专题12 非谓语动词考点归纳-2026届中考英语总复习（牛津译林版）

该初中英语中考复习知识清单系统梳理了“非谓语动词”专题，涵盖动词不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词三大核心考点，构建了从“构成规则”到“句法功能”再到“知识拓展与真题训练”的递进式复习架构。 清单采用“表格化功能对比+口诀化记忆策略+真题化随堂训练”的立体设计，如动词不定式句法功能通过表格清晰呈现作主语、宾语等用法，动词-ing形式接宾语的词总结为“完成练习值得忙”等顺口溜，培养学生的语言能力和学习能力。特别标注“不带to的不定式”“ing与过去分词作定语区别”等重难点，配套2023-2025年江苏各地模考题，助力学生高效自主复习，为教师提供针对性教学支持。

专题12非谓语动词考点归纳 考点导览 考点讲练 考点1动词不定式 一、动词不定式的构成 基本形式为“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。这里的to是不定式符号,本身无意义。动词不定式的否定形式是“not（+to）+动词原形”。 二、动词不定式的句法功能 功能 用法及说明 例句 作主语 常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面 To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English. 作宾语 常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词：agree、ask、choose、decide、expect、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、promise、refuse、want、wish等 He decides to visit the family on Saturday evening. make、find、think、feel后跟动词不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在宾补后面 I find it necessary to read English every day. 动词不定式常和疑问词what、which、when、where、how一起用作宾语,相当于一个宾语从句 He didn't know where to go（=where he should go）. 作宾语补足语 常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词:tell、ask、want、allow、get、advise、expect、teach、remind、invite、encourage、force、require、warn等 Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. My mom advises me to do my homework first. 作状语 作目的状语,常用结构:in order to do,so as to do等 He goes swimming every day in order to keep fit. 作结果状语，常用结构:so/such...as to...（如此……以至于……）,too...to...（太……而不能……），...enough to...（足够……能……）,only to do（不料,竟然） I hurried to the hall only to find nobody there. 作原因状语，常用结构“be+形容词+不定式” I'm sorry to take your schoolbag mistakenly. 作定语 动词不定式作定语时要后置；something/anything/nothing+动词不定式 I have some clothes to wash. I want something to eat. 作表语 动词不定式作表语时,大多数情况可转换为作主语 My work is to clean the room every day.=To clean the room every day is my work. 作定语 如果动词是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间是动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词 注意动词不定式修饰time,place或way时，动词不定式后面习惯省略介词 Please give me some paper to write on. I have no place to live. 作主语补足语 带宾语补足语的句子变为被动时,宾语补足语变为主语补足语 He told her to sit down and wait.→She was told to sit down and wait by him. 归纳总结 动词不定式的常用句型 1.It is/was+adj.（+of/for sb.）+to do sth.（对某人来说）做某事是……的。 It is easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 2.It is/was one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。 It's my turn to tell a story. 3.It takes/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth.某人花……时间做某事。 It usually takes me five to ten minutes to get there by bus. 4.It's one's duty to do sth.做某事是某人的义务。 It's our duty to save energy. 5.It's time to do...是做……的时候了。 It is time to leave for Beijing. 知识拓展 不带to的动词不定式 1.在“使役动词/部分感官动词+宾语”之后作宾语补足语 五“看”:see、look at、watch、observe、notice 三个使役动词:make、let、have 两“听”:hear、listen to 一“感觉”:feel The boss made them work the whole night. 注意此类动词用作被动语态时,要用带to的动词不定式。 2.help后接动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语,动词不定式符号to可以省略 I have to help my mom（to）make dinner sometimes 3.一些固定结构及句型 Could/Would/Will you please（not）do sth.?请你（不）做某事好吗? prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某事也不愿做某事 would rather do sth.than do sth.宁愿做某事也不愿做某事 Why not do sth.?为什么不做某事呢? had better（not）do sth.最好（不）做某事 would rather do sth.宁愿做某事 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）My parents often tell me ______ late for school. A．don’t be B．not be C．not to be D．to not be 2．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）_______ online scams, police, banks and tech businesses need to work together more. A．Fight B．Fighting C．To fight D．Fought 3．（2025·江苏常州·二模）—You must make an effort ________ playing computer games. It’s bad for your eyes. —You are right. It might be hard for me, but it’s worth ________. A．to stop; trying B．to stop; to try C．stopping; to try D．stopping; trying 4．（2025·江苏南京·二模）When the number of visitors in Nanjing Museum becomes larger at weekends, the Volunteer Club is willing to do something ________ everything in order. A．to keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keeping 5．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）He spends most of time in his life ________ studying how to prevent air pollution. A．working on B．to work on C．working out D．to work out 二．填空 1．[2025徐州一模节选]She planned________（spend）the whole day digging it out. 2．Be sure______（give）your family my regards. 3．[2025宿迁二模节选]He used simple language________（express）the beauty of nature. 4．People are advised______（keep）a distance of 6 feet or more in public places. 5．[2023淮安]Our government has taken action______（make）life in the countryside better. 6．She let Tom______（listen）to the raindrops falling on the roof. 7．David asked his wife to give up her job to help________（cook）and clean for their children. 8．[2025南通一模节选]Many people go out________（enjoy）the local peonies.In Shandong,Henan and Sichuan,there are even festivals to appreciate their beauty. 9．Bridges must be so strong that they can support not only their own weight,but also the weight of the people and vehicles. 10.The bridges must be________________support the weight of the people,vehicles and themselves. 考点2动词-ing形式 一、动词-ing形式的构成 动词-ing形式一般是在动词原形后面加-ing构成,写作doing。它具有名词的性质,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语,同时又保留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。其否定形式由“not+动词-ing形式”构成,写作not doing。 二、动词-ing形式的句法功能 用法 说明 例句 作主语 动词-ing形式在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数 Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes. 作宾语 动词enjoy,avoid等后面接动词-ing形式作宾语 We should avoid making a noise in the library. 动词-ing形式可在介词后面作宾语 Thank you for warning us not to swim here. 作定语 动词-ing形式作定语时，常放在名词的前面 They found another hiding place. 动词-ing形式的短语作定语时，一般放在名词之后 The girl sitting next to me was my friend. 作表语 多数情况下,动词-ing形式作表语可转换成作主语 His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby. 作状语 动词-ing形式作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、结果 Being a student,he likes to help others. 知识拓展 1.常见的接动词-ing形式作宾语的词 完成练习值得忙（finish、practice、be worth、be busy）； 继续习惯别放弃（keep on、be used to、give up）； 考虑建议不禁想（consider、suggest、can't help、feel like）； 喜欢怀念要介意（enjoy、miss、mind）。 2.某些动词后接动词不定式与接动词-ing形式的区别 （1） （2） （3） （4） （5） （6） 3.介词为to,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式的介词短语 （1）look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事 ·I'm looking forward to receiving your letter. （2）prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.=prefer doing sth.to doing sth.宁愿做某件事而不愿做另一件事 ·Sally prefers staying at home to going out on Sundays. （3）be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 ·I am used to getting up early. 4.常跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有see、watch、hear、keep、find等，强调动作正在进行 ·I heard Lily singing in the classroom. 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）—The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our ________ in yesterday’s English speech competition. —Exactly. Many students couldn’t help ________ for her. A．condition; to cheer B．attention; cheering C．invention; cheering D．position; to cheer 2．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）—Hey, have you seen the latest short videos on Douyin? —Sure! I often spend my free time ________ them. A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watched 3．（24-25八年级上·广东广州·月考）The twins spent the whole afternoon ________ the model plane. A．to make B．making C．made D．makes 4．（2024·江苏南通·二模）The sun was shining brightly, ________ everything there look more beautiful. A．making B．to make C．and make D．and making 5．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Are there many students ________ about the Mid-term Star Awards after class? —Yes, of course. A．talk B．to talk C．talking D．talked 二．填空 1．[2023镇江]Don't give up______（尝试）.I'm sure you will succeed. 2．I feel it hard to stay focused,like a monkey______（jump）from one thought to another. 3．—Why were you late for class this morning? —On my way to school,I saw an old man____（lie）on the ground and took him to the hospital. 4．我姐姐告诉我，蛇能够感受到东西移动。 My sister told me that snakes can____things______. 5．你认为骑自行车是一种好的运动方式吗? ________________________________________________________________ 考点3过去分词 一、过去分词的构成 动词的过去分词,是动词的-ed形式，它除了可以与be一起构成被动语态,还可以与have/has一起构成现在完成时。 二、过去分词的句法功能 功能 示例 作表语 We were delighted to receive your email. 作定语 She had a pleased look on her face. 作宾语补足语 We all wished the problem settled. 作状语 Mr.Brown,deeply moved,thanked him again and again. 知识拓展 动词-ing形式与动词的过去分词作定语和表语时的区别 1.作定语时，动词-ing形式与被修饰词之间是主动关系，而动词过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系。 ·a moving story一个感人的故事 ·the moved people被感动的人 2.作表语时，动词-ing形式前面的主语多为物，而动词的过去分词前面的主语多为人。 ·The job was interesting.这份工作很有趣。 ·He was interested in the job.他对这份工作感兴趣。 随堂训练 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Be quick! There is little time ________ before the film starts. —OK. Let’s go now. A．leaving B．to leave C．leaves D．left 2．（2024·江苏常州·一模）________ “the Dragon Year”, the name “Loong Year” increases our cultural confidence as Chinese. A．Compare with B．To compare with C．Compared with D．Comparing with 3．（2023·江苏镇江·一模）________ with gasoline cars, electric cars are more energy saving, making them cheaper to operate. A．Compared B．To compare C．Comparing D．Compare 4．（2023·江苏扬州·一模）The career he devoted himself to ________ him ________ by people all over the world. A．made; remembered B．making; remember C．making; was remembered D．made; to remember 5．（2022·江苏南通·一模）— ________ do you check your X-ray machine? — We have it ________ every two years. A．How long; checked B．How often; check C．How often; checked D．How long; check 综合训练 一．单项选择 1．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）Lucy had few close friends at school, so she didn’t know ________ about the trouble. A．what to speak B．who to say C．what to talk D．who to talk to 2．（2025·江苏徐州·二模）—Children’s Day is coming. I haven’t decide ________ for little son. —Perhaps a model plane is a perfect present. It’s his favourite. A．what to buy B．where to buy C．when to buy D．how to buy 3．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）—It’s too hot today. Would you like something ________? —Yes, please. I’d like some iced tea. A．drink B．to drink C．drinking D．drunk 4．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）The little girl is afraid ________ out at night. A．go B．going C．to go D．went 5．（2025·江苏徐州·二模）I find it difficult ________ what he says as he never tells me the truth. A．believe B．to believe C．believed D．believing 6．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Do you know the stories of the Silver-haired Broadcasters? —Yes, 13 retired teachers devote as much time as they can ______ knowledge online. A．teach B．teaching C．to teaching D．to teach 7．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）—Those visitors ________ about the newly built Siyang Taoyuan Bridge now. —I’m sure they’ll have a great time ________ Siyang. A．talk; to visit B．are talking; visit C．talk; visiting D．are talking; visiting 8．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Fang Yuan is hard-working enough to devote most of her life ________ patients. A．treating B．treated C．to treat D．to treating 9．（2025·江苏·模拟预测）The boy ________ glasses is my classmate. He is good at ________ stories. A．wears; telling B．with; telling C．wears; to tell D．with; to tell 10．（21-22九年级下·江苏镇江·期中）Jack seems ________ than you ________ ready for the exams. A．busy; to get B．much busier; getting C．busier; to get D．more busier; getting 11．（2022·江苏徐州·模拟预测）My hometown used to be a small place ________ with ________ it is now. A．compared; how B．compared; what C．comparing; what D．comparing; how 12．（2022·江苏泰州·二模）Because of the wide spread of the virus Omicron, the government encourages people ________ indoors instead of going to any place ________ with crowds of people during holidays. A．staying; filling B．to stay; to fill C．staying; filled D．to stay; filled 13．（2022·江苏常州·二模）Jack put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _________  of his own dream. A．reminding B．to remind C．reminded D．remind 14．（2022·江苏泰州·模拟预测）In 1987, Gong Li played a lead role________ Red Sorghum, a film ________ upon a novel ________ by Mo Yan who has just won the Nobel Prize for Literature. A．in; basing; writing B．as; based; writing C．as; based; written D．in; based; written 15．（2022·江苏苏州·模拟预测）The kite ________ in China has a long history. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 二．填空题 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）You can hardly imagine how hard Tom practised (pass) the PE exam. 2．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）I think it is a good idea (taste) Huaiyang Cuisine at one of the local restaurants. 3．（2025·甘肃兰州·模拟预测）—What does he use his computer for?   — (receive) emails. 4．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）With the development of science, it’s easy for us (imagine) living on Mars. 5．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Thanks, but I would rather (not pay) with Apple Pay because I still have money in WeChat. 6．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）She kept (regret) her decision to give up the job without a backup plan. 7．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）I’m considering (cancel) the trip since it will be too hot tomorrow. 8．（2025·江苏南京·二模）Oceans play a big role in (slow) down global warming thanks to the oceanic plants. 9．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）Many students dream of (enter) a good high school after graduating from junior high. 10．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Many students prefer doing their homework to (rest) between lessons. 11．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）The subway Line 6 Nanjing South Station to Qixia District Station will be in use in 2025. (connect) 12．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）I saw a dog on the floor when I came into the room. (lie) 13．（2025·江苏泰州·一模）—We are supposed to respect local customs when (travel) to foreign countries. —That’s it. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 14．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The terrible disease is spreading rapidly, (cause) thousands of deaths. 15．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The city of Kyoto, (lie) at the foot of the mountains, is famous for its temples. 16．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）You have eyes (fix) on your computer for hours, Jerry. Have a rest, please. 17．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）We all agree that it is right to return (steal) relics (文物) to their original owners. 18．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Your car makes unusual noise. You’d better have it (check) at once. 19．（2024·江苏扬州·二模） with traditional cars, electric cars are more environment-friendly. (compare) 20．（2024·江苏南京·一模） (compare) to many other cities in China, Nanjing is more attractive to tourists from home and abroad. 三．动词语法填空 Spring Festival:A Time for Family and Traditions To welcome the Lunar New Year,Chinese families clean their houses thoroughly,（1）______（hope）to sweep away bad luck.Red lanterns（2）____（hang）on doors shine brightly,（3）________（create）a warm atmosphere. On New Year's Eve,family members gather around the table（4）________（enjoy）a reunion dinner.The dishes（5）______（serve）are always symbolic:fish for abundance（富足）,dumplings for wealth.Children（6）______（dress）in new clothes excitedly wait for red envelopes. At midnight,fireworks light up the sky,（7）______（make）loud sounds to scare away evil spirits.My grandfather told me stories about Nian,a monster（8） ________（frighten）by the color red and loud sounds. The Spring Festival isn't just about customs;it's a chance（9）________（connect）with our roots.（10）______（pass）down through generations,these traditions remind us of the importance of family and culture. 四．语法填空 A （2023·江苏苏州·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent years, a 1 (grow) number of Chinese books and movies have been translated into other languages. Many of the translators are young people who are 2 (interest) in learning Chinese culture. Anna Holmwood is one of them. Before she translated in Yong’s novel Legends of the Condor Heroes(《射雕英雄传》), the writer was little 3 (know) to English readers. One reason for this is that his works were too difficult 4 translate. But Anna managed to do it. 5 (attract) by the book’s themes as well as Chinese philosophy(哲学), Anna hoped to bring it to Englishmen. After five 6 (year) of work, the translated book came out in 2018. It was printed seven times in several months in the UK. Many people think Anna did a good job of   7 (explain) things that are “untranslatable”. Learning history at the University of Oxford, Anna began to learn Chinese at 21 after 8 trip in China. She calls 9 (she) “a clumsy(笨拙的) student, just like Guo Jing, but with a truthful heart”. 10 more young people learn to translate Chinese texts and films, more Chinese stories will become available to the world. B （2023·江苏苏州·二模）阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。 For me, nothing is more satisfying 1 discovering hidden gems (珍宝) in 2 secondhand shop. 3 all, one person’s trash is another person’s treasure. Two years ago, I came across a collection of dusty photos. I thought, if these were 4 (I), or my family’s, I’d want someone to return them to me, so I made it my goal to do so for others. I’ve since visited secondhand shops 5 (week), and have accumulated more than 50,000 of these items. I organize them in big boxes all over my house in New York. Photographs, home movies, undeveloped films, photo albums—you name it, I’ve collected it. I’ve also set up a social media account to help reunite(使重聚) items with their owners or other family members. The quickest we’ve been able to find an owner is within two minutes. Someone commented below a photo I posted, “I think that’s my child’s preschool teacher.” The longest we’ve taken to find someone is four months, but I’m proud that we still made it. There are 6 (thousand) of photos that have yet to be reunited. 7 social media, this project would not be possible. People are often quite emotional when we get in touch—most of these items are 8 (lose) after a house move or a family death. Sometimes people donate a camera to a charity shop and forget to take the memory card out. We once 9 (manage) to reunite a family with pictures from 1943, which was special. I found a can containing two rolls of film at a shop. One of my followers found a family on a heritage site, and their old photographs looked similar to the ones I found. We contacted them, and they confirmed their ancestors were in the photographs. They were extremely grateful and said that a family member had recently moved out of New York, which is probably how the film ended up at a secondhand store. I’d love to create a building to hold all these memories. I want every photo and video to be digitized (数字化) so they can be preserved online. I’m bringing together a team to return the photos to their owners. 10 , I am still working on it since we are short of money. Maybe one day, I can realize my dream. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12非谓语动词考点归纳 考点导览 考点讲练 考点1动词不定式 一、动词不定式的构成 基本形式为“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。这里的to是不定式符号,本身无意义。动词不定式的否定形式是“not（+to）+动词原形”。 二、动词不定式的句法功能 功能 用法及说明 例句 作主语 常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面 To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English. 作宾语 常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词：agree、ask、choose、decide、expect、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、promise、refuse、want、wish等 He decides to visit the family on Saturday evening. make、find、think、feel后跟动词不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在宾补后面 I find it necessary to read English every day. 动词不定式常和疑问词what、which、when、where、how一起用作宾语,相当于一个宾语从句 He didn't know where to go（=where he should go）. 作宾语补足语 常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词:tell、ask、want、allow、get、advise、expect、teach、remind、invite、encourage、force、require、warn等 Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. My mom advises me to do my homework first. 作状语 作目的状语,常用结构:in order to do,so as to do等 He goes swimming every day in order to keep fit. 作结果状语，常用结构:so/such...as to...（如此……以至于……）,too...to...（太……而不能……），...enough to...（足够……能……）,only to do（不料,竟然） I hurried to the hall only to find nobody there. 作原因状语，常用结构“be+形容词+不定式” I'm sorry to take your schoolbag mistakenly. 作定语 动词不定式作定语时要后置；something/anything/nothing+动词不定式 I have some clothes to wash. I want something to eat. 作表语 动词不定式作表语时,大多数情况可转换为作主语 My work is to clean the room every day.=To clean the room every day is my work. 作定语 如果动词是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间是动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词 注意动词不定式修饰time,place或way时，动词不定式后面习惯省略介词 Please give me some paper to write on. I have no place to live. 作主语补足语 带宾语补足语的句子变为被动时,宾语补足语变为主语补足语 He told her to sit down and wait.→She was told to sit down and wait by him. 归纳总结 动词不定式的常用句型 1.It is/was+adj.（+of/for sb.）+to do sth.（对某人来说）做某事是……的。 It is easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 2.It is/was one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。 It's my turn to tell a story. 3.It takes/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth.某人花……时间做某事。 It usually takes me five to ten minutes to get there by bus. 4.It's one's duty to do sth.做某事是某人的义务。 It's our duty to save energy. 5.It's time to do...是做……的时候了。 It is time to leave for Beijing. 知识拓展 不带to的动词不定式 1.在“使役动词/部分感官动词+宾语”之后作宾语补足语 五“看”:see、look at、watch、observe、notice 三个使役动词:make、let、have 两“听”:hear、listen to 一“感觉”:feel The boss made them work the whole night. 注意此类动词用作被动语态时,要用带to的动词不定式。 2.help后接动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语,动词不定式符号to可以省略 I have to help my mom（to）make dinner sometimes 3.一些固定结构及句型 Could/Would/Will you please（not）do sth.?请你（不）做某事好吗? prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某事也不愿做某事 would rather do sth.than do sth.宁愿做某事也不愿做某事 Why not do sth.?为什么不做某事呢? had better（not）do sth.最好（不）做某事 would rather do sth.宁愿做某事 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）My parents often tell me ______ late for school. A．don’t be B．not be C．not to be D．to not be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我父母经常告诉我上学不要迟到。 考查非谓语动词用法。tell sb. not to do sth.表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，固定搭配。故选C。 2．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）_______ online scams, police, banks and tech businesses need to work together more. A．Fight B．Fighting C．To fight D．Fought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了打击网络诈骗行为，警方、银行和科技企业需要加强合作。 考查非谓语动词。根据“police, banks and tech businesses need to work together more.”可知，警方、银行和科技企业需要加强合作的目的是为了打击网络诈骗行为，故此处用动词不定式表目的。故选C。 3．（2025·江苏常州·二模）—You must make an effort ________ playing computer games. It’s bad for your eyes. —You are right. It might be hard for me, but it’s worth ________. A．to stop; trying B．to stop; to try C．stopping; to try D．stopping; trying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你必须努力停止玩电脑游戏。这对你的眼睛不好。——你说得对。这可能对我来说很难，但值得尝试。 考查 动词不定式和动名词的用法。make an effort to do sth“努力做某事”， be worth doing sth“值得做某事” ，都是固定短语，所以第一空用不定式，第二空用动名词，故选A。 4．（2025·江苏南京·二模）When the number of visitors in Nanjing Museum becomes larger at weekends, the Volunteer Club is willing to do something ________ everything in order. A．to keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keeping 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当周末南京博物院的参观人数增多时，志愿者俱乐部愿意采取行动以确保一切秩序井然。 考查非谓语动词。“...everything in order”是“do something”的目的，所以此处选填动词不定式形式作目的状语。故选A。 5．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）He spends most of time in his life ________ studying how to prevent air pollution. A．working on B．to work on C．working out D．to work out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他一生中大部分时间都致力于研究如何防止空气污染。 考查动词短语和非谓语动词。work on致力于，从事 (某项工作或研究)；work out解决，计算出，制定出。根据空后“studying how to prevent air pollution”可知，研究如何防止空气污染是长期的研究目标，应用“work on”，排除C和D；spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，固定搭配，其中“in”可省略，所以这里应用动名词working，排除B。故选A。 二．填空 1．[2025徐州一模节选]She planned________（spend）the whole day digging it out. 【答案】to spend 2．Be sure______（give）your family my regards. 【答案】to give 3．[2025宿迁二模节选]He used simple language________（express）the beauty of nature. 【答案】to express 4．People are advised______（keep）a distance of 6 feet or more in public places. 【答案】to keep 5．[2023淮安]Our government has taken action______（make）life in the countryside better. 【答案】to make 6．She let Tom______（listen）to the raindrops falling on the roof. 【答案】listen 7．David asked his wife to give up her job to help________（cook）and clean for their children. 【答案】(to)cook 8．[2025南通一模节选]Many people go out________（enjoy）the local peonies.In Shandong,Henan and Sichuan,there are even festivals to appreciate their beauty. 【答案】to enjoy 9．Bridges must be so strong that they can support not only their own weight,but also the weight of the people and vehicles. 10.The bridges must be________________support the weight of the people,vehicles and themselves. 【答案】strong enough to 考点2动词-ing形式 一、动词-ing形式的构成 动词-ing形式一般是在动词原形后面加-ing构成,写作doing。它具有名词的性质,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语,同时又保留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。其否定形式由“not+动词-ing形式”构成,写作not doing。 二、动词-ing形式的句法功能 用法 说明 例句 作主语 动词-ing形式在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数 Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes. 作宾语 动词enjoy,avoid等后面接动词-ing形式作宾语 We should avoid making a noise in the library. 动词-ing形式可在介词后面作宾语 Thank you for warning us not to swim here. 作定语 动词-ing形式作定语时，常放在名词的前面 They found another hiding place. 动词-ing形式的短语作定语时，一般放在名词之后 The girl sitting next to me was my friend. 作表语 多数情况下,动词-ing形式作表语可转换成作主语 His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby. 作状语 动词-ing形式作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、结果 Being a student,he likes to help others. 知识拓展 1.常见的接动词-ing形式作宾语的词 完成练习值得忙（finish、practice、be worth、be busy）； 继续习惯别放弃（keep on、be used to、give up）； 考虑建议不禁想（consider、suggest、can't help、feel like）； 喜欢怀念要介意（enjoy、miss、mind）。 2.某些动词后接动词不定式与接动词-ing形式的区别 （1） （2） （3） （4） （5） （6） 3.介词为to,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式的介词短语 （1）look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事 ·I'm looking forward to receiving your letter. （2）prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.=prefer doing sth.to doing sth.宁愿做某件事而不愿做另一件事 ·Sally prefers staying at home to going out on Sundays. （3）be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 ·I am used to getting up early. 4.常跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有see、watch、hear、keep、find等，强调动作正在进行 ·I heard Lily singing in the classroom. 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）—The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our ________ in yesterday’s English speech competition. —Exactly. Many students couldn’t help ________ for her. A．condition; to cheer B．attention; cheering C．invention; cheering D．position; to cheer 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在昨天的英语演讲比赛中，这个女孩优美的发音引起了我们的注意。——确实如此。许多学生忍不住为她欢呼。 考查名词辨析和非谓语动词。condition状况；attention注意力；invention发明；position位置。根据“caught our”可知，指的是引起注意，应用attention；can’t help doing sth“忍不住做某事”。故选B。 2．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）—Hey, have you seen the latest short videos on Douyin? —Sure! I often spend my free time ________ them. A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watched 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嘿，你看过抖音上最新的短视频吗？——当然！我经常花空闲时间观看它们。 考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，动词短语，因此此处应用动名词形式，在句中作宾语。故选B。 3．（24-25八年级上·广东广州·月考）The twins spent the whole afternoon ________ the model plane. A．to make B．making C．made D．makes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这对双胞胎花了整个下午的时间制作模型飞机。 考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语。故选B。 4．（2024·江苏南通·二模）The sun was shining brightly, ________ everything there look more beautiful. A．making B．to make C．and make D．and making 【答案】A 【详解】句意：太阳明亮地照耀着，使那里的一切看起来更加美丽。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The sun was shining brightly”可知，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，且逻辑主语与make之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式做状语，表达“让那里的一切看起来更加美丽”。故选A。 5．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Are there many students ________ about the Mid-term Star Awards after class? —Yes, of course. A．talk B．to talk C．talking D．talked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——课后有很多学生谈论期中星光奖吗？——是的，当然。 考查非谓语动词。分析题干可知，问句中已经包含谓语动词are，所以空格处是非谓语动词；结合选项，主语students和动词talk之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应用动词talk的现在分词作后置定语。故选C。 二．填空 1．[2023镇江]Don't give up______（尝试）.I'm sure you will succeed. 【答案】trying 2．I feel it hard to stay focused,like a monkey______（jump）from one thought to another. 【答案】jumping 3．—Why were you late for class this morning? —On my way to school,I saw an old man____（lie）on the ground and took him to the hospital. 【答案】lying 4．我姐姐告诉我，蛇能够感受到东西移动。 My sister told me that snakes can____things______. 【答案】feel；moving 5．你认为骑自行车是一种好的运动方式吗? ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Do you think cycling is a good way of exercising/to exercise? 考点3过去分词 一、过去分词的构成 动词的过去分词,是动词的-ed形式，它除了可以与be一起构成被动语态,还可以与have/has一起构成现在完成时。 二、过去分词的句法功能 功能 示例 作表语 We were delighted to receive your email. 作定语 She had a pleased look on her face. 作宾语补足语 We all wished the problem settled. 作状语 Mr.Brown,deeply moved,thanked him again and again. 知识拓展 动词-ing形式与动词的过去分词作定语和表语时的区别 1.作定语时，动词-ing形式与被修饰词之间是主动关系，而动词过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系。 ·a moving story一个感人的故事 ·the moved people被感动的人 2.作表语时，动词-ing形式前面的主语多为物，而动词的过去分词前面的主语多为人。 ·The job was interesting.这份工作很有趣。 ·He was interested in the job.他对这份工作感兴趣。 随堂训练 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Be quick! There is little time ________ before the film starts. —OK. Let’s go now. A．leaving B．to leave C．leaves D．left 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——快！电影开始前剩下的时间不多了。——好的。我们现在就走吧。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子，空格处应用动词的过去分词形式作后置定语，表示已经完成的动作与被修饰词之间构成被动关系，left 意为 “剩下的” 。故选D。 2．（2024·江苏常州·一模）________ “the Dragon Year”, the name “Loong Year” increases our cultural confidence as Chinese. A．Compare with B．To compare with C．Compared with D．Comparing with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：与“the Dragon Year”相比，“Loong Year”这个名字增加了我们作为中国人的文化自信。 考查非谓语。分析句子可知，“the Dragon Year”是被比较对象，这里应用过去分词作状语。故选C。 3．（2023·江苏镇江·一模）________ with gasoline cars, electric cars are more energy saving, making them cheaper to operate. A．Compared B．To compare C．Comparing D．Compare 【答案】A 【详解】句意：与汽油车相比，电动汽车更节能，运行成本更低。 考查非谓语动词。根据“...with gasoline cars”可知，此处动词compare与主语的关系为被动，应使用动词过去分词作状语。故选A。 4．（2023·江苏扬州·一模）The career he devoted himself to ________ him ________ by people all over the world. A．made; remembered B．making; remember C．making; was remembered D．made; to remember 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他全身心投入的事业使他被全世界的人所铭记。 考查谓语动词和非谓语动词。分析题干可知，第一空前是定语从句，“he devoted himself to”是从句部分，修饰先行词career，表示“全身心投入的事业”，所以第一空应填谓语动词，结合“devoted”可知应用一般过去时，动词用过去式made；第二空结合make和空后的by可知，此处是make sb done“使某人被……”，所以第二空应填过去分词作宾语补足语，故选A。 5．（2022·江苏南通·一模）— ________ do you check your X-ray machine? — We have it ________ every two years. A．How long; checked B．How often; check C．How often; checked D．How long; check 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你多久检查一次X光机？——我们每两年检查一次。 考查特殊疑问句和过去分词。根据“every two years”可知，此处第一个空提问频率，使用How often；have sth done“让……被做”，故选C。 综合训练 一．单项选择 1．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）Lucy had few close friends at school, so she didn’t know ________ about the trouble. A．what to speak B．who to say C．what to talk D．who to talk to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：露西几乎没有亲密的朋友。因此她不知道跟谁谈论她的烦恼。 考查疑问词+动词不定式的用法。what to speak说什么；who to say对谁说；what to talk谈论什么；who to talk to和谁交谈。根据“Lucy had few close friends”可知，这里是指不知道该和谁谈论这个问题，特殊疑问词应用who；此处是talk to sb. about sth.结构，talk后面的介词to不能省略，故选D。 2．（2025·江苏徐州·二模）—Children’s Day is coming. I haven’t decide ________ for little son. —Perhaps a model plane is a perfect present. It’s his favourite. A．what to buy B．where to buy C．when to buy D．how to buy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——儿童节快到了。我还没决定给小儿子买什么。——也许一个模型飞机是一个完美的礼物。这是他的最爱。 考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式表达。what to buy买什么；where to buy去哪里买；when to buy什么时候买；how to buy如何买。根据回答“Perhaps a model plane is a perfect present.”可知，此处表示“买什么”，故选A。 3．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）—It’s too hot today. Would you like something ________? —Yes, please. I’d like some iced tea. A．drink B．to drink C．drinking D．drunk 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今天太热了。你想喝点什么吗？——是的。我想要一些冰茶。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Would you like something...?”和选项可知，此处应用动词不定式to drink作后置定语修饰复合不定代词something。故选B。 4．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）The little girl is afraid ________ out at night. A．go B．going C．to go D．went 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个小女孩害怕晚上出去。 考查非谓语动词。be afraid to do sth.意为“害怕做某事”，所以此处应填to go。故选C。 5．（2025·江苏徐州·二模）I find it difficult ________ what he says as he never tells me the truth. A．believe B．to believe C．believed D．believing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我觉得很难相信他说的话，因为他从不告诉我真相。 考查it作形式宾语。believe动词原形；to believe动词不定式；believed动词过去式；believing动词-ing形式。“find it+形容词+to do sth”是一个常见的英语结构，其中“it”是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式“to do sth”。故选B。 6．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Do you know the stories of the Silver-haired Broadcasters? —Yes, 13 retired teachers devote as much time as they can ______ knowledge online. A．teach B．teaching C．to teaching D．to teach 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道银发播音员的故事吗？——是的，13名退休教师尽可能多地投入时间在线教授知识。 考查非谓语动词和动词短语。根据“devote as much time as they can...knowledge online.”可知此处是结构devote time to doing sth.“投入时间做某事”。故选C。 7．（2025·江苏宿迁·二模）—Those visitors ________ about the newly built Siyang Taoyuan Bridge now. —I’m sure they’ll have a great time ________ Siyang. A．talk; to visit B．are talking; visit C．talk; visiting D．are talking; visiting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——现在，那些游客正在谈论新建的泗阳桃源大桥。——我相信他们去泗阳一定会玩得很开心的。 考查时态及非谓语动词。根据“now”并结合“Those visitors …about the newly built Siyang Taoyuan Bridge now.”的语境可知，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时；have a great time (in) doing sth.“做某事玩得很开心”，是固定搭配。故选D。 8．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Fang Yuan is hard-working enough to devote most of her life ________ patients. A．treating B．treated C．to treat D．to treating 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Fang Yuan非常勤奋，她一生大部分时间都致力于治疗病人。 考查固定短语。根据固定短语devote sth. to doing sth.“致力于做某事”可知，此处应填介词to和动名词treating。故选D。 9．（2025·江苏·模拟预测）The boy ________ glasses is my classmate. He is good at ________ stories. A．wears; telling B．with; telling C．wears; to tell D．with; to tell 【答案】B 【详解】句意：戴眼镜的男孩是我的同学。他擅长讲故事。 考查介词和动名词作宾语。wears戴着 (谓语)；with带有 (介词)。第一句话已有谓语动词“is”，不能再用“wears”，“with glasses”作后置定语，修饰“boy”；be good at doing意为“擅长做某事”，at为介词，后加动名词作宾语。故选B。 10．（21-22九年级下·江苏镇江·期中）Jack seems ________ than you ________ ready for the exams. A．busy; to get B．much busier; getting C．busier; to get D．more busier; getting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：杰克似乎比你更忙于准备考试。 考查形容词比较级和非谓语动词。than是比较级的标志，故形容词busy应用其比较级形式busier，much修饰比较级可以用来加深程度，表示“……得多”，故第一空应为much busier或busier；be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，seem在这相当于系动词be，第二空应为getting。故选B。 11．（2022·江苏徐州·模拟预测）My hometown used to be a small place ________ with ________ it is now. A．compared; how B．compared; what C．comparing; what D．comparing; how 【答案】B 【详解】句意：和现在相比，我的家乡过去是个小地方。 考查非谓语动词以及宾语从句。compare与主语是被动关系，所以第一空应填过去分词。第二空作is的表语，应用what引导宾语从句，故选B。 12．（2022·江苏泰州·二模）Because of the wide spread of the virus Omicron, the government encourages people ________ indoors instead of going to any place ________ with crowds of people during holidays. A．staying; filling B．to stay; to fill C．staying; filled D．to stay; filled 【答案】D 【详解】句意：由于奥密克戎病毒的广泛传播，政府鼓励人们在假期期间待在室内，而不是去任何挤满人群的地方。 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do“鼓励某人做”，空一使用不定式作宾语补足语。空二使用过去分词作定语修饰名词。故选D。 13．（2022·江苏常州·二模）Jack put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _________  of his own dream. A．reminding B．to remind C．reminded D．remind 【答案】C 【详解】句意：杰克在床边贴了一张姚明的照片，提醒自己不要忘记自己的梦想。 考查固定搭配。remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人做某事；keep sb. doing/done/adj. 使某人持续不断地做某事。因为himself与remind为被动关系，故用keep sb. done结构，故用remind过去分词reminded。故选C。 14．（2022·江苏泰州·模拟预测）In 1987, Gong Li played a lead role________ Red Sorghum, a film ________ upon a novel ________ by Mo Yan who has just won the Nobel Prize for Literature. A．in; basing; writing B．as; based; writing C．as; based; written D．in; based; written 【答案】D 【详解】句意：1987年，巩俐主演的电影《红高粱》改编自刚刚获得诺贝尔文学奖的莫言的小说。 考查介词辨析和过去分词作定语。in在里面；as作为；basing，base的现在分词；based，base的过去分词和过去式；writing，write的现在分词；written，write的过去分词。固定短语play a role in“在……中扮演角色”，可排除BC选项；空二意为“以小说为基础”，过去分词based作定语，修饰“film ”，可排除A选项。故选D。 15．（2022·江苏苏州·模拟预测）The kite ________ in China has a long history. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国发明的风筝有着悠久的历史。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此句已有谓语动词has，所以排除C和D选项。kite与动词invent之间是被动关系，故此空应填过去分词作定语，故选B。 二．填空题 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）You can hardly imagine how hard Tom practised (pass) the PE exam. 【答案】to pass 【详解】句意：你几乎无法想象汤姆为了通过体育考试练习得多么努力。空格所在从句是一个感叹句，将hard放回从句中，应该是Tom practised hard ________ the PE exam。此处用不定式表示目的。故填to pass。 2．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）I think it is a good idea (taste) Huaiyang Cuisine at one of the local restaurants. 【答案】to taste 【详解】句意：我想去当地的餐馆尝尝淮扬菜是个好主意。根据“it is a good idea”可知，此处动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to taste。 3．（2025·甘肃兰州·模拟预测）—What does he use his computer for?   — (receive) emails. 【答案】To receive 【详解】句意：——他用电脑做什么？——接收电子邮件。此处表示目的，用动词不定式作目的状语，故填To receive。 4．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）With the development of science, it’s easy for us (imagine) living on Mars. 【答案】to imagine 【详解】句意：随着科学的发展，我们很容易想象在火星上生活。 这里考查的是it’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.的固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to do sth.。在这个句型中，形容词easy描述的是不定式所表示的动作性质，因此需要用不定式to imagine来表达“想象”这个动作。故填to imagine。 5．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Thanks, but I would rather (not pay) with Apple Pay because I still have money in WeChat. 【答案】not pay 【详解】句意：谢谢，但我宁愿不用Apple Pay支付，因为我微信里还有钱。根据“would rather”可知，would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事”，否定形式为would rather not do sth.。故填not pay。 6．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）She kept (regret) her decision to give up the job without a backup plan. 【答案】regretting 【详解】句意：她一直后悔自己没有后备计划就放弃了那份工作。根据“kept”可知，此处考查“keep doing sth.”这一固定用法，表示“一直做某事”。regret“后悔”，动词，其动名词形式为regretting。故填regretting。 7．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）I’m considering (cancel) the trip since it will be too hot tomorrow. 【答案】canceling/cancelling 【详解】句意：我正在考虑取消这次旅行，因为明天太热了。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”，故填canceling/cancelling。 8．（2025·江苏南京·二模）Oceans play a big role in (slow) down global warming thanks to the oceanic plants. 【答案】slowing 【详解】句意：由于海洋植物的存在，海洋在减缓全球变暖中发挥了重要作用。介词in后接动名词，故填slowing。 9．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）Many students dream of (enter) a good high school after graduating from junior high. 【答案】entering 【详解】句意：许多学生梦想在初中毕业后进入一所好的高中。enter“进入”，介词of后加动名词。故填entering。 10．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Many students prefer doing their homework to (rest) between lessons. 【答案】resting 【详解】句意：比起休息，许多学生更喜欢在课间做作业。prefer doing to doing“喜欢做……胜过做……”。故填resting。 11．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）The subway Line 6 Nanjing South Station to Qixia District Station will be in use in 2025. (connect) 【答案】connecting 【详解】句意：连接南京南站和栖霞区站的地铁6号线将于2025年投入使用。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词且无连词，所以动词connect“连接”需要变为非谓语动词的形式。句子中 “subway Line 6”和 “connect”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式 “connecting”作后置定语。故填connecting。 12．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）I saw a dog on the floor when I came into the room. (lie) 【答案】lying 【详解】句意：我走进房间时看到一只狗正躺在地板上。根据“I saw a dog ... on the floor when I came into the room.”以及英文提示可知，此处表示“看到某物正在做某事”，要用动词的现在分词形式作宾语补足语，lie“躺”的现在分词是lying。故填lying。 13．（2025·江苏泰州·一模）—We are supposed to respect local customs when (travel) to foreign countries. —That’s it. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 【答案】traveling/travelling 【详解】句意：——我们去国外旅行时应该尊重当地风俗。——就是这样。入乡随俗。when引导的时间状语从句，主句和从句的主语一致，可省略从句的主语和be动词，直接用现在分词traveling/travelling。故填traveling/travelling。 14．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The terrible disease is spreading rapidly, (cause) thousands of deaths. 【答案】causing 【详解】句意：这种可怕的疾病正在迅速蔓延，导致数千人死亡。根据分析句子成分可知，空处需非谓语动词作伴随状语，“导致死亡”是疾病蔓延的自然结果，且与主语disease是主动关系，故用现在分词causing。故填causing。 15．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The city of Kyoto, (lie) at the foot of the mountains, is famous for its temples. 【答案】lying 【详解】句意：位于山脚下的京都以其寺庙闻名。分析句子结构可知，主句是“The city of Kyoto is famous for its temples.”，此处用动词的非谓语形式。Kyoto与lie“位于”的关系是主动关系，故用现在分词。lie的现在分词lying。故填lying。 16．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）You have eyes (fix) on your computer for hours, Jerry. Have a rest, please. 【答案】fixed 【详解】句意：Jerry，你的眼睛盯着电脑好几个小时了。请休息一下吧。根据“You have eyes...(fix) on your computer for hours”可知，本句考查have sth. done的用法，意为“使某物被……”，eyes与动词fix之间是被动关系，需fix的过去分词fixed。故填fixed。 17．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）We all agree that it is right to return (steal) relics (文物) to their original owners. 【答案】stolen 【详解】句意：我们都一致认为把被盗的文物归还给它们最初的主人是正确的做法。根据“return … relics to their original owners”可知，此处是指将被盗文物归还原主；“relics”与 “steal”之间是被动关系，即“文物是被偷的”，所以要用“steal”的过去分词形式 “stolen”作定语，修饰“relics”。故填stolen。 18．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Your car makes unusual noise. You’d better have it (check) at once. 【答案】checked 【详解】句意：你的车发出不寻常的噪音。你最好马上去检查一下。have sth. done“让……被做”，固定短语。故填checked。 19．（2024·江苏扬州·二模） with traditional cars, electric cars are more environment-friendly. (compare) 【答案】Compared 【详解】句意：与传统汽车相比，电动汽车更环保。动词与主语electric cars之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用动词过去分词。故填Compared。 20．（2024·江苏南京·一模） (compare) to many other cities in China, Nanjing is more attractive to tourists from home and abroad. 【答案】Compared 【详解】句意：与中国许多其他城市相比，南京对国内外游客更具吸引力。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词是is，因此空处用非谓语形式，句子主语Nanjing和动词compare是被动关系，因此用过去分词作状语，句首字母大写。故填Compared。 三．动词语法填空 Spring Festival:A Time for Family and Traditions To welcome the Lunar New Year,Chinese families clean their houses thoroughly,（1）______（hope）to sweep away bad luck.Red lanterns（2）____（hang）on doors shine brightly,（3）________（create）a warm atmosphere. On New Year's Eve,family members gather around the table（4）________（enjoy）a reunion dinner.The dishes（5）______（serve）are always symbolic:fish for abundance（富足）,dumplings for wealth.Children（6）______（dress）in new clothes excitedly wait for red envelopes. At midnight,fireworks light up the sky,（7）______（make）loud sounds to scare away evil spirits.My grandfather told me stories about Nian,a monster（8） ________（frighten）by the color red and loud sounds. The Spring Festival isn't just about customs;it's a chance（9）________（connect）with our roots.（10）______（pass）down through generations,these traditions remind us of the importance of family and culture. 【答案】（1）hoping（2）hung（3）creating（4）to enjoy（5）served（6）dressed（7）making（8）frightened（9）to connect（10）Passed 四．语法填空 A （2023·江苏苏州·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent years, a 1 (grow) number of Chinese books and movies have been translated into other languages. Many of the translators are young people who are 2 (interest) in learning Chinese culture. Anna Holmwood is one of them. Before she translated in Yong’s novel Legends of the Condor Heroes(《射雕英雄传》), the writer was little 3 (know) to English readers. One reason for this is that his works were too difficult 4 translate. But Anna managed to do it. 5 (attract) by the book’s themes as well as Chinese philosophy(哲学), Anna hoped to bring it to Englishmen. After five 6 (year) of work, the translated book came out in 2018. It was printed seven times in several months in the UK. Many people think Anna did a good job of   7 (explain) things that are “untranslatable”. Learning history at the University of Oxford, Anna began to learn Chinese at 21 after 8 trip in China. She calls 9 (she) “a clumsy(笨拙的) student, just like Guo Jing, but with a truthful heart”. 10 more young people learn to translate Chinese texts and films, more Chinese stories will become available to the world. 【答案】1．growing 2．interested 3．known 4．to 5．Attracted 6．years 7．explaining 8．a 9．herself 10．As 【导语】本文介绍了现在越来越多的中文书籍和电影被翻译成其他语言，越来越多的翻译者对学习中国文化也越来越感兴趣，更多的中国故事将呈现给世界。 1．句意：近年来，越来越多的中文书籍和电影被翻译成其他语言。此处缺修饰词作定语。结合提示词可推测，应用其现在分词形式，与之构成短语“a growing number of…”，意为“越来越多的……”，符合语境。故填growing。 2．句意：许多翻译者都是对学习中国文化感兴趣的年轻人。结合提示词可推测，空格处应用其形容词形式与之构成固定短语“be interested in… 对……感兴趣”，符合语境。故填interested。 3．句意：这位作家不为英国读者所知。根据“One reason for this is that his works were too difficult…”可知，该作者的书比较难翻译，再结合提示词可推测，应用其过去分词形式与之构成“be little known to sb.”，意为“不为某人所知”，符合语境。故填known。 4．句意：原因之一是他的作品很难翻译。本句在解释这位作家不为人知的原因，结合语境可推测，此处应用不定式与之构成“too+adj.+to do sth.”，意为“太……以至于不能……”。故填to。 5．句意：被这本书的主题和中国哲学所吸引，安娜希望把它带给英国人。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用过去分词作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句：Because she (Anna) was attracted by the book’s themes …。该句省略了主语Anna，与动词attract为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式，表示被动含义，首字母大写。故填Attracted。 6．句意：经过五年的努力，这本翻译的书于2018年出版。结合提示词和“five…of work”可推测，空格处应用year的复数形式，表示“五年的……”。故填years。 7．句意：许多人认为安娜在一些难翻译的方面做得很好。结合提示词和介词“of”可推测，介词后应用动名词。故填explaining。 8．句意：安娜在牛津大学学习历史，21岁时在中国旅行后开始学习中文。结合语境可推测，此处的“trip in china”为首次提到，表泛指，表示“一场在中国之旅”，且trip发音为辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 9．句意：她称自己是“一个笨手笨脚的学生，就像郭靖一样，但有一颗真诚的心”。结合提示词和动词call可推测，空格处应用其反身代词，作宾语，表示“安娜她自己”，符合语境。故填herself。 10．句意：随着越来越多的年轻人学会翻译中文文本和电影，世界将会有更多的中国故事。分析句子结构可知，此处缺连词，又结合语境可推测，应用引导时间状语从句的连词as，表示“随着……”，符合语境，首字母大写。故填As。 B （2023·江苏苏州·二模）阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。 For me, nothing is more satisfying 1 discovering hidden gems (珍宝) in 2 secondhand shop. 3 all, one person’s trash is another person’s treasure. Two years ago, I came across a collection of dusty photos. I thought, if these were 4 (I), or my family’s, I’d want someone to return them to me, so I made it my goal to do so for others. I’ve since visited secondhand shops 5 (week), and have accumulated more than 50,000 of these items. I organize them in big boxes all over my house in New York. Photographs, home movies, undeveloped films, photo albums—you name it, I’ve collected it. I’ve also set up a social media account to help reunite(使重聚) items with their owners or other family members. The quickest we’ve been able to find an owner is within two minutes. Someone commented below a photo I posted, “I think that’s my child’s preschool teacher.” The longest we’ve taken to find someone is four months, but I’m proud that we still made it. There are 6 (thousand) of photos that have yet to be reunited. 7 social media, this project would not be possible. People are often quite emotional when we get in touch—most of these items are 8 (lose) after a house move or a family death. Sometimes people donate a camera to a charity shop and forget to take the memory card out. We once 9 (manage) to reunite a family with pictures from 1943, which was special. I found a can containing two rolls of film at a shop. One of my followers found a family on a heritage site, and their old photographs looked similar to the ones I found. We contacted them, and they confirmed their ancestors were in the photographs. They were extremely grateful and said that a family member had recently moved out of New York, which is probably how the film ended up at a secondhand store. I’d love to create a building to hold all these memories. I want every photo and video to be digitized (数字化) so they can be preserved online. I’m bringing together a team to return the photos to their owners. 10 , I am still working on it since we are short of money. Maybe one day, I can realize my dream. 【答案】1．than 2．a 3．After 4．mine 5．weekly 6．thousands 7．Without 8．lost 9．managed 10．However 【导语】本文主要讲述了自己喜欢在二手商店淘宝，讲到了这个爱好开始的原因，以及这个爱好对其他人的帮助。 1．句意：对我来说，没有什么比在二手商店发现隐藏的珍宝更令人满意的了。根据more satisfying可知，此空应填than“比”，故填than。 2．句意：对我来说，没有什么比在二手商店发现隐藏的珍宝更令人满意的了。此处泛指，且secondhand是以辅音音素开头的，故填a。 3．句意：毕竟，一个人的垃圾是另一个人的宝贝。根据“all, one person’s trash is another person’s treasure.”可知，此处用after all表示“毕竟”，总结的一句话，故填After。 4．句意：两年前，我偶然发现了一批满是灰尘的照片。我想，如果这些是我的，或者是我家人的，我希望有人把它们还给我，所以我把为别人这样做作为我的目标。此空后无名词，所以应填名词性物主代词，故填mine。 5．句意：从那以后，我每周都会逛二手商店。分析句子结构可知，此空应填weekly表示频率，故填weekly。 6．句意：还有成千上万的照片还没有重新组合。thousands of“成千上万的”，表示概数，故填thousands。 7．句意：如果没有社交媒体，这个项目就不可能实现。根据“social media, this project would not be possible”可知，没有社交媒体，这个项目就不可能实现，without“没有”，介词，故填Without。 8．句意：当我们联系时，人们通常会很情绪化——这些东西大多是在搬家或家人去世后丢失的。根据are可知，此空应填lost表示“丢失”，故填lost。 9．句意：我们曾设法用1943年的照片让一家人团聚，这很特别。根据once可知，此句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填managed。 10．句意：由于我们缺钱，但我仍在努力。“I am still working on it since we are short of money”与前文是转折关系，故填However。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $