内容正文:
教科版(五四学制)英语六上Unit3语法讲解及习题
一般现在时(含频率副词)
一、核心语法点详细讲解
本单元围绕“日常生活”话题,核心语法是一般现在时的完整用法(肯定句、否定句、疑问句),并结合频率副词描述动作发生的频率,同时涉及动词第三人称单数变化规则,是小学阶段最重要的时态之一,以下为分点详解。
语法点1:一般现在时的定义与核心用法
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作,客观事实或真理,以及现阶段的状态。本单元重点聚焦“日常活动”的习惯性表达。
例句1(习惯性动作):I usually get up at 6:30.(我通常6:30起床。)
例句2(客观事实):The earth goes around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)
语法点2:一般现在时的肯定句(含动词变化)
肯定句结构随主语人称和数的不同,分为实义动词原形和第三人称单数形式两种情况。
主语类型
动词形式
结构
例句
第一/二人称单复数(I/you/we/they)
复数名词
动词原形
主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
They play basketball after school.(他们放学后打篮球。)
第三人称单数(he/she/it) 单数名词/不可数名词
动词第三人称单数
主语 + 动词三单形式 + 其他
She reads books every evening.(她每天晚上看书。)
动词第三人称单数变化规则(核心考点)
变化规则
示例
1. 一般动词直接加 -s
play → plays;get → gets
2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的动词加 -es
watch → watches;wash → washes
3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,变y为i再加 -es
study → studies;fly → flies
4. 以元音字母 + y结尾的动词,直接加 -s
play → plays;say → says
5. 不规则变化
have → has;do → does;go → goes
语法点3:一般现在时的否定句
否定句需借助助动词do或does,结构为“助动词 + not + 动词原形”,核心是助动词体现人称,实义动词还原为原形。
主语类型
否定结构
缩写形式
例句
I/you/we/they 复数名词
主语 + do not + 动词原形 + 其他
don't
We don't watch TV on school nights.(我们上学日晚上不看电视。)
he/she/it 单数名词
主语 + does not + 动词原形 + 其他
doesn't
He doesn't get up late on Sundays.(他周日不晚起。)
语法点4:一般现在时的疑问句(一般疑问句&特殊疑问句)
1. 一般疑问句
用于询问“是否经常做某事”,需将助动词do/does提到句首,实义动词还原为原形。
结构(I/you/we/they):Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
回答:Yes, 主语 + do. / No, 主语 + don't.
结构(he/she/it):Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
回答:Yes, 主语 + does. / No, 主语 + doesn't.
例句:—Does she have breakfast at 7:00?(她7点吃早饭吗?)
—Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
2. 特殊疑问句
用于对“动作、时间、频率、地点”等细节提问,结构为:特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
本单元核心特殊疑问词:
what(做什么):What do you do in your free time?
when(什么时候):When do you get up?
how often(多久一次,问频率):How often do you exercise?
where(在哪里):Where do they live?
who(谁):Who do you play with?
语法点5:频率副词的用法
频率副词用于描述动作发生的频率高低,本单元重点考查其位置和语义。
频率副词
频率(约)
位置规则
例句
always
100%(总是)
放在实义动词之前,be动词之后
She always helps her mother do housework.
usually
80%(通常)
同上
I usually go to school by bike.
often
60%(经常)
同上
They often play football on the playground.
sometimes
40%(有时)
同上,也可放句首
Sometimes he reads English in the morning.
never
0%(从不)
同上
He never eats junk food.
2、 习题
第一部分:单项选择
1. My brother _________ basketball every afternoon.
A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play
2. — _________ you usually get up at 6:00?
—Yes, I do.
A. Do B. Does C. Are D. Is
3. She _________ watch TV in the evening. She likes reading books.
A. don't B. doesn't C. isn't D. aren't
4. —What _________ your father do?
—He is a teacher.
A. do B. does C. is D. are
5. They _________ often go for a walk after dinner.
A. not B. don't C. doesn't D. aren't
6. —How often _________ she exercise?
—She exercises three times a week.
A. do B. does C. is D. are
7. My sister _________ her room every Sunday.
A. clean B. cleans C. cleaning D. to clean
8. —Does Tom _________ with his friends after school?
—Yes, he does.
A. hang out B. hangs out C. hanging out D. to hang out
9. We _________ always late for school. We get up early every day.
A. aren't B. don't C. doesn't D. not
10. — _________ do you have lunch?
—At 12:00.
A. What B. When C. How often D. Where
第二部分:用所给动词的适当形式填空
11. I _________ (get) up at 6:30 every morning.
12. She _________ (not like) milk. She drinks juice every day.
13. My father _________ (go) to work by car.
14. They _________ (play) football on Saturdays.
15. — _________ your mother _________ (cook) dinner every day?
—Yes, she does.
16. He _________ (usually / read) books in the evening.
17. The students _________ (not watch) TV on school days.
18. My brother _________ (have) a new bike. He rides it to school.
19. —What _________ you _________ (do) in your free time?
—I _________ (listen) to music.
20. She _________ (never / eat) ice cream. It's not healthy.
第三部分:频率副词与动词搭配
请根据句意,用“频率副词 + 动词适当形式”完成句子,频率副词从 always/usually/often/sometimes/never 中选择。
21. I _________ (go) to the park on Sundays. (频率80%)
22. They _________ (eat) breakfast at home. (频率0%)
23. My sister _________ (help) me with my homework. (频率100%)
24. He _________ (play) basketball after school. (频率40%)
25. We _________ (watch) TV in the evening. (频率60%)
第四部分:按要求改写句子
26. I usually do my homework at 7:00.(改为否定句)
27. She plays the piano every Saturday.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
28. They live near the school.(对划线部分提问)
29. He often reads books in the library.(对划线部分提问)
第五部分:补全对话
A: Hi, Jack! 30. _________ do you do in your free time?
B: I usually play basketball with my friends.
A: 31. _________ do you play basketball?
B: We play it every Friday afternoon.
A: 32. _________ your brother play basketball with you?
B: No, he doesn't. He 33. _________ plays football. He thinks basketball is boring.
三、习题答案及解析
第一部分:单项选择
题号
答案
解析
1
B
主语My brother是第三人称单数,动词用三单形式plays。
2
A
主语you,一般现在时一般疑问句用Do开头。
3
B
主语She是第三人称单数,否定句用doesn't + 动词原形。
4
B
主语your father是第三人称单数,特殊疑问句用does。
5
B
主语They是复数,否定句用don't + 动词原形。
6
B
主语she是第三人称单数,特殊疑问句用does。
7
B
主语My sister是第三人称单数,动词用三单形式cleans。
8
A
助动词Does后,实义动词还原为原形hang out。
9
A
late是形容词,频率副词always放在be动词之后,根据后句可知是否定,用aren't。
10
B
根据答语At 12:00可知,对时间提问用When。
第二部分:用所给动词的适当形式填空
11. get(主语I,用动词原形)
12. doesn't like(主语She是三单,否定用doesn't + 原形like)
13. goes(主语My father是三单,go的三单形式是goes)
14. play(主语They,用动词原形)
15. Does;cook(主语your mother是三单,一般疑问句用Does开头,动词还原为cook)
16. usually reads(频率副词放实义动词前,主语He是三单,read用reads)
17. don't watch(主语The students是复数,否定用don't + 原形watch)
18. has(主语My brother是三单,have的三单形式是has)
19. do;do;listen(第一空主语you,用do;第二空动词还原为do;第三空主语I,用listen)
20. never eats(频率副词放实义动词前,主语She是三单,eat用eats)
第三部分:频率副词与动词搭配
21. usually go(频率80%用usually,主语I,动词用原形go)
22. never eat(频率0%用never,主语They,动词用原形eat)
23. always helps(频率100%用always,主语My sister是三单,help用helps)
24. sometimes plays(频率40%用sometimes,主语He是三单,play用plays)
25. often watch(频率60%用often,主语We,动词用原形watch)
第四部分:按要求改写句子
26. I don't usually do my homework at 7:00.
解析:主语I,否定句用don't,频率副词usually放在don't之后、实义动词之前。
27. Does she play the piano every Saturday?
No, she doesn't.
解析:主语she是三单,一般疑问句将Does提到句首,动词plays还原为play;否定回答用No, she doesn't.
28. Where do they live?
解析:划线部分near the school是地点,用Where提问,主语they是复数,加do,动词live还原为原形。
29. What does he often do in the library?
解析:划线部分reads books是动作,用What提问,主语he是三单,加does,频率副词often放在does之后、实义动词之前,用do替代原动作。
第五部分:补全对话
30. What(根据答语“做篮球运动”,对动作提问用What)
31. How often(根据答语“每周五下午”,对频率提问用How often)
32. Does(主语your brother是三单,一般疑问句用Does开头)
33. always(根据语境“他觉得篮球无聊”,可知“总是踢足球”,用always)
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