close近的；亲密的→closely密切地 late晚的→lately最近；近来 （2）大部分形容词加-ly构成副词，但有些有-ly后缀的不是副词而是形容词。 lonely独自的 friendly友好的 lively生动的 lovely可爱的 ugly丑陋的 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏泰州·三模）Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A．blackboard B．headache C．creative D．snowball 2．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）Which of the following words is formed in the same way as disabled? A．daily B．unfriendly C．pancake D．dishonest 3．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Which of suffix of sub-in the following words has the different meaning as that in the word of “substitute”? A．rescue B．submit C．subway D．submission 4．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）We can add the prefix (前缀) “un” to all the following words to form a new word EXCEPT ________. A．important B．agree C．interesting D．comfortable 5．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）“________” has the same word-building like “Handwriting”. A．Humans B．Treasure C．Priceless D．Wildlife 6．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）“……Should youthful heads in vain turn grey. we would regret for aye.” —The River All Red by Xu Yuanchong. Which word is formed in the same way as “youthful”? A．disagree B．dangerous C．bookstore D．incorrect 7．（2025·江苏镇江·一模）Among the following words, which one forms the opposite meaning by adding a different prefix? A．patient B．pleasant C．polite D．possible 8．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）The word “________” is formed the same way as “impatient”. A．incorrect B．patiently C．humorous D．pancake 9．（2024·江苏南京·二模）Which of the following suffixes is used to form a noun? A．-tion B．-less C．-ful D．-ly 10．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Spring is a colourful season full of beautiful and lively scenes. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “colourful”? A．beauty B．friendly C．impossible D．doorbell 考点2合成法 类别 例词 复合名词 greenhouse温室 horse-riding骑马 sightseeing观光 sunbathing日光浴 cookbook烹饪书 breakdown故障 income收入 make-up化妆品 feedback反馈的意见 mother-in-law婆婆；岳母 复合形容词 full-time全日的；全职的，hard-hearted无情的，open-minded思想开放的 quick-witted机敏的，three-year-old有三年之久的；三岁的，ten-minute十分钟的 tax-free免税的，airtight密闭的，well-behaved行为端正的，worn-out破烂不堪的 home-made自制的；家里做的，self-confident自信的 复合代词 something某事；某物 anyone任何人 nobody没有人 everything每件事 whatever任何事物；一切事物 复合副词 somewhere在某处；到某处 anywhere在任何地方 nowadays现在 otherwise否则 sometimes有时；间或 moreover此外；而且 downstairs在楼下 复合动词 overcome克服 sleepwalk梦游 understand理解 sunbathe沐日光浴 daydream幻想；空想 注意在“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成的复合形容词中，中间的名词不能用复数形式,必须用单数形式。 She is an 11-year-old girl.她是一个11岁的女孩。（11-year-old不能说成11-years-old） a six-foot-deep hole一个六英尺深的洞 a 100-meter race一场百米赛跑 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）The word “________” is formed the same way as “spacecraft”. A．pollution B．uncertain C．interplanetary D．necklace 2．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）Which of the following words is formed like “classroom”? A．visitor B．impatient C．meaningful D．raincoat 3．（24-25九年级下·上海·月考）Of all their works, this is probably the ________ song. A．good-known B．well-known C．better-known D．best-known 4．（2023·江苏南京·一模）Which word is formed in the same way as “weekend”? A．unable B．invention C．helpless D．noticeboard 5．（2022·江苏盐城·二模）Which of the following words is formed like “unimportant”? A．incorrect B．afternoon C．scientist D．hopeful 考点3转化法 转化方法 例词/句 动词→名词 guess v.猜出→n.猜测 Can you guess how many people there were?（v.） There might be about 20 people there,but that's just a rough guess.（n.） 名词→动词 paper n.纸→v.给……贴墙纸 She wrapped the present in pretty paper and put a bow on the top.（n.） He is papering the bedroom.（v.） 形容词→动词 empty adj.空的→v.把……腾出 I hate coming home to an empty house.（adj.） 形容词→动词 She emptied her purse onto the table.（v.） 形容词→名词 green adj.绿色的→n.绿色 Cairo has only thirteen square centimetres of green space for each inhabitant.（adj.） The painting featured a beautiful mixture of blues and greens.（n.） 综合训练 1．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）In Zhuhai Park, you can enjoy the natural beauty, or (simple) breathe the fresh air. 2．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Don’t eat too much at a time, or you’ll feel (comfortable). 3．（2024·江苏泰州·一模）The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “ ”. (possible) 4．（2024·江苏泰州·一模）Before Giant Panda Fu Bao returned to China, thousands of (tour) came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao. 5．（2023·江苏无锡·二模）The boy (careless) put the cup on the table and it fell down. 6．（2023·江苏南京·二模）— Our neighbour next door is putting something on the wall. — It’s (possible) to sleep with all that noise. 7．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）With the money, we have sent many poor children to school. (success) 8．（2023·江苏南京·一模）Li Jun was (lucky) because his car broke down yesterday. 9．（21-22八年级上·江苏盐城·期中）No one was willing to help the old man and he felt (help). 10．（2022·江苏无锡·三模）It’s hard for kangaroos to walk backwards because of the (usual) shape of their legs. 二．．从方框中选择恰当的词，并用其正确形式填空（每个词只能用一次） discuss certain active snow （1）[2024南通]—What's your volunteer project? —After several__________,our group has reached agreement to interview WWF officer. （2）[2024南通]—Dad,the weather report says it will be a____day tomorrow. —Good news.You can make a snowman with Tony. （3）[2024南通]—Why are you worrying about eating with French students? —I'm________about French table manners. （4）Owen is________and he never exercises.I think he should change his lifestyle. 三．构词法语法填空 Once upon a time,in a busy town called Sunville,there was a brave little boy named Tim.Tim loved exploring the（1）________（color）streets to make new friends and experiencing the（2）______（nature）world for himself.But there was one place he'd never been to—the big castle on the（3）____________（east）edge of the town.People said it was scary,which made him more curious. One sunny day,Tim made the（4）________（decide）to visit the castle and set out（5）________（cheer）with his dog,Billy.As they walked（6）______（close）,a（7）______（feel）of fear came to Tim.But he kept going.The deserted（废弃的）castle was huge,with tall,pointed（尖的）towers and dirty flags waving in the wind.Tim thought it looked like the exact place he wanted to explore all the time! Inside,it was dark and spooky（阴森恐怖的）.Tim held Billy tight as they walked through the long halls.（8）________（sudden）,they heard a noise!Tim felt（9）______（scare）,but he remembered what his grandma told him—to be brave. Taking a deep breath,Tim followed his heart and kept going.They faced many challenges,like dark rooms and strange shadows.But Tim didn't give up. （10）______（final）,they found a hidden room with a（11）______（lock）treasure chest（宝箱）!A sense of（12）__________（achieve）and pride filled him... 四．语法选择 A （2026·陕西宝鸡·一模）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 On a cold sunny day, I sat in my car and watched dolphins (海豚) swim in the sea. Suddenly, I saw some dolphins were beached (搁浅). It 1 very dangerous for them to be out of water. I knew they needed help. Without thinking too much, I 2 out of my car and ran to the beach. I first called the police but their hands were far away. It was a life-or-death moment for the dolphins. I didn’t know 3 , so I put a message on the Internet. I hoped someone could 4 it and come to save those lovely animals. Minutes later, three teenage 5 from a nearby school came first. Then more and more people arrived. We decided to save the smaller dolphins first and succeeded in moving 6 back to the deeper water. To my surprise, after the smaller dolphins 7 , none of them left. They stayed in the water and made strange sounds to encourage the other dolphins. After we finished the rescue (救援) work, all the dolphins raised their heads 8 water and swam around to show their thanks to us. It touched me a lot and made my heart warm. The dolphins had 9 great sense of helping each other when there was trouble. Our volunteer group also tried our best to save the dolphins and communicated again and again 10 everyone was safe. 1．A．was B．am C．were D．are 2．A．jump B．jumped C．will jump D．have jumped 3．A．how could I help them B．how I could help them C．who could I help them D．who I could help them 4．A．see B．saw C．seeing D．sees 5．A．boy’s B．boy C．boys’ D．boys 6．A．themselves B．their C．they D．them 7．A．were saved B．are saved C．saved D．save 8．A．with B．from C．for D．of 9．A．the B．an C．a D．/ 10．A．to put on B．put on C．to make sure D．make sure B （2025·陕西渭南·一模）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 When I was in middle school, I hardly ever raised my hands to answer questions in class. And I found 1 my classmates were just like me. When the teacher asked a question, I always hid behind the textbook because I 2 afraid that the teacher would see me. One day, Mr Black gave us a lesson. He wanted us to be active in class, so he asked us some questions, but no one 3 . “At the beginning of the class, let me tell you a story,” he said. “When I went to the United States to study, the university often invited famous people 4 speeches. Before the beginning of every speech, I found an interesting thing. The students around me always took a piece of paper folded in half. Their names 5 in bold (黑体字) with the most eye-catching (引人注目的) color, and then placed the paper 6 the seat. So when the speaker needed answers from the students, he could see and call their names directly.” “My classmates told me 7 all top people, and they meant chances. When your answer was excellent, it meant they might give you 8 chances than before. In fact, I really saw a few students get great chances because of that.” After listening to 9 story, I understood that the chance will not find you itself. You must show 10 all the time so that you can find a chance and then catch it. 1．A．a lot B．a lots of C．lots of D．lot of 2．A．was B．were C．am D．are 3．A．will answer B．answered C．answers D．is answering 4．A．avoid B．to avoid C．make D．to make 5．A．write B．wrote C．were written D．are written 6．A．on B．of C．for D．against 7．A．that the speakers were B．that were the speakers C．what the speakers were D．what were the speakers 8．A．little B．less C．much D．more 9．A．/ B．a C．an D．the 10．A．you B．yourself C．your D．yours 五．语法填空 A （2023·江苏苏州·二模）短文填词，请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 I was often told by my mother and grandmother that worrying is a big waste of time. Always hope for the best, they said, but make sure you’re 1 (prepare) for the worst. I started worrying when I was four, the day my brother Joe was born prematurely(早产) and hairless. He spent weeks in an incubator(恒温箱), after which we were told he had cerebral palsy(脑瘫), 2 (may) never walk and was totally blind. For Joe, things often seemed to go from bad to 3 (bad). Going to school meant leaving home as a little boy to live in a dorm. Finding a job and a sense of independence was really 4 (possible) for him. He lives alone now in public housing. But for everything that has been hard for him, Joe has said thanks. He has taught 5 (I) by example that being thankful builds hope. If we remember all the ways we’ve been blessed(祝福), it’s easier to believe we’ll be blessed again. My sister called me 6 the phone this morning and told me Joe was in hospital. He had infections(感染) in both legs. He’ll probably be there for a few days. I called him right away. Joe said, “Don’t worry about me. I’m just thankful for all these people at the hospital 7 (take) such good care of me.” We need to see 8 (clear) like brother—not with our eyes, 9 with our hearts. Being thankful is a light that shines in the soul, turning worry into hope, weakness into 10 (strong), fear into joy, and worries into warriors(战士) . B （2023·江苏苏州·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At each stage of our life, we meet different kinds of people. Some are funny; some teach us lessons in life while others occupy a special space in our heart. The people 1 （call）“best friends” are just these special friends. In our childhood, “best friends” might have meant the persons who are always by our side, 2 it may be in the classroom or in the dining hall. However, as we are getting 3 （old）than before, our definition（定义）of “best friends” changes. In my opinion, best friends are those who love you 4 who you are and help you become who you should be. People in our life come and go, but some people stay. They are the people we should never lose. True fiends are those who will never abandon you when you need them most. They are always there 5 （wait）for you and they love you when you forget to love 6 （you）. The best feeling in the whole world is knowing that there is 7 person who always prays for us and always keeps us in their thoughts. Friendship may not 8 （necessary） be based on age, but it is based on 9 （understand）. Even our parents can be our best friends! So let us build our friendship and try our best 10 （see）the good side of everyone! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题13构词法考点归纳 考点导览 考点讲练 考点1派生法 派生法中添加的词缀可以表示不同的意义或词性。（彩色字部分为教材Study skills板块中介绍的以及初中阅读中常见的单词词缀） 一、常用前缀 1.否定前缀 词缀 含义 例词 ab-；abs- 相反；变坏；离去 abuse滥用；虐待abnormal反常的 un- 不；未；非；反 unable不能的unknown未知的unusual不寻常的 dis- 不；非；相反 disadvantage不利因素disagree不同意 in-（变体im-;ir-;il-） 不；非；无 incorrect不正确的inactive不活跃的 impatient不耐烦的impolite不礼貌的 irregular不规则的illegal不合法的 mis- 坏（或错）的；糟糕（或错误）地 mistake错误misunderstand误解 2.常用前缀 （1）表示时间、序列、位置的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 re- 又；再；重新 rebuild重建 fore- 先于；预先 forecast预报 pre- 在……前 prewar战前的 sub- 在……下面 subway地铁 ex- 前任 ex-president前总统 post- 后；以后 postgraduate研究生postwar战后的 under- 在下面;在……之下;不足 undersea海底的underline在……下画线 （2）表示比较程度差别、数量关系的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 micro- 微小的 microwave微波 multi- 多个；许多 multimedia多媒体的 vice- 副 vice-president副总统 sub- 亚于；分支 subtitle副标题 semi- 半 semi-final半决赛 tri- 三 triangle三角形 （3）引起词性变化的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 a- 处于……状态 asleep睡着的 en- 使…… enlarge扩大 （4）表示其他含义的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 tele- 远的 telephone电话television电视 auto- 自动的;自己的 automatic自动的autobiography自传 eco- 生态的 ecosystem生态系统 inter- 在……之间;相互的 international国际的Internet网络 interview采访;会见interact相互作用 trans- 穿越;从……到 transatlantic横渡大西洋的translate翻译 transplant移植 二、常用后缀 1.构成名词的后缀 词缀 含义 例词 -al 表示过程或状态 survival幸存 arrival到达 -an；-ian；-ean ……地方的人；……时期的人 Asian亚洲人Brazilian巴西人Roman古罗马人 专长于……的人； ……地方的人 European欧洲人mathematician数学家 magician魔术师 -ance;-ence 表示行动或状况 appearance出现；外貌importance重要性 confidence信心 -ant;-ent ……人； ……事物 accountant会计applicant申请人president总统 resident居民；住户 -arian 相信……的人；实行……的人 librarian图书管理员vegetarian素食者 -ary 与……有关的人/物 boundary边界；界限secretary秘书 -cy 具有……的状态（或性质） accuracy准确性diplomacy外交 -dom 表示状况或状态 wisdom智慧freedom自由 表示职位、地位、领域 kingdom王国 -eer 与……有关的人 engineer工程师；技师pioneer先锋；开拓者 volunteer志愿者 -er；-or ……的人或物 astronomer天文学家reporter记者creator创造者 inventor发明者；发明家 -ese ……国（或城市）的人；……国（或城市）的语言 Chinese中国人；汉语Portuguese葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 Japanese日本人；日语 -ess 女…… hostess女主人actress女演员waitress女服务员 -hood ……的状态（或性质）；（某类人的）集体 childhood儿童时期livelihood生计 neighborhood街区；居住区 -ibility 可……性； 易……性 possibility可能性flexibility灵活性 responsibility责任 -ics ……的科学（或艺术、活动） mathematics数学physics物理学athletics田径运动 -ing 行动或过程的产物或结果 feeling感觉；感受building建筑物 training培训；训练 -ion；-sion；-tion；-ation） ……行为；……状态 fashion时髦discussion讨论competition竞争 information信息 -ist ……的信仰者；从事……的人；……使用者 socialist社会主义者scientist科学家 dentist牙科医生violinist小提琴手 -ity；-ty ……性质； ……状态 personality个性safety安全 -logy；-ology 学科；科目 biology生物学technology技术psychology心理学 -ment ……的行为（或结果） achievement成就；成绩development发展 advertisement广告agreement协定；协议 -ness ……的性质（或状态、特点） blindness失明kindness善良darkness黑暗 -ship 表示状态、性质、地位、职位、集体 friendship友谊championship锦标赛 scholarship奖学金membership（统称）会员 -th 表示动作或过程 growth生长width宽度；广度truth真相 -ure ……的行动（或过程、结果等） pleasure高兴；满意closure关闭failure失败 -y ……的动作（或过程） discovery发现；发觉jealousy忌妒inquiry询问 2.构成动词的后缀 词缀 含义 例词 -en 使；使成为；变得 worsen使变得更糟weaken削弱broaden加宽 -ify 使得；变成 simplify使简化classify分类beautify美化 -ize -ise（为英式英语拼写） 成为；使；使像；以……方式说（或想、行动、对待等） civilize教化；开化realize意识到；实现 criticize批评memorize记住 3.构成形容词的后缀 词缀 意义 例词 -able -ible 能……的； 应……的； 具有……性质的 acceptable可接受的comfortable舒适的 flexible灵活的；能适应新情况的 -al -ial 与……有关的 verbal言语的natural自然的facial面部的 artificial人工的；人造的 -an -ian -ean 来自；有……特征的 suburban郊区的African非洲的Canadian加拿大的 European欧洲的 -ate 充满……的；有……性质的 passionate充满热情的fortunate幸运的 considerate考虑周到的 -ed 有……特征的 talented天才的cultured有教养的 -en 由……制成（或构成）的 golden金的woolen羊毛的wooden木制的 -ern 表示方向 eastern东方的southern南方的western西方的 northern北方的 -ful 充满……的；有……性质（或倾向）的 cheerful兴高采烈的peaceful和平的sorrowful悲伤的 -ic； -ical 与……有关的；动作（或行为）……的 economic经济的specific独特的historical（有关）历史的classical古典的 -ing 使人……的 amazing令人吃惊的challenging挑战性的 encouraging令人鼓舞的 -ish ……国家的；有……性质的 Turkish土耳其的childish孩子气的selfish自私的 -ive ……倾向的；……性质的 active活跃的；积极的creative创造性的 imaginative富于想象力的 -less 没有；无；不做；不受影响 useless无用的homeless无家可归的 tireless不知疲倦的selfless无私的 -ous； -ious 有……性质的 nervous焦虑的courageous英勇的dangerous危险的 curious好奇的 -some 引起（或易于）……的 fearsome可怕的tiresome令人厌烦的 troublesome令人烦恼的 -y 充满……的；有……特性（倾向）的 sleepy困倦的hairy多毛的messy凌乱的 cloudy多云的 -ly 具有……性质；每隔……时间 friendly友好的lively生气勃勃的weekly每周的 4.构成副词的后缀 词缀 意义 例词 -ly 以……方式 hurriedly匆忙地widely广泛地happily幸福地 归纳总结 形容词变副词的变化规则 类别 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-ly quick—quickly correct—correctly free—freely 辅音字母+y结尾 把y变i,再加-ly easy—easily happy—happily le结尾 去e,加y possible—possibly probable—probably ll结尾 直接加y full—fully 特殊情况 去e,加-ly true—truly 注意（1）有些形容词加上ly后构成的副词意义与形容词有较大区别。 close近的；亲密的→closely密切地 late晚的→lately最近；近来 （2）大部分形容词加-ly构成副词，但有些有-ly后缀的不是副词而是形容词。 lonely独自的 friendly友好的 lively生动的 lovely可爱的 ugly丑陋的 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏泰州·三模）Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A．blackboard B．headache C．creative D．snowball 【答案】C 【详解】句意：以下哪一项不是复合词？ 考查复合词辨析。blackboard黑板，由black+board组成；headache头痛，由head+ache组成；creative有创造力的，为形容词，非组合词；snowball雪球，由snow+ball组成。根据“Which of the following is NOT a compound word?”可知，非复合词指不是由两个或多个独立单词组合而成的词。故选C。 2．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）Which of the following words is formed in the same way as disabled? A．daily B．unfriendly C．pancake D．dishonest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪个词的构成方式与disabled相同？ 考查构词法。daily每天的，由名词day和形容词后缀-ly构成；unfriendly不友好的，由否定前缀un-和名词friend以及形容词后缀-ly构成；pancake薄煎饼，由两个名词pan和cake构成；dishonest不诚实的，由否定前缀dis-和形容词honest构成。“disabled”由否定前缀dis-和形容词able以及后缀-ed构成。选项D与其构成方式相同。故选D。 3．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Which of suffix of sub-in the following words has the different meaning as that in the word of “substitute”? A．rescue B．submit C．subway D．submission 【答案】A 【详解】句意：以下单词中的sub前缀中，哪一个与“substitute”一词的含义不同？ 考查单词前缀。substitute代替、取代，前缀“sub-”表示“在……之下”或“低于……”；rescue救援，前缀“re-”表示“再次”或“回”；submit提交，前缀“sub-”表示“在……之下”或“处于从属地位”；subway地铁，“sub-”表示“在……下面”；submission提交，前缀“sub-”表示“在……之下”。故选A。 4．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）We can add the prefix (前缀) “un” to all the following words to form a new word EXCEPT ________. A．important B．agree C．interesting D．comfortable 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们可以在下面所有的单词后面加上前缀“un”组成一个新词，除了agree。unimportant“不重要的”，disagree“不同意”，uninteresting“无趣的”，uncomfortable“不舒适的”，agree不能加前缀un。故选B。 5．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）“________” has the same word-building like “Handwriting”. A．Humans B．Treasure C．Priceless D．Wildlife 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“野生动物”和“笔迹”有着相同的构词结构。 考查合成词及派生词辨析。Humans人类，为名词单数human“人类”的复数形式，为派生词；Treasure财富，派生词，其词根为treas；Priceless无价的，为price“价格”的派生词；Wildlife野生动物，为“wild”和“life”的合成词。题干中的Handwriting“笔迹，手稿”为“hand”与“writing”的合成词，与选项D“wildlife”的构词法一致。故选D。 6．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）“……Should youthful heads in vain turn grey. we would regret for aye.” —The River All Red by Xu Yuanchong. Which word is formed in the same way as “youthful”? A．disagree B．dangerous C．bookstore D．incorrect 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“……白了少年头。空悲切。”——许渊冲《满江红》。哪个单词和“youth”的构成方式相同？ 考查构词法。disagree不同意，派生词，在agree前加dis构成否定形式；dangerous危险的，派生词，在名词danger后加词缀ous构成形容词；bookstore书店，合成词，由book和store合成；incorrect不正确的，派生词，在形容词correct前加前缀in构成否定形式。youthful是派生词，在名词youth后加词缀ful构成形容词，与dangerous一致，故选B。 7．（2025·江苏镇江·一模）Among the following words, which one forms the opposite meaning by adding a different prefix? A．patient B．pleasant C．polite D．possible 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在以下单词中，哪一个能通过添加不同的前缀来形成相反的含义？ 考查构词法。patient有礼貌的，反义词为impatient；pleasant令人愉快的，反义词为unpleasant；polite有礼貌的，反义词为impolite；possible可能的，反义词为impossible。因此选项B添加的前缀与其余三项不一样。故选B。 8．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）The word “________” is formed the same way as “impatient”. A．incorrect B．patiently C．humorous D．pancake 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“incorrect”一词的构成与“impatient”相同。 考查构词方式。incorrect不正确的，in为前缀，表否定；patiently耐心地，为副词，是由形容词patient词尾加ly构成；humorous幽默的，由名词humor加ous构成；pancake煎饼，由pan+cake构成。impatient中im是前缀，表否定，与incorrect构成方式相同。故选A。 9．（2024·江苏南京·二模）Which of the following suffixes is used to form a noun? A．-tion B．-less C．-ful D．-ly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：下列哪个后缀用来构成名词？ 考查后缀。-tion用来构成名词的后缀；-less用来构成形容词的后缀；-ful用来构成形容词的后缀；-ly用来构成形容词或者副词的后缀。本题问的是名词的后缀。故选A。 10．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Spring is a colourful season full of beautiful and lively scenes. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “colourful”? A．beauty B．friendly C．impossible D．doorbell 【答案】B 【详解】句意：春天是一个多姿多彩的季节，充满了美丽和生机勃勃的景色。以下哪一个单词的构成方式与“彩色”一词相同？ 考查构词法。beauty美丽，是名词；friendly友好的，是由名词friend加-ly构成的，是派生词；impossible不可能的，是由否定前缀im和possible构成的，是派生词；doorbell门铃，是由名词door和名词bell构成，是合成词。根据colourful是由名词colour加-ful构成的派生词，因此friendly与colourful构成方式相同。故选B。 考点2合成法 类别 例词 复合名词 greenhouse温室 horse-riding骑马 sightseeing观光 sunbathing日光浴 cookbook烹饪书 breakdown故障 income收入 make-up化妆品 feedback反馈的意见 mother-in-law婆婆；岳母 复合形容词 full-time全日的；全职的，hard-hearted无情的，open-minded思想开放的 quick-witted机敏的，three-year-old有三年之久的；三岁的，ten-minute十分钟的 tax-free免税的，airtight密闭的，well-behaved行为端正的，worn-out破烂不堪的 home-made自制的；家里做的，self-confident自信的 复合代词 something某事；某物 anyone任何人 nobody没有人 everything每件事 whatever任何事物；一切事物 复合副词 somewhere在某处；到某处 anywhere在任何地方 nowadays现在 otherwise否则 sometimes有时；间或 moreover此外；而且 downstairs在楼下 复合动词 overcome克服 sleepwalk梦游 understand理解 sunbathe沐日光浴 daydream幻想；空想 注意在“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成的复合形容词中，中间的名词不能用复数形式,必须用单数形式。 She is an 11-year-old girl.她是一个11岁的女孩。（11-year-old不能说成11-years-old） a six-foot-deep hole一个六英尺深的洞 a 100-meter race一场百米赛跑 随堂训练 1．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）The word “________” is formed the same way as “spacecraft”. A．pollution B．uncertain C．interplanetary D．necklace 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“necklace”一词与“spacecraft”一词的构成方式相同。 考查构词法。pollution是由动词“pollute”（污染）加上后缀“-ion”派生而成，表示“污染状态”，属于派生词；uncertain是由形容词“certain”（确定的）加上前缀“un-”（表示否定）派生而成，意思是“不确定的”，属于派生词；interplanetary是由前缀“inter-”（表示“之间”）和词根“planetary”（行星的）组合而成，但“planetary”本身是派生词（来自“planet”），因此整体属于派生词；necklace是由两个独立单词“neck”（脖子）和“lace”（带子）组合而成的复合词。spacecraft是由两个独立单词“space”（太空）和“craft”（船）组合而成的复合词，意思是“航天器”，与necklace构词法相同。故选D。 2．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）Which of the following words is formed like “classroom”? A．visitor B．impatient C．meaningful D．raincoat 【答案】D 【详解】句意：以下哪个单词的形式像“classroom”？ 考查复合名词。visitor游客；impatient不耐烦的；meaningful有意义的；raincoat雨衣。classroom“教室”，为名词“class”和名词“room”构成的复合名词，raincoat为名词“rain”和名词“coat”构成的复合名词，D项符合。故选D。 3．（24-25九年级下·上海·月考）Of all their works, this is probably the ________ song. A．good-known B．well-known C．better-known D．best-known 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在他们所有的作品中，这首歌可能是最著名的。 考查复合形容词辨析。good-known搭配错误；well-known众所周知的；better-known更出名的，比较出名；best-known最出名的。根据“Of all their works”及语境可知，此处指在所有作品中，这是“最著名的”，应用表示最高级的复合形容词作定语修饰song。故选D。 4．（2023·江苏南京·一模）Which word is formed in the same way as “weekend”? A．unable B．invention C．helpless D．noticeboard 【答案】D 【详解】句意：哪一个单词的构成方式与“weekend”的构成方式相同？ 考查构词法。unable不能，由able加否定前缀构成；invention发明，由invent加名词后缀构成；helpless无助的，由help加形容词后缀构成；noticeboard通知栏，由notice“通知”和board“板”构成。题中的weekend“周末”是由week“周”和end“结束”构成。由此可知weekend和noticeboard构词法相同，为合成词，其他均为派生词。故选D。 5．（2022·江苏盐城·二模）Which of the following words is formed like “unimportant”? A．incorrect B．afternoon C．scientist D．hopeful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：下面哪个单词的构成形式类似于“unimportant”？ 考查构词法。incorrect不正确的，correct前加否定前缀in-；afternoon下午，是after和noon合成；scientist科学家，把science中的ce变成t，再加ist；hopeful充满希望的，hope后面加后缀-ful。单词“unimportant”是important前加否定前缀im-而来，与A选项的构成方法相同。故选A。 考点3转化法 转化方法 例词/句 动词→名词 guess v.猜出→n.猜测 Can you guess how many people there were?（v.） There might be about 20 people there,but that's just a rough guess.（n.） 名词→动词 paper n.纸→v.给……贴墙纸 She wrapped the present in pretty paper and put a bow on the top.（n.） He is papering the bedroom.（v.） 形容词→动词 empty adj.空的→v.把……腾出 I hate coming home to an empty house.（adj.） 形容词→动词 She emptied her purse onto the table.（v.） 形容词→名词 green adj.绿色的→n.绿色 Cairo has only thirteen square centimetres of green space for each inhabitant.（adj.） The painting featured a beautiful mixture of blues and greens.（n.） 综合训练 1．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）In Zhuhai Park, you can enjoy the natural beauty, or (simple) breathe the fresh air. 【答案】simply 【详解】句意：在珠海公园，你可以享受自然美景，或者只是呼吸新鲜空气。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词simple的副词形式simply“仅仅，只是”作状语，修饰动词breathe。故填simply。 2．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Don’t eat too much at a time, or you’ll feel (comfortable). 【答案】uncomfortable 【详解】句意：一次不要吃太多，否则你会觉得不舒服。根据“Don’t eat too much at a time,”可知，如果一次吃太多，你会觉得不舒服，空处用形容词uncomfortable“不舒服的”，作表语。故填uncomfortable。 3．（2024·江苏泰州·一模）The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “ ”. (possible) 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。根据“The man who has made up his mind to win will never say…”可知，此处是指下定决心要获取胜利的人是不会轻易说“不可能的”，即使面对困难和挑战，也会努力寻找解决方案，而不是轻易放弃；应将形容词possible“可能的”变为impossible“不可能的”，形容词。故填impossible。 4．（2024·江苏泰州·一模）Before Giant Panda Fu Bao returned to China, thousands of (tour) came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao. 【答案】tourists 【详解】句意：在大熊猫福宝回到中国之前，成千上万的游客来到爱宝乐园与福宝告别。tour“旅游”，名词；根据“thousands of...came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao.”可知，应是游客来跟福宝告别，应用tourist“游客”；“thousands of”后接复数名词。故填tourists。 5．（2023·江苏无锡·二模）The boy (careless) put the cup on the table and it fell down. 【答案】carelessly 【详解】句意：男孩粗心把杯子放在桌子上，杯子掉了下来。根据空后“put（放）”是动词，可知此空填副词，careless的副词形式是在其后加ly，意为“粗心大意地，马虎地”。故填carelessly。 6．（2023·江苏南京·二模）— Our neighbour next door is putting something on the wall. — It’s (possible) to sleep with all that noise. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：——我们隔壁的邻居正在往墙上放东西。——在这么吵的环境中睡觉是不可能的。根据句意和常识，可知在吵闹的环境中是睡不着的，所以“possible”要使用其反义词，故填impossible。 7．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）With the money, we have sent many poor children to school. (success) 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意：用这笔钱，我们已经成功地送了许多贫困儿童上学。考查副词修饰动词。此处应用副词修饰动词sent，success的副词形式在词尾加fully。故填successfully。 8．（2023·江苏南京·一模）Li Jun was (lucky) because his car broke down yesterday. 【答案】unlucky 【详解】句意：李军很不幸因为他的车昨天坏了。lucky“幸运的”，形容词；由“his car broke down yesterday”可知，应该是不幸的，lucky的反义词是unlucky“不幸的”。故填unlucky。 9．（21-22八年级上·江苏盐城·期中）No one was willing to help the old man and he felt (help). 【答案】helpless 【详解】句意：没有人愿意帮助老人，他感到很无助。根据语境和所给单词推测，他应该是感到无助。感官动词feel后加形容词；help+less可表示“无助的”。故填helpless。 10．（2022·江苏无锡·三模）It’s hard for kangaroos to walk backwards because of the (usual) shape of their legs. 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意：由于袋鼠不寻常的腿部形状，它们很难向后走。根据句意，袋鼠之所以很难向后走，是由于腿部形状不同寻常。空白处应填入形容词，修饰名词shape。括号内所给词usual意为“寻常的”，需要添加否定前缀un，变为unusual，意为“不寻常的”。故填unusual。 二．．从方框中选择恰当的词，并用其正确形式填空（每个词只能用一次） discuss certain active snow （1）[2024南通]—What's your volunteer project? —After several__________,our group has reached agreement to interview WWF officer. （2）[2024南通]—Dad,the weather report says it will be a____day tomorrow. —Good news.You can make a snowman with Tony. （3）[2024南通]—Why are you worrying about eating with French students? —I'm________about French table manners. （4）Owen is________and he never exercises.I think he should change his lifestyle. 【答案】（1）discussions（2）snowy（3）uncertain（4）inactive 三．构词法语法填空 Once upon a time,in a busy town called Sunville,there was a brave little boy named Tim.Tim loved exploring the（1）________（color）streets to make new friends and experiencing the（2）______（nature）world for himself.But there was one place he'd never been to—the big castle on the（3）____________（east）edge of the town.People said it was scary,which made him more curious. One sunny day,Tim made the（4）________（decide）to visit the castle and set out（5）________（cheer）with his dog,Billy.As they walked（6）______（close）,a（7）______（feel）of fear came to Tim.But he kept going.The deserted（废弃的）castle was huge,with tall,pointed（尖的）towers and dirty flags waving in the wind.Tim thought it looked like the exact place he wanted to explore all the time! Inside,it was dark and spooky（阴森恐怖的）.Tim held Billy tight as they walked through the long halls.（8）________（sudden）,they heard a noise!Tim felt（9）______（scare）,but he remembered what his grandma told him—to be brave. Taking a deep breath,Tim followed his heart and kept going.They faced many challenges,like dark rooms and strange shadows.But Tim didn't give up. （10）______（final）,they found a hidden room with a（11）______（lock）treasure chest（宝箱）!A sense of（12）__________（achieve）and pride filled him... 【答案】（1）colorful（2）natural（3）eastern/east（4）decision（5）cheerfully（6）closer（7）feeling（8）Suddenly（9）scared（10）Finally（11）locked（12）achievement 四．语法选择 A （2026·陕西宝鸡·一模）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 On a cold sunny day, I sat in my car and watched dolphins (海豚) swim in the sea. Suddenly, I saw some dolphins were beached (搁浅). It 1 very dangerous for them to be out of water. I knew they needed help. Without thinking too much, I 2 out of my car and ran to the beach. I first called the police but their hands were far away. It was a life-or-death moment for the dolphins. I didn’t know 3 , so I put a message on the Internet. I hoped someone could 4 it and come to save those lovely animals. Minutes later, three teenage 5 from a nearby school came first. Then more and more people arrived. We decided to save the smaller dolphins first and succeeded in moving 6 back to the deeper water. To my surprise, after the smaller dolphins 7 , none of them left. They stayed in the water and made strange sounds to encourage the other dolphins. After we finished the rescue (救援) work, all the dolphins raised their heads 8 water and swam around to show their thanks to us. It touched me a lot and made my heart warm. The dolphins had 9 great sense of helping each other when there was trouble. Our volunteer group also tried our best to save the dolphins and communicated again and again 10 everyone was safe. 1．A．was B．am C．were D．are 2．A．jump B．jumped C．will jump D．have jumped 3．A．how could I help them B．how I could help them C．who could I help them D．who I could help them 4．A．see B．saw C．seeing D．sees 5．A．boy’s B．boy C．boys’ D．boys 6．A．themselves B．their C．they D．them 7．A．were saved B．are saved C．saved D．save 8．A．with B．from C．for D．of 9．A．the B．an C．a D．/ 10．A．to put on B．put on C．to make sure D．make sure 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，描述了作者在一个寒冷晴朗的日子里，目睹海豚搁浅并积极参与救援的过程，展现了人与动物之间的互助与温情。 1．句意：对它们来说，离开水是非常危险的。 was是，be动词的过去式单数形式；am是，be动词的现在式第一人称单数形式；were是，be动词的过去式复数形式；are是，be动词的现在式复数形式。根据前文“On a cold sunny day”以及“I saw”可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，主语“It”是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故选A。 2．句意：没有多想，我从车里跳出来，跑向海滩。 jump跳，动词原形；jumped跳，动词过去式；will jump跳，一般将来时；have jumped跳，现在完成时。根据前文“Without thinking too much”以及后文“and ran to the beach”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选B。 3．句意：我不知道如何帮助它们，所以我在网上发了一条信息。 how could I help them我如何能帮助它们，疑问句语序；how I could help them我如何能帮助它们，陈述句语序；who could I help them我能帮助谁，疑问句语序且语义不通；who I could help them我能帮助谁，陈述句语序但语义不通。根据“I didn’t know…”可知，此处是宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，且根据语境可知，作者不知道如何帮助搁浅的海豚。故选B。 4．句意：我希望有人能看到它，来拯救这些可爱的动物。 see看见，动词原形；saw看见，动词过去式；seeing看见，动名词或现在分词；sees看见，动词第三人称单数形式。根据“could”是情态动词，后接动词原形。故选A。 5．句意：几分钟后，三个来自附近学校的十几岁的男孩先来了。 boy’s男孩的，名词所有格单数形式；boy男孩，名词单数形式；boys’男孩们的，名词所有格复数形式；boys男孩们，名词复数形式。根据“three teenage…”可知，此处应用名词复数形式表示“三个十几岁的男孩”。故选D。 6．句意：我们决定先救较小的海豚，并成功地把它们移回更深的水域。 themselves它们自己，反身代词；their它们的，形容词性物主代词；they它们，主格代词；them它们，宾格代词。根据“moving…back to the deeper water”可知，此处是“move+宾语+介词短语”结构，应用宾格代词作宾语。故选D。 7．句意：令我惊讶的是，在较小的海豚被救后，它们没有一只离开。 were saved被救，一般过去时的被动语态；are saved被救，一般现在时的被动语态；saved救，动词过去式或过去分词；save救，动词原形。根据“after the smaller dolphins…”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，且主语“the smaller dolphins”与动词“save”之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 8．句意：当我们完成救援工作后，所有的海豚都从水里抬起头来，游来游去向我们表示感谢。 with和……一起；from从……；for为了……；of……的。根据“raised their heads…water”可知，此处是“从水里抬起头来”，应用介词from表示“从……”。故选B。 9．句意：海豚在遇到麻烦时有很强的互相帮助的意识。 the定冠词，表示特指；an不定冠词，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；a不定冠词，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；/零冠词。根据“had…great sense of helping each other”可知，此处是“have a great sense of…”结构，表示“有很强的……意识”，great以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故选C。 10．句意：我们的志愿者小组也尽力拯救海豚，并反复沟通以确保每个人都安全。 to put on穿上，动词不定式；put on穿上，动词原形；to make sure确保，动词不定式；make sure确保，动词原形。根据“communicated again and again…everyone was safe”可知，此处是“反复沟通以确保每个人都安全”，应用动词不定式作目的状语，且“make sure”符合语境。故选C。 B （2025·陕西渭南·一模）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 When I was in middle school, I hardly ever raised my hands to answer questions in class. And I found 1 my classmates were just like me. When the teacher asked a question, I always hid behind the textbook because I 2 afraid that the teacher would see me. One day, Mr Black gave us a lesson. He wanted us to be active in class, so he asked us some questions, but no one 3 . “At the beginning of the class, let me tell you a story,” he said. “When I went to the United States to study, the university often invited famous people 4 speeches. Before the beginning of every speech, I found an interesting thing. The students around me always took a piece of paper folded in half. Their names 5 in bold (黑体字) with the most eye-catching (引人注目的) color, and then placed the paper 6 the seat. So when the speaker needed answers from the students, he could see and call their names directly.” “My classmates told me 7 all top people, and they meant chances. When your answer was excellent, it meant they might give you 8 chances than before. In fact, I really saw a few students get great chances because of that.” After listening to 9 story, I understood that the chance will not find you itself. You must show 10 all the time so that you can find a chance and then catch it. 1．A．a lot B．a lots of C．lots of D．lot of 2．A．was B．were C．am D．are 3．A．will answer B．answered C．answers D．is answering 4．A．avoid B．to avoid C．make D．to make 5．A．write B．wrote C．were written D．are written 6．A．on B．of C．for D．against 7．A．that the speakers were B．that were the speakers C．what the speakers were D．what were the speakers 8．A．little B．less C．much D．more 9．A．/ B．a C．an D．the 10．A．you B．yourself C．your D．yours 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了“我”中学时在课堂上不敢发言，后来通过Mr Black分享的“美国大学学生主动展示自己以获得机会”的故事，明白“要主动展现自己才能抓住机会”的经历。 1．句意：我发现我的同学们大多和我一样。 a lot常作副词短语，表 “很、非常”；a lots of表述错误，无此用法；lots of后接名词，表 “许多”；lot of表述错误，无此用法。根据“my classmates”可知，此处需修饰名词“classmates”。表示“许多同学”。故选C。 2．句意：我总是躲在课本后面，因为我害怕老师会看到我。 was am/is 的过去式，主语为单数；were are的过去式，主语为复数；am 现在时，主语为I；are 现在时，主语为复数。根据“When the teacher asked a question”可知，用一般过去时；主语是“I”，对应的be动词过去式是“was”。故选A。 3．句意：他想让我们在课堂上活跃起来，所以他问了我们一些问题，但没人回答。 will answer一般将来时；answered一般过去时；answers一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数；is answering现在进行时。根据“gave a lesson”和“asked questions”可知，此处 “没人回答” 也用一般过去时，“answered”符合时态。故选B。 4．句意：当我去美国留学时，大学经常邀请名人来做演讲。 avoid避免，动词原形；to avoid避免，不定式；make做，动词原形；to make做，不定式。根据“speeches”可知，邀请名人来做演讲，做演讲用make speeches。“invite sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，表“邀请某人做某事”，故用“to make”。故选D。 5．句意：他们的名字以黑体字显示，并使用最引人注目的颜色。 write写，动词原形；wrote写，过去式；were written被写，一般过去时的被动语态；are written被写，一般现在时的被动语态。根据“ Their names”可知，“名字”是“被写”的，需用被动语态；文章是过去时态，故用 “were written”。故选C。 6．句意：然后把纸放在座位上。 on在……上面；of……的；for为了；against靠着。根据“paper”和“the seat”的位置关系可知，纸是放在“座位上面”。故选A。 7．句意：我的同学告诉我，所有顶尖人物都拥有机会，他们指的是机会。 that the speakers were宾语从句，陈述语序；that were the speakers宾语从句，疑问语序，错误；what the speakers were表语错误，“speakers” 是 “人”，不用 what；what were the speakers语序、表语均错误。根据“tell sb. that…”是宾语从句结构，可知，从句需用陈述语序；此处是“演讲者是顶尖人物”，用“that”引导、陈述语序。故选A。 8．句意：当你之前的回答非常出色时，这意味着他们可能会给你比以前更多的机会。 little少的，修饰不可数名词，原级；less更少，比较级；much多的，原级；more更多，比较级。根据“your answer was excellent”可知，应是“更多机会”；句中有“than”，需用比较级，“more” 符合。故选D。 9．句意：听完这个故事后，我明白了机会不会自己找上门来。 /零冠词；a不定冠词，表泛指；an不定冠词，表泛指，后接元音音素开头的词；the定冠词，表特指。根据“story”可知，此处“故事”是前文Mr Black讲过的特定故事，表特指，需用“the”。故选D。 10．句意：你必须时刻展现自己，这样才能抓住机会并抓住它。 you你，主/宾格；yourself你自己，反身代词；your你的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的，名词性物主代词。根据“show”可知，是“展示你自己（让别人看到）”，反身代词 “yourself” 符合语义。故选B。 五．语法填空 A （2023·江苏苏州·二模）短文填词，请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 I was often told by my mother and grandmother that worrying is a big waste of time. Always hope for the best, they said, but make sure you’re 1 (prepare) for the worst. I started worrying when I was four, the day my brother Joe was born prematurely(早产) and hairless. He spent weeks in an incubator(恒温箱), after which we were told he had cerebral palsy(脑瘫), 2 (may) never walk and was totally blind. For Joe, things often seemed to go from bad to 3 (bad). Going to school meant leaving home as a little boy to live in a dorm. Finding a job and a sense of independence was really 4 (possible) for him. He lives alone now in public housing. But for everything that has been hard for him, Joe has said thanks. He has taught 5 (I) by example that being thankful builds hope. If we remember all the ways we’ve been blessed(祝福), it’s easier to believe we’ll be blessed again. My sister called me 6 the phone this morning and told me Joe was in hospital. He had infections(感染) in both legs. He’ll probably be there for a few days. I called him right away. Joe said, “Don’t worry about me. I’m just thankful for all these people at the hospital 7 (take) such good care of me.” We need to see 8 (clear) like brother—not with our eyes, 9 with our hearts. Being thankful is a light that shines in the soul, turning worry into hope, weakness into 10 (strong), fear into joy, and worries into warriors(战士) . 【答案】1．prepared 2．might 3．worse 4．impossible 5．me 6．on 7．taking 8．clearly 9．but 10．strength 【导语】本文通过生病的弟弟的例子，说明不要担心，只需为最坏的做准备，要充满感恩之心。 1．句意：但一定要做好最坏的打算。短语be prepared for sth表示“为某事做准备”，此处应填形容词prepared。故填prepared。 2．句意：他在恒温箱呆了几个星期，之后我们被告知他患有脑瘫，可能不会走路，完全失明。根据“spent in incubator”可知是一般过去时，此处应用过去式might。故填might。 3．句意：对乔来说，事情似乎经常变得越来越糟。根据“from bad to...”可知从糟糕到……，因此是更糟糕，用比较级。故填worse。 4．句意：对他来说，找到一份工作和独立感真的是不可能的。从前文可知，乔的事情经常越来越糟糕，因此是不可能的，应用impossible表示“不可能的”。故填impossible。 5．句意：他以身作则教导我，感恩可以建立希望。动词后接人称代词宾格，应用me表示“我”。故填me。 6．句意：我姐姐今天早上打电话给我。短语on the phone表示“打电话”。故填on。 7．句意：我很感谢医院里的所有人对我的照顾。此处应用非谓语动词taking，表示人们做的事情。故填taking。 8．句意：我们需要像兄弟一样看得清楚——不是用眼睛。此处修饰动词see应用副词clearly修饰。故填clearly。 9．句意：我们需要像兄弟一样看得清楚——不是用眼睛，而是用我们的心。短语not...but...表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。 10．句意：感恩是照耀心灵的光，化忧虑为希望，化软弱为力量，化恐惧为喜悦，化忧虑为勇士。根据“turning worry into hope, weakness into...fear into joy, and worries into warriors”可知into前后的词语为名词，应用strength表示“力量”。故填strength。 B （2023·江苏苏州·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At each stage of our life, we meet different kinds of people. Some are funny; some teach us lessons in life while others occupy a special space in our heart. The people 1 （call）“best friends” are just these special friends. In our childhood, “best friends” might have meant the persons who are always by our side, 2 it may be in the classroom or in the dining hall. However, as we are getting 3 （old）than before, our definition（定义）of “best friends” changes. In my opinion, best friends are those who love you 4 who you are and help you become who you should be. People in our life come and go, but some people stay. They are the people we should never lose. True fiends are those who will never abandon you when you need them most. They are always there 5 （wait）for you and they love you when you forget to love 6 （you）. The best feeling in the whole world is knowing that there is 7 person who always prays for us and always keeps us in their thoughts. Friendship may not 8 （necessary） be based on age, but it is based on 9 （understand）. Even our parents can be our best friends! So let us build our friendship and try our best 10 （see）the good side of everyone! 【答案】1．called 2．whether 3．older 4．for 5．waiting 6．yourself 7．a 8．necessarily 9．understanding 10．to see 【导语】文章主要介绍了“最好的朋友”和“真正的朋友”。 1．句意：被称之为“最好的朋友”的人们就是这些特殊的朋友们。此句有谓语动词“are”，所以填非谓语动词；“people”与“call”之间是被动关系。故填called。 2．句意：在我们的童年时代，“最好的朋友”可能意味着永远在我们身边的人，可能是在教室里，也可能是在食堂里。whether...or...“无论……还是……”，固定搭配。故填whether。 3．句意：然而，随着我们变得比以前年长，我们对“最好的朋友”的定义发生了变化。根据“than”可知，前面用形容词的比较级，故填older。 4．句意：在我看来，最好的朋友是那些因为原本的你而爱你并帮助你成为你应该成为的人。for后接原因，符合句意。故填for。 5．句意：他们总是在那里等待你，当你忘记爱你自己时，他们爱你。根据“are always”可知，时态为现在进行时，填动词的现在分词形式。故填waiting。 6．句意：他们总是在那里等待你，当你忘记爱你自己时，他们爱你。根据“you forget to love”可知，这里空处指代主语本身，所以用反身代词。故填yourself。 7．句意：全世界最好的感觉是知道有人总是为我们祈祷，总是牵挂我们。可数名词“person”前要用冠词，这里是泛指，所以填a。故填a。 8．句意：友谊可能不必基于年龄，但它是基于理解。这里需要修饰“be based”，填副词形式necessarily。故填necessarily。 9．句意：友谊可能不必基于年龄，但它是基于理解。根据“it is based on”可知，介词后面接名词或动名词。故填understanding。 10．句意：因此，让我们建立友谊，并尽我们所能看到每个人好的一面！根据“try our best”可知，这里考查try one’s best to do sth.“尽最大努力做某事”，所以填to see。故填to see。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $