专题05 名词考点归纳-2026届中考英语总复习（牛津译林版）

该初中英语中考复习知识清单系统归纳了名词考点，涵盖分类与功能、数、所有格三大核心范畴，通过考点讲练结合真题实例，构建从基础分类到特殊用法的递进式复习架构。 清单以表格对比呈现规则与不规则变化，标注集体名词等重难点，设“技巧点拨”指导名词填空判断，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。配套随堂训练含选择、填空等题型，助力学生自主巩固，为教师教学提供系统资源支持。

专题05名词考点归纳 考点导览 考点讲练 考点1名词的分类与功能 一、名词的分类 1.普通名词 类别 含义 例词 可数名词 个体名词 表示个体的人或事物的词 teacher，dictionary 集体名词 表示一群人或一类事物的词 family，police，class 不可数名词 物质名词 表示物质或材料的词 rice，glass（玻璃），water 抽象名词 表示性质、特征、行为、状态、情感或其他抽象概念的词 kindness，peace，truth 知识拓展 集体名词 family、team、group、class等词形式上为单数，但可表示单数和复数两种意义。当强调整体时，谓语动词用单数；当强调集体中的每个成员时，谓语动词用复数。 （1）Every family has its own story to tell.每个家庭都有自己的故事要讲。 （2）All my family enjoy skiing.我们全家人都喜欢滑雪。 The police____（be）in control of the terrible situation an hour ago. 2.专有名词 表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织、节日等名称的词，如Oxford University、the Yangtze River、New Year's Day等。 二、名词的功能和位置 1.作主语（位于句首） （1）[2024扬州]New____________have greatly changed（注意动词形式为原形）our lives.（技术） （2）[2025南京一模]Another good______（choose）is to reuse things made of glass and paper. 2.作动词的宾语（位于动词之后） （1）[2025无锡一模]Our headmaster invited two students to share their________（动词后作宾语）（speech）on teamwork. （2）In order to help me have a healthy diet,my friend gives me good a（在双宾语动词后作直接宾语）on how to cook tasty vegetables.I am on my way to a healthier lifestyle. 3.作介词的宾语（位于介词之后） （1）After a heated________（讨论）,the headmasters from different schools reached an agreement. 技巧点拨 如何判断一个空处该填名词 除了通过分析句子所缺成分（如例1和例3）来判断之外，还可以通过空前的限定词（如例5的a）和形容词（如例4的good）进行判断，因为限定词和形容词通常和名词密不可分。 考点2名词的数 一、单数可数名词变复数的变化规则 1.规则变化 规则 例词 一般情况加-s（在清辅音后的s读/s/，在浊辅音和元音后的s读/z/，以ce、se、ge结尾的名词加-s后词尾读/ɪz/） desk—desks，dog—dogs，apple—apples，boy—boys 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加-es（-es读作/ɪz/） class—classes，box—boxes，brush—brushes （特例:stomach—stomachs） 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，把y变为i,再加-es（-ies读作/ɪz/） country—countries，city—cities 以f或fe结尾的名词，多数把f或fe变为v,再加-es（-ves读作/vz/） wife—wives，leaf—leaves 以o结尾的名词，无生命的通常在词尾加-s,有生命的通常加-es（-es读作/z/） radio—radios，photo—photos （特例：kangaroo—kangaroos） hero—heroes，potato—potatoes，tomato—tomatoes （口诀：英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆） 2.不规则变化 情况 例词 改变名词中的元音字母 man—men,woman—women，foot—feet,tooth—teeth 单复数形式相同 sheep—sheep,deer—deer，series—series,aircraft—aircraft 某国人 （变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面） Chinese—Chinese，Japanese—Japanese Englishman—Englishmen，Frenchman—Frenchmen German—Germans，Roman—Romans Australian—Australians，American—Americans 部分复合名词和名词词组 man teacher—men teachers，work of art—works of art passer-by—passers-by，place of interest—places of interest 其他情况 mouse—mice,child—children 注意由man和woman与另一单词组成的复合名词变复数时，两部分都发生变化。 二、名词的数的特殊考点 1.兼具可数与不可数的名词 agreement同意 （an）agreement协议 charity慈善 （a）charity慈善机构 difficulty困难,费力 （a）difficulty难题,难事 exercise锻炼,运动 （an）exercise活动,练习 experience经验 （an）experience经历 kindness仁慈 （a）kindness仁慈的举动 paper纸 （a）paper试卷；报纸；论文 pity同情 （a）pity遗憾（的事物） practice实践 （a）practice惯常做的事;习俗 success成功 （a）success成功的人（或事物） space空间；太空 （a）space一段时间 wonder惊奇 （a）wonder奇观 worry担心 （a）worry令人担忧的事 （1）It's____pity that many wild animals are now in danger.Please have____pity on them since they are part of our big family. A.a;/ B.a;a C./;a D./;/ （2）In 2013,Jiang Shumei's book,Time of Trouble,Time of Poverty,was published and proved to be____success. 2.课本中常见的不可数名词 advice 建议 news 新闻 attention 注意 pollution 污染 chess 国际象棋 progress 进展 control 控制权 research 研究 countryside 乡村 rubbish 垃圾 courage 勇气 safety 安全 fun 乐趣 schoolwork 课堂作业 health 健康 weather 天气 homework 家庭作业 sugar 食糖 housework 家务劳动 traffic 交通 information 信息 trust 信任 litter 垃圾 wealth 财富 luck 好运 *wildlife 野生动物 [2024宿迁]—____fine weather!It's a good match for going on a picnic. —Exactly.I simply can't wait! A.How B.What C.How a D.What a 3.不可数名词的计量 不可数名词没有单、复数区别，前面不能用a/an或表示具体数量的数词，但前面可用the、some、a lot of/lots of等修饰，对其计量时还可以用“表示量的可数名词+of+不可数名词”结构。 ·a kind/type/sort of paper（一种纸） a piece of paper（一张纸） 4.一些物质名词可用作可数名词，此时表示种类 fruit—fruits food—foods fish—fishes 考点3名词所有格 名词所有格主要表示名词与名词之间的所有关系。 一、's所有格 1.'s所有格的类别 类别 构成方法 例词 单数名词 加's my boss's car Lily's twin sister 复数名词 不以-s结尾 加's Children's Day Women's Day 以-s结尾 加' the teachers'office the boys'hobbies 2.'s所有格的用法 （1）主要用在表示人或动物的名词后,表示所有关系，意为“……的”。 I took over my father's company last year. （2）用and连接的两个或多个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，在最后一个名词后面加's；如果不表示共有关系,则在每个名词后面分别加's。 Lily and Lucy's mother is a doctor. These are Tom's and Mary's bags. （3）表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等地点时，常在名词后加上's。 at the doctor's（clinic） go to my uncle's（home） （4）复合不定代词（如someone、everybody等）和else连用时，'s应加在else后。 somebody else's pencil （5）表示时间、距离等的名词也可以在词尾加's或'来构成所有格。 today's newspaper今天的报纸 five minutes'ride/walk/drive骑车/走路/开车5分钟的路程 an arm's length一臂之距 二、of所有格 “of+名词”构成of所有格，一般用于无生命的名词，有时可与's所有格互换。 the visitor's arrival=the arrival of the visitor Shakespeare's plays=the plays of Shakespeare 三、双重所有格 结构 示例 of+名词's a friend of her mother's of+名词性物主代词 a friend of mine 注意双重所有格与of所有格表达的区别 双重所有格侧重表示全体中的一部分,而of所有格只表示所属关系。 a friend of her mother's她母亲的一个朋友（强调只是她母亲朋友中的一个） a friend of her mother她母亲的一个朋友（强调是她母亲的朋友） 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）Amazing China (《厉害了，我的国》), an ________ documentary, arouses (激起) Chinese ________ from deep inside. A．87-minutes; proud B．87-minute; pride C．87-minute; proud D．87 minutes; pride 2．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 3．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Mum, you look so tired. What’s wrong? —I did ________ housework this morning. Maybe I need a rest now. A．three hour’s B．three hours of C．three-hour of D．three-hours’ 4．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）The weather report says there will be much ________ tomorrow and we may have ________ off. A．snow; one day B．snowy; one day C．snow; one day’s D．snowy; one day’s 5．（2023·安徽·一模）—Why do you think spring is the most beautiful? —I love spring because when spring comes, the ______ all over the mountains turn green. A．leaf B．leafs C．leafes D．leaves 6．（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）Many people think ________ the windy yard (有风小院) in the TV play Meet yourself is well worth ________. A．whether; visiting B．that; a visit C．if; a visit D．that; to visit 7．（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）Yan Ning is an excellent scientist who will return to China in the near future. She wants to make a ________to her motherland. A．celebration B．conversation C．contribution D．collection 8．（2023·江苏无锡·一模）The core（核心）of your ________ is that you and your work partner will always be there to help each other in a team. A．friendship B．membership C．relationship D．leadership 9．（2022·江苏常州·一模）The factory cannot continue its level of ________ because the cost of the material has risen a lot. A．instruction B．production C．contribution D．celebration 10．（2022·江苏常州·一模）—To tell you the truth. I don’t want to join in the speech competition. —Come on. You need more practice to build up your ________. A．challenge B．confidence C．instruction D．personality 二．填空题 1．[2025扬州]Lots of people learn about Yangzhou through classical____.（诗歌） 2．[2025扬州]“Take a journey to Yangzhou in the misty flowery____”is a popular saying.（三月） 3．[2025苏州一模]People may make mistakes.That's why they put rubbers on the____（末端）of pencils. 4．[2025徐州一模]Born in 1881,Shaoxing,Lu Xun was a famous______（作家）and thinker. 5．[2025四川成都]Born into a family of doctors,Liu Jiakun wasn't interested in m______,and chose writing and painting instead. 6．[2025四川成都]Because of the archaeological（考古的）efforts over recent years,a lot of a__________have been made in the study of China's history. 7．[2025扬州一模]The film Soul mainly tells a________（music）strange experience in an amazing place. 8．[2025徐州一模节选]In Nezha 2,Nezha faces many challenges.He has to protect his friends and family from dangerous______（enemy）. 9．[2025徐州一模节选]In this movie,he becomes more responsible and starts to think about______（other）safety. 10．[2025淮安一模]Our teachers can give us some candy as a treat on________（child）Day. 11．[2025无锡一模]Mary volunteers to teach in a village after graduation.She thinks it's a good______（choose）. 12．Recently Mr Wu has carried out several______（survey）on students'daily habits. 13．With a couple of__________（fisherman）help,the little boy was finally saved from the heavy rainstorm. 14．After learning about the________（win）life experiences,everyone was deeply moved by their courage and kindness. 三．从方框中选择恰当的词或短语，并用其正确形式填空（每个词或短语只能用一次） invention places of interest height hero （1）[2024连云港]In the World Park,we can see models of more than a hundred__________________in a day. （2）[2024徐州]My sister is two years younger than me,but we are of the same______now. （3）[2024镇江]We will never forget those______who have done a lot for our country. （4）[2023连云港]Papermaking is one of the four great________from ancient China. 三．语法填空 A （2025·江苏·一模）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卷标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Huang Xuhua, 1 famous scientist in China, passed away at the age of 99 on February 6th in Wuhan. As stories about Huang and his team became widely known, people started to call 2 (he) “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines (核潜艇)”. Huang was born in Guangdong Province in 1926. He 3 (study) shipbuilding at National Chiao Tung University (now Shanghai Jiao Tong University) from 1945 to 1949. Later, he became one of the first 4 (scientist) to work on China’s nuclear submarine program. In 1958, because of his excellent skills and qualities, Huang 5 (call) to Beijing secretly. For the next 30 years, he worked hard in secret on China’s nuclear submarine program. He and his team started from nothing and overcame many difficulties. In 1970, he and his team 6 (success) launched (使……下水) China’s first nuclear submarine, and it performed better than the first US nuclear submarine launched in 1954. Huang’s life was full 7 achievements. From 2017 to 2020, he was awarded the national-level honors three times by President Xi Jinping. In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of the Republic, and in 2020, he got the 8 (high) science and technology award in China for 2019. Huang not only played a key role in developing China’s first nuclear submarines, but also cared a lot about the future of science and technology in China. He donated over 20 million yuan of his money to support scientific research, education 9 the spread of scientific knowledge. He spent his whole life 10 (develop) China’s nuclear submarine industry and national defense (国防), which encourages us to try our best to make our country stronger. B （2025·江苏苏州·一模）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。 Have you heard of the saying “Tidy space, tidy mind?” The new year is a great time to clear out all the things you don’t need anymore. What 1 (cause) a mess-up? Perhaps you are given new clothes or novels as gifts but haven’t yet decided where to store 2 (they). Besides, awful weather means spending more time indoors playing games, drawing or doing DIY. The situation will become even 3 (bad) when a friend drops by. Before you’re aware of it, your room has already got messy. Here are some advantages of tidying up. Having a big clear-out of things you don’t want or use any more 4 (feel) good. Scientists have confirmed that staying in a messy place can make your brain overloaded (超载的). It may be 5 (harm) to your memory. The more unorganized your living area is, the more stressed you will feel. If your room is clean and neat, you don’t need to spend ages hunting for missing socks or textbooks. 6 tidying up may take more time, energy and effort, a big clear-out allows you to keep calm. Staying organized may be 7 challenge for anyone. First, make sure what you want to achieve. Remember that Rome was not 8 (build) in a day. Then, divide everything into three piles. Keeping the useful things or items you 9 (true) love is a must. It is meaningful to donate the things 10 good condition. Throw away or recycle something broken or worn out. After all the hard work, the results of tidying up can make you happy, relaxed and help you sleep better. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05名词考点归纳 考点导览 考点讲练 考点1名词的分类与功能 一、名词的分类 1.普通名词 类别 含义 例词 可数名词 个体名词 表示个体的人或事物的词 teacher，dictionary 集体名词 表示一群人或一类事物的词 family，police，class 不可数名词 物质名词 表示物质或材料的词 rice，glass（玻璃），water 抽象名词 表示性质、特征、行为、状态、情感或其他抽象概念的词 kindness，peace，truth 知识拓展 集体名词 family、team、group、class等词形式上为单数，但可表示单数和复数两种意义。当强调整体时，谓语动词用单数；当强调集体中的每个成员时，谓语动词用复数。 （1）Every family has its own story to tell.每个家庭都有自己的故事要讲。 （2）All my family enjoy skiing.我们全家人都喜欢滑雪。 The police____（be）in control of the terrible situation an hour ago. 【答案】were 【解析】police为单数形式，此处与the连用表示复数含义，谓语动词应用复数，且由句中的时间状语an hour ago可知，应用一般过去时。故填were。 2.专有名词 表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织、节日等名称的词，如Oxford University、the Yangtze River、New Year's Day等。 二、名词的功能和位置 1.作主语（位于句首） （1）[2024扬州]New____________have greatly changed（注意动词形式为原形）our lives.（技术） 【答案】technologies （2）[2025南京一模]Another good______（choose）is to reuse things made of glass and paper. 【答案】choice 2.作动词的宾语（位于动词之后） （1）[2025无锡一模]Our headmaster invited two students to share their________（动词后作宾语）（speech）on teamwork. 【答案】speeches （2）In order to help me have a healthy diet,my friend gives me good a（在双宾语动词后作直接宾语）on how to cook tasty vegetables.I am on my way to a healthier lifestyle. 【答案】dvice 3.作介词的宾语（位于介词之后） （1）After a heated________（讨论）,the headmasters from different schools reached an agreement. 【答案】discussion 技巧点拨 如何判断一个空处该填名词 除了通过分析句子所缺成分（如例1和例3）来判断之外，还可以通过空前的限定词（如例5的a）和形容词（如例4的good）进行判断，因为限定词和形容词通常和名词密不可分。 考点2名词的数 一、单数可数名词变复数的变化规则 1.规则变化 规则 例词 一般情况加-s（在清辅音后的s读/s/，在浊辅音和元音后的s读/z/，以ce、se、ge结尾的名词加-s后词尾读/ɪz/） desk—desks，dog—dogs，apple—apples，boy—boys 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加-es（-es读作/ɪz/） class—classes，box—boxes，brush—brushes （特例:stomach—stomachs） 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，把y变为i,再加-es（-ies读作/ɪz/） country—countries，city—cities 以f或fe结尾的名词，多数把f或fe变为v,再加-es（-ves读作/vz/） wife—wives，leaf—leaves 以o结尾的名词，无生命的通常在词尾加-s,有生命的通常加-es（-es读作/z/） radio—radios，photo—photos （特例：kangaroo—kangaroos） hero—heroes，potato—potatoes，tomato—tomatoes （口诀：英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆） 2.不规则变化 情况 例词 改变名词中的元音字母 man—men,woman—women，foot—feet,tooth—teeth 单复数形式相同 sheep—sheep,deer—deer，series—series,aircraft—aircraft 某国人 （变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面） Chinese—Chinese，Japanese—Japanese Englishman—Englishmen，Frenchman—Frenchmen German—Germans，Roman—Romans Australian—Australians，American—Americans 部分复合名词和名词词组 man teacher—men teachers，work of art—works of art passer-by—passers-by，place of interest—places of interest 其他情况 mouse—mice,child—children 注意由man和woman与另一单词组成的复合名词变复数时，两部分都发生变化。 二、名词的数的特殊考点 1.兼具可数与不可数的名词 agreement同意 （an）agreement协议 charity慈善 （a）charity慈善机构 difficulty困难,费力 （a）difficulty难题,难事 exercise锻炼,运动 （an）exercise活动,练习 experience经验 （an）experience经历 kindness仁慈 （a）kindness仁慈的举动 paper纸 （a）paper试卷；报纸；论文 pity同情 （a）pity遗憾（的事物） practice实践 （a）practice惯常做的事;习俗 success成功 （a）success成功的人（或事物） space空间；太空 （a）space一段时间 wonder惊奇 （a）wonder奇观 worry担心 （a）worry令人担忧的事 （1）It's____pity that many wild animals are now in danger.Please have____pity on them since they are part of our big family. A.a;/ B.a;a C./;a D./;/ 【答案】A （2）In 2013,Jiang Shumei's book,Time of Trouble,Time of Poverty,was published and proved to be____success. 【答案】a 2.课本中常见的不可数名词 advice 建议 news 新闻 attention 注意 pollution 污染 chess 国际象棋 progress 进展 control 控制权 research 研究 countryside 乡村 rubbish 垃圾 courage 勇气 safety 安全 fun 乐趣 schoolwork 课堂作业 health 健康 weather 天气 homework 家庭作业 sugar 食糖 housework 家务劳动 traffic 交通 information 信息 trust 信任 litter 垃圾 wealth 财富 luck 好运 *wildlife 野生动物 [2024宿迁]—____fine weather!It's a good match for going on a picnic. —Exactly.I simply can't wait! A.How B.What C.How a D.What a 【答案】B 【解析】weather为不可数名词，前面不可用不定冠词，排除C、D两项；感叹句句型结构是“What+形容词+不可数名词!”，故选B。 3.不可数名词的计量 不可数名词没有单、复数区别，前面不能用a/an或表示具体数量的数词，但前面可用the、some、a lot of/lots of等修饰，对其计量时还可以用“表示量的可数名词+of+不可数名词”结构。 ·a kind/type/sort of paper（一种纸） a piece of paper（一张纸） 4.一些物质名词可用作可数名词，此时表示种类 fruit—fruits food—foods fish—fishes 考点3名词所有格 名词所有格主要表示名词与名词之间的所有关系。 一、's所有格 1.'s所有格的类别 类别 构成方法 例词 单数名词 加's my boss's car Lily's twin sister 复数名词 不以-s结尾 加's Children's Day Women's Day 以-s结尾 加' the teachers'office the boys'hobbies 2.'s所有格的用法 （1）主要用在表示人或动物的名词后,表示所有关系，意为“……的”。 I took over my father's company last year. （2）用and连接的两个或多个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，在最后一个名词后面加's；如果不表示共有关系,则在每个名词后面分别加's。 Lily and Lucy's mother is a doctor. These are Tom's and Mary's bags. （3）表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等地点时，常在名词后加上's。 at the doctor's（clinic） go to my uncle's（home） （4）复合不定代词（如someone、everybody等）和else连用时，'s应加在else后。 somebody else's pencil （5）表示时间、距离等的名词也可以在词尾加's或'来构成所有格。 today's newspaper今天的报纸 five minutes'ride/walk/drive骑车/走路/开车5分钟的路程 an arm's length一臂之距 二、of所有格 “of+名词”构成of所有格，一般用于无生命的名词，有时可与's所有格互换。 the visitor's arrival=the arrival of the visitor Shakespeare's plays=the plays of Shakespeare 三、双重所有格 结构 示例 of+名词's a friend of her mother's of+名词性物主代词 a friend of mine 注意双重所有格与of所有格表达的区别 双重所有格侧重表示全体中的一部分,而of所有格只表示所属关系。 a friend of her mother's她母亲的一个朋友（强调只是她母亲朋友中的一个） a friend of her mother她母亲的一个朋友（强调是她母亲的朋友） 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）Amazing China (《厉害了，我的国》), an ________ documentary, arouses (激起) Chinese ________ from deep inside. A．87-minutes; proud B．87-minute; pride C．87-minute; proud D．87 minutes; pride 【答案】B 【详解】句意：《厉害了，我的国》是一部87分钟的纪录片，它从内心深处唤起了中国人的自豪感。 考查复合形容词作定语及名词的用法。proud骄傲的，形容词；pride自豪感，名词。第一空用形容词87-minute作定语修饰后面的名词，87-minute是复合形容词，中间用连字符连接；第二空的成分为宾语，激发中国人的自豪感，应用名词pride作宾语。故选B。 2．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——据说这两位女医生刚从上海回来。——是啊。我认识她们。她们俩都已经四十多岁了。 考查名词复数和年龄段表达。以man、woman修饰的职业名称变复数时，man、woman也要变成复数，第一空后名词doctors为复数，所以此处应用women； in one’s +整十的复数，表示“在某人几十岁时”。故选C。 3．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Mum, you look so tired. What’s wrong? —I did ________ housework this morning. Maybe I need a rest now. A．three hour’s B．three hours of C．three-hour of D．three-hours’ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，你看起来很累。怎么了? ——今天早上我做了三个小时的家务。也许我现在需要休息一下。 考查时间的特殊表达。这里是时间作定语，表示“三个小时的作业”，应使用three hours of或者three hours’。故选B。 4．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）The weather report says there will be much ________ tomorrow and we may have ________ off. A．snow; one day B．snowy; one day C．snow; one day’s D．snowy; one day’s 【答案】A 【详解】句意：天气预报说明天会下很多雪，我们可能会休息一天。 考查词义辨析。snow雪，名词/下雪，动词；snowy下雪的，形容词；one day一天；one day’s一天的。much修饰不可数名词，可排除BD选项；have one day off“休息一天”。故选A。 5．（2023·安徽·一模）—Why do you think spring is the most beautiful? —I love spring because when spring comes, the ______ all over the mountains turn green. A．leaf B．leafs C．leafes D．leaves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——为什么你认为春天是最漂亮的？——我喜欢春天，因为当春天来的时候漫山遍野的树叶会变绿。 考查名词。根据“all over the mountains turn green”可知，此处“leaf”应该用复数。名词“leaf”的复数形式是“leaves”。故选D。 6．（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）Many people think ________ the windy yard (有风小院) in the TV play Meet yourself is well worth ________. A．whether; visiting B．that; a visit C．if; a visit D．that; to visit 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多人认为电视剧《去有风的地方》中那个有风小院值得一游。 考查宾语从句。whether是否；visiting参观，动名词/现在分词；that引导宾语从句时无实际意义；a visit参观，visit为名词；if是否；to visit动词不定式，visit为动词。根据“Many people think...the windy yard (有风小院) in the TV play Meet yourself is well worth...”可知，人们认为电视剧里的那个小院值得一游，think后从句为陈述意思，连接词用that，排除A和C；又因固定短语be well worth a visit表示“值得一游”，空处需填名词。故选B。 7．（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）Yan Ning is an excellent scientist who will return to China in the near future. She wants to make a ________to her motherland. A．celebration B．conversation C．contribution D．collection 【答案】C 【详解】句意：颜宁是一位优秀的科学家，不久将回国。她想为她的祖国做贡献。 考查名词辨析。celebration庆祝；conversation谈话；contribution贡献；collection收集。短语make a contribution to表示“为……做贡献”，符合题意。故选C。 8．（2023·江苏无锡·一模）The core（核心）of your ________ is that you and your work partner will always be there to help each other in a team. A．friendship B．membership C．relationship D．leadership 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你们关系的核心是你和你的工作伙伴总是会在一个团队中帮助彼此。 考查名词辨析。friendship友谊；membership会员，会员资格；relationship关系，联系；leadership领导，领导地位。根据“that you and your work partner will always be there to help each other in a team”可知，此处应该表示你和你的工作伙伴的关系，故选C。 9．（2022·江苏常州·一模）The factory cannot continue its level of ________ because the cost of the material has risen a lot. A．instruction B．production C．contribution D．celebration 【答案】B 【详解】句意：由于材料成本上涨了很多，工厂不能继续它的生产水平了。 考查名词辨析。instruction指示，说明；production生产，产量；contribution贡献；celebration庆祝。结合语境可知本句说的是工厂的生产水平与原料价格之间的关系，所以空处用名词production。故选B。 10．（2022·江苏常州·一模）—To tell you the truth. I don’t want to join in the speech competition. —Come on. You need more practice to build up your ________. A．challenge B．confidence C．instruction D．personality 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——实话告诉你。我不想参加演讲比赛。——来吧。你需要更多的练习来建立自信。 考查名词辨析。challenge挑战；confidence自信；instruction指示；personality性格。根据“You need more practice to build up your...”可知，此处“confidence”符合语境，意为“建立自信”。故选B。 二．填空题 1．[2025扬州]Lots of people learn about Yangzhou through classical____.（诗歌） 【答案】poems 2．[2025扬州]“Take a journey to Yangzhou in the misty flowery____”is a popular saying.（三月） 【答案】March 3．[2025苏州一模]People may make mistakes.That's why they put rubbers on the____（末端）of pencils. 【答案】ends 4．[2025徐州一模]Born in 1881,Shaoxing,Lu Xun was a famous______（作家）and thinker. 【答案】writer 5．[2025四川成都]Born into a family of doctors,Liu Jiakun wasn't interested in m______,and chose writing and painting instead. 【答案】edicine 6．[2025四川成都]Because of the archaeological（考古的）efforts over recent years,a lot of a__________have been made in the study of China's history. 【答案】chievements 7．[2025扬州一模]The film Soul mainly tells a________（music）strange experience in an amazing place. 【答案】musician's 8．[2025徐州一模节选]In Nezha 2,Nezha faces many challenges.He has to protect his friends and family from dangerous______（enemy）. 【答案】enemies 9．[2025徐州一模节选]In this movie,he becomes more responsible and starts to think about______（other）safety. 【答案】others' 10．[2025淮安一模]Our teachers can give us some candy as a treat on________（child）Day. 【答案】Children's 11．[2025无锡一模]Mary volunteers to teach in a village after graduation.She thinks it's a good______（choose）. 【答案】choice 12．Recently Mr Wu has carried out several______（survey）on students'daily habits. 【答案】surveys 13．With a couple of__________（fisherman）help,the little boy was finally saved from the heavy rainstorm. 【答案】fishermen's 14．After learning about the________（win）life experiences,everyone was deeply moved by their courage and kindness. 【答案】winners' 三．从方框中选择恰当的词或短语，并用其正确形式填空（每个词或短语只能用一次） invention places of interest height hero （1）[2024连云港]In the World Park,we can see models of more than a hundred__________________in a day. （2）[2024徐州]My sister is two years younger than me,but we are of the same______now. （3）[2024镇江]We will never forget those______who have done a lot for our country. （4）[2023连云港]Papermaking is one of the four great________from ancient China. 【答案】（1）places of interest（2）height（3）heroes（4）inventions 三．语法填空 A （2025·江苏·一模）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卷标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Huang Xuhua, 1 famous scientist in China, passed away at the age of 99 on February 6th in Wuhan. As stories about Huang and his team became widely known, people started to call 2 (he) “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines (核潜艇)”. Huang was born in Guangdong Province in 1926. He 3 (study) shipbuilding at National Chiao Tung University (now Shanghai Jiao Tong University) from 1945 to 1949. Later, he became one of the first 4 (scientist) to work on China’s nuclear submarine program. In 1958, because of his excellent skills and qualities, Huang 5 (call) to Beijing secretly. For the next 30 years, he worked hard in secret on China’s nuclear submarine program. He and his team started from nothing and overcame many difficulties. In 1970, he and his team 6 (success) launched (使……下水) China’s first nuclear submarine, and it performed better than the first US nuclear submarine launched in 1954. Huang’s life was full 7 achievements. From 2017 to 2020, he was awarded the national-level honors three times by President Xi Jinping. In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of the Republic, and in 2020, he got the 8 (high) science and technology award in China for 2019. Huang not only played a key role in developing China’s first nuclear submarines, but also cared a lot about the future of science and technology in China. He donated over 20 million yuan of his money to support scientific research, education 9 the spread of scientific knowledge. He spent his whole life 10 (develop) China’s nuclear submarine industry and national defense (国防), which encourages us to try our best to make our country stronger. 【答案】1．a 2．him 3．studied 4．scientists 5．was called 6．successfully 7．of 8．highest 9．and 10．developing 【导语】本文主要讲了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华的故事，包括他的生平经历、对中国核潜艇事业的贡献以及他获得的荣誉等。 1．句意：黄旭华，中国著名科学家，于2月6日在武汉逝世，享年99岁。分析句子结构可知，应填一个不定冠词，泛指一位著名科学家，famous以辅音音素开头，所以用a。故填a。 2．句意：随着黄和他的团队的故事广为人知，人们开始称他为“中国核潜艇之父”。分析句子结构和所给单词可知，应填人称代词he的宾格him“他”，做动词call的宾语。故填him。 3．句意：1945年至1949年，他在国立交通大学（现上海交通大学）学习造船。根据时间状语“from 1945 to 1949”可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式studied。故填studied。 4．句意：后来，他成为最早从事中国核潜艇项目的科学家之一。根据“one of the first”和所给单词可知，应填scientist“科学家”的复数形式scientists。“one of+名词复数”表示“……之一”。故填scientists。 5．句意：句意：1958年，黄旭华因其卓越的技能和品质被秘密召到北京。根据“In 1958”可知，时态为一般过去时；主语Huang与谓语动词call之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。所以此空填一般过去时被动语态“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语Huang是第三人称，be动词用was。故填was called。 6．句意：1970年，他和他的团队成功地使中国第一艘核潜艇下水，而且它的性能比1954年下水的第一艘美国核潜艇要好。分析句子结构和所给单词可知，应填形容词词successful的副词形式successfully“成功地”，做状宾语，修饰动词launched。故填successfully。 7．句意：黄的一生充满了成就。be full of“充满……”。故填of。 8．句意：2019年，他被授予共和国勋章，2020年，他获得了2019年中国最高科学技术奖。根据后面的比较范围“in China for 2019”和所给单词可知，应填high的最高级形式highest“最高的”，作定语，修饰后面的science and technology award。故填highest。 9．句意：他捐出了2000多万元，用于支持科学研究、教育和科学知识的传播。分析句子结构可知，应填连词and“和”，并列scientific research、education和the spread of scientific knowledge。故填and。 10．句意：他一生都在发展中国的核潜艇工业和国防，这鼓励我们尽最大努力让我们的国家变得更强大。根据“spent his whole life”和所给单词可知，应填develop的动名词形式developing，作宾语。spend...doing sth“花……做某事”。故填developing。 B （2025·江苏苏州·一模）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。 Have you heard of the saying “Tidy space, tidy mind?” The new year is a great time to clear out all the things you don’t need anymore. What 1 (cause) a mess-up? Perhaps you are given new clothes or novels as gifts but haven’t yet decided where to store 2 (they). Besides, awful weather means spending more time indoors playing games, drawing or doing DIY. The situation will become even 3 (bad) when a friend drops by. Before you’re aware of it, your room has already got messy. Here are some advantages of tidying up. Having a big clear-out of things you don’t want or use any more 4 (feel) good. Scientists have confirmed that staying in a messy place can make your brain overloaded (超载的). It may be 5 (harm) to your memory. The more unorganized your living area is, the more stressed you will feel. If your room is clean and neat, you don’t need to spend ages hunting for missing socks or textbooks. 6 tidying up may take more time, energy and effort, a big clear-out allows you to keep calm. Staying organized may be 7 challenge for anyone. First, make sure what you want to achieve. Remember that Rome was not 8 (build) in a day. Then, divide everything into three piles. Keeping the useful things or items you 9 (true) love is a must. It is meaningful to donate the things 10 good condition. Throw away or recycle something broken or worn out. After all the hard work, the results of tidying up can make you happy, relaxed and help you sleep better. 【答案】1．causes 2．them 3．worse 4．feels 5．harmful 6．Though/Although 7．a 8．built 9．truly 10．in 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了整理空间对心理健康的重要性，以及如何有效地进行整理。 1．句意：是什么造成了混乱？此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语What作主语，视为第三人称单数，所以动词用第三人称单数形式。故填causes。 2．句意：也许你收到新衣服或小说作为礼物，但还没有决定把它们放在哪里。store是动词，后面接宾格作宾语，they的宾格是them。故填them。 3．句意：当朋友来访时，情况会变得更糟。even修饰形容词比较级，bad的比较级是worse。故填worse。 4．句意：把你不想要或不再使用的东西彻底清理一遍感觉很好。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，动名词短语“Having a big clear—out of things you don’t want or use any more”作主语，视为第三人称单数，所以动词用第三人称单数形式。故填feels。 5．句意：它可能对你的记忆有害。be动词后接形容词作表语，harm的形容词是harmful。故填harmful。 6．句意：虽然整理可能需要更多的时间、精力和努力，但一次大清理能让你保持冷静。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，用Although或Though。故填Though/Although。 7．句意：保持整洁对任何人来说都可能是一个挑战。challenge是可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个挑战”，且challenge以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 8．句意：记住罗马不是一天建成的。Rome与build之间是被动关系，“be+过去分词”构成被动语态，build的过去分词是built。故填built。 9．句意：保留有用的东西或你真正喜欢的物品是必须的。修饰动词love用副词，true的副词是truly。故填truly。 10．句意：捐赠状况良好的东西是有意义的。in good condition表示“状况良好”，是固定短语。故填in。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $