Unit5语法专练2025-2026学年沪教版(五四学制）英语八年级下册

沪教五四制八下第五单元语法专练 宾语从句 whether / if 第一部分：基本概念 1. 什么是 whether / if 引导的宾语从句？ whether 和 if 引导的宾语从句表示"是否"的意思，用来表达不确定的事情或选择疑问。它们引导的从句在句子中充当宾语。 结构：主句 + 及物动词 + whether / if + 陈述句 含义：主句的主语"不知道/想知道/不确定……是否……" 2. 基本例句 I don't know whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来 She asked if I was from China. 她问我是否来自中国 He wondered whether she liked the gift. 他想知道她是否喜欢这个礼物 Can you tell me if the train has arrived? 你能告诉我火车是否已经到了吗？ 第二部分：whether 与 if 的共同用法 1. 都可以引导宾语从句 在大多数情况下，whether 和 if 可以互换使用，意思相同。 I don't know whether / if he is a teacher. 我不知道他是不是老师 She asked whether / if I could help her. 她问我是否能帮她 He wondered whether / if they would arrive on time. 他想知道他们是否会准时到 2. 都可以与 or not 连用 whether 和 if 都可以与 or not 连用，表示"是否……还是不……"，但位置有差异。 whether... or not：whether 可以放在从句开头，or not 放在句末 whether or not：whether 可以直接与 or not 连用 if... or not：if 只能与 or not 分开使用，or not 放在句末 例句： I don't know whether he will come or not. 我不知道他是否会来 I don't know whether or not he will come. 我不知道他是否会来 I don't know if he will come or not. 我不知道他是否会来 3. 都可以用于某些动词后 常见的可以接 whether/if 宾语从句的动词： 知道/不知道类：know, wonder, ask, doubt 告诉/询问类：tell, ask, see, check 不确定类：be not sure, be uncertain, don't know 例句： I wonder whether / if she will agree. 我想知道她是否会同意 Can you check whether / if the door is locked? 你能检查一下门是否锁了吗？ I doubt whether / if he is telling the truth. 我怀疑他是否在说实话 第三部分：只能用 whether 的情况 在某些情况下，只能用 whether，不能用 if。 1. 当从句作主语时 Whether he will come is still unknown. 他是否会来仍然未知 Whether she likes it doesn't matter. 她是否喜欢并不重要 2. 当从句作介词宾语时 It depends on whether we have enough time. 这取决于我们是否有足够的时间 I'm thinking about whether I should accept the job. 我在考虑是否应该接受这份工作 They are discussing the question of whether to build a new school. 他们在讨论是否建一所新学校的问题 3. 当后面直接跟 or not 时 Whether or not he agrees, we will go. 无论他是否同意，我们都会去 I need to decide whether or not to accept the offer. 我需要决定是否接受这个提议 4. 当后面接不定式时 I can't decide whether to go or stay. 我不能决定是去还是留 She doesn't know whether to accept the job. 她不知道是否接受这份工作 He asked me whether to wait for them. 他问我是否要等他们 5. 在某些动词后（如 discuss） We discussed whether we should move to a new city. 我们讨论了是否应该搬到一个新城市 They debated whether the plan was feasible. 他们辩论了这个计划是否可行 6. 避免歧义时 当 if 可能被误解为"如果"时，用 whether 更清晰。 Please let me know whether you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来 （如果用 if，可能被误解为"如果你能来，请告诉我"） 7. 在正式文体中 在正式写作中，whether 更常用，被认为更正式。 The committee will decide whether the application is approved. 委员会将决定申请是否获批 第四部分：只能用 if 的情况 在某些非正式场合，if 更常用，但严格来说，if 不能用于上面提到的只能用 whether 的情况。不过，在口语和非正式写作中，if 的使用范围更广。 1. 在口语和非正式文体中 I'll see if he's home. 我去看看他是否在家 Do you know if she's coming? 你知道她是否会来吗？ 2. 在某些固定表达中 Ask if you have any questions. 如果有问题尽管问（这里的 if 是"如果"的意思） 3. 在否定句中 I don't care if he comes or not. 我不在乎他是否来 第五部分：whether 与 if 的对比表 whether 和 if 可以互换的情况 引导动词后的宾语从句：I don't know whether/if he will come. 与 or not 连用（分开时）：I don't know whether/if he will come or not. 只能用 whether 的情况 从句作主语：Whether he will come is unknown. 作介词宾语：It depends on whether he comes. 直接跟 or not：I need to decide whether or not to go. 跟不定式：I can't decide whether to go. 在某些动词后（如 discuss）：We discussed whether to go. 避免歧义：Let me know whether you can come.（不用if） 只能用 if 的情况 引导条件状语从句（"如果"）：If it rains, we'll stay home. 在口语和非正式文体中（实际使用更灵活）：I'll check if he's there. 第六部分：whether / if 宾语从句的时态和语序 1. 时态规则 与 that 宾语从句一样，whether/if 宾语从句的时态也要遵循时态呼应的规则。 主句现在时，从句可以用任何需要的时态： I don't know whether he is at home now. I don't know whether he was at home yesterday. I don't know whether he will be at home tomorrow. 主句过去时，从句通常用过去的某种时态： I didn't know whether he was at home. She asked whether I had finished the work. He wondered whether they would come. 客观真理仍用一般现在时： The teacher asked whether the earth goes around the sun. 2. 语序规则 whether/if 引导的宾语从句必须用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。 疑问句：Is he at home? 他在家吗？ 宾语从句：I don't know whether he is at home. 我不知道他是否在家 疑问句：Will she come? 她会来吗？ 宾语从句：She asked if I would come. 她问我是否会来 3. 常见错误 错误：I don't know whether is he at home. 正确：I don't know whether he is at home. 错误：Can you tell me if does she like it? 正确：Can you tell me if she likes it? 第七部分：常见易错点 易错点1：该用 whether 时用了 if 错误：If he will come is unknown.（if 从句不能作主语） 正确：Whether he will come is unknown. 错误：It depends on if we have time.（介词后不能用 if） 正确：It depends on whether we have time. 错误：I don't know if or not to go.（if 不能直接跟 or not） 正确：I don't know whether or not to go. 错误：He asked me if to wait.（if 不能跟不定式） 正确：He asked me whether to wait. 易错点2：语序错误 错误：I don't know whether is he at home. 正确：I don't know whether he is at home. 错误：She asked if was I tired. 正确：She asked if I was tired. 易错点3：时态错误 错误：He asked me whether I will come. 正确：He asked me whether I would come.（主句过去时，从句用过去将来时） 错误：I don't know whether he will comes. 正确：I don't know whether he will come.（will 后跟动词原形） 易错点4：与 that 混淆 错误：I don't know that he is at home.（想表达"是否"时） 正确：I don't know whether/if he is at home. 错误：He told me whether he would come.（想表达"陈述事实"时） 正确：He told me that he would come. 易错点5：or not 的位置错误 错误：I don't know if or not he will come. 正确：I don't know if he will come or not. 正确：I don't know whether or not he will come. 正确：I don't know whether he will come or not. 易错点6：与条件状语从句混淆 宾语从句（是否）：I don't know if he will come. 我不知道他是否会来 条件状语从句（如果）：If he comes, I'll be happy. 如果他来，我会很高兴 区分方法：宾语从句跟在动词后作宾语，可以换成 whether；条件状语从句表示条件，不能换成 whether。 第八部分：练习题 Level 1：用 whether 或 if 填空 1. I don't know ________ he is at home. 2. She asked ________ I liked the gift. 3. Can you tell me ________ the train has arrived? 4. He wondered ________ they would come on time. 5. It depends on ________ we have enough money. 6. ________ he will come is still unknown. 7. I'm not sure ________ to accept the job. 8. We discussed ________ we should move to a new city. Level 2：选择正确的选项 1. I don't know ________ he will come. A. whether B. if C. that D. both A and B 2. ________ he will agree is still a question. A. If B. Whether C. That D. What 3. It depends on ________ we have enough time. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 4. I can't decide ________ to go or stay. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 5. She asked me ________ I was tired. A. if B. whether C. that D. both A and B 6. I don't know ________ he will come or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. both A and B 7. They discussed ________ they should build a new school. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 8. ________ or not he agrees, we will go. A. If B. Whether C. That D. What Level 3：改错题（每句有一处错误） 1. I don't know if is he at home. _________________________________________________________________ 2. She asked me whether I will come. _________________________________________________________________ 3. If he will come is unknown. _________________________________________________________________ 4. It depends on if we have enough time. _________________________________________________________________ 5. I can't decide if to go or stay. _________________________________________________________________ 6. He asked me that I was from China. _________________________________________________________________ 7. I don't know whether or not is he coming. _________________________________________________________________ 8. She wondered if would they arrive on time. _________________________________________________________________ Level 4：完成句子（根据中文提示） 1. 我不知道他是否会来。 I don't know ________ he ________ come. 2. 她问我是否喜欢这个礼物。 She asked me ________ I ________ the gift. 3. 这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。 It depends on ________ we have enough time. 4. 他是否会来还是个问题。 ________ he will come is still a question. 5. 我不能决定是去还是留。 I can't decide ________ to go ________ stay. 6. 无论他是否同意，我们都会去。 ________ or not he agrees, we will go. 7. 你能告诉我火车是否已经到了吗？ Can you tell me ________ the train ________ arrived? 8. 他问我是否累了。 He asked me ________ I ________ tired. Level 5：判断下列句子是否正确（正确的写T，错误的写F并改正） 1. I don't know if he is at home. ________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. If he will come is still unknown. ________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. It depends on whether we have enough time. ________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. I can't decide if to go. ________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. She asked me whether I was tired. ________ _________________________________________________________________ 6. He wondered if would she come. ________ _________________________________________________________________ 7. I don't know whether or not he will come. ________ _________________________________________________________________ 8. They discussed if they should move. ________ _________________________________________________________________ Level 6：选择正确的引导词（that, whether, if, what, where, when, why） 1. I don't know ________ he is a teacher or a doctor. 2. She said ________ she would come tomorrow. 3. Can you tell me ________ the station is? 4. He asked ________ I was from China. 5. I don't know ________ he is coming. 6. He explained ________ he was late. 7. The teacher told us ________ the earth is round. 8. I wonder ________ she will come to the party. 9. Do you know ________ the movie starts? 10. I don't understand ________ you said. Level 7：翻译句子 1. 我不知道他是否会来。 _________________________________________________________________ 2. 她问我是否喜欢这个礼物。 _________________________________________________________________ 3. 这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。 _________________________________________________________________ 4. 他是否会来还是个问题。 _________________________________________________________________ 5. 我不能决定是去还是留。 _________________________________________________________________ 6. 无论他是否同意，我们都会去。 _________________________________________________________________ 7. 你能告诉我火车是否已经到了吗？ _________________________________________________________________ 8. 他问我是否累了。 _________________________________________________________________ 第九部分：综合测试 Section A：单项选择（15题） 1. I don't know ________ he will come. A. if B. whether C. that D. both A and B 2. ________ he will agree is still a question. A. If B. Whether C. That D. What 3. It depends on ________ we have enough time. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 4. I can't decide ________ to go or stay. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 5. She asked me ________ I was tired. A. if B. whether C. that D. both A and B 6. I don't know ________ he will come or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. both A and B 7. They discussed ________ they should build a new school. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 8. ________ or not he agrees, we will go. A. If B. Whether C. That D. What 9. I don't know ________ he is at home. A. if B. whether C. that D. both A and B 10. He asked me ________ I was from China. A. if B. whether C. that D. both A and B 11. I wonder ________ she will like the gift. A. if B. whether C. that D. both A and B 12. The question is ________ we can finish on time. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 13. I'm thinking about ________ I should accept the job. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 14. He asked me ________ to wait for them. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 15. I don't know ________ he said that. A. if B. whether C. why D. both A and B Section B：用 whether, if, that, what, where, when, why 填空 1. I know ________ he is a doctor. 2. I don't know ________ he is a teacher or a doctor. 3. Can you tell me ________ the station is? 4. She asked ________ I was from China. 5. I don't know ________ he is coming. 6. He explained ________ he was late. 7. The teacher told us ________ the earth is round. 8. I wonder ________ she will come to the party. 9. Do you know ________ the movie starts? 10. I don't understand ________ you said. Section C：句型转换 1. Is he at home? I don't know. → I don't know ________ ________ at home. 2. Will she come? She asked. → She asked ________ she ________ come. 3. He may agree. It depends on the time. → It depends on ________ he agrees. 4. Should I go or stay? I can't decide. → I can't decide ________ to go ________ stay. 5. He will come. I don't know that. → I don't know ________ he ________ come. Section D：改错题（5题） 1. I don't know if is he at home. _________________________________________________________________ 2. If he will come is unknown. _________________________________________________________________ 3. It depends on if we have enough time. _________________________________________________________________ 4. I can't decide if to go or stay. _________________________________________________________________ 5. He asked me that I was from China. _________________________________________________________________ 第十部分：参考答案 Level 1 答案 1. whether / if 2. whether / if 3. whether / if 4. whether / if 5. whether（介词后用whether） 6. Whether（主语从句用whether） 7. whether（不定式前用whether） 8. whether（discuss后用whether） Level 2 答案 1. D（两者都可） 2. B（主语从句用whether） 3. B（介词后用whether） 4. B（不定式前用whether） 5. D（两者都可） 6. D（两者都可，但位置不同） 7. B（discuss后用whether） 8. B（whether or not固定搭配） Level 3 答案 1. I don't know if he is at home.（陈述语序） 2. She asked me whether I would come.（时态呼应） 3. Whether he will come is unknown.（主语从句用whether） 4. It depends on whether we have enough time.（介词后用whether） 5. I can't decide whether to go or stay.（不定式前用whether） 6. He asked me if/whether I was from China.（询问是否，用if/whether） 7. I don't know whether or not he is coming.（陈述语序） 8. She wondered if they would arrive on time.（陈述语序） Level 4 答案 1. if/whether; will 2. if/whether; liked 3. whether 4. Whether 5. whether; or 6. Whether 7. if/whether; has 8. if/whether; was Level 5 答案 1. T（正确） 2. F → Whether he will come is still unknown. 3. T（正确） 4. F → I can't decide whether to go. 5. T（正确） 6. F → He wondered if she would come. 7. T（正确） 8. F → They discussed whether they should move. Level 6 答案 1. whether（有or，表示选择） 2. that（陈述事实） 3. where（询问地点） 4. if/whether（询问是否） 5. when/if（何时/是否） 6. why（询问原因） 7. that（陈述事实） 8. if/whether（询问是否） 9. when（询问时间） 10. what（询问内容） Level 7 答案 1. I don't know if/whether he will come. 2. She asked me if/whether I liked the gift. 3. It depends on whether we have enough time. 4. Whether he will come is still a question. 5. I can't decide whether to go or stay. 6. Whether or not he agrees, we will go. 7. Can you tell me if/whether the train has arrived? 8. He asked me if/whether I was tired. 综合测试答案 Section A： 1-5 D B B B D 6-10 D B B D D 11-15 D B B B C Section B： 1. that 2. whether 3. where 4. if/whether 5. when/if 6. why 7. that 8. if/whether 9. when 10. what Section C： 1. if/whether he is 2. if/whether; would 3. whether 4. whether; or 5. if/whether; will Section D： 1. I don't know if he is at home. 2. Whether he will come is unknown. 3. It depends on whether we have enough time. 4. I can't decide whether to go or stay. 5. He asked me if/whether I was from China. 第十一部分：记忆口诀 whether 与 if 口诀 whether if 都可表"是否"， 动词后面常牵手。 但要注意特殊处， 只能用 whether 记清楚。 只能用 whether 的情况 主语从句用 whether， 介词宾语用 whether， 不定式前用 whether， whether or not 是固定， discuss 后面用 whether。 语序口诀 宾语从句要记清， 陈述语序不能忘。 whether he is at home， 而不是 whether is he at home。 时态口诀 主句过去从句变， 过去某种时态现。 客观真理永不变， 一般现在记心间。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $