Unit 3 The world at one click 语法篇（“导”与“练”）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册导练测同步（译林版2024）

Unit 3 The world at one click语法篇 现在完成时III(一般现在时与现在完成时的区别) 关于“现在完成时III(一般现在时与现在完成时的区别)”语法内容，教材如是说： 一般过去时和现在完成时都可以表示过去发生的动作，但是在具体的语境中，这两种时态有明显的 区别。 ◆一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态，说话的侧重点在陈述过去发生的事情或存在的状态。如： I went to Beijing last month. 我上个月去过北京。 Tom was in China in 2022. 2022年汤姆在中国。 ◆现在完成时表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成(不一定结束)的动作或状态，强调造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。如： I have bought a new mobile phone. 我买了一部新手机。(言下之意：我现在有新手机用了。) I have been to Jingdezhen many times. 我去过景德镇很多次。(言下之意：我对景德镇比较熟悉。) 注意：一般过去时通常与yesterday、last week、two years ago、just now、in 2022等时间状语连用。现在完成时则通常和many times、so far、till now、recently等时间状语连用。 一、旧知复习 现将前面学过的六种时态复习一下。 时态 构成 用法 一般现在时 do/does(原形多词/第三人称单数) (be动词用：is/am/are) 一般过去时 did(过去式-ed) (be动词用：was/were) 一般将来时 will do is/am/are going to do 现在进行时 is/am/are doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 现在完成时 has/have done 二、核心比较 项目 一般过去时 现在完成时 构成形式不同 由_____________构成(be动词用__________；规则动词通常在词尾加-ed；不规则动词则有各自特殊的过去式，需特殊记忆) 由“___________________”构成。其中，____用于第三人称单数(he/she/it)，其他人称用_____。(规则动词的过去分词与过去式形式相同；不规则动词的过去分词有的与过去式相同，有的则不同，需特殊记忆) ①肯定句：____________(规则+ed/不规则变形) ②否定句：__________________ ③一般疑问句： __________________? 答：Yes, __________________. No, __________________. be动词的否定句和疑问句则在was或were后面加not；疑问句则把was或were提到主语前。 ①肯定句：___________________________ (I/you/we/they用______；he/she/it用______) ②否定句：___________________________ ③一般疑问句：__________________________? 答：Yes, __________________. No, __________________. 涉及时间不同 三、难点突破 项目 一般过去时 现在完成时 与“for+时间段”时间状语连用 肯定句中谓语动词要用延续性动词；只表示在过去延续一段时间而已，不涉及现在。 肯定句中谓语动词要用延续性动词；表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。 ①—Have you ever been to Xuzhou? —Yes. In fact, I ________ there for four years but now I work in Yangzhou. A. have studied B. studied C. was studying D. will study 【答案】 【解析】 ②—Why are you worried? —I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She ________ HK for three years. A. has been in B. went to C. has been to D. has gone to 【答案】 【解析】 两种时态的转换 注意： 如果一般过去时谓语动词为暂性动词，我们就要把它转换成相应的延续性动词。 过去时间点 ●since+过去时间点 ●for+时间段(从前面的过去时间点推算到现在<即说话时>为止的时间长度) ①Broadway became famous in the early twentieth century. →Broadway ________ ________ famous ________ the early twentieth century. 【答案】 【解析】 ②Tom bought a new bike last month. →Tom ________ ________ a new bike ________ a month. 【答案】 【解析】 ③Doctor Li worked in this hospital in 2007.(Now, he is working there.) →Doctor Li ________ ________ in this hospital ________ 20 years. →Doctor Li ________ ________ has worked in this hospital ________ 2007. 【答案】 【解析】 时间段+ago ●since+时间段+ago ●for+时间段 They got to the airport an hour ago. →They ________ ________ ________ the airport ________ an hour. →They ________ ________ ________ the airport ________ an hour ago. 【答案】 【解析】 还有换句型的： It _____________________ he joined the army.自从他已经参军已经两年了。 ___________________________ he joined the army.自从他参军已经两年过去了。 通常的转换方法： _______________________________.他两年前参军了。 _______________________________.他已经参军两年了。 _______________________________________.自从两年前他就参军了。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The world at one click语法篇 现在完成时III(一般现在时与现在完成时的区别) 关于“现在完成时III(一般现在时与现在完成时的区别)”语法内容，教材如是说： 一般过去时和现在完成时都可以表示过去发生的动作，但是在具体的语境中，这两种时态有明显的 区别。 ◆一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态，说话的侧重点在陈述过去发生的事情或存在的状态。如： I went to Beijing last month. 我上个月去过北京。 Tom was in China in 2022. 2022年汤姆在中国。 ◆现在完成时表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成(不一定结束)的动作或状态，强调造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。如： I have bought a new mobile phone. 我买了一部新手机。(言下之意：我现在有新手机用了。) I have been to Jingdezhen many times. 我去过景德镇很多次。(言下之意：我对景德镇比较熟悉。) 注意：一般过去时通常与yesterday、last week、two years ago、just now、in 2022等时间状语连用。现在完成时则通常和many times、so far、till now、recently等时间状语连用。 一、旧知复习 现将前面学过的六种时态复习一下。 时态 构成 用法 一般现在时 do/does(原形多词/第三人称单数) (be动词用：is/am/are) ●用动词be的一般现在时谈论事实和状态； ●行为动词的一般现在时可用于以下情况： ▲经常性、习惯性的行为； ▲不受时间限制的客观事实； ▲人或物的一般特征。 一般过去时 did(过去式-ed) (be动词用：was/were) 在过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 一般将来时 will do is/am/are going to do ●用will来谈论即将发生的事情； ●说话人说话时所作的决定； ●用be going to来谈论即将发生的事情。 现在进行时 is/am/are doing ●表示正在进行的动作或状态； ●说话时正在进行或发生的动作、当前一段时间内的活动或 现阶段正在进行的动作。 过去进行时 was/were doing ●过去某一时刻正在进行的动作； ●过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。 现在完成时 has/have done ●从过去持续到现在的动作或状态； ●已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。 二、核心比较 项目 一般过去时 现在完成时 构成形式不同 由动词的过去式构成(be动词用was, were；规则动词通常在词尾加-ed；不规则动词则有各自特殊的过去式，需特殊记忆) 由“have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。其中，has用于第三人称单数(he/she/it)，其他人称用 have。(规则动词的过去分词与过去式形式相同；不规则动词的过去分词有的与过去式相同，有的则不同，需特殊记忆) ①肯定句：主语+动词过去式(规则+ed/不规则变形) ②否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形 ③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形？ 答：Yes, 主语(代词)+did. No, 主语(代词)+didn’t. be动词的否定句和疑问句则在was或were后面加not；疑问句则把was或were提到主语前。 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词过去分词 (I/you/we/they用have；he/she/it用has) ②否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词过去分词 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词？ 答：Yes, 主语(代词)+have/has. No, 主语(代词)+haven’t/hasn’t. 涉及时间不同 只涉及过去，与现在无关联，且只着眼于过去(单纯叙述过去发生的事情，重点在过去的动作本身)。 不仅关联过去，而且关联现在，且只着眼于现在(重点在于过去的动作和现在的联系，强调现在的情况)。 三、难点突破 项目 一般过去时 现在完成时 与“for+时间段”时间状语连用 肯定句中谓语动词要用延续性动词；只表示在过去延续一段时间而已，不涉及现在。 肯定句中谓语动词要用延续性动词；表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。 ①—Have you ever been to Xuzhou? —Yes. In fact, I ________ there for four years but now I work in Yangzhou. A. have studied B. studied C. was studying D. will study 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你去过苏州吗？”“去过。事实上，我在那里学习了四年，但现在我在扬州工作。”have studied现在完成时；studied一般过去时；was studying过去进行时；will study一般将来时。根据“I...there for four years but now I work in Yangzhou.”可知，此处是说在苏州学习了四年，但人现在是在扬州工作，描述过去的事，因此用一般过去时，故选B。 ②—Why are you worried? —I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She ________ HK for three years. A. has been in B. went to C. has been to D. has gone to 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“你为什么担忧？”“我在等我女儿的电话。她已经在香港三年了。”has been in在，可延续；went to去了，一般过去时；has been to去过；has gone to去了。根据“for three years”可知此句应用现在完成时，排除选项B；“for three years”表示一段时间，动词需用可延续性动词“has been in”，故选A。 两种时态的转换 注意： 如果一般过去时谓语动词为暂性动词，我们就要把它转换成相应的延续性动词。 过去时间点 ●since+过去时间点 ●for+时间段(从前面的过去时间点推算到现在<即说话时>为止的时间长度) ①Broadway became famous in the early twentieth century. →Broadway ________ ________ famous ________ the early twentieth century. 【答案】has been, since 【解析】句意：百老汇在20世纪初变得著名。要求改成现在完成时，句子则表达为“百老汇自20世纪初以来一直非常有名。”，since“自从”，后跟时间点，句子应使用延续性动词，became是短暂性动词，其延续性动词为be，故填has been, since。 ②Tom bought a new bike last month. →Tom ________ ________ a new bike ________ a month. 【答案】has had, for 【解析】句意：汤姆上个月买了一辆新自行车。原句为一般过去时，改为现在完成时时，短暂性动词bought需要改成延续性动词have，其过去分词是had，过去时间点last month要改成时间段for a month，故填has had, for。 ③Doctor Li worked in this hospital in 2007.(Now, he is working there.) →Doctor Li ________ ________ in this hospital ________ 20 years. →Doctor Li ________ ________ has worked in this hospital ________ 2007. 【答案】has worked, for/has worked, since 【解析】句意：李医生自2001年以来一直在这家医院工作。根据原句推算到现在(2026年) 已经有20年了，可以“现在完成时+for 20 years”转换，故填has worked, for。也可以用“现在完成时+since 2007”转换，故填has worked, since。注意：work是延续性动词，转换时不用换。 时间段+ago ●since+时间段+ago ●for+时间段 They got to the airport an hour ago. →They ________ ________ ________ the airport ________ an hour. →They ________ ________ ________ the airport ________ an hour ago. 【答案】have been at, for/have been at, since 【解析】句意：他们一小时前到达机场。原句为一般过去时，转变为现在完成时，即表示“他们已经到机场一个小时了”。使用时间状语for an hour或者since an hour ago，注意要把got to谓语动词要变为延续性动词，have been at符合句意，故填have been at, for/have been at, since。 还有换句型的： It has been two years since he joined the army.自从他已经参军已经两年了。 Two years have passed since he joined the army.自从他参军已经两年过去了。 通常的转换方法： He joined the army two years ago.他两年前参军了。 He has been in the army for two years.他已经参军两年了。 He has been in the army since two years ago.自从两年前他就参军了。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The world at one click语法篇 现在完成时III(一般现在时与现在完成时的区别) (满分50分，答题时间45分钟) 一、单项选择(每题1分，满分30分) 1. I _______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it to the library tomorrow. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 2. Tom ________Chinese food ________ he came to Xuzhou in 2000. A. has fallen in love with, since B. fell in love with, since C. has been in love with, since D. falls in love with, when 3. —How long ________ your home? —________. I miss my parents very much. However, I can’t go home. A. have you been away from, Last year B. have you been away from, Since last year C. did you leave, Last year D. did you leave, Since last year 4. —I haven’t seen you for two years! —Oh, I ________ as a teacher at Sunshine Middle School for four years, and now I become a writer. A. have worked B. worked C. have been working D. have been in 5. Mr. Wang ___________ a beautiful lady in 2019. He and his wife ___________ for six years. A. got married with, have been married B. married, have been married C. married to, have got married D. got married to, have got married 6. —My uncle ________ the club in 2022. He ________ the club for over 2 years. —Really? I thought he was a green hand. A. joined, has been a member of B. joined, has joined C. has joined, has joined D. has joined, has been in 7. —Tim, I remember you ________ Beijing several years ago. —Yes, we ________ Beijing for three years. A. left, have left B. have left, are away from C. left, have been away from D. have left, have been away from 8. In the past few years, the number of wild animals ______ gradually, and we need to ______ people’s awareness of protecting them. A. has risen, raise B. has raised, rise C. rose, raise D. raised, rise 9. Since last month we ________ the volunteer program, we ________ more than 200 volunteers. A. have started, had B. started, have C. have started, have D. started, have had 10. — ____________ my glasses? I can’t read without them. —I ____________ them on the desk, but they are not there now. A. Have you seen, have seen B. Have you seen, saw C. Did you see, have seen D. Did you see, saw 11. In the past 40 years, Zhang Guimei ________ many girls from poor areas in Yunnan. A. helped B. is helping C. has helped D. will help 12. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ________ of my coming exams. A. am thinking B. was thinking C. thought D. have thought 13. —Where is Millie? I haven’t seen her for ________ . —I hear that she ________ Beijing for two days. A. sometimes, went to B. sometime, has gone to C. some times, has been to D. some time, has been in 14. The Gumokou museum ________ last week, and thousands of students ________ it already. A. opened, visited B. has opened, have visited C. opened, have visited D. has opened, visited 15. —Has your uncle returned from Shanghai? —Yes, he ________ there for a week and says he ________ there. A. stayed, wasn’t used to staying B. has stayed, didn’t use to staying C. has stayed, didn’t use to stay D. stayed, wasn’t used to stay 16. —When _________ your dad _________ this car? —In 2013. He _________ this car for ten years. He loves it very much. A. has, bought, has had B. has, bought, has bought C. did, buy, has bought D. did, buy, has had 17. They ________ the source of the underground river since dawn, but the harsh terrain(崎岖的地形)keeps delaying their progress. A. explore B. explored C. have explored D. have been exploring 18. —When ________ your father ________ the Health Club? —Many years ago. He ________ the club for a long time. A. did, join, has joined B. has, joined, has joined C. did, join, has been in D. has, joined, has been a member of 19. We ________ six activities since the singing club was set up. A. have organized B. organized C. will organize D. organize 20. Tea was born in China over 4,000 years ago. Now it ________ part of people’s life around the world. A. became B. has become C. was becoming D. become 21. —Have you watched the film Gulliver’s Travels? —Yes, I ________ it during the Spring Festival. What about you? A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. have watched 22. I saw Harry in February and I ________ him since then. A. didn’t see B. won’t see C. haven’t seen D. don’t see 23. In my school days, I ________ a lot of reading in English every day. That was how I learned English at that time. A. do B. did C. have done D. will do 24. Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A. become B. became C. has become D. is becoming 25. We ________ on the countryside road when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back. A. jogged B. were jogging C. have jogged D. will jog 26. We ________ our foreign teacher since he ________ to America. A. haven’t heard from; returned B. didn’t hear from; returned C. didn’t hear from; returns D. haven’t heard from; returns 27. —Is Danny at home now? —No. He _______ the park. He _______ there half an hour ago. A. has gone to, went B. has gone to, has gone C. has been to, went D. has been to, has gone 28. It ________ two years since we ________this school. We really love it. A. was, has entered B. is, entered C. has been, entered D. both B and C 29. —Anna,have you ________ seen China’s Got Talent (《中国达人秀》)? —Of course.I ________ it last weekend. A. never, saw B. ever, have seen C. never, have seen D. ever, saw 30. —How often do you visit your grandparents, Lucy? —Not quite often. It’s three months since I ________ them last time. I miss them very much. A. have met B. meet C. met D. meeting 二、句子改写(每题2分，满分20分) 1. The volunteers helped repair over ten bicycles last week. The volunteers _____________ repair over ten bicycles ________ last week. 2. They played soccer an hour ago. They __________________ soccer an hour. 3. My grandparents got married 40 years ago. My grandparents _____________________________ 40 years. 4. My brother bought a new phone last month. My brother a new phone for a month. 5. The river became dirty last year. The river dirty last year. 6. They got to know each other in 1990. They each other for more than thirty years. 7. The first Starbucks coffee shop opened in 1971. The first Starbucks coffee shop ____________________________ 1971. 8. The meeting finished a moment ago. The meeting __________________________ a moment. The meeting __________________________ a moment ________. 9. We began to learn English two years ago. We English two years. 10. He received a letter from his brother three days ago. Three days he received the letter from his brother. 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The world at one click语法篇 现在完成时III(一般现在时与现在完成时的区别) (满分50分，答题时间45分钟) 一、单项选择(每题1分，满分30分) 1. I _______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it to the library tomorrow. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这本书我已经借了两周了，明天必须把它还给图书馆。borrowed(借，短暂性动词)；have borrowed(已经借，短暂性动词的现在完成时)；kept(保存/借，延续性动词)；have kept(已经保存/借，延续性动词的现在完成时)。根据时间状语“for two weeks”可知，动作持续了两周，需用延续性动词的现在完成时。borrow是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，而keep可表示“借(并持有)”，是延续性动词，故选D。 2. Tom ________Chinese food ________ he came to Xuzhou in 2000. A. has fallen in love with, since B. fell in love with, since C. has been in love with, since D. falls in love with, when 【答案】C 【解析】句意：自从2000年来到徐州，汤姆就爱上了中国菜。has fallen in love with已经爱上；since自从；fell in love with爱上了；has been in love with一直爱着；falls in love with爱上；when当……时。根据“Tom…Chinese food…he came to Xuzhou in 2000.”的语境可知，此处指自从2000年来到徐州，汤姆就爱上了中国菜，用since引导时间状语从句，主句时态为现在完成时，且表示延续的动作或状态，故选C。 3. —How long ________ your home? —________. I miss my parents very much. However, I can’t go home. A. have you been away from, Last year B. have you been away from, Since last year C. did you leave, Last year D. did you leave, Since last year 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你离开家多久了？”“自从去年。我非常想念我的父母，然而我不能回家。”问句“How long...”询问时间段，需与延续性动词或状态连用，be away from 是延续性状态，用现在完成时；“Since last year”表示“自去年以来”，与现在完成时搭配，故选B。 4. —I haven’t seen you for two years! —Oh, I ________ as a teacher at Sunshine Middle School for four years, and now I become a writer. A. have worked B. worked C. have been working D. have been in 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“我两年没见你了！”“哦，我在阳光中学当了四年老师，现在成了一名作家。”have been working一直在工作，现在完成进行时；worked工作过，一般过去时；have worked工作过，现在完成时；have been in一直在，现在完成时。根据答语后半句“and now I become a writer”可知，说话人现在已成为作家，不再当老师，因此“当老师”是过去已结束的经历，需用一般过去时，故选B。 5. Mr. Wang ___________ a beautiful lady in 2019. He and his wife ___________ for six years. A. got married with, have been married B. married, have been married C. married to, have got married D. got married to, have got married 【答案】B 【解析】句意：王先生在2019年娶了一位美丽的女士。他和他的妻子已经结婚六年了。第一空，根据“Mr. Wang ... a beautiful lady”可知，此处是指王先生和一位美丽的女士结婚了，marry作及物动词时，可直接接宾语，即married a beautiful lady，排除C；“get married to sb.”是固定搭配，意为“与某人结婚”，即got married to a beautiful lady，排除A；第二空，根据“for six years”可知，这里需要用延续性动词的现在完成时，“get married”是短暂性动作，不能与时间段连用；“be married”是延续性状态，“have been married”可以和“for six years”搭配，排除D，故选B。 6. —My uncle ________ the club in 2022. He ________ the club for over 2 years. —Really? I thought he was a green hand. A. joined, has been a member of B. joined, has joined C. has joined, has joined D. has joined, has been in 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“我叔叔在2022年加入了俱乐部。他成为俱乐部成员已经超过两年了。”“真的吗？我还以为他是个新手。”joined加入，一般过去时；has been a member of已经成为……的一员，现在完成时，；has joined已经加入，现在完成时；has been in已经在，现在完成时。根据“in 2022”可知，第一空用一般过去时，排除CD；根据“for over 2 years”可知，第二空用现在完成时，且要用延续性动词，join是短暂性动词，排除B，故选A。 7. —Tim, I remember you ________ Beijing several years ago. —Yes, we ________ Beijing for three years. A. left, have left B. have left, are away from C. left, have been away from D. have left, have been away from 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“蒂姆，我记得你几年前离开了北京。”“是的，我们已经离开北京三年了。”left离开，过去式；have left已经离开，现在完成时；are away from离开/不在，现在时；have been away from已经离开/不在……多久，现在完成时持续状态。第一空有“several years ago”明确表示过去时间，需用一般过去时；第二空后接“for three years”表示持续一段时间，且强调“离开北京”这一状态持续了三年，需用现在完成时的持续性表达(have been away from)，而“have left”是瞬间动作不能接“for+时间段”，故选C。 8. In the past few years, the number of wild animals ______ gradually, and we need to ______ people’s awareness of protecting them. A. has risen, raise B. has raised, rise C. rose, raise D. raised, rise 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在过去的几年里，野生动物的数量逐渐增加，我们需要提高人们保护它们的意识。has risen(已经增加，不及物动词，现在完成时)；raise(提高，及物动词，动词原形)；has raised(已经提高，及物动词，现在完成时)；rise(上升、增加，不及物动词，动词原形)；rose(增加，不及物动词，一般过去时)；raised(提高，及物动词，一般过去时)。第一空主语the number of wild animals表示“野生动物的数量”，“数量上升”是无需宾语的动作，需用不及物动词rise；时间状语in the past few years是现在完成时的标志，故填has risen。第二空“提高(意识)”是需要接宾语的动作，需用及物动词raise；need to后接动词原形，故填raise，故选A。 9. Since last month we ________ the volunteer program, we ________ more than 200 volunteers. A. have started, had B. started, have C. have started, have D. started, have had 【答案】D 【解析】句意：自从上个月我们开始了这个志愿者项目，我们已经有了200多个志愿者。根据“Since last month we ... the volunteer program”可知此处是Since引导的时间状语从句，结合“last month”可知用一般过去时，第一空用过去式started，从句用Since引导，主句用现在完成时，第二空用现在完成时have had，故选D。 10. — ____________ my glasses? I can’t read without them. —I ____________ them on the desk, but they are not there now. A. Have you seen, have seen B. Have you seen, saw C. Did you see, have seen D. Did you see, saw 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你看到了我的眼镜了吗？没有他们我不能读书。”“我看到他们在桌子上了，但是现在他们不在那里。”根据句意，可知第一个句子是在强调对现在的影响，没有他们我不能读书，故用现在完成时。根据后文but they are not there now可知对现在的影响已经不存在了，故用过去时态，故选B。 11. In the past 40 years, Zhang Guimei ________ many girls from poor areas in Yunnan. A. helped B. is helping C. has helped D. will help 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在过去的40年里，张桂梅帮助了许多来自云南贫困地区的女孩。根据“in the past 40 years”可知，此句用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选C。 12. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ________ of my coming exams. A. am thinking B. was thinking C. thought D. have thought 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“鲍勃，有什么问题吗？你看起来很担心。”“哦，没什么。事实上，我刚刚在考虑即将到来的考试。”am thinking现在进行时；was thinking过去进行时；thought过去式或过去分词；have thought现在完成时。根据“Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried.”以及选项可知，此处应用过去进行时，表示对话发生之前刚刚还在进行的动作，故选B。 13. —Where is Millie? I haven’t seen her for ________ . —I hear that she ________ Beijing for two days. A. sometimes, went to B. sometime, has gone to C. some times, has been to D. some time, has been in 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“米莉在哪里？我有一段时间没见到她了。”“我听说她已经在北京待两天了。”sometimes有时候；sometime某个时候；some times几次；some time一段时间；went to动词过去式；has gone to现在完成时；has been to现在完成时；has been in呆在某地。根据“I haven’t seen her”可知，这里表示有一段时间没看到某人，需用some time表示；for two days表示“已经两天了”，为时间段，需用现在完成时表示；has gone to表示去了某地还没回来，为短暂动作，不可与时间段连用；has been to表示去过某地已回来，强调经历，也不可与时间段连用；“be in+地点”表示“待在某地(状态)”，可与时间段连用，故选D。 14. The Gumokou museum ________ last week, and thousands of students ________ it already. A. opened, visited B. has opened, have visited C. opened, have visited D. has opened, visited 【答案】C 【解析】句意：古莫库博物馆上周刚刚开放，已经有成千上万的学生前来参观了。根据last week可知，前半句用一般过去时。根据already可知，后半句用现在完成时have done的结构，故选C。 15. —Has your uncle returned from Shanghai? —Yes, he ________ there for a week and says he ________ there. A. stayed, wasn’t used to staying B. has stayed, didn’t use to staying C. has stayed, didn’t use to stay D. stayed, wasn’t used to stay 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“你叔叔从已经上海回来了吗？”“是的，他在那里待了一周，并且他说他不习惯待在那里。”根据“Has your uncle returned...there.”可知，我的叔叔已经返回。那么待在上海就是过去的事，所以第一空用一般过去时；第二处考查“used to do”表示过去常常做某事，其否定形式为“didn’t use to do”，“be used to doing”表示习惯于做某事，其否定形式为“be not used to doing”。根据语境可知，此处表示他不习惯待在那里，故选A。 16. —When _________ your dad _________ this car? —In 2013. He _________ this car for ten years. He loves it very much. A. has, bought, has had B. has, bought, has bought C. did, buy, has bought D. did, buy, has had 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“你爸爸什么时候买的这辆车？”“在2013年。他已经拥有它十年的时间了。他非常喜欢它。”根据“In 2013”可知，问句问的是什么时候买的车，用一般过去时。第二空根据“for ten years”可知，应用延续性动词has had，故选D。 17. They ________ the source of the underground river since dawn, but the harsh terrain(崎岖的地形)keeps delaying their progress. A. explore B. explored C. have explored D. have been exploring 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他们从黎明起就一直在探索地下河的源头，但崎岖的地形不断拖延他们的进展。根据时间状语“since dawn”可知，动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续，强调持续性和未完成性，且后半句“keeps delaying their progress”暗示探索仍在进行中，因此需用现在完成进行时，故选D。 18. —When ________ your father ________ the Health Club? —Many years ago. He ________ the club for a long time. A. did, join, has joined B. has, joined, has joined C. did, join, has been in D. has, joined, has been a member of 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“你父亲什么时候加入健身俱乐部的？”“很多年前。他加入这个俱乐部已经很长时间了。”根据“When...your father...the Health Club?”可知，加入健身俱乐部发生在过去，用一般过去时，排除BD；根据“He...the club for a long time.”可知，强调时间的延续，用现在完成时，且动词用延续性，故选C。 19. We ________ six activities since the singing club was set up. A. have organized B. organized C. will organize D. organize 【答案】A 【解析】句意：自从歌唱俱乐部成立以来，我们已经组织了六次活动。have organized组织，现在完成时；organized一般过去时；will organize一般将来时；organize一般现在时。根据“since the singing club was set up.”可知此处要用现在完成时，结构是：have/ has+动词的过去分词，故选A。 20. Tea was born in China over 4,000 years ago. Now it ________ part of people’s life around the world. A. became B. has become C. was becoming D. become 【答案】B 【解析】根据“Tea was born in China over 4,000 years ago.”结合语境可知，茶现在已经成为世界各地人们生活的一部分，所以此处应用现在完成时have/has done，故选B。句意：茶起源于4000多年前的中国。现在它已经成为世界各地人们生活的一部分。 21. —Have you watched the film Gulliver’s Travels? —Yes, I ________ it during the Spring Festival. What about you? A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. have watched 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你看过《格列佛游记》这部电影吗？”“看过，我在春节期间看的。你呢？”根据“during the Spring Festival”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故选B。 22. I saw Harry in February and I ________ him since then. A. didn’t see B. won’t see C. haven’t seen D. don’t see 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我在二月份见过哈利，从那以后就再也没见过他。根据“since then”可知，时态应为现在完成时，结构是have/has done，故选C。 23. In my school days, I ________ a lot of reading in English every day. That was how I learned English at that time. A. do B. did C. have done D. will do 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在我上学的时候，我每天都阅读大量英语。那时我就是这样学习英语的。do一般现在时；did一般过去时；have done现在完成时；will do一般将来时。根据下文“That was how I learned English at that time.”可知，是过去发生的事情，所以句子时态要用一般过去时，因此B选项正确。这里要注意，every day虽然常与一般现在时连用，但此句语境是描述过去每天发生的事情，故选B。 24. Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A. become B. became C. has become D. is becoming 【答案】C 【解析】句意：大多数人都认为到目前为止，智能技术已经成为社会的重要组成部分。根据“so far”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done，故选C。 25. We ________ on the countryside road when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back. A. jogged B. were jogging C. have jogged D. will jog 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们在乡间小路上慢跑时，突然刮起了暴风雨，于是我们往回走。根据“when a sudden storm hit”可知是当暴风雨时，正在慢跑，用过去进行时was/were doing，故选B。 26. We ________ our foreign teacher since he ________ to America. A. haven’t heard from; returned B. didn’t hear from; returned C. didn’t hear from; returns D. haven’t heard from; returns 【答案】A 【解析】句意：自从我们的外教回国后我们没有收到他的消息。根据题干和选项，可知句意为“自从我们的外教回国后我们没有收到他的消息。”由句中的“since自从”，可知主句时态用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has+done，否定形式为haven’t/hasn’t+done，主语是we，用haven’t，hear from sb“收到某人的消息”，hear的过去分词是heard；主句时态为现在完成时，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，所以第二个空用returned，故选A。 27. —Is Danny at home now? —No. He _______ the park. He _______ there half an hour ago. A. has gone to, went B. has gone to, has gone C. has been to, went D. has been to, has gone 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“丹尼现在在家吗？”“不在。他到公园去了。他在半小时前去那里了。”has gone to表示去了，还没有回来；has been to表示去过，回来了。根据Is Danny at home now?和No可知此处表示丹尼现在不在家，去公园还没有回来，故第一空为has gone to。第二空根据时间状语half an hour ago可知此处用一般过去时，故用went，故选A。 28. It ________ two years since we ________this school. We really love it. A. was, has entered B. is, entered C. has been, entered D. both B and C 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们上这所学校已经两年了。我们真的很喜欢。since自……以来，后面跟过去的时间点或一般过去时的从句，表示一段时间，主句时态是一般现在时或现在完成时。故第一个空填is或has been；第二个空填entered，故选D。 29. —Anna,have you ________ seen China’s Got Talent (《中国达人秀》)? —Of course.I ________ it last weekend. A. never, saw B. ever, have seen C. never, have seen D. ever, saw 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“安娜，你曾看过《中国达人秀》吗？”“当然。我上周末看的。”ever“曾经”；never“从未”。根据句意，第一句问的是“你曾看过《中国达人秀》吗？”，故需用“ever”表“曾经”。根据答语第二句中“last weekend”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，且“see”的过去式为“saw”，故选D。 30. —How often do you visit your grandparents, Lucy? —Not quite often. It’s three months since I ________ them last time. I miss them very much. A. have met B. meet C. met D. meeting 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“露西，你多久去看望你的祖父母一次？”“不经常去。我上次见到他们已有三个月了。我非常想念他们。”“It’s+时间段+since从句”，表示“自从……已有……”，since后加一般过去时的从句，故此处用过去式，故选C。 二、句子改写(每题2分，满分20分) 1. The volunteers helped repair over ten bicycles last week. The volunteers _____________ repair over ten bicycles ________ last week. 【答案】have helped, since 【解析】句意：志愿者们上周帮助修复了超过十辆自行车。要求改为现在完成时，则表示为“自从上周以来，志愿者们已经帮助修复了超过十辆自行车”，用since+时间点，表示“自从……以来”，现在完成时结构为have/has done，主语是复数，助动词用have，故填have helped, since。 2. They played soccer an hour ago. They __________________ soccer an hour. 【答案】have played, for 【解析】句意：他们一小时前踢了足球。现在完成时的结构为have/has done，主语“They”后用主语have，其后接play的过去分词形式played；现在分词中表示时间段用“for+时间段”，故填have played, for。 3. My grandparents got married 40 years ago. My grandparents _____________________________ 40 years. 【答案】have been married for 【解析】句意：我的祖父母40年前结婚了。用现在完成时同义转换，即我的祖父母已经结婚40年了。marry为短暂性动词，表示持续性动作时用be married。主语为my grandparents，谓语动词用单数，故填My grandparents have been married for 40 years. 4. My brother bought a new phone last month. My brother a new phone for a month. 【答案】has had 【解析】句意：我哥哥上个月买了一部新手机。改为现在完成时，现在完成时的结构是“have/has +过去分词”，当现在完成时和表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，动词要用延续性动词，buy的延续性动词是have，主语My brother是第三人称单数，所以用has，have的过去分词是had，故填has；had。 5. The river became dirty last year. The river dirty last year. 【答案】has been, since 【解析】句意：这条河流去年就脏了。根据“The river became dirty last year.”以及题目要求可知，现在完成时构成为have/has done，became为非延续性动词，改为have/has been，主语是三单，所以用has been，现在完成时用for+时间段，since+时间点，所以此处用since last year，此处可用现在完成时进行如下修改：The river has been dirty since last year.表示“这条河流从去年开始就脏了”，故填has been, since。 6. They got to know each other in 1990. They each other for more than thirty years. 【答案】have known 【解析】句意：他们1990年就认识了。根据“They got to know in 1990.”以及题目要求可知，此处应用have known，表示“他们已经认识了30多年”，故填have known。 7. The first Starbucks coffee shop opened in 1971. The first Starbucks coffee shop ____________________________ 1971. 【答案】has been open since 【解析】句意：第一家星巴克咖啡店于1971年开业。根据“1971”和题目要求可知，是过去时间，因此用since；再者根据“since 1971”可知，要用现在完成时态，结构为have/has done，且谓语动词要用延续性动作， 因此open要变为be open，主语“The first Starbucks coffee shop”是第三人称单数，因此助动词使用has，故填has been open since。 8. The meeting finished a moment ago. The meeting __________________________ a moment. The meeting __________________________ a moment ________. 【答案】has been over for has been over since, ago. 【解析】句意：会议刚才结束，即会议已经结束了一会。本题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的转化，现在完成时的谓语结构为“have/has+done”，主语the meeting为第三人称单数，助动词应用has；而finish“结束”为非延续性动词，应换成be over，而for+时间段或since ... ago表时间段，故填has been over for /has been over since, ago。 9. We began to learn English two years ago. We English two years. 【答案】have learnt/learned, for 【解析】句意：我们两年前开始学习英语。要求将原句改为现在完成时，基本结构是have/has+动词的过去分词；主语是we，故用have；learn的过去分词是learnt；根据“two years”可知“for+时间段”表示持续一段时间，故填have learnt/learned,for。 10. He received a letter from his brother three days ago. Three days he received the letter from his brother. 【答案】have passed since 【解析】句意：三天前，他收到他哥哥的来信。根据“Three days...he received...”以及题目要求可知，此处可用Three days have passed since he received the letter from his brother.进行同义转换，表示“他收到他哥哥的来信已经有三天了”，故填have passed since。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $