Unit1 Past and present Grammar (教学课件）2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时语法，涵盖构成、三大核心用法及过去分词变化规则。通过视频导入结合对话阅读引出语法点，以例句解析、结构表格、分层练习为支架，构建从感知到应用的学习脉络。 其亮点在于情境化设计与思维引导，借助城镇变化、家庭生活等真实语境练习提升语言能力，通过规则归纳和例句对比培养思维品质，分层任务助力学习能力发展。学生能在实践中掌握语法，教师可直接使用系统教学资源提升效率。

Unit 1 Past and present Grammar 初中英语牛津译林版（2024）八年级下册 23021 1 学习目标 通过本节课的学习，同学们将能： 1．理解并掌握本课重点单词和短语(yet, recently, in the past)，运用现在 完成时的肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句结构，描述与现在有联系的过去动作或状态。 2．区分并掌握现在完成时的三大核心用法(表动作从过去持续到现在、表过去动 作对现在的影响、表动作到现在的发生次数)，理解过去分词的规则与不规则变化 差异。 3．在实际情境中运用所学的语法知识，如描述城镇变化、家庭生活和人物在城市 的生活经历等，完成相关的动词形式填空和句子翻译练习。 23021 新课导入 Video about the present perfect tense 3 Read the conversation below and pay attention to the use of the present perfect tense Millie: I've just found out many things about Shenzhen from my uncle. He's lived there since he finished college. Sandy: Really? What did he tell you? Millie: He said there are a lot more jobs now in Shenzhen, and the living conditions are much better. Sandy: That's nice. Did he tell you anything else? Millie: Yes. Transport has also improved a lot. People can get around the city easily. Sandy: Wow. I hope one day I can visit Shenzhen. Have you been to Shenzhen before? Millie: I’ve only been there once, but I’m planning to go there again this summer. You can join me ! Sandy: Great idea! 23021 We use the present perfect tense to talk about: ● an action that started in the past and continues to the present; ] ● an action that happened in the past and has a connection with the (past, present); ● how many times an action has happened up to ___________(the present, some point in the future). Work out the rule! present the present 23021 重点探究 I have lived here since I was born. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present. 我们用现在完成时来谈论一个从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作。 Try to understand what the present perfect tense is. I have lost my key, so I can’t open the door. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and has a connection with the present. 我们用现在完成时来谈论发生在过去和现在有联系的一个动作。 Try to understand what the present perfect tense is. 23021 I have already read this book many times. We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now. 我们也用现在完成时态来谈论一个动作到现在已经发生了多少次。 Try to understand what the present perfect tense is. 23021 Look at the sentences and try to work out the rule. 现在完成时的肯定句结构为： 主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他). I/You/We/They have arrived in Shenzhen. He/She/It has I have finished my homework. He has written six poems. 23021 Look at the sentences and try to work out the rule. I/You/We/They have not arrived in Shenzhen. He/She/It has I haven't seen the movie yet. He hasn't come here yet. 现在完成时的否定句结构为： 主语 + have / has + not + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他). have not = haven't has not = hasn't 23021 Have I/you/we/they arrived in Shenzhen?　 Has　 he/she/it Yes， I/you/we/they　 have. he/she/it　 has.　 No， I/you/we/they　 haven't. he/she/it　 hasn't.　 Look at the sentences and try to work out the rule. 现在完成时的一般疑问句及其肯否定回答结构为： Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他)? Yes, 主语 + have / has. No, 主语 + haven't / hasn't. 23021 Look at the words and try to work out the rules the formation of the past participles of regular verbs. work→worked listen→listened jump→jumped finish→finished 大多数的动词的过去分词只需在动词后加-ed。 close→closed like→liked agree→agreed change→changed 以e结尾的动词的过去分词只需在动词后加-d。 23021 Look at the words and try to work out the rules the formation of the past participles of regular verbs. study→studied carry→carried try→tried worry→worried 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词的过去分词应将y改为i再加ed。 stop→stopped drop→dropped 以重读闭音节结尾的动词的过去分词要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。 23021 No change come→come hurt→hurt Change the vowel hold→held win→won Change the consonant lend→lent build→built Change the vowel(s) and the consonant(s) catch→caught keep→kept forget→forgotten tell→told Others be→been have→had fall→fallen fly→flown draw→drawn see→seen 其他一些不规则动词的过去分词的变化规律。 23021 A Millie is making notes about the changes in Sunshine Town. Complete her notes with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. ●Sunshine Town (1) (change) a lot over the years. ●The government (2) just (turn) part of the town centre into a new park. ●Recently, the air in our town (3) (improve) a lot. ●Some people in the countryside (4) already (move) to new buildings. ●Last year, the government (5) (build) an art museum. I (6) (not visit) the museum yet. has changed has turned has improved have moved built haven’t visited 23021 B Millie is writing about her family life. Complete her sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. ● My dad (1) a job as an engineer in a company after he finished college. He (2) at the company for over 17 years up to now. ● My mum (3) her hometown at the age of 18, but she often returns to visit my grandparents. Last week she (4) back to see them and (5) not yet. ● My family(6) a car last year. Since then, we (7) many beautiful places in this car. buy visit find leave go return work left has worked found went returned has bought have visited 23021 C Millie is watching an interview. A reporter is interviewing a foreigner who has lived in Shenzhen for many years. Read the interview script and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Reporter: Hello Andrew. You (1) (live) in Shenzhen for ten years. Do you like living here? Andrew: Yes, very much. I (2) (be) to many cities around the world, but Shenzhen is my favourite. You could say I (3)__________ fall) in love with Shenzhen—it feels like home. Reporter: In fact, there (4) (be) lots of changes in the past few years.(5) you (notice) any of these while you've been here? have lived have been have fallen have been Have noticed 23021 Andrew: Well, transport has changed a lot. There (6) (be) more underground lines now. I take the underground most days. It's very easy to get around the city. Reporter: Yes, it is. Thank you for speaking to me. I (7) (enjoy) hearing your thoughts about our city. are enjoy/have enjoyed 23021 拓展提升 Language Points 现在完成时（Ⅰ） 我们用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，或已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。 如： He has lived here since he came to Nanjing. 自从来到南京，他就住在这里。 I have lost my mobile phone. 我的手机丢了。 现在完成时常和already、ever、just、never、recently、yet等副词以及since、for引导的时间状语连用。 如： He has already taken first prize twice. 他已经拿过两次一等奖了。 He has not returned the book to me yet. 他还没有把那本书还给我。 He has never visited the Great Wall. 他从没去过长城。 注意：already常用于肯定句，意思是“已经”，而yet常用于否定句和疑问句，意思是“还”。 现在完成时的动词构成：have/has + 动词的过去分词 23021 现在完成时的结构： 1. 肯定句：主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他). e.g. Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已经擦了窗户。 We have lived here for two years. 我们在这里住了两年了。 2. 否定句：主语 + have / has + not + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他). e.g. I haven't finished the work yet. 我还没有完成这项工作。 He hasn't cleaned his room. 他还没有打扫他的房间。 23021 现在完成时的结构： 3. 一般疑问句及其肯定否定回答： Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他)? Yes, 主语 + have / has. No, 主语 + haven't / hasn't. e.g. —Have you finished you homework? 你做完作业了吗？ —Yes, I have. 是的，我做完了。 —No, I haven't. 不，我没有做完。 —Has he ever been to Beijing? 他曾经去过北京吗？ —Yes, he has. 是的，他过去。 —No, he hasn't. 不，他没有去过。 23021 大多数动词的过去分词变化形式同动词的过去式，可参考动词的过去式变化规则。 变化 举例 一般情况在动词原形后加-ed finish—finished—finished 以字母e 结尾的动词，只加-d move—moved—moved 以“ 辅音字母+y ”结尾的动词，把y 改为i，再加-ed carry—carried—carried 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop—stopped—stopped 23021 不规则动词的过去分词变化： 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致 分类如下： 变化 举例 与原形相同 hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt 在原形后加t或d learn—learnt—learnt hear—heard—heard 原形中的元音字母有变化 get—got—got sit—sat—sat 原形中的辅音字母有变化 make—made—made spill—spilt—spilt 原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化 feel—felt—felt smell—smelt—smelt 23021 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 变化 举例 与原形相同 come—came—come run—ran—run 原形中的元音字母有变化 ring—rang—rung sing—sang—sung 在原形上加en eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen 在原形上加n see—saw—seen give—gave—given 在过去式上加n steal—stole—stolen break—broke—broken 原形、过去式和过去分词词形差异较大 do—did—done go—went—gone 23021 当堂检测 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. She __________ (wait) for two hours already. 2. _____ you ______ (hear) from my sister recently? 3. Mark _________ (be) there for two days. 4. _____ they ever _____ (stay) at home alone? 5. Daniel ______ just _________ (arrive) home. 6. We _____________(not eat) anything since then. has waited Have heard has been has arrived haven't eaten Have stayed 二、翻译下列句子。 1. 你已经制作好生日贺卡了吗？ ______ _______ __________ making the birthday card ______? 2. 我已经吃过早饭了，现在一点也不饿。 I _____ _______ ________ breakfast, and now I am not hungry at all. 3. ——你这周日准备做什么？——还没决定。 —What are you going to do this Sunday? —I _____ ________ ___. 4. ——你读过《哈利·波特》这本书么？ ——是的，我已经读过好多遍了。 — _____ you _____ the book Harry Porter? —Yes, I ___ _______ ______ it several times. 5. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这里。 He _____ _____ here since 1978. have already eaten/had Have you finished yet haven't decided yet Have read have already read has lived 23021 课堂总结 重点单词： yet, recently, past Unit 1 Period 4 现在完成时的基本构成和用法： 现在完成时的动词构成：_______________________; 动词过去分词的变化规则： 1.大多数词后加_____; 2.以字母e的词后加_____; 3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后 一个辅音字母再加_____; 4.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，将y改为__,再加____。 have/has + 动词的过去分词 ed d ed i ed THANKS Lavf57.83.100 $