专题一·考点四 阅读理解(社会生活类)-【创新大课堂】2026年高考英语五年真题分类汇编168优化重组卷

考点四 阅读理解（社会生活类） 题组一 Passage1(2025·浙江1月，7.5分) of our libraries-the one you selected in the ILI Interlibrary Loan (ILL)provides teachers,Request Form.For an article or book chapter,you students and staff with access to books that are will be notified by email when it is available.To 救 checked out or not owned by our own libraries,as obtain the article or chapter,click on the link well as digitized copies of articles and book provided in the email and log into your ILL chapters from our collection. account.Once in your account,select Electronic 曼 Who Can Borrow? Articles received. Current students,teachers(including retired) Interlibrary Loan Fees p and staff can request items through ILL. Article/ Interlibrary loan is not available to former Library Type Loan Cost Chapter Cost students,guest borrowers or fee-card holders. Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10 How Long Does It Take? Articles are usually received within 1- 2 For-Profit Libraries $20 $12 量 days and books in 5-10 days.However, International Libraries $25 $15 obtaining items that are rare,recently published 弥 or in high demand may take longer.To speed up 1.Who can use the ILL service? the process,please make sure the information you A.Former students. submit through the ILL Request Form is B.Guest borrowers. accurate. C.Retired teachers. 烂 Length of Loans D.Fee-card holders. Loan periods are established by the lending2.What is a rule for borrowing a print book library.All due dates are noted on the label. through ILL? 抵 Borrowed items are subject to recall by the A.Pay an extra fee for delivery. 蝶 lending library.Any restrictions established by B.Renew it before the due date. 郑 the lending library will be indicated on the label. C.Pick it up at the lending library. No renewals )are allowed for physical items D.Return it when it is recalled. borrowed through ILL. 3.How much do you pay for two articles obtained 问 Notification/Delivery Options from an international library? For a physical item,you will be notified by A.$15. B.$20. email when it arrives.Items are picked up at one C.$24. D.$30. 25 Passage2(2023·新课标I卷，10分) the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these The goal of this book is to make the case for practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to digital minimalism,including a detailed exploration build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your of what it asks and why it works,and then to particular circumstances. teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you 1.What is the book aimed at? decide it's right for you. A.Teaching critical thinking skills. To do so,I divided the book into two parts.In B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. part one,I describe the philosophical foundations of C.Solving philosophical problems. digital minimalism,starting with an examination of the D.Promoting the use of a digital device. forces that are makingso many people's digital lives 2.What does the underlined word "declutter"in increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed Paragraph 3 mean? discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested C.Check-in. D.Take-over. method for adopting this philosophy:the digital 3.What is Presented in the final chapter of part one? declutter.This process requires you to step away from; optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of A.Theoretical models. the thirty days,you will then add back a small number B.Statistical methods. of carefully chosen online activities that you believe C.Practical examples. will provide massive benefits to the things you value. D.Historical analyses. In the final chapter of part one,I'll guide 4.What does the author suggest readers do with you through carrying out your own digital the practices offered in part two? declutter.In doing so,I'll draw on an experiment A.Use them as needed. I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed: B.Recommend them to friends. to perform a digital declutter.You'll hear these C.Evaluate their effects. participants'stories and learn what strategies D.Identify the ideas behind them. worked well for them,and what traps they Passage3(202l·全国乙卷，8分) encountered that you should avoid. When almost everyone has a mobile phone, The second part of this book takes a closer why are more than half of Australian homes still look at some ideas that will help you cultivate paying for a landline(座机)？ a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.In: these chapters,I examine issues such as the: These days you'd be hard pressed to find importance of solitude (and the necessity anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the doesn't own a mobile phone.In fact plenty of time most now spend on mindless device use.younger kids have one in their pocket.Practically Each chapter concludes with a collection of everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, practices,which are designed to help you act on anytime. 26 Still,55 percent of Australians have a landline How attached are you to your landline?How phone at home and only just over a quarter(29%)long until they go the way of gas street lamps and rely only on their smartphones,according to a morning milk deliveries? survey().Of those Australians who still have a1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about landline,a third concede that it's not really mobile phones? necessary and they're keeping it as a security A.Their target users. blanket-19 percent say they never use it while a B.Their wide popularity. further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. C.Their major functions. More than half of Australian homes are still D.Their complex design. choosing to stick with their home phone.Age is 2.What does the underlined word "concede"in naturally a factor(因素)-only58 percent of Paragraph 3 mean? Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, A.Admit. B.Argue. compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've C.Remember. D.Remark. perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.3.What can we say about Baby Boomers? Age isn't the only factor;I'd say it's also to do A.They like smartphone games. with the makeup of your household. B.They enjoy guessing callers'identity. Generation Xers with young families,like my C.They keep using landline phones. wife and I,can still find it convenient to have a D.They are attached to their family. home phone rather than providing a mobile phone :4.What can be inferred about the landline from for every family member.That said,to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are the last paragraph? our Baby Boomers parents,to the point where we A.It remains a family necessity. play a game and guess who is calling before we B.It will fall out of use some day. pick up the phone(using Caller ID would take the C.It may increase daily expenses. fun out of it). D.It is as important as the gas light. 题组二 Passage1(2025·全国I卷，10分) Brommelstroet are bothered by facts like these.In While safety improvements might have been their new book Movement:How to Take Back made to our streets in recent years,transportOur Streets and Transform Our Lives,they call studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) for a rethink of our streets and the role they play mobility,especially among young children.Many in our lives. parents say there's too much traffic on the roads Life on city streets started to change decades for their children to walk safely to school,so they pack them into the car instead. ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te make way for new road networks and kids had to 27 play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.C.People walk less and drive more. Most famously,a Canadian journalist who had D.Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s 2.What were the Canadian journalist and other led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local campaigners trying to do? park.Describing her alarm at its proposed A.Keep their cities livable. replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs B.Promote cultural diversity. called on her mayor(市长)to champion“New C.Help the needy families. York as a decent place to live,and not just rush D.Make expressways accessible. 3.What can be inferred about the campaigns in through.Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. A.They boosted the sales of cars. Although these campaigns were widespread, B.They turned out largely ineffective. the reality is that the majority of the western C.They won government support. cities were completely redesigned around the D.They advocated building new parks. needs of the motor car.The number of cars on 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we A.Why the Rush?B.What's Next? now have over twenty million cars for just over C.Where to Stay? D.Who to Blame? twenty-six million people,among the highest rate Passage2(2023·新课标I卷，10分) of car ownership in the world. On March 7,1907,the English statistician We invest a lot in roads that help us rushFrancis Galton published a paper which through,but we fail to account for the true illustrated what has come to be known as the costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a"wisdom of crowds"effect.The experiment of society when children can't move safely around estimation he conducted showed that in some our communities?The authors of Movement have cases,the average of a large number of it right:it's time to think differently about that independent estimates could be quite accurate. street outside your front door. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when 1.What phenomenon does the author point out in people make errors,those errors aren't always Paragraph 1? the same.Some people will tend to overestimate, A.Cars often get stuck on the road. and some to underestimate.When enough of these B.Traffic accidents occur frequently. errors are averaged together,they cancel each 28 other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate. Although the studies led by Navajas have If people are similar and tend to make the same limitations and many questions remain the errors,then their errors won't cancel each other potential implications for group discussion and out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of decision-making are enormous. crowds requires that people's estimates be1.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? 11111 independent.If for whatever reasons,people's A.The methods of estimation. errors become correlated or dependent,the B.The underlying logic of the effect. 叔 accuracy of the estimate will go down. C.The causes of people's errors But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas D.The design of Galton's experiment. offered an interesting twist (on this classic 曼 2.Navajas'study found that the average accuracy phenomenon.The key finding of the study was could increase even if that when crowds were further divided into p smaller groups that were allowed to have a A.the crowds were relatively small discussion,the averages from these groups were B.there were occasional underestimates more accurate than those from an equal number C.individuals did not communicate of independent individuals.For instance,the D.estimates were not fully independent average obtained from the estimates of four 3.What did the follow-up study focus on? 量 discussion groups of five was significantly more A.The size of the groups. 弥 accurate than the average obtained from 20 B.The dominant members. independent individuals. C.The discussion process. 都 In a follow-up study with 100 university D.The individual estimates. 烂 students,the researchers tried to get a better 4.What is the author's attitude toward Navajas'stud- sense of what the group members actually did in ies? their discussion.Did they tend to go with those A.Unclear. most confident about their estimates?Did they 抵 follow those least willing to change their minds? B.Dismissive. This happened some of the time,but it wasn't C.Doubtful. 郑 the dominant response.Most frequently,the D.Approving. groups reported that they "shared arguments and Passage3(2021·全国乙卷，8分) 出 reasoned together.Somehow,these arguments During an interview for one of my books,my and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in interviewer said something I still think about error. often.Annoyed by the level of distraction() 29 in his open office,he said,"That's why I have a So why do so many of us hate our open membership at the coworking space across the offices?The problem may be that,in our offices, street-so I can focus."His comment struck me we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into as strange.After all,coworking spaces also others'conversations while we're trying to focus. typically use an open office layout ()But I Indeed,the researchers found that face-to-face recently came across a study that shows why his interactions and conversations affect the creative approach works. process,and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop The researchers examined various levels of provides a certain level of noise while also providing noise on participants as they completed tests offreedom from interruptions. creative thinking.They were randomly divided Why dos the interviewer prefer a coworking space? A.It helps him concentrate. into four groups and exposed to various noise B.It blocks out background noise. levels in the background,from total silence to 50 C.It has a pleasant atmosphere. decibels(分贝)，70 decibels,and85 decibels..The D.It encourages face-to-face interactions. differences between most of the groups were 2.Which level of background noise may promote statistically insignificant;however,the participants in creative thinking ability? the 70 decibels group-those exposed to a level of A.Total silence. noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop- B.50 decibels. significantly outperformed the other groups.Since the C.70 decibels. effects were small,this may suggest that our creative D.85 decibels. thinking does not differ that much in response to total 3.What makes an open office unwelcome to many silence and 85 decibels of background noise. people? But since the results at 70 decibels were A.Personal privacy unprotected. significant,the study also suggests that the right B.Limited working space. level of background noise-not too loud and not C.Restrictions on group discussion. total silence-may actually improve one's creative D.Constant interruptions. thinking ability.The right level of background4.What can we infer about the author from the noise may interrupt our normal patterns of text? thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to A.He's a news reporter. wander,without making it impossible to focus. B.He's an office manager. This kind of "distracted focus"appears to be the C.He's a professional designer. best state for working on creative tasks. D.He's a published writer. 30 题组三 Passage(2024·浙江卷1月，10分) cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on When was the last time you used a telephone various subjects there.And these books were box?I mean to make an actual phone call-not free.This unbeatable price point encouraged me to shelter from the rain.Ages ago,right?The to experiment with dozens of titles that I would last time I used a phone box for its intended never normally consider buying.And I've discovered purpose was...2006.I was conducting auditions some great books! (试演)for my play in my tiny old shared house in If I ever get trapped outside my house again, London.Hoping to impress some talented actors my local telephone box will,sadly,no longer be to come and work for me for nothing,I spread able to connect me with my keys.But it can some throws over the sofas and lit candles to certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my make it seem a bit more“young professional”. wife to rescue me. As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper 1.What does the word "it"underlined in the first baskets,the door swung shut behind me.Suddenly I paragraph refer to? was locked outside.My mobile phone was inside, A.The play. B.The shared house. but luckily there was a telephone box across the C.The sofa. D.The telephone box. street.So,I called Directory Assistance,got put 2.Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? through to our landlady's managing agent,and A.To place an urgent call. had a spare key sent to me with just enough time B.To put up a notice. to get back in before the actors arrived. C.To shelter from the rain. As it has been many years since I last used D.To hold an audition. one,I should hardly be surprised that there are3.What do we know about the "mini community no longer any public telephones near my house. library”? The last one standing has just been turned into a A.It provides phone service for free. “mini community library”:any passer-by can B.Anyone can contribute to its collection. “borrow”a book from its shelves,and return it C.It is popular among young readers. later,or replace it with another title from their D.Books must be returned within a month. own collection. 4.Why did the author start to use the "library"? For a few months after the“library”opened, A.He wanted to borrow some love stories. I didn't bother taking a look,as I had assumed: B.He was encouraged by a close neighbour. that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love C.He found there were excellent free books stories.Then I noticed folk conducting spring D.He thought it was an ideal place for reading. 31l.C[理解具体信息根据第一段中的“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains" “doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村) populations with basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions'”可知，Saint Lukas列车是政府资助的医疗列 车，列车上有医生和护士为乡村人口提供基本的医疗等， 故C项“它的作用相当于一个医院”符合题意。] 2.D「推断第三段首句提到俄罗斯的公共医疗服务急需 现代化。再结合第三段中的“address the problem, particularly in the poorer,rural areas...arranging doctor's appointments...motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk”可以推知， Krasnoyarsk是俄罗斯一个贫穷的、医疗条件差的偏远乡 村，故D项“它需要医疗援助”符合题意。] 3.D[理解具体信息根据第四段中的“Forl0 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给)”可知，该列车每年有十个月都会进行这样 的工作：在大约八个站点停留两周多，然后返回补充燃料 和补给。因此，该列车一次补给可以工作两周左右，故 选D。] 4.A[理解态度根据最后一段中Ducke的话“I was very impressed""They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want'"可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas列车服务的态度是赞赏的。故选A。] Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政 府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题， 同时该收入用于学校体育。 1.C[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100 mL,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).（该税 于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g 的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。)”可知，征收糖税的目 的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。门 2.D[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超 过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。)”可知，一些饮料 公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。] 3.D[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However,some high sugar brands,like Classic Coca Cola,have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而，一些高 糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变， 因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大 多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司 也是免税的。)”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高 糖品牌。故选D项。」 4.B[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today's figures, according to one government official,show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (and healthier eating in schools.(根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖 税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数 百万英镑。)”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。 故选B项。] 12 考点四阅读理解（社会生活类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与自我一生活与学习 一图书馆间的互借服务 l.C[理解具体信息根据Who Can Borrow？部分中的 "Current students,teachers(including retired)and staff can request items through ILL”可知，在校生、教职工（包括退 休教师)可以通过LL申请借书，故选C。] 2.D[理解具体信息根据Length of Loans部分中的 "Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library'”可知，外借物品由外借图书馆收回。由此可知，通 过LL借阅的纸质书，当它被收回时，需要归还，故选D。] 3.D[理解具体信息根据表格中的“Article/Chapter Cost” 所在列和“International Libraries'”所在行可知，在国际图书 馆借阅一篇文章需要花15美元，故借两篇文章需要花15 ×2=30(美元)，故选D。] Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文向读者介绍了一本 书，该书解释了何为数字极筒主义并提供了实现极筒主义生 活方式的方法。 l.B[根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism”、第二段中的“digital lives'”和最 后一段中的“a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle'”可 知，本书旨在倡导一种简单的数字生活方式。故选B项。] 2.A[根据画线词后面的“step away from”可知，画线词表 示“清除，清理”，A项含义与画线词含义相近。] 3.C[根据第四段中的“In the final chapter of part one,I'l guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter" “You''ll hear these participants'stories”可知，第一部分的 最后一章提供了真实的例子。] 4.A[根据最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances" 知，作者建议读者把这些方法当成帮助自己实现极简主义 生活方式的工具，即在需要的时候使用这些方法。故选 A项。] Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。当今世界上几乎所有人 都有手机，但一半以上澳大利亚家庭仍然拥有座机，本文说 明了出现这一现象的原因。 l,B[主旨大意题。根据题千信息Paragraph2,定位到第二 段，该段主要说明手机在溴大利亚的使用率非常高，手机 使用十分普及。故选B。] 2.A[词义猜测题。根据题干信息concede,定位到第三段 "Still,55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home...Of those Australians who still have a landline,a third concede that it's not really necessary...”虽然55%的 人的家中都还有座机，但他们中的三分之一的人认为座机 其实并不十分必要。由此我们可以推测，这些人在说t's not necessary的时候是在承认这件事。故选A。] 3.C[细节理解题。根据题千信息Baby Boomers,.定位到第 四段“Age is naturally a factor(因素)一only58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then,compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for50 years.”84%的Baby Boomers仍用座 机，而且他们可能已经用同一个座机号码50年了。由此 可知，Baby Boomers仍在用座机。故选C。] 4.B[推理判断题。根据题千信息last paragraph,定位到原 文最后一段“How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries??”煤气路灯和早晨送牛 奶服务都离我们现在的生活比较久远，它们基本已经消失 了。作者发出疑问：多久以后座机会走上煤气路灯、早晨 送牛奶服务的老路呢？因此可以推测，座机有一天也会消 失。B项中的fall out of use意为“开始不用、渐渐废弃”， 符合文意。故选B。] 题组二 Passage 1 语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与社会一历史、社会与文 化一城市交通与生活 文章大意：近年街道安全改善，但行人（尤其是儿童）的活动 能力下降，家长因交通隐患多开车送孩子上学。荷兰作者 Thalia Verkade和Marco te Brommelstroet对此类现象不满， 在他们的新书中呼吁重新思考街道在我们生活中的作用。 作者认同新书观，点，呼吁重新审视街道规划。 1.C[理解具体信息读题题目问“在第一段中作者指出 了什么现象？”。A项“汽车经常在路上堵塞”；B项“交通事 故频繁发生”：C项“人们步行更少，开车更多”；D项“行人 未能遵守规则”。 解题根据第一段可知，交通研究也显示行人（尤其是儿 童)的活动能力在下降。许多家长表示道路上车流量太 大，孩子步行上学不安全，因此他们选择开车送孩子。故 选C。] 2.A[理解具体信息读题题目问“那位加拿大记者和其 他活动人士试图做什么？”。A项“保持他们城市的宜居 性”；B项“促进文化多样性”：C项“帮助贫困家庭”；D项 “使高速公路通达”。 解题根据第三段中的“Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长)to champion‘New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through,?”可知，Jane Jacobs描述了当得知公园计划被高速公路取代时的恐慌， 她呼吁市长将纽约建设成一个宜居的好地方，而不仅仅是 一个人们匆匆而过的地方。故选A。livable是decent place to live的同义转换。 3.BL推断读题题目问“关于20世纪60年代末和20 世纪70年代澳大利亚的运动，可以推断出什么？”。A项 “它们促进了汽车销售”；B项“它们在很大程度上被证明无 效”；C项“它们赢得了政府支持”；D项“它们倡导建设新公 园”。 解题根据第四段中的“Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car”可知，尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西 方城市都围绕着机动车的需求进行了彻底的重新设计。 再结合最后一段中的“We invest a lot...but we fail to account for the true costs'”可知，这些运动并没有解决真正 的需求，说明在很大程度上它们是无效的运动。故选B。] 4.A[理解文章主旨要义文章的核心批判是当前的城市 规划和交通方式（以车为主）让人们“匆勿而过”(rush through),只追求通行效率(help us rush through),却忽视 了这种“勿忙”(rush)带来的社会成本（如儿童失去安全活 动的空间，活动能力下降)。作者呼吁重新思考街道的作 用，让城市成为生活的地方，而不仅仅是通道。A项“Why the Rush?”(我们为何要如此匆忙？)直接，点明了文章质疑 的核心—这种追求速度、忽视生活质量的“多忙”是否有 必要？它是否值得付出如此高的社会代价？这个标题最 能引发学生的批判性思考。B项“接下来是什么？”；C项 “待在何处？”；D项“谁负责？”。] Passage 2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。作者从几个角度探讨群 体智慧，指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。 1.B[通读第二段内容可知，本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的 底层逻辑。故选B项。] 2.D[结合第二段中的“In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent'”和第三段中的“when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion..independent individuals'”可知，Navajas的a研 究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，平均正确 度依旧会提升。故选D项。] 3.C[第四段说在随后对100名大学生的研究中，研究人员 发现，团队讨论中起决定作用的是队员们能集体辩论 (shared arguments and reasoned together),因此选C。] 4.D[最后一段作者说，虽然Navajas的研究有局限性，但是 从他的研究看，团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的， 由此判断作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度。] Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过实验数据分析 过分办公室噪音对于办公效率的影响，但合伙办公有利于集 中注意力，适量的声音有利于创新思维。 l.A[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“.，so I can focus” 可知，采访者喜欢在公用工作场所办公，是因为他可以集 中精力。故选A。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据第二段中“however,the participants in the 70 decibels group-those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop一significantly outperformed the other groups.”和第 三段第一句“But since the results at70 decibels were significant,the study also suggests that the right level of background noise-not too loud and not total silence-may actually improve one's creative thinking ability..”可知7o 分贝的背景噪音水平可能对提高创造性思维能力是有帮 助的。故选C。] 3.D[推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“..can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into other's conversations while we're trying to focus'”可知，开放式办公环境中，经常 有其他事情分散人们的注意力。故选D。] 4,D[推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，作者在为自己 的书接受采访，可推断他是作家。故选D。 题组三 Passage 语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会一社会进步 电话亭的变迁。 文章大意：作者回忆了自己最后一次使用电话亭的经历，并 发现家附近最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你社区图书馆”， 这为社区提供了新的价值。 l.B[理解词汇根据第一段中的“I was conducting auditions()for my play in my tiny old shared house in London""I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more'young professional'" 推断出，作者是在合租房里安排试演，为了给一些有天赋 的演员留下深刻印象而将合租房布置了一番，故选B项。] 2.A[推断根据题干信息将答案定位在第一、二段。第二 段提到作者被锁在了门外，但是幸运的是“there was a telephone box across the street'”,因此作者打电话拿到了备 用钥匙，才得以及时赶回家。由此可推断出，在2006年作 者使用电话亭是为了拔打紧急电话，故选A项。] 3.B[理解具体信息根据题千中的“mini community library'”将答案锁定在第三段。由该段中的“a‘mini community library':any passer-by can...or replace it with another title from their own collection”可知，任何路过的人 都能用自己的另一本藏书来替换其中的一本书，也就是说 任何人都可以为这个图书馆的藏书做出贡献，故选B项。 A项“它提供免费电话服务”；C项“它在年轻读者中受欢 迎”；D项“一个月之内必须归还图书”。] 4.C[理解具体信息根据第四段可知，作者一开始认为这 个“图书馆”里都是一些庸俗的爱情故事书，但后来却注意 到那里有各种主题的大部头书，而且这些书都是免费的。 这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励作者尝试许多自己通常不会 考虑购买的书，并且发现了一些很棒的书。由此可知，作 者因为发现那里有免费的好书，才转变之前的想法，开始 使用这个“图书馆”。故选C项。] 考点五阅读理解（生态环保类） 题组一 Passage 1 语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与自然一环境保护 全球交通领域的碳排放及绿色转型方案 文章大意：文章主要围绕全球交通领域的碳排放及绿色转型 展开，说明不同交通方式有特定燃料需求，全球能源转型中 可再生能源需求巨大。 1.C[理解具体信息题目问“2018年公路车辆在全球交通 排放中所占百分比是多少？”。根据文中第一张图中的相 关数据“ROAD(PASSENGER)45.1%”和“ROAD (GOODS)29.4%”可知，公路车辆在全球交通排放中的总 占比为45.1%十29.4%=74.5%。故选C项。」 2.C理解具体信息题目问“哪种交通方式相对容易实现 绿色转型？”。根据文中第二张图中“TRAINS Electricity'”部分的描述可知，火车使用电能作为能源，一些 火车已经实现了电气化，其他火车可以通过非常筒单的方 式实现电气化。相对图中描述的飞机、卡车和轮船的燃料 转型，火车绿色转型更简单。故选C项。 3.B[理解具体信息根据文中最后一段Wipke的话“We need to speed up.·used”可知，Wipke认为需要加快绿色 能源的发展，绿色能源将全部投入使用。B项“加大对可再 生能源的投入”与文意相符。故选B项。] Passage 2 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一科学与技术 一BMF缩短食物到餐桌的距离 文章大意：本文介绍了一家旨在为人们提供新鲜食材的BMF 公司。 l.C[推断根据第一段中的“However,most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table”和“Babylon Micro--Farm(BMF)shortens it even more'”可知，大部分商 店的农产品要经历几周的运输并跨越很长距离才能到达 人们的餐桌。BMF公司大大缩短了这一过程。未句中的 “it”代指前文的“journey'”,并和选项C中的“distance'”构成 同义词替换，故选C项。] 2.B[理解具体信息根据第三段中的“there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time" 知，有一个便捷的应用程序实时提供（植物的）生长数据， 这和B项的意思契合。 3.D[推断根据文章末段中对BMF公司员工的生活和工 作情况的描述以及BMF员工的自述“We are passionate about reducing waste,carbon and chemicals in our -12 environment'”可知，BMF员工们在日常生活中践行可持续 发展，大约半数的员工走路或骑自行车上班。在办公室 里，他们通过限制垃圾桶数量及避免使用一次性塑料的方 式鼓励回收利用及减少废物。他们都热衷于减少环境中 的废物、碳和化学物质。据此可以推断：BMF公司的员工 有着强烈的环保意识，故选D项。] 4.A[理解文章主旨要义文章首段介绍BMF公司缩短了 食物到餐桌的运输过程，接着第二至四段介绍了BMF的 创新设计系统及其优势，最后一段介绍了BMF员工在生 活和工作中践行可持续发展。综上所述，文章从各个方面 凸显了BMF的优势。 Passage 3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了美国灰 熊从多变少的发展过程，和在法律的保护下，灰熊数量增长， 并探讨了针对灰熊的应对保护方案。 l,A[根据第一段的“Grizzly bears..occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche(灰熊在美国人心中占据了 一个矛盾的角落)”和“we revere(敬畏)them even as they give us frightening dreams..their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear”可知，人们对灰熊既怕又爱。由此可 见，人们对它们的感情很复杂，故A项正确。] 2.C[根据第三段的“Inl975,grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act(l975年，灰熊被列入《美国濒危动 物法案》中)”和第四段的“Today,there are about2,000or more grizzly bears in the U.S.(如今，美国大约有2000或 更多头灰熊)”可以推断，灰熊数量增长与1975年以来的 法律保护息息相关，故C项正确。] 3.A[根据题千的“theU.S.Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies'”可以迅速锁定第四段。根据第四段的 "Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups(由于来自保护组织的诉讼，这两次尝 试都被推翻了)”可知，动物保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼 类及野生动物管理局将灰熊从《美国颜危动物法案》中除 名，故A项正确。] 4.B[根据最后一段的“If people remove food and attractants... is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away(如果人们把食物 和引诱剂从他们的院子和营地拿走，灰熊经过时通常会平安 无事。在鸡舍和其他农场动物住所周围安装电围栏对赶走灰 熊也非常有效)”可以推断，人类可以和灰熊和谐共处，故B项 正确。 Passage 4 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一种会识 别形状的凤头鹦鹉。 l.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage..(虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会 使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地 使用工具。)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped‘keys’to choose from.Inserting the correct‘keys' would let out the nut.(研究人员给了这些鸟五把形状各异 的‘钥匙’供它们选择。插入正确的‘钥匙’会让坚果出 来。)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹅是通过使用工具从盒子里 取出坚果的。故选B。] 2.C「细节理解题。根据第二段“In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品 放进一个圆形的洞里)”可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将 一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。」