Unit 3 The world at one click 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

Unit 3 The world at one click 核心语法精练（现在完成时和一般过去时的区别） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 9 三、完成句子 10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一 语法填空 12 题型二 阅读理解 15 维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 动作 过去的独立动作（与现在无关） 过去动作延续到现在 / 对现在有影响 时间 过去的具体时间（in 2020） 包含 “现在” 的时间（already、since 2020） 例句 He visited Beijing in 2020.他 2020 年去过北京。 He has lived in Beijing since 2020.他从 2020 年起住在北京。 现在完成时与一般过去的区别 1.两个时态的侧重点不同 现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响，它和现在有密切的联系。 一般过去时强调的是动作发生的时间、地点，不涉及对现在的影响。 She has seen the film before.她看过这部电影。 （强调她已经看过了） She saw the film last night.她昨晚看了这部电影。 （强调时间是昨晚） Mr Green has bought a new computer.格林先生买了一台新电脑。 (强调格林先生现在有了一台新电脑) Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。 (强调格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天) 2.两个时态的时间状语不同。 （1）常与一般过去时连用的时间状语 · yesterday (morning, afternoon, evening)：昨天（早上，下午，晚上） · the day before yesterday前天 · last+时间名词：上一个… 如：last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,century 世纪） · 时间段+ ago：在…之前 如：three days ago:三天前 a moment ago刚才 · this morning/afternoon今天早上/ 今天下午 · when+ 过去时的句子：当…的时候 when I got up · just now 刚刚 · before 以前 或 before+时间点 · at the age of 10 （过去年龄段）：在10岁的时候 · in the old days 在古时候 · at that time/ moment在那时候 （2）常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 · for + 时间段: 持续了一段时间 · since + 过去时间点/ 过去时句子：自从…开始 · since + 时间段 + ago：自从…开始 · already （“已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处） · never (“从不” 用于中间处) · ever （“曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处） · just (“刚刚” 用于中间处) · yet (“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处 /“还”用于否定句的末尾处) · so far 到目前为止 · In the past + 时间段 Mike has lived in Beijing for 5 years.麦克在北京住了五年了。 （强调已经住了五年） Mike lived in Beijing 5 years ago.五年前麦克住在北京。 （强调时间点是五年前） Lucy has just called you.露西刚打过电话给你。 （强调已经打过电话了） Lucy called you just now.露西刚才给你打了电话。 （强调打电话的时间是刚刚） 一、单项选择 1．Alan ________ his winter camp in Switzerland last week and it is the first time that he ________ his hometown to experience a foreign culture. A．left for; has left B．left; left C．left for; left D．left; has left 2．—I hear that your good friend David ________ in Yangzhou and yesterday he was back again. —Yes, but the life he was used to ________ a lot over the years. A．used to live; changing B．is used to living; changed C．used to live; has changed D．is used to living; change 3．The restaurants in Shi Jin District in Rugao ________ for several months, but I ________ there so far. A．have been open; haven’t been B．have opened; haven’t gone C．have been open; haven’t gone D．have opened; haven’t been 4．Mr. Wang ________ Sanya for holiday since he ________ Mrs. Wang last week. A．has been in; married B．has gone to; got married to C．has gone to; married D．has been to; got married to 5．— Lucy, would you please clean up the dining room? — Sandy ________ it up already. Maybe I can wash the dishes now. A．is cleaning B．cleaned C．has cleaned D．was cleaning 6．—Why not take a taxi home? It’s too far away from here. —Because I ________ all my money. A．spend B．have spent C．was spending D．am spending 7．—Oh, Nancy! I haven’t seen you for a long time. —I came back a few days ago. I ________ children in North-west China for a year. A．am teaching B．have taught C．will teach D．taught 8．— How long ________ you ________ this book? — For about one week. I ________ it from the library last Tuesday. A．have; kept; borrowed B．have; borrowed; kept C．do; keep; have borrowed D．will; keep; have borrowed 9．—Where is Mr. Smith? —He ________ Guangzhou. He ________ there for a week. A．has gone to; has been in B．has been to; has gone C．has gone to; has been D．has been in; has gone to 10．—Can I borrow your Chinese painting tools for my art homework? —Sorry, I ________ them to Sam. He ________ for them during the morning break. A．lent; came B．have lent; came C．lent; will come D．have lent; will come 11．The film Nezha Ⅱ has been popular among people ________ it came out. A．since B．while C．as D．until 12．Mike was once a top student, but he ________ behind since he lost himself in computer games. A．fell B．has fallen C．was D．has been 13．—Where is your brother? I haven’t seen him at basketball practice this week. —He ________ the robotics camp in Beijing for two days, and won’t return until Sunday. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．joined in 14．Not only the twins but also their cousin________ their hometown for half a year. A．have left B．has left C．have been away from D．has been away from 15．—To keep memories in mind, we ________ a lot of photos while travelling since this year. —Sounds like a good idea! A．take B．will take C．have taken D．were taking 16．Sam ________ this book this morning and up to now he ________ eighty pages. A．has been reading; has read B．has read; has read C．has read; has been reading D．has been reading; has been reading 17．—How long have you owned this bike? —I ________ it for three months. A．have bought B．have had C．have borrowed D．have lent 18．—Do you know how long China Grand Canal Museum ________? —For nearly three years. I remembered it ________ on a sunny day. A．has been open; opening B．has been open; opened C．has been opened; opening D．has opened; opened 19．The final of the basketball match ________ for an hour, but we are still very excited. A．has been over B．has ended C．has been on D．has begun 20．I’m so glad that I ________ nearly half of the test till now. A．finish B．finished C．will finish D．have finished 二、用单词的正确形式填空 1．Science (develop) quickly these years, so students can learn new things each year. 2．I never (see) a star-shaped building like this. 3．—Is the little baby in the photo me, Dad? —Yes. Look at you. You (grow) into a young gentleman. How time flies! 4．People are wondering why the price of most food (rise) so quickly in the past few years. 5．Nobody (get) any information about the accident. We are all worried. 6．So far, the little boy (fall) over several times while learning to ride. 7．Many doctors (fly) to the poor area to help, and now the situation is getting better. 8．A Chinese company called Pop Mart (make) Labubu into toys in 2018. 9．Taizhou Football Team we paid attention to (win) the final match on the first day of this November. 10．He (lead) us into the garden and left. We had no idea what to do next. 三、完成句子 1．那时他们没有意识到危险 At that time, they danger. 2．Franklin knew about the world by reading a lot. (对画线部分提问) Franklin about the world? 3．过去我学习英语很有困难。 In the past, I English. 4．昨天的雨对我们的旅行影响很大。 The rain yesterday . 5．后来，我的同桌帮助了我。 Later, my deskmate me . 6．他的祖父母已经结婚六十多年了，仍然十分相爱。 His grandparents and they still love each other very much. 7．很遗憾电影已开始几分钟，我们错过了开头。 It is a pity that the film and we’ve missed the beginning. 8．在过去的几十年里，南京发生了令人惊叹的变化。 Amazing changes in Nanjing in the past few decades. 9．吉姆不在家，他去南京看望他的祖父母了。 Jim isn’t at home. He . 10．近年来，越来越多的年轻人已经习惯用微信保持联系了。 More and more young people in touch with each other by using Wechat over the years. 题型一 语法填空 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 The mystery of Stonehenge (巨石阵) in England Stonehenge is a very old place in England. It’s famous for 41 (it) big stones. They stand in a circle. No one 42 (know) who build it or why, but it 43 (be) there for thousands of years. People from all over the world come 44 (see) it every year. The stones are huge and heavy. Some of them weigh as much 45 a truck! 46 (science) say people brought the stones from faraway places and put them together. Why did people build Stonehenge? How long did it take them 47 (build) it? Some say it was a place for ancient people to worship (敬奉) the sun. Others think it was a tomb for important people. Still, no one has found out the truth. During special times like the summer solstice (夏至), the sun 48 (go) up and aligns (对准) with certain stones, making 49 amazing view. This makes many people 50 (think) Stonehenge was built with knowledge of the stars. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Have you ever been to some interesting museums? I’ll introduce three of them to you. The first one is the American Computer Museum, You can get information about different 51 (computer) and who invented them. The old computers 52 (be) much bigger. It’s unbelievable that technology 53 (progress) in such a rapid way in recent years! The second one is a very unusual museum in India, the International Museum 54 Toilets. You will not believe your eyes when you see so many different kinds of toilets there. The museum 55 (teach)  people about the history and development of toilets. It also encourages governments and social groups 56 (think) about ways to improve toilets in the future. The third one is the Hangzhou national Tea Museum, It’s a relaxing and 57 (peace) place near a lake, The tea art performances show people 58 to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets. Watching the tea preparation is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea 59   (it). You’ll finally realize why so many people loves drinking tea and 60 (collect) tea sets. So, the next time you have the chance (机会) , step into a museum and enjoy it. 题型二 阅读理解 Arriving in New York There are three airports in New York. When you arrive at one of them, you can take a bus or a taxi to any place in New York. Public transport   In New York there is a good bus and subway (地铁) service. If you are planning to use the subway a lot, you should buy a subway ticket for ten journeys because it’s cheaper. But you don’t have to use public transport—there are lots of places you can go to on foot, like the Empire State Building (帝国大厦), 5th Avenue (大街) and Central Park. The New York taxis are a part of the city experience, so you should take at least one taxi during your visit. Hotels   There are lots of good hotels in New York. The best is the Plaza on 5th Avenue but you don’t have to pay a lot to stay in the city; there are lots of smaller hotels and the YMCA near Central Park is great for young people. Eating out   There are many kinds of food in New York and you shouldn’t eat at McDonald’s every day. There are good restaurants in Little Italy and Chinatown. Shopping   Shopping in New York is fun. There are big shops on 5th Avenue. They are open seven days a week. But be careful when you look at the prices, you have to pay a special 8% tax (税) on everything you buy in New York. Places to see   Finally, there are a lot of places to see in New York—Times Square, the Statue of Liberty. And you shouldn’t go home without climbing the Statue of Liberty to enjoy the scenery of the city. 61．How many kinds of public transport are mentioned (提到) in the second paragraph? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 62．“The Plaza” here is the name of ________. A．a restaurant B．a hotel C．an airport D．a shop 63．When you visit New York, you should ________. A．eat at McDonald’s every day B．take a taxi whenever you go out C．stay at the best hotel D．climb the Statue of Liberty 64．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．people can visit many places of interest in New York on foot B．New York is not a good place for shopping C．people must travel by public transport in New York D．people have to eat only one kind of food in New York Trying to visit a big city like Los Angeles in just one day is a hard thing to do. But if you only have 24 hours, I have a plan that can help you. This guide will show you where to go and how to get around in L.A．in one day. To start your day in L.A．, head to Venice Beach. It’s a unique and interesting place, though not everyone will like it. But if you want to experience the free and creative spirit of L.A．, this is the place to be. The next place of interest that you should check out is the Getty Center, which is located on a hill in the Santa Monica mountains. It is a museum that’s made up of multiple buildings with lots of galleries inside. It has the best and most valuable art collections in L.A．, so it’s definitely worth a visit. The Chinese Theater is a really cool place in Hollywood. A long time ago, they had a big awards show for movies there. But now, most people come to see the handprints and footprints of Hollywood legends in the cement (水泥) outside. It all started when one of the famous people accidentally stepped in the wet cement when they were building the theater. Instead of fixing it, the owner thought it was a cool idea and asked other famous people to do it too. That’s how it all started. The Griffith Observatory (天文台) is a really amazing place in Los Angeles. It’s the perfect place to end your day in L.A．If you go there in the evening, you’ll be able to see a beautiful sunset. The observatory is also very pretty, with nice areas to walk around. The best part is that from the terrace (露天平台) of the observatory, you can see the whole valley. If it’s a clear day, you can even see all the way to Santa Monica! 65．Where is a good place to go if you want to experience the free and creative spirit of L.A．in just one day? A．Santa Monica mountains. B．The Getty Center. C．Venice Beach. D．Griffith Observatory. 66．What is the Getty Center in Los Angeles? A．A beach with amazing waves for surfing. B．A museum with valuable art collections. C．A popular shopping mall with multiple stores. D．A famous club that hosts music concerts. 67．What is the importance of the handprints and footprints at the Chinese Theater in Hollywood? A．They represent Hollywood legends who used to work at the theater. B．They are a symbol of Hollywood’s love for art. C．They were created accidentally by a famous person. D．They were created as a way to remember famous people in Hollywood. 68．What does the underlined word “legends” mean? A．演员 B．传奇人物 C．制片人 D．编剧 69．What can you see from the terrace of Griffith Observatory on a clear day? A．The whole valley and even Santa Monica. B．The entire city of Los Angeles. C．The Pacific Ocean and its shoreline. D．The Hollywood Hills and famous celebrity homes. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The world at one click 核心语法精练（现在完成时和一般过去时的区别） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 9 三、完成句子 10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型一 语法填空 12 题型二 阅读理解 15 维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 动作 过去的独立动作（与现在无关） 过去动作延续到现在 / 对现在有影响 时间 过去的具体时间（in 2020） 包含 “现在” 的时间（already、since 2020） 例句 He visited Beijing in 2020.他 2020 年去过北京。 He has lived in Beijing since 2020.他从 2020 年起住在北京。 现在完成时与一般过去的区别 1.两个时态的侧重点不同 现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响，它和现在有密切的联系。 一般过去时强调的是动作发生的时间、地点，不涉及对现在的影响。 She has seen the film before.她看过这部电影。 （强调她已经看过了） She saw the film last night.她昨晚看了这部电影。 （强调时间是昨晚） Mr Green has bought a new computer.格林先生买了一台新电脑。 (强调格林先生现在有了一台新电脑) Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。 (强调格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天) 2.两个时态的时间状语不同。 （1）常与一般过去时连用的时间状语 · yesterday (morning, afternoon, evening)：昨天（早上，下午，晚上） · the day before yesterday前天 · last+时间名词：上一个… 如：last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,century 世纪） · 时间段+ ago：在…之前 如：three days ago:三天前 a moment ago刚才 · this morning/afternoon今天早上/ 今天下午 · when+ 过去时的句子：当…的时候 when I got up · just now 刚刚 · before 以前 或 before+时间点 · at the age of 10 （过去年龄段）：在10岁的时候 · in the old days 在古时候 · at that time/ moment在那时候 （2）常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 · for + 时间段: 持续了一段时间 · since + 过去时间点/ 过去时句子：自从…开始 · since + 时间段 + ago：自从…开始 · already （“已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处） · never (“从不” 用于中间处) · ever （“曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处） · just (“刚刚” 用于中间处) · yet (“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处 /“还”用于否定句的末尾处) · so far 到目前为止 · In the past + 时间段 Mike has lived in Beijing for 5 years.麦克在北京住了五年了。 （强调已经住了五年） Mike lived in Beijing 5 years ago.五年前麦克住在北京。 （强调时间点是五年前） Lucy has just called you.露西刚打过电话给你。 （强调已经打过电话了） Lucy called you just now.露西刚才给你打了电话。 （强调打电话的时间是刚刚） 一、单项选择 1．Alan ________ his winter camp in Switzerland last week and it is the first time that he ________ his hometown to experience a foreign culture. A．left for; has left B．left; left C．left for; left D．left; has left 【答案】A 【详解】句意：艾伦上周动身去了他的瑞士冬令营，这是他第一次离开家乡去体验外国文化。 考查动词短语及时态辨析。left for离开，动身去，动词过去式；has left已离开，现在完成时；left离开，动词过去式。根据“his winter camp in Switzerland last week”可知，第一空表示动身去往某地，且时态为过去时，故动词短语需用过去式；根据“it is the first time that”可知，that引导的从句需用现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在的影响。故选A。 2．—I hear that your good friend David ________ in Yangzhou and yesterday he was back again. —Yes, but the life he was used to ________ a lot over the years. A．used to live; changing B．is used to living; changed C．used to live; has changed D．is used to living; change 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我听说你的好朋友David过去住在扬州，昨天他又回来了。——是的，但是他过去习惯的生活这些年来已经变化了很多。 考查动词短语辨析及动词时态。used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事。第一空根据“I hear that your good friend David ... in Yangzhou and yesterday he was back again.”可知，这里描述David过去常住在扬州，因此填“used to live”；第二空根据“over the years”可知，时态用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has done。故选C。 3．The restaurants in Shi Jin District in Rugao ________ for several months, but I ________ there so far. A．have been open; haven’t been B．have opened; haven’t gone C．have been open; haven’t gone D．have opened; haven’t been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如皋市石津区的餐馆已经开了好几个月了，但我还没有去过。 考查现在完成时。根据“for several months”可知，第一空应用现在完成时，且表示延续性动作，故用have been open；第二空表达“至今未去过某地”，用haven’t been to，由于“there”为副词，要去掉to，即haven’t been。故选A。 4．Mr. Wang ________ Sanya for holiday since he ________ Mrs. Wang last week. A．has been in; married B．has gone to; got married to C．has gone to; married D．has been to; got married to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从上周王先生和王太太结婚后，他一直在三亚度假。 考查现在完成时和动词短语。has gone to去了某个地方，人还没有回来；has been to到过某地，人已经回来了；has been in已经在某个地方，说明人就在那个地方。marry sb.和某人结婚；get married to sb.和某人结婚。根据“Sanya for holiday”可知，他就在三亚度蜜月，第一空填has been in，排除BCD三个选项，第二空只能填married。故选A。 5．— Lucy, would you please clean up the dining room? — Sandy ________ it up already. Maybe I can wash the dishes now. A．is cleaning B．cleaned C．has cleaned D．was cleaning 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Lucy，你能打扫一下餐厅吗？——Sandy已经打扫过了。也许我现在可以洗碗了。 考查句子时态。is cleaning现在进行时；cleaned一般过去时；has cleaned现在完成时；was cleaning过去进行时。根据“already”可知，表示动作已经完成，并且强调该动作对现在的影响，此处用现在完成时have/has done；主语是Sandy，第三人称单数，用has cleaned。故选C。 6．—Why not take a taxi home? It’s too far away from here. —Because I ________ all my money. A．spend B．have spent C．was spending D．am spending 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么不打车回家？这里离你家太远了。——因为我已经花光了所有的钱。 考查现在完成时。根据语境可知，回答者表示“已经花光钱”对现在造成的影响是“无法打车”，强调过去动作对现在的影响，需用现在完成时（have spent）。故选B。 7．—Oh, Nancy! I haven’t seen you for a long time. —I came back a few days ago. I ________ children in North-west China for a year. A．am teaching B．have taught C．will teach D．taught 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——啊，南希！我很长时间没见你了。——我前几天刚回来。我在中国西北部教书一年。 考查动词时态。根据语境及“for a year”可知此处应用现在完成时“主语+have/has+动词的过去分词”。故选B。 8．— How long ________ you ________ this book? — For about one week. I ________ it from the library last Tuesday. A．have; kept; borrowed B．have; borrowed; kept C．do; keep; have borrowed D．will; keep; have borrowed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这本书你借了多长时间？——大概一周了，上个星期二我从图书馆借的。 考查动词时态。根据“For about one week”可知，问句是现在完成时，borrow“借”，非延续动词，不能和表示一段的时间连用，需要把它转化keep；根据“last Tuesday”可知，第二个空用一般过去时，故选A。 9．—Where is Mr. Smith? —He ________ Guangzhou. He ________ there for a week. A．has gone to; has been in B．has been to; has gone C．has gone to; has been D．has been in; has gone to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——史密斯先生在哪里？——他去广州了。他在那里待了一个星期。 考查现在完成时及短语辨析。has gone to表示“去了某地（还未回来）”；has been to表示“去过某地（已回来）”；has been in表示“在某地（后接地点）”；has been表示“在某地（后接副词there/here等）”。第一空根据“Where is Mr. Smith?”可知，史密斯先生去了广州还没回来，用has gone to；第二空后是副词there，用has been，故选C。 10．—Can I borrow your Chinese painting tools for my art homework? —Sorry, I ________ them to Sam. He ________ for them during the morning break. A．lent; came B．have lent; came C．lent; will come D．have lent; will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我可以借你的中国画工具做美术作业吗？——对不起，我把它们借给了萨姆。他是在上午休息时来取的。 考查时态。根据“Can I borrow your Chinese painting tools for my art homework?”以及“Sorry”可知，此处指过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应用现在完成时，可排除A项和C项；根据“during the morning break”可知，此处指发生在过去的动作，句子时态为一般过去时，此处用动词过去式。故选B。 11．The film Nezha Ⅱ has been popular among people ________ it came out. A．since B．while C．as D．until 【答案】A 【详解】句意：电影《哪吒2》自上映以来一直广受欢迎。 考查连词辨析。since自从，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示从过去某时间点持续到现在的状态；while当……时，强调动作同时进行；as当……时，侧重伴随；until直到，表示动作持续到某一时间点。根据“...has been popular...came out”可知，此处需用“since”表达“从上映至今一直受欢迎”。故选A。 12．Mike was once a top student, but he ________ behind since he lost himself in computer games. A．fell B．has fallen C．was D．has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：迈克过去是一名尖子生。但是自从他沉迷于电脑游戏后，他落后了。 考查动词的时态。根据since可知本题应该用现在完成时，fall behind“落后”，是个瞬间动作，当句中有since或for等表示时间段的时间状语时，要把瞬间动作改为持续动作，所以应该用be behind。故选D。 13．—Where is your brother? I haven’t seen him at basketball practice this week. —He ________ the robotics camp in Beijing for two days, and won’t return until Sunday. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．joined in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你弟弟在哪里？我这周在篮球训练中没见过他。 ——他已经在北京的机器人营地待了两天，直到周日才会回来。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地，未返回；has been to去过某人，已返回；has been in待在某地；joined in参加。根据“for two days”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，排除D；又由“won’t return until Sunday”可知，去了北京的机器人营地但未回，排除B；has gone to强调“去某地”的动作，不强调持续状态，不能与“for two days”连用，排除A；has been in表示“在某地待了一段时间”，是延续性状态，符合“for two days”的时间要求。故选C。 14．Not only the twins but also their cousin________ their hometown for half a year. A．have left B．has left C．have been away from D．has been away from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不仅这对双胞胎，而且他们的表弟也离开家乡有半年时间了。 考查主谓一致。not only... but also...需遵循就近原则；left是短暂性动词，不能与for half a year时间段连用，故排除A和B选项；been away from是延续性动词短语，可与for half a year时间段连用。their cousin是单数，助动词需用单数形式；have为助动词原形，has为助动词三单形式。故选D。 15．—To keep memories in mind, we ________ a lot of photos while travelling since this year. —Sounds like a good idea! A．take B．will take C．have taken D．were taking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为了记住这些回忆，从今年开始，我们在旅行中拍了很多照片。——听起来是一个好主意！ 考查时态。根据“since this year”可知，动作从过去延续至今，强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。故选C。 16．Sam ________ this book this morning and up to now he ________ eighty pages. A．has been reading; has read B．has read; has read C．has read; has been reading D．has been reading; has been reading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：萨姆今天早上一直在读这本书，到现在为止他已经读了八十页了。 考查时态。has been reading现在完成进行时；has read现在完成时。根据“this morning”可知，表明动作从早上开始并可能持续到现在，强调“一直在读”的过程，因此使用现在完成进行时；根据“up to now”强调到目前的结果，因此使用现在完成时。故选A。 17．—How long have you owned this bike? —I ________ it for three months. A．have bought B．have had C．have borrowed D．have lent 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你拥有这辆自行车多久了？——我已经拥有它三个月了。 考查延续性动词。have bought已经买了，buy是瞬间动词，不与时间段连用；have had已经拥有，have是延续性动词，可与时间段连用；have borrowed已经借了，borrow是瞬间动词，不与时间段连用；have lent已经借给了，lend是瞬间动词，不与时间段连用。根据“for three months”可知此处表达的是拥有这辆自行车三个月了的意思，且应与时间段连用，应用have had。故选B。 18．—Do you know how long China Grand Canal Museum ________? —For nearly three years. I remembered it ________ on a sunny day. A．has been open; opening B．has been open; opened C．has been opened; opening D．has opened; opened 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道中国大运河博物馆开放多久了吗？——近三年了。我记得它是在一个晴天开放的。 考查时态用法。第二空根据时间状语“on a sunny day”可知，动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时，动词用过去式opened，排除A、C。第一空根据“how long”和答语“For nearly three years”可知，需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。open作动词时为短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，排除D（has opened）。“has been open”中“open”为形容词，表示持续状态，可与时间段搭配，故选B。 19．The final of the basketball match ________ for an hour, but we are still very excited. A．has been over B．has ended C．has been on D．has begun 【答案】A 【详解】句意：篮球比赛的决赛已经结束一个小时了，但我们仍然非常兴奋。 考查现在完成时的用法和词语辨析。be over结束，持续性动词；ended结束，短暂性动词；be on开始，持续性动词；begun开始，短暂性动词。根据“but we are still very excited.”可知，篮球比赛已经结束了，排除选项C、D。根据“for an hour”可知，此处表示持续一段时间，要用表示持续状态的动词。故选A。 20．I’m so glad that I ________ nearly half of the test till now. A．finish B．finished C．will finish D．have finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我很高兴到现在为止我已经完成了将近一半的测试。 考查时态。根据“I’m so glad that I…nearly half of the test till now.”可知，句中有时间状语till now，强调从过去开始到现在这个时间段里完成了将近一半的测试，这种过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响，所以句子时态应该用现在完成时。故选D。 二、用单词的正确形式填空 1．Science (develop) quickly these years, so students can learn new things each year. 【答案】has developed 【详解】句意：科学这些年发展迅速，因此学生每年都能学到新东西。develop“发展”。根据结合语境和“these years”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，句子主语Science为第三人称单数形式，助动词应用三单形式has。故填has developed。 2．I never (see) a star-shaped building like this. 【答案】have seen 【详解】句意：我从未见过这样的星形建筑。根据句意并结合“never ”可知用现在完成时，主语“I”故助动词用have，see的过去分词为seen。故填have seen。 3．—Is the little baby in the photo me, Dad? —Yes. Look at you. You (grow) into a young gentleman. How time flies! 【答案】have grown 【详解】句意：——爸爸，照片里的小婴儿是我吗？——是的。看看你。你已经长成一个年轻绅士了。时间过得真快呀！题干强调从过去到现在成长为年轻绅士这个动作的完成，要用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语是You，用have，grow的过去分词是grown。故填have grown。 4．People are wondering why the price of most food (rise) so quickly in the past few years. 【答案】has risen 【详解】句意：人们想知道为什么过去几年里大多数食品的价格上涨得如此之快。根据“in the past few years”可知，应该使用现在完成时，主语为“the price”，是单数，所以应该使用“has”，“rise”的过去分词为“risen”。故填has risen。 5．Nobody (get) any information about the accident. We are all worried. 【答案】has got 【详解】句意：没有人得到关于这起事故的任何信息。我们都很担心。根据后句“We are all worried.”可知，“没有得到信息”这一动作对现在造成了影响（大家担心），应用现在完成时；主语“Nobody”是不定代词，视为单数，助动词用has，get的过去分词是got。故填has got。 6．So far, the little boy (fall) over several times while learning to ride. 【答案】has fallen 【详解】句意：到目前为止，这个小男孩在学骑车的时候已经摔倒好几次了。“So far”是现在完成时的标志词，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语“the little boy”是第三人称单数，助动词用“has”；“fall”的过去分词是“fallen”。故填has fallen。 7．Many doctors (fly) to the poor area to help, and now the situation is getting better. 【答案】have flown 【详解】句意：许多医生已经飞往贫困地区提供帮助，现在情况正在好转。根据“now the situation is getting better.”可知，此处应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。句子主语“Many doctors(许多医生)”是复数形式，因此助动词用have，动词“fly(飞)”的过去分词是flown。故填have flown。 8．A Chinese company called Pop Mart (make) Labubu into toys in 2018. 【答案】made 【详解】句意：一家名为Pop Mart的中国公司于2018年将Labubu制作成玩具。make“制作”，是动词；根据“in 2018”可知，时态为一般过去时，make的过去式是made。故填made。 9．Taizhou Football Team we paid attention to (win) the final match on the first day of this November. 【答案】won 【详解】句意：我们关注的台州足球队在11月1日的决赛中获胜。时间状语“on the first day of this November”为过去时间，时态为一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填won。 10．He (lead) us into the garden and left. We had no idea what to do next. 【答案】led 【详解】句意：他带我们走进花园后就离开了。我们完全不知道接下来该做什么了。lead“引领，领导，指挥”，动词，分析句子结构可知，and后并列的谓语动词left为动词过去式，空处应用其对应的动词过去式作谓语，lead的过去式是led。故填led。 三、完成句子 1．那时他们没有意识到危险 At that time, they danger. 【答案】 weren’t aware of 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“没有意识到”。“be aware of”表示“意识到”，根据“At that time”可知要用一般过去时，主语“They”是复数，所以be动词用“were”，其否定形式为“weren’t”。故填weren’t；aware；of。 2．Franklin knew about the world by reading a lot. (对画线部分提问) Franklin about the world? 【答案】 How did know 【详解】句意：富兰克林通过大量阅读了解世界。划线部分为“by reading a lot”，这里是提问方式，用疑问词how来提问。原句是一般过去时，谓语动词是knew，在疑问句中，需要借助助动词did，且助动词后用动词原形know，故填How；did；know。 3．过去我学习英语很有困难。 In the past, I English. 【答案】 had difficulty in learning 【详解】have difficulty in doing sth“做某事有困难”，该句是一般过去时，动词填过去式had；learn“学习”，应该填动名词形式。故填had；difficulty；in；learning。 4．昨天的雨对我们的旅行影响很大。 The rain yesterday . 【答案】had a great influence on our trip 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“对我们的旅行影响很大”，时态应用一般过去时。have a great influence on“对……有很大影响”，固定表达，时态应用一般过去时，因此应用had；our trip“我们的旅行”。故填had a great influence on our trip. 5．后来，我的同桌帮助了我。 Later, my deskmate me . 【答案】 gave a hand 【详解】对照中英文，设空处可用give sb a hand表达，为固定短语，该句是一般过去时，动词填过去式，故填gave；a；hand。 6．他的祖父母已经结婚六十多年了，仍然十分相爱。 His grandparents and they still love each other very much. 【答案】have been married for more than 60 years/have been married for over 60 years 【详解】六十多年：for more than/over 60 years，句子用现在完成时，且和延续性动词连用，be married“已婚”，主语是名词复数，助动词用have。故填have been married for more than/over 60 years。 7．很遗憾电影已开始几分钟，我们错过了开头。 It is a pity that the film and we’ve missed the beginning. 【答案】has been on for a few minutes 【详解】be on“进行中，在上演”，此句应用现在完成时表示持续状态，主语“the film”为第三人称单数，谓语结构用has done；“for+一段时间”表示持续的时间，a few minutes“几分钟”。故填has been on for a few minutes。 8．在过去的几十年里，南京发生了令人惊叹的变化。 Amazing changes in Nanjing in the past few decades. 【答案】have taken place 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是 “发生”，“发生”的英文表达为take place，动词短语；又根据“in the past few decades”可知，时态为现在完成时，且该句主语是复数Amazing changes，所以此处应该填入have taken place，作谓语。故填have taken place。 9．吉姆不在家，他去南京看望他的祖父母了。 Jim isn’t at home. He . 【答案】has gone to Nanjing to visit his grandparents 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处使用go to...to visit表示“去某地看望某人”；have gone to Nanjing表示“去了南京”；his grandparents“他的祖父母”。句子为现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has gone to Nanjing to visit his grandparents。 10．近年来，越来越多的年轻人已经习惯用微信保持联系了。 More and more young people in touch with each other by using Wechat over the years. 【答案】have been used to keeping 【详解】根据英汉对照可知，此处缺少“习惯于做某事”， 固定短语be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，根据“over the years”可知，句子时态要用现在完成时。其结构为have/has + 过去分词，主语“More and more young people”是复数，所以助动词用have，be的过去分词是been，keep in touch with表示“与……保持联系”，keep要用动名词形式keeping。故填have been used to keeping。 题型一 语法填空 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 The mystery of Stonehenge (巨石阵) in England Stonehenge is a very old place in England. It’s famous for 41 (it) big stones. They stand in a circle. No one 42 (know) who build it or why, but it 43 (be) there for thousands of years. People from all over the world come 44 (see) it every year. The stones are huge and heavy. Some of them weigh as much 45 a truck! 46 (science) say people brought the stones from faraway places and put them together. Why did people build Stonehenge? How long did it take them 47 (build) it? Some say it was a place for ancient people to worship (敬奉) the sun. Others think it was a tomb for important people. Still, no one has found out the truth. During special times like the summer solstice (夏至), the sun 48 (go) up and aligns (对准) with certain stones, making 49 amazing view. This makes many people 50 (think) Stonehenge was built with knowledge of the stars. 【答案】 41．its 42．knows 43．has been 44．to see 45．as 46．Scientists 47．to build 48．goes 49．an 50．think 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国巨石阵。 41．句意：它因巨石而闻名。big stones为名词，前面用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 42．句意：没有人知道是谁建造了它，也不知道为什么，但它已经存在了数千年。本句时态为一般现在时，主语为“No one”，看作第三人称单数，故动词需用三单形式。故填knows。 43．句意：没有人知道是谁建造了它，也不知道为什么，但它已经存在了数千年。根据“for thousands of years”可知，用现在完成时have/has done，主语为“It”，看作第三人称单数，故助动词需用has。故填has been。 44．句意：每年都有来自世界各地的人们前来参观。根据“ People from all over the world come...it every year.”可知，此处填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to see。 45．句意：它们中的有些和一辆卡车一样重。as much as意为“多达”。故填as。 46．句意：科学家们说，人们把这些石头从遥远的地方带来，并把它们放在一起。根据“...say people brought the stones from faraway places and...”可知，此处表达“科学家们”，本句为一般现在时，谓语为“say”动词原形，主语需用复数，“科学家”为scientist，注意句子开头需大写。故填Scientists。 47．句意：他们花了多长时间建造它？根据“How long did it take them... it?”可知，it took some time to do sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。故填to build。 48．句意：在像夏至这样的特殊时刻，太阳升起，与某些石头对齐，形成一幅令人惊叹的景色。根据主语“the sun” 是第三人称单数，描述自然现象，用一般现在时。故填goes。 49．句意：在像夏至这样的特殊时刻，太阳升起，与某些石头对齐，形成一幅令人惊叹的景色。根据“making ... amazing view.”可知，此处表泛指，且“amazing”为元音音素开头，需用an。故填an。 50．句意：这使得许多人认为巨石阵是建立在对星星的了解之上的。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”。故填think。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Have you ever been to some interesting museums? I’ll introduce three of them to you. The first one is the American Computer Museum, You can get information about different 51 (computer) and who invented them. The old computers 52 (be) much bigger. It’s unbelievable that technology 53 (progress) in such a rapid way in recent years! The second one is a very unusual museum in India, the International Museum 54 Toilets. You will not believe your eyes when you see so many different kinds of toilets there. The museum 55 (teach)  people about the history and development of toilets. It also encourages governments and social groups 56 (think) about ways to improve toilets in the future. The third one is the Hangzhou national Tea Museum, It’s a relaxing and 57 (peace) place near a lake, The tea art performances show people 58 to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets. Watching the tea preparation is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea 59   (it). You’ll finally realize why so many people loves drinking tea and 60 (collect) tea sets. So, the next time you have the chance (机会) , step into a museum and enjoy it. 【答案】 51．computers 52．are 53．has progressed 54．of 55．teaches 56．to think 57．peaceful 58．how 59．itself 60．collecting 【导语】本文介绍了三个博物馆，第一个是美国计算机博物馆，第二个是印度的国际厕所博物馆，第三个是杭州国家茶博物馆。 51．句意：你可以得到关于不同的计算机和谁发明的信息。根据空前的“different”可知此空需用复数。故填computers。 52．句意：旧电脑要大得多。根据全文，本题是一般现在时，主语computers是复数，be动词用要用are，故填are。 53．句意：近几年科技进步如此之快，真是令人难以置信！根据时间状语in recent years“近几年”可知，用现在完成时。主语technology是单数。故填has progressed。 54．句意：第二个是印度的一个非常不寻常的博物馆，国际厕所博物馆。of“……的”。故填of。 55．句意：博物馆教人们厕所的历史和发展。根据全文，本题是一般现在时。主语museum是单数，动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填teaches。 56．句意：它也鼓励政府和社会团体思考未来改善厕所的方法。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to think。 57．句意：这是一个靠近湖边的放松而宁静的地方。根据空前的“a relaxing and ”可知，须填peace的形容词形式peaceful“宁静的”，并列作定语，修饰名词place。故填peaceful。 58．句意：茶艺表演向人们展示如何用漂亮的茶具沏一杯完美的茶。how to do sth.“如何做某事”。故填how。 59．句意：观看泡茶过程就像喝茶一样令人愉快。此空填it的反身代词形式itself“它自己”，作“drinking the tea”的同位语。故填itself。 60．句意：你最终会意识到为什么这么多人喜欢喝茶和收集茶具。根据空前的“drinking tea and”可知，须填collect“收集”的动名词形式collecting，并列作宾语。love doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。故填collecting。 题型二 阅读理解 Arriving in New York There are three airports in New York. When you arrive at one of them, you can take a bus or a taxi to any place in New York. Public transport   In New York there is a good bus and subway (地铁) service. If you are planning to use the subway a lot, you should buy a subway ticket for ten journeys because it’s cheaper. But you don’t have to use public transport—there are lots of places you can go to on foot, like the Empire State Building (帝国大厦), 5th Avenue (大街) and Central Park. The New York taxis are a part of the city experience, so you should take at least one taxi during your visit. Hotels   There are lots of good hotels in New York. The best is the Plaza on 5th Avenue but you don’t have to pay a lot to stay in the city; there are lots of smaller hotels and the YMCA near Central Park is great for young people. Eating out   There are many kinds of food in New York and you shouldn’t eat at McDonald’s every day. There are good restaurants in Little Italy and Chinatown. Shopping   Shopping in New York is fun. There are big shops on 5th Avenue. They are open seven days a week. But be careful when you look at the prices, you have to pay a special 8% tax (税) on everything you buy in New York. Places to see   Finally, there are a lot of places to see in New York—Times Square, the Statue of Liberty. And you shouldn’t go home without climbing the Statue of Liberty to enjoy the scenery of the city. 61．How many kinds of public transport are mentioned (提到) in the second paragraph? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 62．“The Plaza” here is the name of ________. A．a restaurant B．a hotel C．an airport D．a shop 63．When you visit New York, you should ________. A．eat at McDonald’s every day B．take a taxi whenever you go out C．stay at the best hotel D．climb the Statue of Liberty 64．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．people can visit many places of interest in New York on foot B．New York is not a good place for shopping C．people must travel by public transport in New York D．people have to eat only one kind of food in New York 【答案】61．B 62．B 63．D 64．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了纽约的交通、酒店、餐饮、购物和旅游景点等信息。 61．细节理解题。根据“In New York there is a good bus and subway (地铁) service.”及“The New York taxis are a part of the city experience, so you should take at least one taxi during your visit.”可知，提到了公交车、地铁、出租车三种公共交通。故选B。 62．推理判断题。根据“There are lots of good hotels in New York. The best is the Plaza on 5th Avenue but you don’t have to pay a lot to stay in the city,”可知，纽约有很多不错的酒店。第五大道的Plaza是最好的，由此可知“The Plaza”是一家酒店。故选B。 63．细节理解题。根据“And you shouldn’t go home without climbing the Statue of Liberty to enjoy the scenery of the city.”可知，参观纽约时，你应该攀登自由女神像。故选D。 64．细节理解题。根据“But you don’t have to use public transport—there are lots of places you can go to on foot, like the Empire State Building (帝国大厦), 5th Avenue (大街) and Central Park”可知，人们可以步行游览纽约的许多景点。故选A。 Trying to visit a big city like Los Angeles in just one day is a hard thing to do. But if you only have 24 hours, I have a plan that can help you. This guide will show you where to go and how to get around in L.A．in one day. To start your day in L.A．, head to Venice Beach. It’s a unique and interesting place, though not everyone will like it. But if you want to experience the free and creative spirit of L.A．, this is the place to be. The next place of interest that you should check out is the Getty Center, which is located on a hill in the Santa Monica mountains. It is a museum that’s made up of multiple buildings with lots of galleries inside. It has the best and most valuable art collections in L.A．, so it’s definitely worth a visit. The Chinese Theater is a really cool place in Hollywood. A long time ago, they had a big awards show for movies there. But now, most people come to see the handprints and footprints of Hollywood legends in the cement (水泥) outside. It all started when one of the famous people accidentally stepped in the wet cement when they were building the theater. Instead of fixing it, the owner thought it was a cool idea and asked other famous people to do it too. That’s how it all started. The Griffith Observatory (天文台) is a really amazing place in Los Angeles. It’s the perfect place to end your day in L.A．If you go there in the evening, you’ll be able to see a beautiful sunset. The observatory is also very pretty, with nice areas to walk around. The best part is that from the terrace (露天平台) of the observatory, you can see the whole valley. If it’s a clear day, you can even see all the way to Santa Monica! 65．Where is a good place to go if you want to experience the free and creative spirit of L.A．in just one day? A．Santa Monica mountains. B．The Getty Center. C．Venice Beach. D．Griffith Observatory. 66．What is the Getty Center in Los Angeles? A．A beach with amazing waves for surfing. B．A museum with valuable art collections. C．A popular shopping mall with multiple stores. D．A famous club that hosts music concerts. 67．What is the importance of the handprints and footprints at the Chinese Theater in Hollywood? A．They represent Hollywood legends who used to work at the theater. B．They are a symbol of Hollywood’s love for art. C．They were created accidentally by a famous person. D．They were created as a way to remember famous people in Hollywood. 68．What does the underlined word “legends” mean? A．演员 B．传奇人物 C．制片人 D．编剧 69．What can you see from the terrace of Griffith Observatory on a clear day? A．The whole valley and even Santa Monica. B．The entire city of Los Angeles. C．The Pacific Ocean and its shoreline. D．The Hollywood Hills and famous celebrity homes. 【答案】65．C 66．B 67．D 68．B 69．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了用一天时间游览洛杉矶的方法。 65．细节理解题。根据“To start your day in L.A., head to Venice Beach. It’s a unique and interesting place, though not everyone will like it. But if you want to experience the free and creative spirit of L.A., this is the place to be.”可知，如果你想在一天内体验洛杉矶的自由和创意精神，威尼斯海滩是一个不错的去处。故选C。 66．细节理解题。根据“The next place of interest that you should check out is the Getty Center, which is located on a hill in the Santa Monica mountains. It is a museum that’s made up of multiple buildings with lots of galleries inside. It has the best and most valuable art collections in L.A., so it’s definitely worth a visit.”可知，盖蒂中心，是一个由多栋建筑组成的博物馆，里面有很多画廊，拥有洛杉矶最好、最有价值的艺术品收藏，即盖蒂中心是一个拥有珍贵艺术收藏品的博物馆。故选B。 67．推理判断题。根据“It all started when one of the famous people accidentally stepped in the wet cement when they were building the theater. Instead of fixing it, the owner thought it was a cool idea and asked other famous people to do it too.”可知，水泥手印和脚印始于一位名人在工人建造剧院时不小心踩到了未干的水泥，剧院管理者没有修复它，而是认为这是一个很酷的主意，并要求其他名人也这样做，可推测水泥手印和脚印的意义是为了纪念好莱坞名人。故选D。 68．词句猜测题。根据“But now, most people come to see the handprints and footprints of Hollywood legends in the cement outside. It all started when one of the famous people accidentally stepped in the wet cement when they were building the theater. Instead of fixing it, the owner thought it was a cool idea and asked other famous people to do it too.”可知，这一切都始于一位名人在工人建造剧院时不小心踩到了未干的水泥，剧院管理者没有修复它，而是认为这是一个很酷的主意，并要求其他名人也这样做，即大多数人都是来看看外面水泥里好莱坞传奇人物的手印和脚印，可推测legends表示“传奇人物”。故选B。 69．细节理解题。根据“The best part is that from the terrace of the observatory, you can see the whole valley. If it’s a clear day, you can even see all the way to Santa Monica!”可知，最棒的是，从天文台的露台上，你可以看到整个山谷，如果天气晴朗，你甚至可以看到圣莫尼卡，即如果天气晴朗，你可以看到整个山谷，甚至圣莫尼卡。故选A。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $