专题11 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致考点归纳-2026届中考英语总复习（牛津译林版）

该初中英语中考复习知识清单系统梳理了谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三大核心内容，涵盖一般现在时等六种时态、被动语态及主动表被动用法、主谓一致三原则，构建了“考点解析+真题讲练”的复习框架。 清单通过“表格归纳+真题实训”呈现知识体系，如用对比表清晰展示非延续性动词与延续性动词转换，标注“现在完成时与一般过去时区别”等易错点，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。每个考点配2024-2025年模拟题，附详细解析，助力学生自主检测，为教师提供针对性教学支持。

专题11谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致考点归纳 考点导览 考点讲练 考点1动词的时态 一、一般现在时 构成 1.主语+am/is/are+表语 2.主语+实义动词原形/第三人称单数形式（+其他） 用法及例句 表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态 I often go to school by bike.我经常骑车去上学。 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 在由when、before、as soon as等引导的时间状语从句或由if、unless等引导的条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来 She will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨,她将待在家中。 如果主句是祈使句或含有情态动词的句子，从句用一般现在时 Turn off the lights before you leave home.在你离开家之前,关掉灯。 时间状语 频度副词:often、usually、sometimes等；表示动作发生频率的短语：once/twice a week等；重复出现的时间：on Mondays、every day/week/month/year等 1．（2025·江苏·模拟预测）—What are you doing now? —I ________ my homework. I always ________ my homework in the evening. A．do; do B．am doing; do C．do; am doing D．am doing; am doing 2．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）—I wonder if John ________ next year’s talent show. —I have no idea. But I think if he ________ his class project, he will. A．joins; finishes B．will join in; will finish C．takes part in; finishes D．will take part in; finishes 3．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The Blossoms flower (《繁花》) is famous about the China that it ________Shanghai’s culture. A．pushes B．pushed C．to push D．pushing 4．（2025·北京西城·模拟预测）—I saw Tom’s father buy lots of books yesterday. —That’s not strange. Both Tom and his father ________ reading. They read every night. A．enjoy B．have enjoyed C．enjoyed D．will enjoy 5．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）On the top of Mount Tai ______ Jade Emperor Temple (玉皇庙). A．standing B．to stand C．stand D．stands 二、现在进行时 构成 主语+am/is/are+动词-ing形式（+其他） 用法及例句 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 Scientists are doing research on two types of vaccine.科学家们正在研究两种疫苗。 用法及例句 表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作或持续的状态 The students are working on the farm these days.学生们这些天一直在农场劳动。 表示即将发生或者安排好的将来要做的事情，用现在进行时表示将来，常见动词有go、come、leave、start、begin等 The bus is coming soon.公共汽车就快来了。 We are leaving for Shanghai.我们就要动身去上海了。 用于表示现阶段习惯性的动作,常与always等词连用,含有抱怨或赞美等感情色彩 John is always lying.约翰老是撒谎。 标志词/短语 now（right now）、at the moment、these days、at present、at this time、at the/this moment等；句前出现“Look!”“Listen!” 注意在while（当……的时候）引导的时间状语从句中,从句常用进行时。 While I am doing my homework,my mother comes back.我写作业的时候,妈妈回来了。 1．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）— Millie, where is your brother now? — He ________ the dishes in the kitchen. A．does B．did C．will do D．is doing 2．（2025·江西九江·二模）—Sorry, I can’t hear what you say clearly. I ________ a basketball competition outside. —Well, I will call you later. A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．will watch 3．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—I haven’t seen you these days.What are you busy with? —I ________ my English Speech Competition because the next week to do this. A．am preparing for B．prepared for C．have prepared for D．will prepare for 4．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）—Jim, could you help me plant some trees in the garden? —Just a minute, Dad. I ________ my dirty shoes now. A．washed B．am washing C．have washed D．was washing 5．（2025·安徽合肥·二模）Our knowledge of the universe (宇宙) ________ all the time. A．is grown B．has grown C．is growing D．was grown 三、一般将来时 构成 1.主语+will/shall+动词原形（+其他） 2.主语+be going to+动词原形（+其他） 用法及例句 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 We will come to visit you next month.我们下个月会来看你。 “be going to+动词原形” ①表示打算、计划或准备做某事 ②有预兆发生某事 I'm going to study music during the coming summer holiday.我打算在即将到来的暑假学习音乐。 Look at the clouds.There is going to be a storm.看那些云。暴风雨就要来临了。 时间状语 tomorrow、next week/month/year、in the future、in+时间段（如：in two days）、some day、from now on等 注意shall用于将来时中多用于第一人称;当疑问句中主语是I或we时,一般使用shall,表示征求对方的意见。 Where shall we meet tomorrow?明天我们在哪里见面? 1．（2025·江苏徐州·三模）“Hurry, the performance ________ in five minutes,” Amy shouted excitedly. A．started B．has started C．was starting D．will start 2．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）There _______ a song and dance show in Huai’an Xiyou World of Adventure at night. Why not ________ your classmates to see it? A．is going to be; invite B．is going to have; invite C．is going to be; to invite D．is going to have; to invite 3．（2025·江苏常州·二模）It’s reported that another big shopping center ________ here next year. A．will open B．opened C．opens D．is open 4．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）Shenzhou-20 team have been in space for a month. They ______ to the earth in October this year. A．returned B．return C．have returned D．will return 5．（2025·江苏南京·二模）—Amy, there ________a special sea lion show next Saturday in Hongshan Forest Zoo. —Let’s book the tickets online. I can’t wait to watch it. A．was B．has been C．is going to be D．are 四、一般过去时 构成 1.主语+was/were+表语 2.主语+动词过去式（+其他） 用法及例句 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 I got up at eight o'clock yesterday morning.我昨天早上8点起床的。 表示过去习惯性或经常发生的动作；表示“过去常常做某事”可用“used to+动词原形” When I was a child,I often went to play in that park.我小时候常去那个公园玩。 I used to go fishing on Sundays.我过去常常星期天去钓鱼。 语境中的一般过去时，含有“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已不再这样 —Are you going anywhere?你要去哪里？ —I thought about visiting my sister,but I have changed my mind.我原本想着去拜访我的姐姐，但是我改变主意了。 在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时 Our English teacher has worked in our school since she came to China.我们的英语老师自从来到中国,就在我们学校工作。 时间状语 just now、yesterday、last week/year/month、in 2008、in the past、a few days ago、once upon a time、the other day等 1．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）—What about the young man who was running in the rain? —He ________ the case. He was just in a hurry to catch a bus. A．has nothing to do with B．had nothing to do with C．has something to do with D．had something to do with 2．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）Xu Xiake more than 30 years travelling, mostly on foot, around China in the 17th century. A．spends B．spent C．has spent D．was spending 3．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）The number of the teachers in our school _________ bigger last term. A number of teachers _________ for over ten years now. A．grew, have worked B．grows, has worked C．grows, have worked D．grew, are working 4．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. A．was B．is C．has been D．will be 5．（2025·江苏南京·三模）As a form of art, ice sculpture ________ in 1892. The famous French chef Auguste Escoffier made a fantastic swan out of ice. A．begins B．began C．has begun D．is beginning 五、过去进行时 构成 主语+was/were+动词-ing形式 用法及例句 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态 I was playing basketball with my father at 10 o'clock yesterday morning.昨天上午10点,我正在和我的爸爸打篮球。 go、come、leave、arrive、start等动词用在过去进行时中表示过去按计划即将发生的动作 She told me she was leaving that night.她告诉我她那晚就要走了。 句中含有when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行 I was listening to music when my mother came in.妈妈进来时，我正在听音乐。 句中含有while引导的时间状语从句，主从句动作在过去某个时间同时发生且有对比意义，则主从句谓语动词都使用过去进行时 I was helping my mother with housework while my brother was playing games.我在帮妈妈做家务的时候，弟弟在玩游戏。 时间状语 at that time/moment、at this time yesterday、过去的具体时间（如at 9 o'clock yesterday morning）等 1．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）I didn’t hear the knock on the door just now because I ________ an exciting football match. A．watched B．have watched C．will watch D．was watching 2．（2025·江苏南京·二模）—Our local dance show Dream of the Red Chamber is so hot. —Indeed. I ________ for tickets the whole morning. Luckily, I finally got one! A．fights B．will fight C．have fought D．was fighting 3．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）When I _______ in the college, I joined the Students’ Union. A．study B．am studying C．have studied D．was studying 4．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—Helen, I didn’t see you in the library at 5 p. m. yesterday. —I ________ singing for the School Art Festival at that time. A．have practiced B．was practicing C．practiced D．will practice 5．（2025·北京门头沟·二模）When Mr. Smith came into the classroom, we ________ the maths problem. A．were discussing B．will discuss C．have discussed D．discuss 六、现在完成时 构成 主语+have/has+过去分词（+其他） 用法及例句 表示动作发生在过去，到说话之前已经完成，侧重于该动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。（现在知道了电影内容） 表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去；常和“for+时间段”或“since+过去的时间点”连用 I have studied English for 8 years.我已经学了八年英语了。（也许还会继续学下去） He has lived in Hangzhou since he was born.从出生起他就住在杭州。（也许还会继续住在杭州） 用法及例句 表示到现在为止某个动作发生了几次 I have already read this book many times.我已经读过很多遍这本书了。 时间状语 already（肯定句）、yet（否定句，疑问句）、just、ever、never、for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、so far、up to now、over the past、last few years、recently、lately等 易错警示 现在完成时中的延续性和非延续性动词 非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,需要转换为同义的延续性动词。 表达“我离开家乡已有10年了。” （误）I have left my hometown for 10 years. （正）I have been away from my hometown for 10 years. 归纳总结 初中阶段常见非延续性动词（短语）与延续性动词（短语）的转换： 非延续性动词（短语） 延续性动词（短语） 非延续性动词（短语） 延续性动词（短语） arrive in/arrive at/reach be+in/at... fall ill/fall asleep be ill/be asleep begin/start be on finish/end be over borrow keep go be there buy have join be in/be a member of... catch a cold have a cold leave be away（from...） close be closed lose not have/be out of come be here open be open die be dead wake up be awake 易错警示 1.have been to、have gone to和have been in的区别 易混结构 含义及用法 例句 have been to 表示“曾去过某地”，说话时已经离开 I have been to New York twice.我曾去过纽约两次。（人已不在纽约） have gone to 表示“已去了某地”，说话时不在说话人的地点，或在去某地的途中，或已到了某地 Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。（人还没回来） have been in 表示“已在某地（待了多久）” The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约已有三年了。 2.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 时态 用法说明 例句 一般过去时 一般强调过去某个时间或某段时间曾有过某个动作，现已结束（与现在没有任何联系） I wrote a letter yesterday evening.（表示写的动作结束） 现在完成时 过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；过去持续到现在的动作或状态；到现在为止动作完成了若干次（动作与过去和现在都有联系） —Do you want to see this film with me tonight? —I have seen the film already.（说明“看”这个动作发生在过去，“我”现在不想去或不想再看一遍了） 1．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—It has been ten years since we met each other for the first time. —How time flies! I can’t believe that we ________ friends for ten years. A．made B．have made C．have been D．are making 2．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）—I can’t believe the young couple ________ that European country. —But it’s quite true. They came back last week and chatted with me about their stories. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in 3．（2025·江苏徐州·三模）—Will you watch the movie with us tonight? —No, I ________ the film twice. A．will see B．have seen C．saw D．was seeing 4．（2025·江苏常州·三模）—Where is your sister? —She ________ Canada for three months. A．has gone to B．had gone to C．has been to D．has been in 考点2动词的语态 一、基本概述 语态是谓语动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系，包含主动语态和被动语态两种形式。当主语是动作的执行者时，用主动语态；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（done）”构成。 二、使用被动语态的几种情况 三、几种常见的被动语态 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 主语+am/is/are+实义动词的过去分词（+by其他） The room is cleaned by her.这个房间被她打扫。 You are wanted on the phone.有你的电话。 一般过去时 主语+助动词was/were+实义动词的过去分词（+by+其他） The window was broken by Tom.窗户被汤姆打破了。 一般将来时 主语+will/shall+助动词be+实义动词的过去分词（+by+其他） The building will be built by them next month.这座建筑下个月将由他们建造。 主语+am/is/are going to+助动词be+实义动词的过去分词（+by+其他） The task is going to be finished by us.这项任务将要被我们完成。 现在进行时 主语+助动词was/were+being+实义动词的过去分词（+by+其他） The cake is being baked,so please be patient.蛋糕正在烤，所以请耐心点儿。 过去进行时 主语+助动词was/were+being+实义动词的过去分词（+by+其他） The bridge was being built when we went there the other day.那天我们去那里时，这座桥正在建设中。 现在完成时 主语+助动词have/has+been+实义动词的过去分词（+by+其他） The book has been read by many students.这本书已经被许多学生读过了。 注意含有情态动词的句子被动语态结构为：情态动词+助动词be+实义动词的过去分词。只含有系动词的句子无被动语态，含有实义动词的句子才有被动语态。 四、特殊用法——主动表被动 1.部分不及物动词 open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词且主语为物时，可用主动语态表示被动含义，说明主语的性质和特征。 This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 This kind of shirt sells well here.这种衬衫在这里卖得好。 2.系动词主动表被动 look、sound、taste、smell、feel等系动词用主动形式表示被动含义。 School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。 The cake smells delicious.这个蛋糕闻起来很香。 1．（2025·江苏南京·三模）—You’re looking very smart in a new suit today. —Thanks. But to tell you the truth, I ________ it for quite a few years. A．had B．bought C．have had D．have bought 2．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）The Chinese Spring Festival ________ on the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on December 4, 2024. A．includes B．has included C．was included D．has been included 3．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—It takes me nearly two hours on the way to work. It makes me very upset. —Don’t worry. It will become much more convenient when the underground ________ next year. A．builds B．will build C．is built D．will be built 4．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）The future of education _________ greatly as AI technologies develop quickly. A．influences B．is influenced C．will be influenced D．was influenced 5．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）— It’s said that iQIYI Land ________ in Yangzhou since March, 2025. — Really? It will become a new popular attraction in our hometown. A．has built B．were built C．will be built D．has been built 6．（2025·江苏南京·一模）In order to build a beautiful China and make the nation even greener, bad habits like wasting water should ________. A．avoid B．be avoided C．cancel D．be cancelled 考点3主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 一、语法一致原则 1.主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数。 They are playing basketball in the park.他们正在公园里打篮球。 She usually gets up at six thirty.她通常在六点半起床。 2.动词不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Using public chopsticks is necessary when eating with others.当与他人一起吃饭时，使用公筷是必要的。 3.复合不定代词somebody、something、anybody、anything、everybody、everything、nobody、nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Everyone is here.Let's go.每个人都到了。我们走吧。 4.“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数；“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 A number of wild elephants are moving towards the north.许多野生象正在向北方迁移。 The number of the students in our class is fifty-four.我们班的学生数量是54。 1．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）—How many students are there in your school? —________ the students in our school ________ over 1,500. A． The number of; is B．The number of; are C．A number of; is D．A number of; are 2．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）Neither Jim nor Tom ________ France before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 3．（2025·江苏常州·一模）The population in some European countries ________ these years. Many young people are moving to big cities. A．are getting smaller B．is getting smaller C．is getting less D．are getting larger 4．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）Which of the following sentence has the same mistake as “People depend natural resources to live”? A．Coal, oil and natural gas is useful, not only for families, but for factories. B．As a result, it is very important for us to use them wise. C．If they are used and thrown careless, some of them will run out. D．We should try produce less waste, reuse or recycle things if possible. 5．（2024·江苏淮安·一模）My bedroom looks very tidy because it ________ by my mother every day. A．clean B．cleaned C．is cleaned D．are cleaned 二、意义一致原则 1.集体名词（如family、team、crowd、class、group、government等）作主语时，如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数。 Our family does not use this silver plate very often.我们家并不经常使用这个银盘子。 It's 9:00 a.m.and Zhu Hui's family are at home.现在是上午9点，朱辉的家人都在家。 2.表示时间、价格、重量、数目、长度等意义的词或短语作主语时,通常将其看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。 Two months is a long time.两个月是一段很长的时间。 注意有些名词形式上以s结尾,却是不可数名词,这类名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。如news、physics、maths等。 News of a serious road accident is just coming in.刚收到一则重大交通事故的消息。 1．（2023·江苏盐城·一模）—Three months ___________quite a long time. —Yes, I'm afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A．are B．was C．is D．were 2．（2024·江苏淮安·一模）—There ______ a lot of people over there. What is happening? —The students are selling DIY cards to raise money. A．are B．is C．has D．have 3．（2023·江苏盐城·一模）It is reported that half of the China’s population __________ working in cities in 2015 to make money． A．are B．is C．was D．were 4．（2024·江苏南通·一模）—There are so many swimmers swimming in the swimming pool. —Yes, and sixty percent        _ children. A．is B．are C．was D．were 5．（2024·江苏扬州·一模）Half of the class _______ done most of the work. The left ________ rather difficult. A．has; is B．have; is C．have; are D．has; are 三、就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词用单数还是用复数取决于最靠近它的主语。常见的遵循就近原则的句型和结构有：There be句型,...or...,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but（also）...。 There is a book and two rulers on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两把尺子。 Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅那位老师而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 知识拓展 主谓一致之“就远原则” A as well as B表示“A和B”,B部分为附带成分,谓语动词的数与A部分一致;同样的结构还有A with B、A together with B、A along with B、A except B、A except B等。 My brother as well as my parents has gone to America for a holiday.我弟弟和我父母去美国度假了。 We except Mr.Smith have seen the film.除史密斯先生外，我们都看过这部电影。 1．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The journey was so tiring that Daniel thought it was worth ________ time ________ the money. A．both; and B．neither; nor C．either; or D．not only; but also 2．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）Neither Millie nor Shirley ________ Australia before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 3．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）—Mum, I am hungry. —There ________ some bread and two eggs on the table. A．are B．is C．have D．has 4．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）If there ______ no buying and selling of animals, there ______ no killing. A．is, is B．will be, will be C．is; will be D．will be; is 5．（2023·江苏南京·一模）Try to be the master of your life. Life is a horse and ________ you ride it ________ it rides you. A．neither; nor B．either; or C．both; and D．not only; but also 综合训练 一．单句语法填空 1．（2023·江苏南京·二模）Kevin is a fan of Jackie Chan,  a large picture of him still (hang) from his bedroom wall. 2．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）The young director, who (direct) at least 10 films so far, is well-known in the film industry. 3．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）About three quarters of the population in China (be) farmers twenty years ago. 4．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）I learnt from the physics class gravity (keep) our feet on the ground on the earth. 5．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）An apple from the tree and hit me on my way home. (fall) 6．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Our personal information (steal) if we are not careful enough on the Internet. 7．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Every time we Chinese need help in a foreign country, at our back always (stand) a strong motherland. 8．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Last term, Mr Liu (teach) us English for three months. 9．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—Don’t make any noise. The baby is sleeping. —There is no need. He (wake) up. 10．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—I didn’t see you at the party last night, Anna. We (expect) you then. —Oh, really? I was too busy and forgot all about it. 11．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）Because of the heavy fog, most of the flights have been (cancel). 12．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）—Who do you think (mistake) for the real princess by people? —Hepburn was. 13．（2024·江苏盐城·二模）Every year, about 750,000 cars _______________(produce)in this factory 14．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）To keep safe, everyone (tell) to wear a seat belt in the car now. 15．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）He (punish) because he broke the rules. 16．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）Not only my parents but my little sister (prepare) for the birthday party when I got home. 17．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）Not only the teachers but also one of the top students (attend) the meeting this time yesterday. 18．（2025·江苏无锡·二模）Cheer up, guys! There (be) always a reason to smile, even on the hardest days. 19．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Be careful with electricity since danger (lie) in the way you use it. 20．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Lily as well as her family (climb) the green mountain nearby at this time of year. 二．语法填空 A （2024·江苏苏州·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，在标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you noticed more cherries on your dinner table this winter? The price of cherries in Beijing has dropped by 30 to 50 percent 1 December 2023. In fact, keeping cherries fresh is challenging because it 2 (need) excellent ports and transportation (运输). Only ports in Shanghai and Guangdong could manage it before. It took 2 days to transport cherries from the south to the 3 (northern), making it costly for people in northern parts to enjoy fresh cherries. The “Cherry Express” from Chile to Tianjin is the first direct sea route (航线). Tianjin has opened a fast line for cherry ships from Chile, 4 (save) 2 hours for port in and out. At the container terminal (集装箱码头), all three production lines are used, making sure that each cherry container is 5 (deal）with in 20 minutes. Through these efforts, cherries can reach 6 (market) in Hebei and Beijing in 5 hours. Besides local efforts, 7 (fast) transportation comes from closer economic (经济的) and trade ties between China 8 countries taking part in the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议). According to 2023 data, Chile’s cherry exports (出口) to China have grown by about 29 percent every year in 9 past 7 years. Because of closer trade cooperation (合作), cherries can now reach Chinese consumers at lower prices, helping 10 (they) enjoy “cherry freedom”. B （2024·江苏泰州·三模）Many traditional woodcut prints (版画) are either black and white or simple in colour, but reduction woodcuts (绝版木刻) can show rich colours. The reduction woodcut uses one piece of wood to make a 1 (colour) artwork. The artist cuts and prints different layers (层) in order on the same piece of wood. The reduction woodcuts became an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in Pu’er, Yunnan, 2 2009. Leng Guangmian, in his 3 (forty), is a reduction woodcut artist. Leng started learning it in 2003. He said that making reduction woodcut prints is just like an adventure. “Every time we cut on the wood and then print, we never know 4 it will be like in the end.” Finishing such work is not easy. He said that before cutting, he needs to plan for 5 whole print and choose colours for different layers. A big print usually takes months to finish. Leng hopes that both woodcutting skills and the life in Pu’er 6 (show) through his creative artwork. “For my works, there are two themes: Tea Horse Road (茶马古道), because Pu’er is one of the starting places of that road; and disappearing villages,” Leng said. “Many old villages in Pu’er need 7 (build) again. As a result, I want to make people remember their 8 (beautiful) before they are gone.” Leng Guangmian is now getting more people 9 (know) about the reduction woodcut. He trains farmers in Pu’er and brings the art into schools. To make students understand the art better and learn it more quickly, he even thought of a new idea of cardboard printing. “By using a smaller cardboard and making it 10 (simple) with three to five colours, students can get the charm of the art,” Leng said. Nowadays, the popularity of Chinese traditional works of art is increasing. At an art museum in Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu Province, the woodcut prints are taking center stage for the first time. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致考点归纳 考点导览 考点讲练 考点1动词的时态 一、一般现在时 构成 1.主语+am/is/are+表语 2.主语+实义动词原形/第三人称单数形式（+其他） 用法及例句 表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态 I often go to school by bike.我经常骑车去上学。 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 在由when、before、as soon as等引导的时间状语从句或由if、unless等引导的条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来 She will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨,她将待在家中。 如果主句是祈使句或含有情态动词的句子，从句用一般现在时 Turn off the lights before you leave home.在你离开家之前,关掉灯。 时间状语 频度副词:often、usually、sometimes等；表示动作发生频率的短语：once/twice a week等；重复出现的时间：on Mondays、every day/week/month/year等 1．（2025·江苏·模拟预测）—What are you doing now? —I ________ my homework. I always ________ my homework in the evening. A．do; do B．am doing; do C．do; am doing D．am doing; am doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你现在在做什么？——我正在做我的家庭作业。我总是在晚上做家庭作业。 考查动词时态辨析。do做，动词原形；am doing现在进行时。第一空根据问句“What are you doing now?”，可知询问的是现在正在进行的动作，要用现在进行时“be + 动词的现在分词”结构，主语是I，be动词用am，do的现在分词是doing，所以第一空填am doing；第二空根据“always”，可知是描述经常性、习惯性的动作，要用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词用原形do，所以第二空填do。故选B。 2．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）—I wonder if John ________ next year’s talent show. —I have no idea. But I think if he ________ his class project, he will. A．joins; finishes B．will join in; will finish C．takes part in; finishes D．will take part in; finishes 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我想知道约翰是否会参加明年的才艺表演。——我不知道。但我想如果他完成了他的班级项目，他会的。 考查时态。第一处是if引导的宾语从句，根据“next year’s talent show”可知，用一般将来时；第二处是if引导的条件状语从句，需满足“主将从现”原则，主语是“he”，动词用三单。故选D。 3．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The Blossoms flower (《繁花》) is famous about the China that it ________Shanghai’s culture. A．pushes B．pushed C．to push D．pushing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：《繁花》如此出名，以至于它推动了上海的文化。 考查动词时态。根据主句时态“is famous”和从句内容中“Shanghai’s culture.”可知，此处描述作品客观影响，用一般现在时pushes最恰当。故选A。 4．（2025·北京西城·模拟预测）—I saw Tom’s father buy lots of books yesterday. —That’s not strange. Both Tom and his father ________ reading. They read every night. A．enjoy B．have enjoyed C．enjoyed D．will enjoy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我昨天看到汤姆的爸爸买了很多书。 ——那并不奇怪。汤姆和他爸爸都喜欢阅读。他们每晚都读书。 考查时态。根据“They read every night.”可知，这里描述的是汤姆和他爸爸现在经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时。故选A。 5．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）On the top of Mount Tai ______ Jade Emperor Temple (玉皇庙). A．standing B．to stand C．stand D．stands 【答案】D 【详解】句意：泰山顶上矗立着玉皇庙。 考查倒装句和主谓一致。根据“On the top of Mount Tai ... Jade Emperor Temple (玉皇庙).”可知表示“矗立”，且句子为倒装结构，主语“Jade Emperor Temple”，谓语用第三人称单数形式stands。故选D。 二、现在进行时 构成 主语+am/is/are+动词-ing形式（+其他） 用法及例句 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 Scientists are doing research on two types of vaccine.科学家们正在研究两种疫苗。 用法及例句 表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作或持续的状态 The students are working on the farm these days.学生们这些天一直在农场劳动。 表示即将发生或者安排好的将来要做的事情，用现在进行时表示将来，常见动词有go、come、leave、start、begin等 The bus is coming soon.公共汽车就快来了。 We are leaving for Shanghai.我们就要动身去上海了。 用于表示现阶段习惯性的动作,常与always等词连用,含有抱怨或赞美等感情色彩 John is always lying.约翰老是撒谎。 标志词/短语 now（right now）、at the moment、these days、at present、at this time、at the/this moment等；句前出现“Look!”“Listen!” 注意在while（当……的时候）引导的时间状语从句中,从句常用进行时。 While I am doing my homework,my mother comes back.我写作业的时候,妈妈回来了。 1．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）— Millie, where is your brother now? — He ________ the dishes in the kitchen. A．does B．did C．will do D．is doing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Millie，你哥哥现在在哪？——他现在正在厨房里做饭。 考查时态。根据“where is your brother now”和“He...the dishes in the kitchen.”可知，此句是问你哥哥现在在哪里，回答是说现在正在厨房里做饭，用现在进行时，谓语动词构成是am/is/are+现在分词。故选D。 2．（2025·江西九江·二模）—Sorry, I can’t hear what you say clearly. I ________ a basketball competition outside. —Well, I will call you later. A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．will watch 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——抱歉，我听不清你说的话。我正在外面看一场篮球比赛。——好的，我稍后再打给你。 考查动词时态。根据“Sorry, I can’t hear what you say clearly.”可知，正是因为此刻正在外面看篮球比赛，才导致听不清对方说话，强调动作正在发生。故选C。 3．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—I haven’t seen you these days.What are you busy with? —I ________ my English Speech Competition because the next week to do this. A．am preparing for B．prepared for C．have prepared for D．will prepare for 【答案】A 【详解】——这几天没见到你, 你在忙什么呢？——我正在为英语演讲比赛做准备, 因为下周就要进行了。 考查动词时态。根据“I haven’t seen you these days.What are you busy with?”可知, 此处是我正在为英语演讲比赛做准备，所以用现在进行时态，现在进行时态的结构是：be + doing。主语是I，所以此处be应用am。故选A。 4．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）—Jim, could you help me plant some trees in the garden? —Just a minute, Dad. I ________ my dirty shoes now. A．washed B．am washing C．have washed D．was washing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——吉姆，你能帮我在花园里种些树吗？  ——稍等一下，爸爸。我现在正在洗我的脏鞋子。 考查动词时态。washed洗，过去式，一般过去时；am washing正在洗，现在进行时；have washed已经洗，现在完成时；was washing正在洗，过去进行时。根据“Just a minute, Dad.”以及“now”可知，吉姆现在正在洗鞋子，强调此时此刻正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时am washing。故选B。 5．（2025·安徽合肥·二模）Our knowledge of the universe (宇宙) ________ all the time. A．is grown B．has grown C．is growing D．was grown 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们对宇宙的知识一直在增长。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“all the time”可知，表示一段时间一直持续的一种状态，时态是现在进行时，谓语动词构成是“am/is/are+现在分词”。故选C。 三、一般将来时 构成 1.主语+will/shall+动词原形（+其他） 2.主语+be going to+动词原形（+其他） 用法及例句 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 We will come to visit you next month.我们下个月会来看你。 “be going to+动词原形” ①表示打算、计划或准备做某事 ②有预兆发生某事 I'm going to study music during the coming summer holiday.我打算在即将到来的暑假学习音乐。 Look at the clouds.There is going to be a storm.看那些云。暴风雨就要来临了。 时间状语 tomorrow、next week/month/year、in the future、in+时间段（如：in two days）、some day、from now on等 注意shall用于将来时中多用于第一人称;当疑问句中主语是I或we时,一般使用shall,表示征求对方的意见。 Where shall we meet tomorrow?明天我们在哪里见面? 1．（2025·江苏徐州·三模）“Hurry, the performance ________ in five minutes,” Amy shouted excitedly. A．started B．has started C．was starting D．will start 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“快点，演出五分钟后就要开始了，”艾米兴奋地喊道。 考查一般将来时。根据“Hurry”以及“in five minutes”可知，句子描述的是将来要发生的动作，因此需用一般将来时，其结构为“will+动词原形”。应用will start。故选D。 2．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）There _______ a song and dance show in Huai’an Xiyou World of Adventure at night. Why not ________ your classmates to see it? A．is going to be; invite B．is going to have; invite C．is going to be; to invite D．is going to have; to invite 【答案】A 【详解】句意：晚上在淮安西游冒险世界将有一场歌舞表演。为什么不邀请你的同学去看呢？ 考查there be句型的一般将来时和非谓语动词。第一空，根据空前“There”可知，此处考查there be句型，其一般将来时结构为there is going to be，排除B和D；第二空，“Why not +动词原形”是固定句型，意为“为什么不……呢？”，用于提出建议，所以这里应用动词原形，排除C。故选A。 3．（2025·江苏常州·二模）It’s reported that another big shopping center ________ here next year. A．will open B．opened C．opens D．is open 【答案】A 【详解】句意：报道，另一个大型购物中心明年将在这里开业。 考查时态和不及物动词。根据“next year”可知，空处指“大型购物中心将开业”，需一般将来时，其结构为will do，这里open为不及物动词，无宾语，不用被动语态；D项open为形容词，B、C项时态错误。故选A。 4．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）Shenzhou-20 team have been in space for a month. They ______ to the earth in October this year. A．returned B．return C．have returned D．will return 【答案】D 【详解】句意：神舟20号团队已经在太空待了一个月。他们将在今年10月返回地球。 考查时态。根据“in October this year.”可知时态需为一般将来时，结构为will+动词原形，故选D。 5．（2025·江苏南京·二模）—Amy, there ________a special sea lion show next Saturday in Hongshan Forest Zoo. —Let’s book the tickets online. I can’t wait to watch it. A．was B．has been C．is going to be D．are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——艾米，下周六在红山森林动物园将有一场特别的海狮表演。——我们在线订票吧。我等不及要看了。 考查动词时态。根据“next Saturday”可知，时态是一般将来时。故选C。 四、一般过去时 构成 1.主语+was/were+表语 2.主语+动词过去式（+其他） 用法及例句 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 I got up at eight o'clock yesterday morning.我昨天早上8点起床的。 表示过去习惯性或经常发生的动作；表示“过去常常做某事”可用“used to+动词原形” When I was a child,I often went to play in that park.我小时候常去那个公园玩。 I used to go fishing on Sundays.我过去常常星期天去钓鱼。 语境中的一般过去时，含有“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已不再这样 —Are you going anywhere?你要去哪里？ —I thought about visiting my sister,but I have changed my mind.我原本想着去拜访我的姐姐，但是我改变主意了。 在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时 Our English teacher has worked in our school since she came to China.我们的英语老师自从来到中国,就在我们学校工作。 时间状语 just now、yesterday、last week/year/month、in 2008、in the past、a few days ago、once upon a time、the other day等 1．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）—What about the young man who was running in the rain? —He ________ the case. He was just in a hurry to catch a bus. A．has nothing to do with B．had nothing to do with C．has something to do with D．had something to do with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——那个在雨中奔跑的年轻人呢？——他跟这个案子无关。他只是急着赶公交车。 考查动词短语和一般过去时。has nothing to do with与……无关，一般现在时；had nothing to do with与……无关，一般过去时；has something to do with与……有关，一般现在时；had something to do with与……有关，一般过去时。根据“He was just in a hurry to catch a bus”可知，此处在描述过去的事件，因此需要使用一般过去时，谓语应用动词have的过去式，并且此处解释了这位年轻人只是急着赶公交车，因此应与案件无关。故选B。 2．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）Xu Xiake more than 30 years travelling, mostly on foot, around China in the 17th century. A．spends B．spent C．has spent D．was spending 【答案】B 【详解】句意：17世纪时，徐霞客花了30多年的时间，大多靠步行游历中国。 考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“in the 17th century”可知，这是一个过去的时间点，句子要用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式spent。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）The number of the teachers in our school _________ bigger last term. A number of teachers _________ for over ten years now. A．grew, have worked B．grows, has worked C．grows, have worked D．grew, are working 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校老师的数量上学期增加了。许多老师现在已经工作了十多年。 考查时态和主谓一致。第一空，主语为“The number of the teachers”，“the number of”表示“……的数量”，是单数概念，谓语动词需用单数形式；时间状语“last term”表示过去时间，时态为一般过去时，因此这里应用过去式grew“增加”，排除B和C； 第二空，主语为“A number of teachers”，“a number of”表示“许多”，是复数概念，谓语动词需用复数形式；时间状语“for over ten years now”表示动作从过去持续至今，时态应用现在完成时，助动词用have，动词work的过去分词为worked，即have worked，排除D。故选A。 4．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Runyang Bridge ________ in service in 2005 and it has developed the economy between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. A．was B．is C．has been D．will be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：润扬大桥在2005年投入使用，并且它促进了扬州和镇江之间的经济发展。 考查句子时态。was一般过去时；is一般现在时；has been现在完成时；will be一般将来时。根据时间状语in 2005可知，此处描述润扬大桥在过去的某个时间开始服役，应使用一般过去时。故选A。 5．（2025·江苏南京·三模）As a form of art, ice sculpture ________ in 1892. The famous French chef Auguste Escoffier made a fantastic swan out of ice. A．begins B．began C．has begun D．is beginning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——作为一种艺术形式，冰雕始于1892年。著名的法国厨师奥古斯特·埃斯科菲耶用冰制作了一只精美的天鹅。    考查动词时态辨析。begins一般现在时；began一般过去时；has begun现在完成时；is beginning现在进行时。根据“As a form of art, ice sculpture ... in 1892.”可知，此处说的是冰雕在1892年开始出现，表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，故选B。 五、过去进行时 构成 主语+was/were+动词-ing形式 用法及例句 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态 I was playing basketball with my father at 10 o'clock yesterday morning.昨天上午10点,我正在和我的爸爸打篮球。 go、come、leave、arrive、start等动词用在过去进行时中表示过去按计划即将发生的动作 She told me she was leaving that night.她告诉我她那晚就要走了。 句中含有when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行 I was listening to music when my mother came in.妈妈进来时，我正在听音乐。 句中含有while引导的时间状语从句，主从句动作在过去某个时间同时发生且有对比意义，则主从句谓语动词都使用过去进行时 I was helping my mother with housework while my brother was playing games.我在帮妈妈做家务的时候，弟弟在玩游戏。 时间状语 at that time/moment、at this time yesterday、过去的具体时间（如at 9 o'clock yesterday morning）等 1．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）I didn’t hear the knock on the door just now because I ________ an exciting football match. A．watched B．have watched C．will watch D．was watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我刚才没有听到敲门声，因为我正在看一场激动人心的足球比赛。 考查动词的时态。watched看，是一般过去时；have watched已经看了，是现在完成时；will watch将要看，是一般将来时；was watching正在看，是过去进行时。根据“I didn’t hear the knock on the door just now”可知，我刚才没有听到敲门声，因为我正在看一场激动人心的足球比赛。此处表示过去的某个时间正在做某事，应该用过去进行时。故选D。 2．（2025·江苏南京·二模）—Our local dance show Dream of the Red Chamber is so hot. —Indeed. I ________ for tickets the whole morning. Luckily, I finally got one! A．fights B．will fight C．have fought D．was fighting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们当地的舞蹈节目《红楼梦》非常火爆。——确实如此。我整个上午都在奋力抢票。幸运的是，我终于得到了一张！ 考查时态。根据“the whole morning”可知此处表示过去某个时间段一直在做某事，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选D。 3．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）When I _______ in the college, I joined the Students’ Union. A．study B．am studying C．have studied D．was studying 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在我上大学的时候，我加入了学生会。 考查动词的时态。根据“I joined the Students’ Union.”可知，“在上大学”是过去正在发生的动作，应该用过去进行时was/were doing。故选D。 4．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—Helen, I didn’t see you in the library at 5 p. m. yesterday. —I ________ singing for the School Art Festival at that time. A．have practiced B．was practicing C．practiced D．will practice 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——海伦，我昨天下午5点在图书馆没看见你。——那个时候我正在为学校艺术节练习唱歌。 考查过去进行时。根据“at 5 p. m. yesterday”和“at that time”可知，此处指昨天下午5点那个时候正在做的事情，应该用过去进行时。故选B。 5．（2025·北京门头沟·二模）When Mr. Smith came into the classroom, we ________ the maths problem. A．were discussing B．will discuss C．have discussed D．discuss 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当史密斯先生走进教室时，我们正在讨论数学题。 考查动词时态。were discussing过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作；will discuss一般将来时，表示将来的动作；have discussed现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果；discuss一般现在时，表示经常性、习惯性的动作或客观事实。根据语境 “When Mr. Smith came into the classroom,”，强调过去某个具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选A。 六、现在完成时 构成 主语+have/has+过去分词（+其他） 用法及例句 表示动作发生在过去，到说话之前已经完成，侧重于该动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。（现在知道了电影内容） 表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去；常和“for+时间段”或“since+过去的时间点”连用 I have studied English for 8 years.我已经学了八年英语了。（也许还会继续学下去） He has lived in Hangzhou since he was born.从出生起他就住在杭州。（也许还会继续住在杭州） 用法及例句 表示到现在为止某个动作发生了几次 I have already read this book many times.我已经读过很多遍这本书了。 时间状语 already（肯定句）、yet（否定句，疑问句）、just、ever、never、for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、so far、up to now、over the past、last few years、recently、lately等 易错警示 现在完成时中的延续性和非延续性动词 非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,需要转换为同义的延续性动词。 表达“我离开家乡已有10年了。” （误）I have left my hometown for 10 years. （正）I have been away from my hometown for 10 years. 归纳总结 初中阶段常见非延续性动词（短语）与延续性动词（短语）的转换： 非延续性动词（短语） 延续性动词（短语） 非延续性动词（短语） 延续性动词（短语） arrive in/arrive at/reach be+in/at... fall ill/fall asleep be ill/be asleep begin/start be on finish/end be over borrow keep go be there buy have join be in/be a member of... catch a cold have a cold leave be away（from...） close be closed lose not have/be out of come be here open be open die be dead wake up be awake 易错警示 1.have been to、have gone to和have been in的区别 易混结构 含义及用法 例句 have been to 表示“曾去过某地”，说话时已经离开 I have been to New York twice.我曾去过纽约两次。（人已不在纽约） have gone to 表示“已去了某地”，说话时不在说话人的地点，或在去某地的途中，或已到了某地 Jim has gone to New York with his family.吉姆和他的家人去了纽约。（人还没回来） have been in 表示“已在某地（待了多久）” The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约已有三年了。 2.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 时态 用法说明 例句 一般过去时 一般强调过去某个时间或某段时间曾有过某个动作，现已结束（与现在没有任何联系） I wrote a letter yesterday evening.（表示写的动作结束） 现在完成时 过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；过去持续到现在的动作或状态；到现在为止动作完成了若干次（动作与过去和现在都有联系） —Do you want to see this film with me tonight? —I have seen the film already.（说明“看”这个动作发生在过去，“我”现在不想去或不想再看一遍了） 1．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—It has been ten years since we met each other for the first time. —How time flies! I can’t believe that we ________ friends for ten years. A．made B．have made C．have been D．are making 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——自从我们第一次见面已经十年了。——时间过得真快！我不敢相信我们已经做了十年朋友了。 考查现在完成时表示持续状态的用法。made成为，过去式；have made已经成为，现在完成时，短暂性动词；have been已经成为/一直是，现在完成时，延续性动词；are making正在成为，现在进行时。根据“for ten years”可知，表示持续的时间段，需与表示延续状态的现在完成时连用。故选C。 2．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）—I can’t believe the young couple ________ that European country. —But it’s quite true. They came back last week and chatted with me about their stories. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我真不敢相信那对年轻夫妇去过那个欧洲国家。——但这是真的。他们上周回来和我聊了聊他们的故事。 考查动词时态。have gone to到某地去了，还没有回来；have been to去过某地，已经回来了；have arrived in到达；have been in在某地。根据“I can’t believe the young couple …that European country.”及“They came back last week and chatted with me about their stories.”可知，此处表示那对年轻夫妇去过那个欧洲国家，并且已经回来了。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏徐州·三模）—Will you watch the movie with us tonight? —No, I ________ the film twice. A．will see B．have seen C．saw D．was seeing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今晚你愿意和我们一起看电影吗？——不，我已经看过这部电影两次了。 考查时态。根据“the film twice”可知，是表达已经看过两次，用现在完成时。故选B。 4．（2025·江苏常州·三模）—Where is your sister? —She ________ Canada for three months. A．has gone to B．had gone to C．has been to D．has been in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你姐姐在哪里？——她去加拿大三个月了。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地还未回来，现在完成时；had gone to去了某地还未回来，过去完成时；has been to去过某地已经回来，现在完成时；has been in待在某地，现在完成时。根据“for three months”可知，应用现在完成时，表示“已经在加拿大待了三个月了”，故选D。 考点2动词的语态 一、基本概述 语态是谓语动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系，包含主动语态和被动语态两种形式。当主语是动作的执行者时，用主动语态；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 被动语态由“主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（done）”构成。 二、使用被动语态的几种情况 三、几种常见的被动语态 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 主语+am/is/are+实义动词的过去分词（+by其他） The room is cleaned by her.这个房间被她打扫。 You are wanted on the phone.有你的电话。 一般过去时 主语+助动词was/were+实义动词的过去分词（+by+其他） The window was broken by Tom.窗户被汤姆打破了。 一般将来时 主语+will/shall+助动词be+实义动词的过去分词（+by+其他） The building will be built by them next month.这座建筑下个月将由他们建造。 主语+am/is/are going to+助动词be+实义动词的过去分词（+by+其他） The task is going to be finished by us.这项任务将要被我们完成。 现在进行时 主语+助动词was/were+being+实义动词的过去分词（+by+其他） The cake is being baked,so please be patient.蛋糕正在烤，所以请耐心点儿。 过去进行时 主语+助动词was/were+being+实义动词的过去分词（+by+其他） The bridge was being built when we went there the other day.那天我们去那里时，这座桥正在建设中。 现在完成时 主语+助动词have/has+been+实义动词的过去分词（+by+其他） The book has been read by many students.这本书已经被许多学生读过了。 注意含有情态动词的句子被动语态结构为：情态动词+助动词be+实义动词的过去分词。只含有系动词的句子无被动语态，含有实义动词的句子才有被动语态。 四、特殊用法——主动表被动 1.部分不及物动词 open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词且主语为物时，可用主动语态表示被动含义，说明主语的性质和特征。 This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 This kind of shirt sells well here.这种衬衫在这里卖得好。 2.系动词主动表被动 look、sound、taste、smell、feel等系动词用主动形式表示被动含义。 School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。 The cake smells delicious.这个蛋糕闻起来很香。 1．（2025·江苏南京·三模）—You’re looking very smart in a new suit today. —Thanks. But to tell you the truth, I ________ it for quite a few years. A．had B．bought C．have had D．have bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你今天穿新西装看起来非常帅气。——谢谢。但说实话，我已经穿这套西装好几年了。 考查动词时态及延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法。had有，过去式；bought买，过去式；have had现在完成时；have bought现在完成时。句中时间状语“for quite a few years”表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词），buy为非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，have“拥有”为延续性动词，可以与时间段连用，表示状态的持续。故选C。 2．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）The Chinese Spring Festival ________ on the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on December 4, 2024. A．includes B．has included C．was included D．has been included 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在2024年12月4日，中国春节被列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“The Chinese Spring Festival”和动词include之间是被动关系；又根据时间状语“on December 4, 2024”可知，该句应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为单数，be动词用was，故选C。 3．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）—It takes me nearly two hours on the way to work. It makes me very upset. —Don’t worry. It will become much more convenient when the underground ________ next year. A．builds B．will build C．is built D．will be built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我上班路上要花近两个小时。这让我很沮丧。——别担心。明年地铁建成后会方便得多。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。when引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句要用一般现在时，且“the underground”与“build”之间是被动关系，即地铁被建造，所以用一般现在时的被动语态is built。故选C。 4．（2025·江苏连云港·二模）The future of education _________ greatly as AI technologies develop quickly. A．influences B．is influenced C．will be influenced D．was influenced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：随着人工智能技术的快速发展，教育的未来将受到极大影响。 考查动词时态和语态，influences一般现在时主动语态；is influenced一般现在时被动语态；will be influenced一般将来时被动语态；was influenced一般过去时被动语态。根据“as AI technologies develop quickly”及“future”可知，动作发生在将来，且“教育的未来”与“影响”为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。 5．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）— It’s said that iQIYI Land ________ in Yangzhou since March, 2025. — Really? It will become a new popular attraction in our hometown. A．has built B．were built C．will be built D．has been built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——据说爱奇艺乐园自2025年3月起已在扬州开建。——真的吗？它将成为我们家乡的新热门景点。 考查现在完成时被动语态。根据“since March, 2025”可知，句子用现在完成时，iQIYI Land与build之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故选D。 6．（2025·江苏南京·一模）In order to build a beautiful China and make the nation even greener, bad habits like wasting water should ________. A．avoid B．be avoided C．cancel D．be cancelled 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了建设美丽中国并使国家更加绿色，浪费水等坏习惯应该被避免。 考查被动语态。根据“bad habits like wasting water should...”可知，此处表达坏习惯应该被避免，情态动词的被动语态，should be avoided“应该被避免”。故选B。 考点3主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 一、语法一致原则 1.主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数。 They are playing basketball in the park.他们正在公园里打篮球。 She usually gets up at six thirty.她通常在六点半起床。 2.动词不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Using public chopsticks is necessary when eating with others.当与他人一起吃饭时，使用公筷是必要的。 3.复合不定代词somebody、something、anybody、anything、everybody、everything、nobody、nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Everyone is here.Let's go.每个人都到了。我们走吧。 4.“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数；“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 A number of wild elephants are moving towards the north.许多野生象正在向北方迁移。 The number of the students in our class is fifty-four.我们班的学生数量是54。 1．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）—How many students are there in your school? —________ the students in our school ________ over 1,500. A． The number of; is B．The number of; are C．A number of; is D．A number of; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你们学校有多少学生？——我们学校的学生人数超过1500人。 考查主谓一致。the number of……的数目；a number of许多。根据“...the students in our school ... over 1,500.”可知，此处强调学生数目，用the number of，排除CD；此处强调总数，be动词用is。故选A。 2．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）Neither Jim nor Tom ________ France before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吉姆和汤姆以前都没去过法国，但他们对这个国家非常了解。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。has gone to去了某地，主语为第三人称单数；has been to去过某地，主语是第三人称单数；have gone to去了某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数；have been to去过某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数。根据“Neither Jim nor Tom ... France before”可知，吉姆和汤姆以前没去过法国，表示“去过某地”应用have/has been to；“neither... nor...”连接两个主语时，遵循“就近原则”，Tom是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏常州·一模）The population in some European countries ________ these years. Many young people are moving to big cities. A．are getting smaller B．is getting smaller C．is getting less D．are getting larger 【答案】B 【详解】句意：近年来，一些欧洲国家的人口正在减少。许多年轻人正在搬到大城市。 考查主谓一致。The population作主语，谓语动词用单数，根据“Many young people are moving to big cities.”可知，是人口变少了，用small的比较级smaller。故选B。 4．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）Which of the following sentence has the same mistake as “People depend natural resources to live”? A．Coal, oil and natural gas is useful, not only for families, but for factories. B．As a result, it is very important for us to use them wise. C．If they are used and thrown careless, some of them will run out. D．We should try produce less waste, reuse or recycle things if possible. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下面哪个句子与“People depend natural resources to live”有同样的错误？ 考查动词短语及主谓一致。“People depend natural resources to live”中缺少介词“on”，depend on sth.“依靠某物”；A选项中be动词使用错误，“is”应改为“are”；B选项中单词使用错误，修饰动词应用副词，“wise”应改为“wisely”；C选项需用副词修饰动词，“careless”应改为“carelessly”；D选项中缺少“to”，设法做某事“try to do sth.”。因此选项D的句子和所给句子存在缺少介词的错误。故选D。 5．（2024·江苏淮安·一模）My bedroom looks very tidy because it ________ by my mother every day. A．clean B．cleaned C．is cleaned D．are cleaned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的卧室看起来很整洁，因为我妈妈每天都打扫。 考查被动语态。“It”指代上句中的“bedroom”，“it”和“clean”构成被动关系，故用被动语态，由“every day”可知，该句是一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是it，be动词用is。故选C。 二、意义一致原则 1.集体名词（如family、team、crowd、class、group、government等）作主语时，如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数。 Our family does not use this silver plate very often.我们家并不经常使用这个银盘子。 It's 9:00 a.m.and Zhu Hui's family are at home.现在是上午9点，朱辉的家人都在家。 2.表示时间、价格、重量、数目、长度等意义的词或短语作主语时,通常将其看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。 Two months is a long time.两个月是一段很长的时间。 注意有些名词形式上以s结尾,却是不可数名词,这类名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。如news、physics、maths等。 News of a serious road accident is just coming in.刚收到一则重大交通事故的消息。 1．（2023·江苏盐城·一模）—Three months ___________quite a long time. —Yes, I'm afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A．are B．was C．is D．were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——三个月是相当长的一段时间。——是的，恐怕他将会错过很多课。 考查主谓一致。本句是主系表结构，主语Three months是一个整体， three months这里应该是three months time，意思是“三个月的时间”；时间，距离，长度表示一个整体的概念，视为单数，系动词需用is。故选C。 2．（2024·江苏淮安·一模）—There ______ a lot of people over there. What is happening? —The students are selling DIY cards to raise money. A．are B．is C．has D．have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——那边有很多人。发生什么事了？——学生们在卖自制卡片筹钱。 考查there be句型。there are+可数名词复数+介词短语；there is+可数名词单数/不可数名词+介词短语。people为集合名词，相当于可数名词复数，因此空处应是are。故选A。 3．（2023·江苏盐城·一模）It is reported that half of the China’s population __________ working in cities in 2015 to make money． A．are B．is C．was D．were 【答案】D 【详解】句意：据报道，2015年中国有一半的人口在城市上班挣钱。 考查主谓一致及时态。population常与定冠词the连用。作主语用时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。当主语是表示人口百分之几时，谓语用复数。再由in 2015可知应用一般过去时。故选D。 4．（2024·江苏南通·一模）—There are so many swimmers swimming in the swimming pool. —Yes, and sixty percent        _ children. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在游泳池里有那么多游泳者正在游泳。——是的，而且百分之六十是孩子。根据谓语are可知此处用一般现在时，故排除CD两项。此处的sixty percent代指的是百分之六十的游泳者，故谓语用复数形式，故选B。 5．（2024·江苏扬州·一模）Half of the class _______ done most of the work. The left ________ rather difficult. A．has; is B．have; is C．have; are D．has; are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：班上有一半人完成了大部分工作。剩下的稍微难点。考查动词时态辨析题。half of the class班上一半的学生，是复数人称，需用have+done构成现在完成时，可排除AD两项。the left剩下的（另一半），也是复数人称，系词需用are，可排除AB选项。根据句意语境，可知选C。 三、就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词用单数还是用复数取决于最靠近它的主语。常见的遵循就近原则的句型和结构有：There be句型,...or...,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but（also）...。 There is a book and two rulers on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两把尺子。 Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅那位老师而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 知识拓展 主谓一致之“就远原则” A as well as B表示“A和B”,B部分为附带成分,谓语动词的数与A部分一致;同样的结构还有A with B、A together with B、A along with B、A except B、A except B等。 My brother as well as my parents has gone to America for a holiday.我弟弟和我父母去美国度假了。 We except Mr.Smith have seen the film.除史密斯先生外，我们都看过这部电影。 1．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The journey was so tiring that Daniel thought it was worth ________ time ________ the money. A．both; and B．neither; nor C．either; or D．not only; but also 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这次旅行太累人了，丹尼尔觉得不值得花时间和金钱。 考查连词辨析。both...and两者都；neither...nor既不……也不；either...or或者……或者；not only...but also不但……而且。根据“The journey was so tiring”可知旅行太累人了，所以他认为不值得花时间和金钱，用neither...nor连接。故选B。 2．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）Neither Millie nor Shirley ________ Australia before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Millie和Shirley以前都没有去过澳大利亚，但是她们对那个国家非常了解。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。have gone to去了某地（还没回来）；have been to去过某地（回来了）。根据句意可知，这里表示“去过某地”，Neither…nor连接并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式应根据就近原则，与Shirley一致，用单数。故选B。 3．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）—Mum, I am hungry. —There ________ some bread and two eggs on the table. A．are B．is C．have D．has 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我饿了。 ——桌上有一些面包和两个鸡蛋。 考查主谓一致。该句为“there be”句型，遵循“就近原则”，空后主语“bread”为不可数名词，be动词应用is。故选B。 4．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）If there ______ no buying and selling of animals, there ______ no killing. A．is, is B．will be, will be C．is; will be D．will be; is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果没有买卖动物，就不会有杀戮。 考查if引导的条件状语从句。在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。故第一空填is，第二空填will be。故选C。 5．（2023·江苏南京·一模）Try to be the master of your life. Life is a horse and ________ you ride it ________ it rides you. A．neither; nor B．either; or C．both; and D．not only; but also 【答案】B 【详解】句意：试着做自己生活的主人。生活就像一匹马，要么你驾驭它，要么它驾驭你。 考查连词辨析。neither...nor既不……也不……；either...or...要么……要么……；both...and两者都；not only...but also...不但……而且……。根据“...you ride it...it rides you”可知，要么你驾驭它，要么它驾驭你。故选B。 综合训练 一．单句语法填空 1．（2023·江苏南京·二模）Kevin is a fan of Jackie Chan,  a large picture of him still (hang) from his bedroom wall. 【答案】is hanging 【详解】句意：凯文是成龙的粉丝，卧室墙上还挂着一张他的大照片。hang“悬挂”，本题考查现在进行时表示目前正处于的状态，其结构是be doing，故填is hanging。 2．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）The young director, who (direct) at least 10 films so far, is well-known in the film industry. 【答案】has directed 【详解】句意：这位年轻的导演到目前为止已经导演了至少10部电影，在电影界很有名气。direct“导演”，根据“so far”可知，此处用现在完成时，形式为“have/has+过去分词”；定语从句的先行词the young director是第三人称单数，所以助动词为has，direct的过去分词为directed，故填has directed。 3．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）About three quarters of the population in China (be) farmers twenty years ago. 【答案】were 【详解】句意：大约二十年前，中国有四分之三的人口是农民。“twenty years ago”提示此处句子是一般过去时；population“人口”是集合名词，当句子主语是“分数/百分数+of+population”时，主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数，此处be动词应用were。故填were。 4．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）I learnt from the physics class gravity (keep) our feet on the ground on the earth. 【答案】keeps 【详解】句意：我从物理课上学到重力让我们的脚在地球上保持在地面上。根据“gravity…our feet on the ground on the earth”可知，此处是陈述客观事实，宾语从句中应用一般现在时；主语gravity是第三人称单数，谓语动词用keeps符合语境。故填keeps。 5．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）An apple from the tree and hit me on my way home. (fall) 【答案】fell 【详解】句意：在我回家的路上一个苹果从树上掉下来，砸到了我。根据“on my way home”可知，该句的时态是一般过去时，故动词要用过去式，fall“落下”的过去式是fell。故填fell。 6．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Our personal information (steal) if we are not careful enough on the Internet. 【答案】will be stolen 【详解】句意：如果我们在互联网上不够小心，我们的个人信息就会被盗。该句是if引导的条件状语从句，主语用一般将来时，“our personal information”是动作的承受者，因此需用一般将来时的被动语态“will be+过去分词”，故填will be stolen。 7．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Every time we Chinese need help in a foreign country, at our back always (stand) a strong motherland. 【答案】stands 【详解】句意：每当我们中国人在国外需要帮助的时候，我们的背后都有一个强大的祖国。根据题意可知此处是倒装句，主语是a strong motherland，这里是一般现在时态，谓语动词变第三人称单数，stand是动词，表示站立，故填stands。 8．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Last term, Mr Liu (teach) us English for three months. 【答案】taught 【详解】句意：上学期，刘老师教了我们三个月英语。根据“Last term”可知，动作发生在过去，所以谓语动词要用过去式。teach的过去式是taught。故填taught。 9．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—Don’t make any noise. The baby is sleeping. —There is no need. He (wake) up. 【答案】has woken 【详解】句意：——别出声，宝宝正在睡觉呢。——没必要，他已经醒了。根据“There is no need. He...up.”可知，因为已经醒了，所以没必要避声了，用现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语是He，助动词用has，故填has woken。 10．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—I didn’t see you at the party last night, Anna. We (expect) you then. —Oh, really? I was too busy and forgot all about it. 【答案】were expecting 【详解】句意：——安娜，我昨晚在派对上没看到你。我们那时一直在盼着你呢。——哦，真的吗？我太忙了，把这事全忘了。根据“last night及语境”可知，“盼你”动作在派对时持续进行，用过去进行时，结构“was/were + 现在分词”，主语“We”，be动词用“were”，“expect”的现在分词是“expecting”。故填were expecting。 11．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）Because of the heavy fog, most of the flights have been (cancel). 【答案】cancelled/canceled 【详解】句意：由于大雾，大部分航班已被取消。cancel“取消”，为动词；根据“most of the flights have been”可知，这里表示大部分航班已被取消，为被动语态，应用动词的过去分词。故填cancelled/canceled。 12．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）—Who do you think (mistake) for the real princess by people? —Hepburn was. 【答案】was mistaken 【详解】句意：——你认为谁被人们误认为是真正的公主？——是赫本。根据“Who do you think...for the real princess by people?”可知，此处表示“被误认为”，需用被动语态；答语“Hepburn was”提示时态为一般过去时，“who”作主语时，被动语态的结构为“was+过去分词”，“mistake”的过去分词是“mistaken”，故填was mistaken。 13．（2024·江苏盐城·二模）Every year, about 750,000 cars _______________(produce)in this factory 【答案】are produced 【详解】分析句意：每一年，在这个工厂大约有七十五万辆小汽车被生产。分析：考查被动语态的用法，构成为be done（动词的过去分词），时间为每一年，体现为一般现在时的被动词态。故填are produced。 14．（2022·江苏无锡·一模）To keep safe, everyone (tell) to wear a seat belt in the car now. 【答案】is told 【详解】此题重点考查单词的拼写和各种形式的运用。以及对整个语句的理解 15．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）He (punish) because he broke the rules. 【答案】was punished 【详解】句意：他因为违反规定被惩罚了。 根据“because he broke the rules”可知，“broke”是过去式，表明动作发生在过去，且“he”和“punish”是被动关系，即他被惩罚，主语为三单，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态“was punished”。故填was punished。 16．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）Not only my parents but my little sister (prepare) for the birthday party when I got home. 【答案】was preparing 【详解】句意：当我回家时，不仅我的父母，而且我的小妹妹都在为生日聚会做准备。prepare动词，意为“准备”；根据“when I got home”可知，当我回家时，他们“正在准备”，句子发生在过去，并且是过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，结构是was/were doing；not only...but also不仅……而且……，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致，因此是was preparing。故填was preparing。 17．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）Not only the teachers but also one of the top students (attend) the meeting this time yesterday. 【答案】was attending     【详解】句意：不仅老师们，还有一名尖子生昨天这个时候也在参加会议。Not only...but also... 连接两个主语，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与靠近的主语（one of the top students）保持一致，这里用单数。再根据“this time yesterday.”可知，时态是过去进行时，谓语结构是was doing。故填was attending。 18．（2025·江苏无锡·二模）Cheer up, guys! There (be) always a reason to smile, even on the hardest days. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：振作起来，伙计们！即使在最艰难的日子里，也总有理由微笑。此处描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是a reason，be动词用is。故填is。 19．（2025·江苏无锡·一模）Be careful with electricity since danger (lie) in the way you use it. 【答案】lies 【详解】句意：小心用电，因为危险在于你使用它的方式。此处描述的是客观事实，句子时态为一般现在时，空处所在句的主语为“danger”，用三单形式lies。故填lies。 20．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Lily as well as her family (climb) the green mountain nearby at this time of year. 【答案】climbs 【详解】句意：莉莉和她的家人在每年的这个时候都会去爬附近的青山。as well as和……一样，其连接两个名词时，谓语动词应与第一个名词主语保持一致。再根据时间状语“at this time of year”可知，本句是一般现在时态，主语Lily是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，climb第三人称单数形式是climbs。故填climbs。 二．语法填空 A （2024·江苏苏州·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，在标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you noticed more cherries on your dinner table this winter? The price of cherries in Beijing has dropped by 30 to 50 percent 1 December 2023. In fact, keeping cherries fresh is challenging because it 2 (need) excellent ports and transportation (运输). Only ports in Shanghai and Guangdong could manage it before. It took 2 days to transport cherries from the south to the 3 (northern), making it costly for people in northern parts to enjoy fresh cherries. The “Cherry Express” from Chile to Tianjin is the first direct sea route (航线). Tianjin has opened a fast line for cherry ships from Chile, 4 (save) 2 hours for port in and out. At the container terminal (集装箱码头), all three production lines are used, making sure that each cherry container is 5 (deal）with in 20 minutes. Through these efforts, cherries can reach 6 (market) in Hebei and Beijing in 5 hours. Besides local efforts, 7 (fast) transportation comes from closer economic (经济的) and trade ties between China 8 countries taking part in the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议). According to 2023 data, Chile’s cherry exports (出口) to China have grown by about 29 percent every year in 9 past 7 years. Because of closer trade cooperation (合作), cherries can now reach Chinese consumers at lower prices, helping 10 (they) enjoy “cherry freedom”. 【答案】1．since 2．needs 3．north 4．saving 5．dealt 6．markets 7．faster 8．and 9．the 10．them 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国市场上樱桃价格下降的原因。 1．句意：自2023年12月以来，北京的樱桃价格下降了30%至50%。根据“The price of cherries in Beijing has dropped”可知，句子的时态为现在完成时，结合空后“December 2023”可知，自从2023年12月，北京樱桃的价格开始下降，此处填since，表示“自从”。故填since。 2．句意：事实上，保持樱桃新鲜是一项挑战，因为它需要良好的港口和运输。根据“keeping cherries fresh is challenging”可知，句子的时态为一般现在时，主语为it，此处用动词三单。故填needs。 3．句意：从南方到北方运输樱桃花了2天的时间，这使得北方人享受新鲜樱桃的成本很高。根据“from the south to the...”可知，此处需填一个名词，northern“北方的”，为形容词，其名词为north“北方”。故填north。 4．句意：天津为来自智利的樱桃船开通了快速航线，为进出港节省了2个小时。根据“Tianjin has opened a fast line for cherry ships from Chile...2 hours for port in and out.”可知，空处所在的句子在整个句子中作状语，主语与save之间是主动关系，所以空处用现在分词形式。故填saving。 5．句意：在集装箱码头，三条生产线全部投入使用，确保每个樱桃集装箱在20分钟内处理完毕。根据“making sure that each cherry container is...with in 20 minutes”可知，此处为一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be+过去分词，deal的过去分词为dealt。故填dealt。 6．句意：通过这些努力，樱桃可以在5小时内到达河北和北京的市场。market“市场”，可数名词，根据“cherries can reach...in Hebei and Beijing in 5 hours”可知，此处用复数形式。故填markets。 7．句意：除了地方努力之外，更快的交通还来自更紧密的经济以及中国与“一带一路”倡议国家的贸易关系。根据“closer economic”可知，空处也用形容词的比较级。故填faster。 8．句意：除了地方努力之外，更快的交通还来自更紧密的经济以及中国与“一带一路”倡议国家的贸易关系。根据“trade ties between China...countries taking part in the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路倡议)”可知，此处为between...and...，表示“……和……之间”。故填and。 9．句意：根据2023年的数据，智利的樱桃对中国的出口在过去的7年里，每年增长约29%。根据“in...past 7 years”可知，此处缺少定冠词the。故填the。 10．句意：因为更紧密的贸易合作，樱桃现在可以以更低的价格到达中国消费者手中，帮助他们享受“樱桃自由”。根据空前helping可知，空处要用人称代词宾格形式，they“他们”，为主格，其宾格形式为them。故填them。 B （2024·江苏泰州·三模）Many traditional woodcut prints (版画) are either black and white or simple in colour, but reduction woodcuts (绝版木刻) can show rich colours. The reduction woodcut uses one piece of wood to make a 1 (colour) artwork. The artist cuts and prints different layers (层) in order on the same piece of wood. The reduction woodcuts became an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in Pu’er, Yunnan, 2 2009. Leng Guangmian, in his 3 (forty), is a reduction woodcut artist. Leng started learning it in 2003. He said that making reduction woodcut prints is just like an adventure. “Every time we cut on the wood and then print, we never know 4 it will be like in the end.” Finishing such work is not easy. He said that before cutting, he needs to plan for 5 whole print and choose colours for different layers. A big print usually takes months to finish. Leng hopes that both woodcutting skills and the life in Pu’er 6 (show) through his creative artwork. “For my works, there are two themes: Tea Horse Road (茶马古道), because Pu’er is one of the starting places of that road; and disappearing villages,” Leng said. “Many old villages in Pu’er need 7 (build) again. As a result, I want to make people remember their 8 (beautiful) before they are gone.” Leng Guangmian is now getting more people 9 (know) about the reduction woodcut. He trains farmers in Pu’er and brings the art into schools. To make students understand the art better and learn it more quickly, he even thought of a new idea of cardboard printing. “By using a smaller cardboard and making it 10 (simple) with three to five colours, students can get the charm of the art,” Leng said. Nowadays, the popularity of Chinese traditional works of art is increasing. At an art museum in Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu Province, the woodcut prints are taking center stage for the first time. 【答案】1．colourful 2．in 3．forties 4．what 5．the 6．will be shown 7．to be built 8．beauty 9．to know 10．simpler 【导语】本文介绍了非物质文化遗产——绝版木刻，以及绝版木刻艺术家冷光冕。 1．句意：绝版木刻用一块木板来制作一幅五颜六色的艺术作品。根据“make a...artwork”可知，本空为形容词作定语，应该填写colour的形容词。故填colourful。 2．句意：绝版木刻于2009年在云南省普洱市成为了非物质文化遗产。表示“在某年”时，年份前面应该用介词in。故填in。 3．句意：冷光冕在40多岁时是一位绝版木刻艺术家。“in one’s+整十数的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”，本空应该填forty的复数形式。故填forties。 4．句意：每次我们在木头上刻画时，我们都不知道最后它会是什么样。根据“we never know...it will be like in the end.”可知，本空应该填宾语从句的引导词，在从句中作介词like的宾语；从句表示“最后它会是什么样”。故填what。 5．句意：他说在雕刻之前，他需要计划整幅画，为不同的图层选择颜色。根据“before cutting, he needs to plan for...whole print”可知，本空缺少限定词，whole print表示特指，前面应该用定冠词。故填the。 6．句意：冷光冕希望木刻技艺和普洱的生活都能通过他有创造性的艺术作品展现出来。根据“both woodcutting skills and the life in Pu’er...through his creative artwork”可知，本空缺少谓语动词，主语“skills and the life”和谓语show之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应该用被动语态；根据主句中的谓语动词“hopes”可知，从句应该用一般将来时。所以本空应该填写一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be shown。 7．句意：很多普洱老旧的村子需要重建。need to do sth.表示“需要做某事”，本空应该填写不定式；主语villages和谓语build之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应该用被动语态。所以本空应该填写不定式的被动形式。故填to be built。 8．句意：因此，我想在它们消失之前让人们记住它们的美。根据“remember their...before they are gone”可知，本空缺少宾语，应该填写beautiful的名词形式。故填beauty。 9．句意：如今冷光冕让更多的人了解了绝版木刻。get sb. to do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，根据“getting more people...about the reduction woodcut”可知，本空应该填写know的不定式。故填to know。 10．句意：冷光冕说：“通过使用更小的纸板，用三到五种颜色将其简化，学生们就能感受到艺术的魅力。”and连接两个并列结构，根据“using a smaller cardboard and making it”可知，本空应该填写simple的比较级形式。故填simpler。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $