Unit1语法专练- 2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级下册

2026-02-26
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摘要:

该初中英语单元知识清单系统整合了人教版7下第一单元核心语法,涵盖wh-特殊疑问句、形容词用法及名词变复数三大模块,通过“知识点详解-分层练习-答案解析”的递进式架构,为学生搭建从基础理解到综合应用的学习支架。 清单以“分类细化+分层训练”构建知识体系,如将wh-疑问词按功能分类并配实例,名词复数分规则/不规则变化列表,培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计“错题解析”和“应用提示”,如形容词位置口诀“限定观点大小年龄颜色”,帮助学生高效掌握,教师可直接用于课堂分层教学,提升教学实效。

内容正文:

人教版7下第一单元语法专练 wh-特殊疑问句&形容词&名词变复数 第一部分:知识点详细讲解 一、wh-特殊疑问句详解 1. 什么是特殊疑问句? 特殊疑问句是以 wh-开头的疑问词(如what, who, whose, which, where, when, why)或 how 引导的句子。它们用来询问具体的信息,不能简单地用“是”或“不是”来回答,必须给出具体的答案。 例如,如果别人问你“Where do you live?”,你不能只说“Yes”,而必须回答“I live in Beijing.” 2. 核心疑问词详解 What 什么 用来询问事物、事件或人的职业。 你叫什么名字? What is your name? 你在读什么书? What book are you reading? 你爸爸是做什么的? What does your father do? Which 哪一个/哪一些 当提供了一定的选择范围时使用,表示“在有限的范围内选择哪一个”。 你喜欢哪个颜色,红色还是蓝色? Which color do you like, red or blue? 这些书中哪一本是你的? Which of these books is yours? 哪些学生参加了比赛? Which students took part in the competition? Who 谁 用来询问人的身份,在句子中通常作主语。 站在门口的那个人是谁? Who is the person standing at the door? 谁帮你做的作业? Who helped you with your homework? Whom 谁 也是“谁”的意思,但在句子中作宾语(即动作的承受者)。在现代英语口语中,经常用who来代替whom。 你昨天看见谁了? Whom did you see yesterday? (口语常说:Who did you see yesterday?) 你在和谁说话? With whom are you talking? (口语常说:Who are you talking with?) Whose 谁的 用来询问物品的归属关系,后面可以直接跟名词,也可以单独使用。 这是谁的书包? Whose schoolbag is this? 这些是谁的鞋子? Whose shoes are these? 这辆车是谁的? Whose is this car? (此处后面没跟名词) Where 哪里 用来询问地点或位置。 你住在哪里? Where do you live? 我的钥匙在哪里? Where are my keys? 你昨天去了哪里? Where did you go yesterday? When 什么时候 用来询问时间。 你的生日是什么时候? When is your birthday? 你什么时候起床? When do you get up? 会议什么时候开始? When does the meeting start? Why 为什么 用来询问原因或理由,回答时通常用because。 你为什么迟到了? Why are you late? 她为什么哭? Why is she crying? 你为什么不吃饭? Why don't you eat? How 怎么样/如何 用来询问方式、程度、健康状况等,用法非常灵活。 你最近怎么样? How are you these days? 这个单词怎么拼写? How do you spell this word? 去火车站怎么走? How can I get to the train station? How 还可以和其他词组合,构成更多疑问短语: How many + 可数名词复数 询问数量 How many books do you have? 你有多少本书? How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少学生? How much + 不可数名词 询问数量;也可以单独使用询问价格 How much water do you drink every day? 你每天喝多少水? How much is this T-shirt? 这件T恤多少钱? How old 询问年龄 How old are you? 你多大了? How old is your brother? 你弟弟多大了? How often 询问频率(多久一次) How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次? How often do you visit your grandparents? 你多久去看望祖父母一次? How long 询问时长(多久)或长度(多长) How long does it take to get there? 去那里要多久? How long is the bridge? 这座桥有多长? How far 询问距离(多远) How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远? 3. 特殊疑问句的语序 情况一:疑问词作主语或修饰主语时 语序是:疑问词 + 谓语动词 + 其他成分? 谁帮助了你? Who helped you? (who是主语) 谁的包丢了? Whose bag is lost? (whose bag是主语) 情况二:疑问词作宾语、表语或修饰宾语、表语时 语序是:疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序? 你看见了谁? Who did you see? (who是宾语) 你喜欢什么颜色? What color do you like? (what color是宾语) 二、形容词详解 1. 什么是形容词? 形容词是用来描述人或事物的特征、性质、状态的词。它们可以让语言更生动、更准确。比如形容一个人,可以说“高个子的男孩”、“穿红裙子的女孩”、“开心的笑容”。 2. 形容词在句中的位置 位置一:放在名词前作定语 这是形容词最常见的位置,用来修饰后面的名词。 她是一个可爱的女孩。 She is a lovely girl. 我有一本有趣的书。 I have an interesting book. 他住在一栋大房子里。 He lives in a big house. 当多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,通常按以下顺序:限定词(如a/an/the/my)→ 观点(如beautiful, nice)→ 大小(如big, small)→ 年龄(如old, new)→ 颜色(如red, blue)→ 来源(如Chinese, American)→ 材料(如wooden, plastic)→ 用途(如sleeping, waiting)→ 名词 一个漂亮的红色小木屋 a beautiful small red wooden house 位置二:放在系动词后作表语 系动词包括:be动词(am/is/are)、感官动词(look看起来、sound听起来、smell闻起来、taste尝起来、feel感觉)、become变成、get变得等。 这个蛋糕很好吃。 The cake tastes delicious. 她看起来很伤心。 She looks sad. 天气变冷了。 It gets cold. 3. 形容词的分类 描述外观的形容词: 大小:big, small, large, tiny, huge 形状:round, square, long, short, tall 颜色:red, blue, green, yellow, black, white, purple 新旧:new, old, young 描述性质的形容词: 好坏:good, bad, excellent, terrible, wonderful 难易:easy, difficult, hard, simple 温度:hot, cold, warm, cool, freezing 味道:sweet, sour, bitter, delicious, tasty 描述人物状态的形容词: 情绪:happy, sad, angry, excited, bored, surprised, worried 性格:kind, friendly, strict, funny, serious, shy 身体状况:tired, ill, healthy, strong, weak 三、名词复数详解 1. 什么是名词复数? 英语名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。当表示一个以上的人或事物时,要用复数形式。 2. 规则变化 情况一:一般在词尾加 -s 这是最常见的情况。 book → books 书 pen → pens 钢笔 girl → girls 女孩 boy → boys 男孩 day → days 天 情况二:以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的词,加 -es 因为这些字母或字母组合发音需要,加-es才能读出来。 bus → buses 公共汽车 box → boxes 盒子 watch → watches 手表 brush → brushes 刷子 class → classes 班级 情况三:以辅音字母 + y 结尾的词,变 y 为 i,再加 -es 如果是以元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)+ y结尾,则直接加-s。 辅音字母+y: baby → babies 婴儿 city → cities 城市 country → countries 国家 family → families 家庭 元音字母+y: boy → boys 男孩 toy → toys 玩具 key → keys 钥匙 情况四:以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,通常变 f/fe 为 v,再加 -es 这是一个特殊变化,需要单独记忆。 knife → knives 小刀 leaf → leaves 叶子 wife → wives 妻子 wolf → wolves 狼 shelf → shelves 架子 少数直接加-s:roof → roofs 屋顶,belief → beliefs 信念 情况五:以 o 结尾的词 有生命的名词(如人、动植物)一般加 -es,无生命的名词一般加 -s。但有很多例外。 有生命加-es: tomato → tomatoes 西红柿 potato → potatoes 土豆 hero → heroes 英雄 无生命加-s: photo → photos 照片 piano → pianos 钢琴 radio → radios 收音机 zoo → zoos 动物园 3. 不规则变化 改变单词内部的元音字母 man → men 男人 woman → women 女人 foot → feet 脚 tooth → teeth 牙齿 goose → geese 鹅 词尾加 -en 或 -ren child → children 孩子 ox → oxen 公牛 单复数同形 有些名词单数和复数形式一样。 sheep → sheep 绵羊 deer → deer 鹿 fish → fish 鱼(当表示不同种类的鱼时,用fishes) Chinese → Chinese 中国人 Japanese → Japanese 日本人 只有复数形式的名词 trousers 裤子 pants 裤子 glasses 眼镜 scissors 剪刀 shorts 短裤 jeans 牛仔裤 这些词在表达数量时,常用 a pair of...(一条/副...) 4. 复合名词的复数 以 man 或 woman 开头的复合名词,两部分都变复数 man teacher → men teachers 男老师 woman doctor → women doctors 女医生 其他复合名词,通常只在最后一个词变复数 boyfriend → boyfriends 男朋友 girlfriend → girlfriends 女朋友 grown-up → grown-ups 成年人 passer-by → passers-by 路人 5. 名词复数与主谓一致 当名词复数作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式(一般现在时中,动词用原形,be动词用are)。 这些书是新的。 These books are new. 我的朋友们喜欢音乐。 My friends like music. 孩子们在公园里玩耍。 The children are playing in the park. ✍️ 第二部分:分层强化练习(题目部分,无解析) 一、单项选择 1. —______ shoes are these? —They are my brother's. A. Who B. Whose C. What D. Which 2. —______ do you go to the library? —Twice a week. A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How much 3. Look at those ______. They are eating grass in the field. A. sheep B. sheeps C. a sheep D. the sheep 4. —______ is it from your home to school? —About 2 kilometers. A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How many 5. My sister has two ______. She is only 10 months old, so she can't eat hard food. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. toothes 6. —______ book is this? —It's mine. Thank you for finding it. A. Who B. Whom C. Whose D. Which 7. These are not my pencils. ______ are in my pencil case. A. My B. Mine C. I D. Me 8. —______ do you like pandas? —Because they are very cute. A. What B. Which C. Why D. How 9. There are three ______ in our school. They are all very kind to us. A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. woman teachers D. women teachers 10. —______ apples do you want? —Five, please. A. How much B. How many C. How old D. What color 11. The weather today is ______. Let's go for a picnic. A. rain B. rainy C. cloud D. wind 12. These ______ are very interesting. I want to read them again. A. storys B. storyes C. stories D. story 13. —______ is that tall man? —He is my new English teacher. A. What B. Who C. Which D. Whom 14. My mother bought two ______ for the kitchen. A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. knife's 15. —______ do you usually get up in the morning? —At 6:30. A. What time B. How time C. Why D. Where 16. Look! The ______ are playing games on the playground. A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens 17. —______ T-shirt do you like, the red one or the blue one? —The blue one. A. What B. Which C. Whose D. Who 18. I have two ______. One is white, and the other is black. A. watchs B. watches C. watch D. watch's 19. —______ is your new backpack? —It's 50 dollars. A. How many B. How much C. How old D. How long 20. The little girl has a ______ smile. Everyone likes her. A. love B. lovely C. loves D. loving 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Look at those ________ (woman). They are dancing in the square. 2. These ________ (box) are very heavy. Let me help you carry them. 3. —Whose ________ (watch) are these? —They are my father's. 4. The cat is very ________ (love). I want to take it home. 5. My little brother has two new ________ (tooth). He is so cute. 6. There are many ________ (child) in the park. They are flying kites. 7. This is not my ruler. ________ (我的) is in the desk. 8. What ________ (color) balloons do you want? I want red ones. 9. The ________ (man) in a black coat is our headmaster. He is very strict. 10. The story is very ________ (interest). We all like it very much. 11. How many ________ (library) are there in your city? 12. I saw two ________ (thief) running away last night. 13. These ________ (German) are our friends. They are visiting Beijing. 14. The weather is ________ (sun) today. Let's go out for a walk. 15. My grandmother often tells us ________ (fun) stories. 16. There are some ________ (sheep) on the hill. 17. —________ (who) bike is this? —It's Mary's. 18. I have two ________ (pencil-box). One is blue, the other is pink. 19. The soup tastes ________ (well). I want more. 20. Those ________ (Japanese) are learning Chinese in our school. 三、句型转换 1. These are Tom's crayons. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ are these? 2. Those are beautiful flowers. (改为感叹句) ________ ________ flowers they are! 3. The girl is my sister. She is wearing a pink dress. (合并为一句) The girl ________ ________ ________ ________ is my sister. 4. The book is very interesting. (改为感叹句) ________ ________ interesting book it is! 5. I like the blue car, but I don't like the red car. (合并为一句) I like the blue car, but I don't like the ________ ________. 6. These are tomatoes. (改为单数句) ________ is a ________. 7. The man in a white shirt is my uncle. (对划线部分提问) ________ man is your uncle? 8. My mother goes to work by bike every day. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ your mother ________ to work every day? 9. These are oranges. (改为单数句) ________ is an ________. 10. The children are playing football now. (对划线部分提问) ________ are the children ________ now? 四、改错题 1. Whose book are these? ________ 应改为 ________ 2. Look at those woman teachers. They are great! ________ 应改为 ________ 3. The childs are playing in the park happily. ________ 应改为 ________ 4. What beautiful a girl she is! ________ 应改为 ________ 5. I have two knifes in my schoolbag. ________ 应改为 ________ 6. Who's dictionary is this on the desk? ________ 应改为 ________ 7. There are many sheeps on the farm. ________ 应改为 ________ 8. The little girl has three tooths now. ________ 应改为 ________ 9. How many milk do you need? ________ 应改为 ________ 10. This is an interested book. You should read it. ________ 应改为 ________ 五、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 这是谁的书包? ________ ________ is this? 2. 你多久看一次电影? ________ ________ do you watch a movie? 3. 那些男医生非常友好。 Those ________ ________ are very friendly. 4. 多么漂亮的一幅画啊! ________ a ________ picture! 5. 你有多少本故事书? ________ ________ storybooks do you have? 6. 穿着红色外套的那个女孩是我的妹妹。 The girl ________ a red ________ is my sister. 7. 这些不是我的铅笔。我的铅笔在铅笔盒里。 These are not my pencils. ________ are in the pencil box. 8. 你为什么喜欢熊猫?因为它们很可爱。 ________ do you like pandas? ________ they are very cute. 9. 孩子们在操场上放风筝。 The ________ are flying ________ on the playground. 10. 从你家到学校有多远? ________ ________ is it from your home to school? 📝 第三部分:参考答案与详细解析 一、单项选择答案与解析 1. B 由答句“它们是我哥哥的”可知,询问物品归属,用Whose。Who问人,What问事物,Which问选择。 2. B 由答句“每周两次”可知,询问频率,用How often。How long问时长,How far问距离,How much问价格或不可数名词数量。 3. A those后接复数名词,sheep单复数同形,所以选A。B项sheeps是错误写法。 4. C 由答句“大约2公里”可知,询问距离,用How far。How long问时长,How often问频率,How many问可数名词数量。 5. C two后接复数名词,tooth的复数形式是不规则变化teeth。A是单数,B和D是错误形式。 6. C 由答句“它是我的”可知,询问归属,用Whose。Who问人,Whom是who的宾格,Which问选择。 7. B 空后无名词,需用名词性物主代词Mine(我的铅笔)。My是形容词性物主代词,后需跟名词。 8. C 由答句“因为它们很可爱”可知,询问原因,用Why。 9. D three后接复数名词,woman作定语修饰复数名词teachers时,也要变复数women,所以是women teachers。 10. B 由答句“五个”可知,询问可数名词数量,用How many。How much问价格或不可数名词数量。 11. B 系动词is后需接形容词作表语,rainy是形容词,意为“下雨的”。rain是名词或动词。 12. C These后接复数名词,story以辅音+y结尾,变y为i加es,所以是stories。 13. B 由答句“他是我的新英语老师”可知,询问人的身份,用Who。 14. C two后接复数名词,knife以fe结尾,变fe为v加es,所以是knives。 15. A 由答句“六点半”可知,询问具体时间点,用What time。How time不是正确表达。 16. C 谓语are playing是复数,主语需用复数名词,child的复数形式是children。 17. B 由“红色的还是蓝色的”可知,在有限范围内选择,用Which。 18. B two后接复数名词,watch以ch结尾,加es,所以是watches。 19. B 由答句“50美元”可知,询问价格,用How much。 20. B 修饰名词smile,需用形容词lovely(可爱的)。love是动词或名词,loves是动词第三人称单数,loving是形容词但意为“充满爱的”。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空答案与解析 1. women those后接复数,woman的复数是不规则变化women。 2. boxes These后接复数,box以x结尾,加es。 3. watches 系动词are提示主语复数,watch以ch结尾,加es。 4. lovely 系动词is后接形容词作表语,love是名词或动词,需加ly变形容词。 5. teeth two后接复数,tooth复数teeth。 6. children many后接复数,child复数children。 7. Mine 空后无名词,用名词性物主代词Mine。 8. colored/colour 询问颜色,color可作形容词“彩色的”,也可用colour。 9. man 谓语is是单数,主语需用单数,The man in...意为“穿着...的那个男人”。 10. interesting 系动词is后接形容词作表语,interest是名词或动词,加ing变形容词“有趣的”。 11. libraries How many后接复数名词,library以辅音+y结尾,变y为i加es。 12. thieves two后接复数,thief以f结尾,变f为v加es。 13. Germans German的复数直接加s,注意不是Germany。 14. sunny 系动词is后接形容词作表语,sun需双写n加y变形容词。 15. funny 修饰名词stories,需用形容词funny(有趣的)。 16. sheep some后接复数,sheep单复数同形。 17. Whose 空后有名词bike,需用形容词性物主代词Whose。 18. pencil-boxes two后接复数,pencil-box是复合名词,在最后一个词变复数。 19. good tastes是系动词,后接形容词作表语。well作形容词时意为“健康的”,此处用good(味道好的)。 20. Japanese Japanese单复数同形。 三、句型转换答案与解析 1. Whose crayons 划线部分是Tom's,询问归属,用Whose crayons。 2. What beautiful 复数名词flowers前用What引导,结构为What + adj. + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! 3. in a pink dress / wearing a pink dress 用介词短语或现在分词作后置定语,修饰The girl。 4. What an 单数可数名词book前用What an引导,结构为What + a/an + adj. + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! 5. red one 用代词one替代前文提到的car,避免重复,此处指单数,用one。 6. This / tomato These are改为This is,tomatoes改为tomato。 7. Which 划线部分是in a white shirt(穿白衬衫的),是对具体特征的限定,用Which。 8. How does / go 划线部分是by bike(交通方式),询问方式,用How does...go。 9. This / orange These are改为This is,oranges改为orange。 10. What / doing 划线部分是playing football(正在做的事),询问正在做什么,用What...doing。 四、改错题答案与解析 1. book 应改为 books 系动词are对应复数主语,询问“这些是谁的书”,用复数books。 2. woman 应改为 women woman作定语修饰复数teachers,两部分都要变复数,所以是women teachers。 3. childs 应改为 children child的复数形式是不规则变化children。 4. beautiful 应改为 a beautiful 感叹句正确结构:What a beautiful girl she is! 5. knifes 应改为 knives 以fe结尾的名词变复数,变fe为v加es。 6. Who's 应改为 Whose Who's是Who is的缩写,此处需要表示“谁的”,用Whose。 7. sheeps 应改为 sheep sheep单复数同形,复数不加s。 8. tooths 应改为 teeth tooth的复数是不规则变化teeth。 9. How many 应改为 How much milk是不可数名词,询问数量用How much。 10. interested 应改为 interesting 修饰物(书)用interesting(有趣的),interested修饰人(感到有趣的)。 五、根据汉语意思完成句子答案与解析 1. Whose schoolbag 询问归属,用Whose + 名词。 2. How often 询问频率,用How often。 3. men doctors 复数,man doctor两部分都变复数。 4. What / beautiful 感叹句结构:What a beautiful picture! 5. How many storybooks是可数名词复数,询问数量用How many。 6. in / coat 穿着什么颜色的衣服,用in + 颜色 + 服装。 7. Mine 名词性物主代词,相当于my pencils。 8. Why / Because 询问原因用Why,回答用Because。 9. children / kites child的复数children,kite的复数kites。 10. How far 询问距离,用How far。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit1语法专练- 2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级下册
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Unit1语法专练- 2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级下册
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Unit1语法专练- 2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级下册
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