Unit 1 Grammar 课件 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

Unit 1 Grammar Present Perfect Tense 译林版 | 八年级下册 1.7.2013 Hello everyone! Welcome to our grammar class. Today, we are going to learn a very important tense in Unit 1: the Present Perfect Tense. Let's start our journey! ‹#› Contents Warm-up 热身导入 Presentation 课堂演示 Grammar Focus 语法精讲 Practice 巩固练习 Production 产出运用 Summary & Homework 总结与作业 1.7.2013 Here is the outline of our lesson today. We will go through six parts: Warm-up, Presentation, Grammar Focus, Practice, Production, and finally, Summary and Homework. Let's move to the first part. ‹#› Warm-up: Changes in Shenzhen Observation Task Look at the pictures. What changes can you see in Shenzhen? Instruction Discuss with your partner for 2 minutes. 1.7.2013 First, let's start with a warm-up activity. Please look at these two sets of pictures showing Shenzhen in the past and now. Work with your partner and discuss: What changes can you see in Shenzhen? You have 2 minutes. ‹#› Lead-in to Grammar Key Sentence Shenzhenhas changeda lot over the years. Grammar Focus To talk about changes and experiences that connect the past with the present, we use thePresent Perfect Tense. 1.7.2013 You did a great job! We can see that Shenzhen has changed a lot. The sentence "Shenzhen has changed a lot over the years" uses a new tense - the Present Perfect Tense. This tense helps us talk about changes and experiences that are related to the present. Today, we will focus on mastering this important grammar point. ‹#› Presentation: A Conversation about Shenzhen Mille I've just found out many things about Shenzhen from my uncle.He's livedthere since he finished college. He said there are a lot more jobs now, and the living conditions are much better. Yes. Transport has also improved a lot. People can get around easily now. No,I've never visitedShenzhen, but I plan to do this summer holiday. Sandy Really? What did he tell you? That's nice. Did he tell you anything else? Wow. I hope one day I can visit Shenzhen.Have you beento Shenzhen before? Great idea! Let's go together! 1.7.2013 Now, let's look at a conversation between Mille and Sandy about Shenzhen. Please read it carefully and pay attention to the underlined parts. ‹#› Key Sentences from the Conversation He'slivedthere since he finished college. Transporthas also improveda lot. Have you beento Shenzhen before? No,I've never visitedShenzhen. 1.7.2013 From the conversation, we can pick out these key sentences. All of them use the Present Perfect Tense. Let's list them here and analyze their structure and meaning together. ‹#› Observation: What do they have in common? Grammar Structure Q: What words do they all have? They all usehas / have + past participle Time Reference Q: What time period do they refer to? They connectthe past and the present 1.7.2013 Now, let's think about these sentences. What words do they all have? Yes, they all use "has" or "have" plus a special form of the verb, which we call the past participle. And what time do they talk about? They all connect the past with the present. That's the core of the Present Perfect Tense. ‹#› Grammar Focus 1: Usage Use 1: Definition An action started in the past and continues to the present. Key Markers Often used with:for, since Examples Hehas livedheresince2010. Ihave studiedEnglishfor5 years. 1.7.2013 Now let's dive into the grammar rules. The first main usage is to describe an action that started in the past and is still happening now. We often use time expressions like "for" (to show a period of time) and "since" (to show a starting point in time) with this usage. ‹#› Grammar Focus 2: Usage Core Concept An action happened in the past and has a connection with the present. (The exact time is not mentioned.) Example 1: Consequence Ihave lostmy key. (Result: I can't open the door now.) Example 2: Experience Shehas seenthis movie. (Result: She knows the story now.) 1.7.2013 The second usage is to talk about a past action that has a result or connection to the present moment. We don't usually say when the action happened. For example, if I say "I have lost my key," the important thing is the present result: I don't have my key now and can't open the door. ‹#› Grammar Focus 3: Usage Core Concept We use the Present Perfect Tense to describe how many times an action has happened up to the present moment. Common Signal Words already, just ever, never yet Examples Ihave beento Beijingtwice. Have youever eatensushi? I haveneverseen such a beautiful place. 1.7.2013 Thirdly, we use the Present Perfect Tense to talk about how many times an action has happened up to the present. We often use words like "already," "just," "ever," "never," and "yet" with this usage to give more information about the time or experience. ‹#› Grammar Focus: Structure Positive Sentences I / You / We / Theyhave+ past participle ... He / She / Ithas+ past participle ... Negative Sentences ...have not (haven't)+ past participle ... ...has not (hasn't)+ past participle ... Questions HaveI / you / we / they + past participle ...? Hashe / she / it + past participle ...? Short Answers Yes, I/you/we/theyhave. / No, ...haven't. Yes, he/she/ithas. / No, ...hasn't. 1.7.2013 Now let's look at the basic structure. For positive sentences, we use "have" or "has" plus the past participle. For negatives, we add "not" after "have" or "has". For questions, we put "have" or "has" at the beginning of the sentence. Short answers are also formed with "have" or "has". ‹#› Grammar Focus: Past Participle Regular Verbs (规则动词) Rule: Add-ed(like the simple past) finish - finished change - changed carry - carried stop - stopped Irregular Verbs (不规则动词) Rule: No fixed rule (need to memorize) come - come hold - held buy - bought see - seen be - been fall - fallen 1.7.2013 The key part of the Present Perfect Tense is the past participle. For regular verbs, it's easy: we just add "-ed", the same as the simple past tense. But for irregular verbs, the past participle has different forms, and we need to memorize them one by one. Let's review some common ones. ‹#› Practice A: Fill in the blanks 1. Sunshine Town ______________ (change) a lot over the years. 2. The government ______________ (turn) part of the town centre into a new park. 3. Recently, the air in our town ______________ (improve) a lot. 4. Some people in the countryside ______________ already ______________ (move) to new buildings. 5. Last year, the government ______________ (build) an art museum. 6. I ______________ (not visit) the museum yet. 1.7.2013 Now it's practice time! Let's start with Exercise A. Please complete the sentences about the changes in Sunshine Town using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. You have 3 minutes to finish it by yourself. ‹#› Practice A: Answer Key 1. has changed Key: over the years (from past to present) 2. has turned Key: Past action with present influence 3. has improved Key: recently (Present Perfect Tense marker) 4. have, moved Key: already (Present Perfect Tense marker) 5. built Key: last year (Simple Past Tense marker) 6. haven't visited Key: yet (used in negative sentences) 1.7.2013 Time's up! Let's check the answers together. Please pay attention to the time expressions, which help us decide which tense to use. For example, "over the years" and "recently" tell us to use the Present Perfect Tense, while "last year" tells us to use the Simple Past Tense. ‹#› Practice B: Fill in the blanks Word Bank:buy, visit, find, leave, go, return, work My father (1) ________ a job as an engineer after he finished college. He (2) ________ at the company for over 17 years up to now. My mum (3) ________ her hometown at the age of 18, but she often returns to visit my grandparents. Last week she (4) ________ back to see them and (5) ________ not (6) ________ yet. My family (7) ________ a car last year. Since then, we (8) ________ many beautiful places in this car. 1.7.2013 Great job! Now let's move on to Exercise B. This time, you need to choose the correct verb from the box and use its proper form to fill in the blanks about Millie's family life. You have 4 minutes. ‹#› Practice B: Answer Key 1. found Context: after he finished college (Past Time Marker) 2. has worked Context: for over 17 years up to now (Present Perfect) 3. left Context: at the age of 18 (Specific Past Time) 4. went Context: Last week (Simple Past Marker) 5. has Context: State verb (General Truth/State) 6. returned Context: yet (Negative Present Perfect) 7. bought Context: last year (Simple Past Marker) 8. have visited Context: Since then (Present Perfect Duration) 1.7.2013 Let's check the answers for Exercise B. This exercise is a bit more challenging as it requires you to choose the right verb and the right tense. Remember, "for" and "since" are key time markers for the Present Perfect Tense when talking about duration. ‹#› Practice C: Complete the interview Reporter:Hello Andrew. You (1) ______ (live) in Shenzhen for ten years. Do you like living here? Andrew:Yes, very much. I (2) ______ (be) to many cities, but Shenzhen is my favourite. I (3) ______ (fall) in love with it—it feels like home. Reporter:There (4) ______ (be) lots of changes. (5) ______ you ______ (notice) any of these while you've been here? Andrew:Transport has changed a lot. There (6) ______ (be) more underground lines now. It's very easy to get around the city. 1.7.2013 Now, let's do a more communicative practice. This is an interview between a reporter and Andrew, who lives in Shenzhen. Please work in pairs to complete the conversation. One of you is the reporter, the other is Andrew. You have 5 minutes to prepare and practice the dialogue. ‹#› Practice C: Answer Key have lived(for ten years 表示持续到现在的状态) have been(have been to 表示曾经去过某地) have fallen(表示过去的动作对现在的影响：现在感觉像家) have been(in the past few years 是现在完成时的标志) Have, noticed(while you've been here 强调在这段时间内) are(now 表示现在的状态，用一般现在时) 1.7.2013 Let's check the answers for the interview. This practice helps us use the Present Perfect Tense in a real conversation. Pay attention to how the tense is used to talk about experiences and changes over a period of time. ‹#› Production: Talk about Your Hometown Group Task Work in groups of four. Discuss the changes in your hometown using the Present Perfect Tense. Guiding Questions What changes have taken place in the environment? How has the transport system changed? What new buildings or facilities have been built? How have people's lives changed? 1.7.2013 Now comes the production part! It's time for you to use what you've learned to talk about your own experiences. Please work in groups of four and discuss the changes in your hometown. Use the guiding questions to help you, and try to use the Present Perfect Tense as much as possible. You have 8 minutes for the discussion. ‹#› Useful Expressions My hometownhas changeda lot over the years. The roadshave becomewider and cleaner. Many new parkshave been built. The air qualityhas improved. More peoplehave boughtprivate cars. Ihave seenmany changes in my hometown. Great changeshave taken placein my hometown. 1.7.2013 Here are some useful expressions to help you with your discussion. You can use these sentence patterns to describe the changes in your hometown more easily. ‹#› Share Your Ideas Instruction Each group selects one representative to share your group's ideas with the class. Teacher's Role Listen carefully, take notes, and give feedback on the students' use of the Present Perfect Tense. 1.7.2013 Time's up for discussion. Now, each group please choose one representative to share your ideas with the whole class. I'm looking forward to hearing about the interesting changes in your hometowns! ‹#› Creative Writing Writing Task Topic: Describe an important change in your hometown. Details: Approximately 80 words Focus on what the change is Explain its impact on people's lives Key Requirements Grammar Focus: Use at least 5 sentences with thePresent Perfect Tense. Structure: Introduction of the change Description of the impact 1.7.2013 Excellent sharing! Now, let's put our ideas into writing. Please write a short passage about an important change in your hometown. Remember to use at least five sentences with the Present Perfect Tense. You have 10 minutes to finish your writing. ‹#› Summary & Homework Key Summary Three Main Uses Focus on the three main applications of the Present Perfect Tense. Basic Structure Subject + have/has + Past Participle (V-ed). Time Expressions for, since, already, just, ever, never, yet, recently, over the years... Homework Assignment Basic Task Finish all the related grammar exercises in your workbook to consolidate the structure. Extended Task Interview a family member about the changes in their life over the past 10 years and write a short report using the tense we learned. 1.7.2013 Let's summarize what we've learned today. We focused on the three main uses of the Present Perfect Tense, its basic structure, and some common time expressions. For homework, please finish the basic exercises and try the extended task if you have time. ‹#› Self-assessment Rate your understanding (1-5, 5 is the best): 1. I can understand the three uses of the Present Perfect Tense. 2. I can use regular and irregular past participles correctly. 3. I can complete fill-in-the-blank exercises with the correct tense. 4. I can use the Present Perfect Tense in discussions. 1.7.2013 Now, please take a moment to assess your own learning today. Rate your understanding of the four items from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best. This will help you know what you need to review after class. ‹#› Thank You! See you next time! 1.7.2013 Thank you for your active participation today! Great job, everyone! The class is over. See you next time! ‹#› $