内容正文:
专题10 特殊句式(感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
目录
考点一 感叹句 4
考向一:感叹句的基本用法 4
考点二 祈使句 6
考向一:祈使句的基本用法 6
考向二:祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换 6
考点三 倒装句 8
考向一:部分倒装 8
考向二:完全倒装 9
第一部分 感叹句
主要考点
1. 识别感叹句的类型,包括由 what 和 how 引导的感叹句。
2. 掌握 what 引导的感叹句结构:What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
3. 掌握 how 引导的感叹句结构:How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
课标要求
1. 理解感叹句的意义和用法。
2. 能够在口语和书面表达中恰当地使用感叹句来表达强烈的情感。
3. 识别不同类型的感叹句,并理解其表达的情感色彩。
第二部分 祈使句
主要考点
1. 肯定祈使句的结构:动词原形开头。例如:Open the door.
2. 否定祈使句的结构:Don't + 动词原形。例如:Don't be late.
3. 以 Let's 开头的祈使句结构及回答。例如:Let's go shopping. —— OK./Good idea.
4. 祈使句的反意疑问句形式,常用 will you 或 won't you。例如:Open the window, will you?
5. 识别特殊形式的祈使句,如:No smoking! / Be quiet!
课标要求
1. 理解祈使句的功能和用法。
2. 能够在恰当的情境中使用祈使句发出指令、提出请求或给出建议。
3. 掌握祈使句的基本结构和语法特点。
第三部分 倒装句
维度
倒装句
疑问句
主要考点
1. 完全倒装:如 “Here comes the bus.”(方位副词 + 谓语 + 主语)结构;“There be” 句型也属于倒装结构。
2. 部分倒装:常见于含有否定意义的词(如 never、hardly 等)位于句首时,如 “Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.”(助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语动词)。
3. 倒装句用于强调某些成分,例如 “Only in this way can we solve the problem.”(only + 状语 + 部分倒装)
1. 一般疑问句:结构为 “助动词 / 情态动词 / Be 动词 + 主语 + 其他?”,如 “Are you a student?”,重点考查助动词、情态动词和 be 动词的正确使用。
2. 特殊疑问句:结构是 “特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句?”,例如 “What are you doing?”,主要考点是特殊疑问词的选择(what、where、when、who、why、how 等)和句子语序。
3. 选择疑问句:用 “or” 连接选项,如 “Do you like apples or bananas?”,考查对选项的回答方式。
4. 反意疑问句:结构是 “陈述句 + 简短问句?”,如 “He is a good boy, isn't he?”,重点是掌握前后句的肯否定形式搭配以及回答方式。
课标要求
1. 理解倒装句的概念和基本类型,能够识别和理解完全倒装和部分倒装的句子。
2. 能够在书面和口语表达中,根据语境适当使用倒装句来增强表达效果或强调重点。
1. 能理解和运用各种疑问句进行提问和回答。
2. 熟练掌握疑问句的语序和构成,在交流和写作中准确表达疑问、请求等意图。
命题预测:感叹句是历年中考常考的题型,通常以完型填空、语法填空的形式呈现感叹句由what或how引导,句末用感叹号,朗读时用降调。对倒装句和强调句的考查在语法填空、词汇运用、书面表达等题型中有所体现,侧重考查考生的综合运用能力。
考点一 感叹句
考向一:感叹句的基本用法
用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子,叫感叹句。感叹句由what或how引导,具体用法如下表:
类别
结构
例句
what引导
What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What a kind girl ( she is )! (她是)一个多么善良的女孩啊!
What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What beautiful flowers ( they are)! 多么漂亮的花!
What bad weather ( it is )! 多么糟糕的天气!
how引导
How + 主语 + 谓语!
How time flies! 时间飞逝!
How + 形容词/副词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
How brave ( the hero is )!(这个英雄)真勇敢!
How slowly he walks! 他走得多慢啊!
How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
How clever ( a boy he is )! (他是)一个多么聪明的男孩啊!
【知识拓展】
如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句:
1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what;
2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等;
3.其他一般用how。
口诀助记:
感叹句要记牢,句子主谓先划掉,再来确定what/how;再在形容词后找,若有名词用what,没有名词用how。
1.________ cool weather it is!
A.What B.What an C.How
2.________ great Chinese astronauts they are! They are the pride of our country.
A.How B.What C.How a D.What a
3.______ beautiful lanterns people showed on the festival!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
4.Miss Li is playing the piano in the hall. ________ beautiful music it is!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
5.—________ important knowledge is to us!
—I agree with you.
A.What a B.What C.How a D.How
6.________ smart the robot cleaner is! I really want to have one.
A.How B.What C.What a
考点二 祈使句
考向一:祈使句的基本用法
祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。
1. 肯定的祈使句
①句型:动词原形+其他成分。
Be careful! 小心!
②"Do+祈使句"表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。
③please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。
Close the door, please. 请关门。
2. 否定的祈使句
①常用句型:Don’t+动词原形+其他成分。
Don’t be late for school again! 别再迟到了!
②用Never开头:Never+动词原形+其他成分。
Never leave today’s work for tomorrow! 不要把今天的工作留到明天!
3. Let引导的祈使句
以Let开头的句子也是祈使句,表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种:Let...not或Don’t...
Let us not be late. 让我们不要迟到。
Don’t let the boy play football in the street. 不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。
考向二:祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换
1. "Let’s + 动词原形 + 其他"可转换为"Shall we + 动词原形 + 其他? "。
Let’s go fishing this afternoon.
=Shall we go fishing this afternoon?
2. "祈使句 + and/or + 简单句"可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。
Use your head, and you’ll find a way.
=If you use your head, you’ll find a way.
Hurry up, or we’ll be late.
=If we don’t hurry up, we’ll be late.
类型
肯定结构及例句
否定结构及例句
Do型
动词原形+其他:Open the door.
Don’t +动词原形+其他:Don’t stand up!
Be型
Be+表语:Be quiet!
Don’t+be+表语:Don’t be late for class!
Let型
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Let’s have another try.
Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Don’t let the boy draw here.
Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他:Let’s not wait outside the gate.
Never型
——
Never+动词原形:Never leave today’s work till tomorrow.
No型
——
No+名词/动名词:No parking!
1.________ make any noise. You’re in the reading room.
A.Doesn’t B.Didn’t C.Don’t D.Did
2.—Mary, ________ worry about what to wear today. Your smile goes with any clothes.
—Thank you, Mom.
A.not B.don’t C.doesn’t D.isn’t
3.Growing up is not easy, Tom. ________ calm when you’re facing serious problems in life.
A.Staying B.Stays C.Stay D.To stay
4.________ to protect yourselves and it’s everyone’s duty to fight against school bullying (校园霸凌).
A.To learn B.Learn C.Learning D.Learned
5.________ action now, or you’ll never get good grades.
A.To take B.Took C.Take D.Taking
6.________ reading books every day, and you will be knowledgeable and wise.
A.Keep B.To keep C.Keeping D.Kept
7.________ “lying flat (躺平)”, and you will make your life more meaningful and colorful.
A.Refuse B.Refusing C.To refuse D.Refused
考点三 倒装句
考向一:部分倒装
倒装条件
例句
一般疑问句中,将助动词放到主语之前,构成部分倒装。
Do you like eating apples?你喜欢吃苹果吗?
特殊疑问句中,疑问词作宾语、表语或状语,需要将其置于句首,将助动词置于主语前构成部分倒装。
Where have you been these days?这些天你到哪里去了?
"only+状语/状语从句"位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
Only in this way can you improve your grade. 只有用这种方法你才能提高自己的成绩。
表示否定意义的词或短语,如little, hardly, never, in no case, seldom等,放在句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone. 几乎没有一天没有来访者。
虚拟条件句中,从句谓语部分中有were, had或should可省略if,把were,had或should提到主语前。
Should we succeed, we would be rich. 我们一旦成功就发财了。
" so... that..."句型中,"so+adj. /adv."位于句首时。
So fast did he run that we couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得如此快,以至于我们赶不上他。
表示"也(不) ……"的句式,即"so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语"形式。
I don’t like it; neither do I care it. 我不喜欢它,也不在意它。
某些含有否定含义的词位于句首时,如not only…but also,hardly…when,no…sooner…than, not…until等,主句用部分倒装。
Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
may表示祝愿时用部分倒装。
May you have a good time! 祝你玩得愉快!
【易错警示】
1.特殊疑问句中,如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,则不用倒装。
Who knows the answer to this question?谁知道这个问题的答案?
2. "so+主语+谓语"结构不用倒装。
—Jimmy is good at playing football. 吉米足球踢得很好。
—So he is. 的确。
考向二:完全倒装
倒装条件
例句
表示方位、地点、时间、次序的词,如in, out,
up, there, then, here, first等放在句首,若主
语是名词而不是代词时,句子用完全倒装
Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。
Here he comes. 他来了。
分词短语置于句首时,句子用完全倒装
Lying on the couch is an old lady. 躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。
There be句型是全倒装的一种
There are a number of teachers and students in the school. 在这所学校有很多老师和学生。
作表语的such位于句首时
Such are the most powerful voices of our times!这些就是我们时代的最强音!
【巧学助记】全部倒装并不难,需要记住这几点;位置副词there句首,表语such提句前,介词短语表地点,全部倒装谓在前。
【辨析】so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语和neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语的区别
区别
so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语
依附于肯定句,表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为"……也……"。
neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语
依附于否定句,表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为"……也不……"。
Tom watched TV last night, so did Ann.汤姆昨晚看电视了,安也看了。
Mary didn’t watch TV last night, neither did Jim.玛丽昨晚没有看电视,吉姆也没看。
【注意】若对前面所说的事实加以肯定时,应用"so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词"。此时前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。
这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物,意思是"某人(物)也(不)是这样"。这种结构中的"助动词/be动词/情态动词"在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致,而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。
Lucy is a good student, so is Lily. 露西是个好学生,莉莉也是。
1.—________ the years go by, I still remember the games we played when we were school boys.
—________. They were very interesting at that time.
A.Though; Neither do I B.As; So do I C.While; Me too D.Since; Me neither
2.—I will not give up my dreams though there are many difficulties.
—________.
A.So will I B.Neither will I C.Neither won’t I
3.—I am not going swimming tomorrow afternoon. I have a lot of work to do.
—______.
A.Neither am I B.Nor I will C.So am I
4.—Only in this way ________ our task in such a short time.
—Yes. Let’s try our best to do it well.
A.we can finish B.we can be finished
C.can we finish D.can we be finished
5.—Would you like to go shopping with me, Bob?
—If Jack doesn’t go, ________.
A.neither will I B.so will I C.neither do I D.so do I
一、单项选择
1.(2025·天津·中考真题)It’s raining outside. Take an umbrella, ________ you will get wet.
A.and B.or C.so D.but
2.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)________ a self-driving car where you want to go, and it will take you there.
A.Tell B.Tells C.Told D.To tell
3.(2023·上海·中考真题)Let’s hurry up, ________ we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety.
A.or B.so C.and D.but
4.(2024·四川成都·中考真题)Go bird-watching in Qinglong Lake, ________ you will find it fun and meaningful.
A.and B.or C.but
5.(2025·四川广元·中考真题)—Mike, ________ such a loud noise in the room. Your sister is sleeping.
—OK, Dad. I won’t do that again.
A.making B.to make C.don’t make D.make
6.(2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Sun Yingsha won the women’s singles final at the World Table Tennis Championships in Doha on May 25, 2025.
—______ exciting the news is!
A.What an B.What C.How an D.How
7.(2023·上海·中考真题)—________ fine day today! Why not go hiking?
—Good idea!
A.What an B.How C.What a D.What
8.(2022·江苏南京·中考真题) _______ amazing activity! I will never forget the charity show.
A.How B.What C.How an D.What an
9.(2025·江苏徐州·二模)—Tom will have a birthday party next Sunday. Do you want to go?
—If you go, ________.
A.so I will B.so will I C.neither will I D.neither I will
10.(2025·江苏常州·三模)—Would your sister go on a trip this weekend?
—If she doesn’t go, _________.
A.so do I B.so I will C.neither will I D.neither do I
二、语法填空
1.(2022·浙江绍兴·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Max Woosey is a 12-year-old boy. He has slept outside in storms, snow and heat waves, but now he’s coming indoors.
After two years of 1 (sleep) in a tent, Max, who has raised over £700,000, is about to remember what a bed 2 (feel) like. “I’m still going to be in my tent a lot,” said Max. “But now I’ve done two years. If there’s a big, 3 (danger) storm coming, I may come inside.”
Max began camping out in March 2020. At that time, 4 old neighbor of his, Rick Abbott, who was 5 (serious) ill, gave Max a tent and told him to take a risk with it. Later Max decided to camp out to raise money 6 the hospital that cared for Rick. Max didn’t think he would keep going a long time, 7 it went on and on.
Over the two years, Max has been through around 15 tents and has had camping 8 (trip) in many places. He even slept on a hotel balcony (阳台). His dad joined 9 in the tent during last month’s Storm Eunice, with Max joking that he 10 (wake) up not by the wind but by his dad’s snoring (鼾声)!
2.(2022·浙江丽水·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Lance almost ran home after school. His older brother Nathan had promised to take 11 (he) to the new skate park today. Lance was so excited 12 he got everything ready when Nathan got home. “Who’s that?” Nathan 13 (ask), pointing out the window. Lance looked out and found his friend Haley waiting 14 (quiet) in front of the mailbox. “What is she doing here?” Lance thought 15 a while and remembered that he promised Haley to work on their science project today, before Nathan’s promise. Skating with Nathan was certainly, a 16 (good) offer than working on the project. He could learn some new 17 (skill) with the help of Nathan. It would be 18 exciting experience. But if be canceled on Haley, he could imagine how disappointed she would be. Lance decided to work on the project 19 Haley and told Nathan everything. “Good for you,” his brother said. “And ask Haley if she wants 20 (go) to the skate park after you two finish the project.” Lance couldn’t believe his ears, “Really? You’d take us?” “Of course, I promised,” Nathan nodded. “And a promise is a promise.”
21 / 21
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
专题10 特殊句式(感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
目录
考点一 感叹句 4
考向一:感叹句的基本用法 4
考点二 祈使句 5
考向一:祈使句的基本用法 7
考向二:祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换 7
考点三 倒装句 8
考向一:部分倒装 9
考向二:完全倒装 10
第一部分 感叹句
主要考点
1. 识别感叹句的类型,包括由 what 和 how 引导的感叹句。
2. 掌握 what 引导的感叹句结构:What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
3. 掌握 how 引导的感叹句结构:How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
课标要求
1. 理解感叹句的意义和用法。
2. 能够在口语和书面表达中恰当地使用感叹句来表达强烈的情感。
3. 识别不同类型的感叹句,并理解其表达的情感色彩。
第二部分 祈使句
主要考点
1. 肯定祈使句的结构:动词原形开头。例如:Open the door.
2. 否定祈使句的结构:Don't + 动词原形。例如:Don't be late.
3. 以 Let's 开头的祈使句结构及回答。例如:Let's go shopping. —— OK./Good idea.
4. 祈使句的反意疑问句形式,常用 will you 或 won't you。例如:Open the window, will you?
5. 识别特殊形式的祈使句,如:No smoking! / Be quiet!
课标要求
1. 理解祈使句的功能和用法。
2. 能够在恰当的情境中使用祈使句发出指令、提出请求或给出建议。
3. 掌握祈使句的基本结构和语法特点。
第三部分 倒装句
维度
倒装句
疑问句
主要考点
1. 完全倒装:如 “Here comes the bus.”(方位副词 + 谓语 + 主语)结构;“There be” 句型也属于倒装结构。
2. 部分倒装:常见于含有否定意义的词(如 never、hardly 等)位于句首时,如 “Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.”(助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语动词)。
3. 倒装句用于强调某些成分,例如 “Only in this way can we solve the problem.”(only + 状语 + 部分倒装)
1. 一般疑问句:结构为 “助动词 / 情态动词 / Be 动词 + 主语 + 其他?”,如 “Are you a student?”,重点考查助动词、情态动词和 be 动词的正确使用。
2. 特殊疑问句:结构是 “特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句?”,例如 “What are you doing?”,主要考点是特殊疑问词的选择(what、where、when、who、why、how 等)和句子语序。
3. 选择疑问句:用 “or” 连接选项,如 “Do you like apples or bananas?”,考查对选项的回答方式。
4. 反意疑问句:结构是 “陈述句 + 简短问句?”,如 “He is a good boy, isn't he?”,重点是掌握前后句的肯否定形式搭配以及回答方式。
课标要求
1. 理解倒装句的概念和基本类型,能够识别和理解完全倒装和部分倒装的句子。
2. 能够在书面和口语表达中,根据语境适当使用倒装句来增强表达效果或强调重点。
1. 能理解和运用各种疑问句进行提问和回答。
2. 熟练掌握疑问句的语序和构成,在交流和写作中准确表达疑问、请求等意图。
命题预测:感叹句是历年中考常考的题型,通常以完型填空、语法填空的形式呈现感叹句由what或how引导,句末用感叹号,朗读时用降调。对倒装句和强调句的考查在语法填空、词汇运用、书面表达等题型中有所体现,侧重考查考生的综合运用能力。
考点一 感叹句
考向一:感叹句的基本用法
用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子,叫感叹句。感叹句由what或how引导,具体用法如下表:
类别
结构
例句
what引导
What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What a kind girl ( she is )! (她是)一个多么善良的女孩啊!
What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
What beautiful flowers ( they are)! 多么漂亮的花!
What bad weather ( it is )! 多么糟糕的天气!
how引导
How + 主语 + 谓语!
How time flies! 时间飞逝!
How + 形容词/副词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
How brave ( the hero is )!(这个英雄)真勇敢!
How slowly he walks! 他走得多慢啊!
How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
How clever ( a boy he is )! (他是)一个多么聪明的男孩啊!
【知识拓展】
如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句:
1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what;
2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等;
3.其他一般用how。
口诀助记:
感叹句要记牢,句子主谓先划掉,再来确定what/how;再在形容词后找,若有名词用what,没有名词用how。
1.________ cool weather it is!
A.What B.What an C.How
【答案】A
【解析】句意:天气多凉爽啊!考查感叹句。本句为感叹句。 cool“凉爽的”修饰名词weather,中心词为不可数名词weather,需用“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”结构,故选A。
2.________ great Chinese astronauts they are! They are the pride of our country.
A.How B.What C.How a D.What a
【答案】B
【解析】句意:多么伟大的中国宇航员啊!他们是我们国家的骄傲。考查感叹句中的感叹词。感叹句有三种常见结构:“What a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他!”,“What +形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+主语+谓语+其他!”及“How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语+其他!”。此句子的中心词为Chinese astronauts,名词复数,应该使用“What +形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+主语+谓语+其他!”结构。故选B。
3.______ beautiful lanterns people showed on the festival!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在节日上人们展示了多么漂亮的灯笼啊!考查感叹句。根据题干中的“beautiful lanterns”可知,此处强调的中心词是复数名词lanterns,符合结构:What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语。故选A。
4.Miss Li is playing the piano in the hall. ________ beautiful music it is!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
【答案】A
【解析】句意:李老师正在大厅里弹钢琴。多么美妙的音乐啊!考查感叹句。What引导中心词是复数名词或不可数名词的感叹句;What a引导中心词是单数名词的感叹句;How引导中心词是形容词或副词的感叹句;How a错误表达。music“音乐”,是不可数名词,感叹句结构是“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语”。故选A。
5.—________ important knowledge is to us!
—I agree with you.
A.What a B.What C.How a D.How
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——知识对于我们多么重要啊!——我同意你的说法。考查感叹句。根据“…important knowledge is to us!”可知,此处为感叹句,中心词为important是形容词,其结构为how+adj/adv(+主谓)。故选D。
6.________ smart the robot cleaner is! I really want to have one.
A.How B.What C.What a
【答案】A
【解析】句意:多么智能的机器人清洁器啊!我真的很想有一个。考查感叹句。感叹句的结构为“What+(adj.)+n.+主+谓”或者“How+adj./adv.+主+谓”。从题干可知,smart“智能的”是形容词,the robot cleaner“机器人清洁器”作主语,因此符合How引导的感叹句结构。故选A。
考点二 祈使句
考向一:祈使句的基本用法
祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。
1. 肯定的祈使句
①句型:动词原形+其他成分。
Be careful! 小心!
②"Do+祈使句"表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。
③please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。
Close the door, please. 请关门。
2. 否定的祈使句
①常用句型:Don’t+动词原形+其他成分。
Don’t be late for school again! 别再迟到了!
②用Never开头:Never+动词原形+其他成分。
Never leave today’s work for tomorrow! 不要把今天的工作留到明天!
3. Let引导的祈使句
以Let开头的句子也是祈使句,表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种:Let...not或Don’t...
Let us not be late. 让我们不要迟到。
Don’t let the boy play football in the street. 不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。
考向二:祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换
1. "Let’s + 动词原形 + 其他"可转换为"Shall we + 动词原形 + 其他? "。
Let’s go fishing this afternoon.
=Shall we go fishing this afternoon?
2. "祈使句 + and/or + 简单句"可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。
Use your head, and you’ll find a way.
=If you use your head, you’ll find a way.
Hurry up, or we’ll be late.
=If we don’t hurry up, we’ll be late.
类型
肯定结构及例句
否定结构及例句
Do型
动词原形+其他:Open the door.
Don’t +动词原形+其他:Don’t stand up!
Be型
Be+表语:Be quiet!
Don’t+be+表语:Don’t be late for class!
Let型
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Let’s have another try.
Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Don’t let the boy draw here.
Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他:Let’s not wait outside the gate.
Never型
——
Never+动词原形:Never leave today’s work till tomorrow.
No型
——
No+名词/动名词:No parking!
1.________ make any noise. You’re in the reading room.
A.Doesn’t B.Didn’t C.Don’t D.Did
【答案】C
【解析】句意:不要发出任何噪音。你在阅览室。考查祈使句。根据“…make any noise. You’re in the reading room.”可知,句子为祈使句否定形式,表示命令,在动词原形make前加Don’t。故选C。
2.—Mary, ________ worry about what to wear today. Your smile goes with any clothes.
—Thank you, Mom.
A.not B.don’t C.doesn’t D.isn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——玛丽,别担心今天穿什么。你的笑容和任何衣服都搭。——谢谢你,妈妈。考查祈使句的否定形式。根据“Mary,…worry about what to wear today.”并结合选项可知,此处是祈使句的否定形式,结构为don’t+动词原形。故选B。
3.Growing up is not easy, Tom. ________ calm when you’re facing serious problems in life.
A.Staying B.Stays C.Stay D.To stay
【答案】C
【解析】句意:长大不容易,汤姆。当你面临生活中的严重问题时,要保持冷静。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知,空处所在句为祈使句,以动词原形开头。故选C。
4. to protect yourselves and it’s everyone’s duty to fight against school bullying (校园霸凌).
A.To learn B.Learn C.Learning D.Learned
【答案】B
【解析】句意:学会保护你们自己,反对校园霸凌是每个人的责任。考查祈使句。根据“...to protect yourselves”可知该句是祈使句,应用动词原形开头,故选B。
5.________ action now, or you’ll never get good grades.
A.To take B.Took C.Take D.Taking
【答案】C
【解析】句意:现在就行动起来,否则你永远不会有好成绩。考查祈使句。根据题干可知,此处是“祈使句+or+陈述句”的结构,动词用原形。故选C。
6.________ reading books every day, and you will be knowledgeable and wise.
A.Keep B.To keep C.Keeping D.Kept
【答案】A
【解析】句意:坚持每天读书,你就会变得博学而有智慧。考查祈使句。分析题干可知,此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的结构,祈使句动词用原形,故选A。
7.________ “lying flat (躺平)”, and you will make your life more meaningful and colorful.
A.Refuse B.Refusing C.To refuse D.Refused
【答案】A
【解析】句意:拒绝“躺平”,你会让你的生活更有意义和丰富多彩。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知,此处考查“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,因此这里应用动词原形。故选A。
考点三 倒装句
考向一:部分倒装
倒装条件
例句
一般疑问句中,将助动词放到主语之前,构成部分倒装。
Do you like eating apples?你喜欢吃苹果吗?
特殊疑问句中,疑问词作宾语、表语或状语,需要将其置于句首,将助动词置于主语前构成部分倒装。
Where have you been these days?这些天你到哪里去了?
"only+状语/状语从句"位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
Only in this way can you improve your grade. 只有用这种方法你才能提高自己的成绩。
表示否定意义的词或短语,如little, hardly, never, in no case, seldom等,放在句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone. 几乎没有一天没有来访者。
虚拟条件句中,从句谓语部分中有were, had或should可省略if,把were,had或should提到主语前。
Should we succeed, we would be rich. 我们一旦成功就发财了。
" so... that..."句型中,"so+adj. /adv."位于句首时。
So fast did he run that we couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得如此快,以至于我们赶不上他。
表示"也(不) ……"的句式,即"so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语"形式。
I don’t like it; neither do I care it. 我不喜欢它,也不在意它。
某些含有否定含义的词位于句首时,如not only…but also,hardly…when,no…sooner…than, not…until等,主句用部分倒装。
Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
may表示祝愿时用部分倒装。
May you have a good time! 祝你玩得愉快!
【易错警示】
1.特殊疑问句中,如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,则不用倒装。
Who knows the answer to this question?谁知道这个问题的答案?
2. "so+主语+谓语"结构不用倒装。
—Jimmy is good at playing football. 吉米足球踢得很好。
—So he is. 的确。
考向二:完全倒装
倒装条件
例句
表示方位、地点、时间、次序的词,如in, out,
up, there, then, here, first等放在句首,若主
语是名词而不是代词时,句子用完全倒装
Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。
Here he comes. 他来了。
分词短语置于句首时,句子用完全倒装
Lying on the couch is an old lady. 躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。
There be句型是全倒装的一种
There are a number of teachers and students in the school. 在这所学校有很多老师和学生。
作表语的such位于句首时
Such are the most powerful voices of our times!这些就是我们时代的最强音!
【巧学助记】全部倒装并不难,需要记住这几点;位置副词there句首,表语such提句前,介词短语表地点,全部倒装谓在前。
【辨析】so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语和neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语的区别
区别
so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语
依附于肯定句,表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为"……也……"。
neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语
依附于否定句,表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为"……也不……"。
Tom watched TV last night, so did Ann.汤姆昨晚看电视了,安也看了。
Mary didn’t watch TV last night, neither did Jim.玛丽昨晚没有看电视,吉姆也没看。
【注意】若对前面所说的事实加以肯定时,应用"so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词"。此时前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。
这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物,意思是"某人(物)也(不)是这样"。这种结构中的"助动词/be动词/情态动词"在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致,而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。
Lucy is a good student, so is Lily. 露西是个好学生,莉莉也是。
1.—________ the years go by, I still remember the games we played when we were school boys.
—________. They were very interesting at that time.
A.Though; Neither do I B.As; So do I C.While; Me too D.Since; Me neither
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——随着岁月的流逝,我仍然记得我们小时候玩的游戏。——我也是。那时候它们非常有趣。
考查连词及倒装句。Though虽然;As随着;While当……时;Since自从。根据“the years go by”可知,空一处表示随着时间的流逝,用as连接;根据“They were very interesting at that time.”可知,此处表示上文的情况也适用后者,且上文为肯定句,用“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”。故选B。
2.—I will not give up my dreams though there are many difficulties.
—________.
A.So will I B.Neither will I C.Neither won’t I
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我不会放弃我的梦想,尽管有很多困难。——我也不会。考查部分倒装。根据“will not”可知,该空表示“我也不会”,用“neither+谓语(助动词/be动词/情态动词)+主语”结构,谓语是will,主语是I。故选B。
3.—I am not going swimming tomorrow afternoon. I have a lot of work to do.
—______.
A.Neither am I B.Nor I will C.So am I
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——明天下午我不打算去游泳。我有许多工作要做。——我也不去。考查倒装句。“neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”意为“也不”,“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”意为“也”,这两种倒装句用于说明上文描述的情况同样也适用于下文的人或物;“nor+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”意为“的确不是”。根据“I am not going swimming tomorrow afternoon.”可知,这是否定句,结合选项可知,答语应意为“我也不去”,应用neither am I。故选A。
4.—Only in this way ________ our task in such a short time.
—Yes. Let’s try our best to do it well.
A.we can finish B.we can be finished
C.can we finish D.can we be finished
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——只有这样我们才能在这么短的时间内完成任务。 ——是的。让我们尽力做好它。考查倒装句。only修饰的状语位于句首,句子要部分倒装。we和our task之间是主动关系。故选C。
5.—Would you like to go shopping with me, Bob?
—If Jack doesn’t go, ________.
A.neither will I B.so will I C.neither do I D.so do I
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——鲍勃,你愿意和我一起去购物吗?——如果杰克不去,我也将不去。考查倒装句。根据“If Jack doesn’t go”可知,if引导的条件句,从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,排除CD选项;根据“If Jack doesn’t go”为否定句,可知应用neither引导的倒装句,结构为neither+助动词will+主语。故选A。
一、单项选择
1.(2025·天津·中考真题)It’s raining outside. Take an umbrella, ________ you will get wet.
A.and B.or C.so D.but
【答案】B
【详解】句意:外面正在下雨。带把伞,否则你会淋湿。
考查连词辨析。and和;or否则,或者;so所以;but但是。根据“Take an umbrella...you will get wet.”可知,前半句是建议带伞,后半句是未带伞的后果,即会淋湿,故此处需用表示“否则”的连词连接。故选B。
2.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)________ a self-driving car where you want to go, and it will take you there.
A.Tell B.Tells C.Told D.To tell
【答案】A
【详解】句意:告诉自动驾驶汽车你想去哪里,它就会带你去到那儿。
考查祈使句。根据“...a self-driving car where you want to go, and it will take you there.”可知,此处是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的结构,空处用动词原形。故选A。
3.(2023·上海·中考真题)Let’s hurry up, ________ we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety.
A.or B.so C.and D.but
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们要赶紧了,不然我们参加关于消防安全的演讲就要迟到了。
考查从属连词辨析。or否则,不然;so因此;and并且;but但是。根据“Let’s hurry up”和“we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety”可知,要赶紧,不然就会迟到,用or连接。故选A。
4.(2024·四川成都·中考真题)Go bird-watching in Qinglong Lake, ________ you will find it fun and meaningful.
A.and B.or C.but
【答案】A
【详解】句意:去青龙湖观鸟,你会发现它的乐趣和意义。
考查连词辨析。and和;or或者;but但是。分析句子可知,此处是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句式。去观鸟,会发现乐趣和意义,前后意思表示一致,应用and连接。故选A。
5.(2025·四川广元·中考真题)—Mike, ________ such a loud noise in the room. Your sister is sleeping.
—OK, Dad. I won’t do that again.
A.making B.to make C.don’t make D.make
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——迈克,别在房间里弄出这么大的声音。你妹妹在睡觉。——好的,爸爸。我不会再那样做了。
考查祈使句的否定形式。根据“Your sister is sleeping.”可知妹妹在睡觉,所以不要弄出这么大的声音,故此处用祈使句的否定形式:Don’t+动词原形。故选C。
6.(2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Sun Yingsha won the women’s singles final at the World Table Tennis Championships in Doha on May 25, 2025.
—______ exciting the news is!
A.What an B.What C.How an D.How
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——孙颖莎在2025年5月25日多哈世界乒乓球锦标赛中赢得了女单决赛。——这消息多么令人激动啊!
考查感叹句。分析句子可知,句中“exciting”是形容词,后面没有名词,符合“How+形容词+主语+谓语”的结构,因此用“How”引导,故选D。
7.(2023·上海·中考真题)—________ fine day today! Why not go hiking?
—Good idea!
A.What an B.How C.What a D.What
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——今天天气真好!为什么不去徒步旅行呢?——好主意!
考查感叹句。根据“…fine day today!”可知,中心词是day,为可数名词,此句应用what引导感叹句,其结构为“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”。故选C。
8.(2022·江苏南京·中考真题) _______ amazing activity! I will never forget the charity show.
A.How B.What C.How an D.What an
【答案】D
【详解】句意:多么令人惊叹的活动啊!我永远不会忘记这个慈善演出。
考查感叹句。本句中心词“activity”是名词,用what引导感叹句,可排除AC选项;符合what an +adj.+n.结构,amazing是元音音素开头的单词,冠词用an。故选D。
9.(2025·江苏徐州·二模)—Tom will have a birthday party next Sunday. Do you want to go?
—If you go, ________.
A.so I will B.so will I C.neither will I D.neither I will
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——汤姆下星期天将有一个生日聚会。你想去吗?——如果你去,我也去。
考查部分倒装。当回应一个肯定陈述并表示同样的动作时,英语用“so+助动词+主语”结构。故选B。
10.(2025·江苏常州·三模)—Would your sister go on a trip this weekend?
—If she doesn’t go, _________.
A.so do I B.so I will C.neither will I D.neither do I
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你姐姐这个周末会去旅行吗?——如果她不去,我也不会去。
考查条件状语从句的主将从现和部分倒装。根据“If she doesn’t go...”可知,if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,此处主句用一般将来时,排除选项A和D;该句表达“我也不去”,neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语,意为“某人也不”。故选C。
二、语法填空
1.(2022·浙江绍兴·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Max Woosey is a 12-year-old boy. He has slept outside in storms, snow and heat waves, but now he’s coming indoors.
After two years of 1 (sleep) in a tent, Max, who has raised over £700,000, is about to remember what a bed 2 (feel) like. “I’m still going to be in my tent a lot,” said Max. “But now I’ve done two years. If there’s a big, 3 (danger) storm coming, I may come inside.”
Max began camping out in March 2020. At that time, 4 old neighbor of his, Rick Abbott, who was 5 (serious) ill, gave Max a tent and told him to take a risk with it. Later Max decided to camp out to raise money 6 the hospital that cared for Rick. Max didn’t think he would keep going a long time, 7 it went on and on.
Over the two years, Max has been through around 15 tents and has had camping 8 (trip) in many places. He even slept on a hotel balcony (阳台). His dad joined 9 in the tent during last month’s Storm Eunice, with Max joking that he 10 (wake) up not by the wind but by his dad’s snoring (鼾声)!
【答案】
1.sleeping 2.feels 3.dangerous 4.an 5.seriously 6.for 7.but 8.trips 9.him 10.was woken/was waked
【导语】本文主要介绍了Max Woosey在过去的两年里在外面野营,为医院筹集了很多钱。
1.句意:在帐篷里睡了两年之后,筹集了超过700,000英镑的Max即将回想起床的感觉。sleep“睡觉”,动词,介词of后加动名词。故填sleeping。
2.句意:在帐篷里睡了两年之后,筹集了超过700,000英镑的Max即将回想起床的感觉。描述一般情况,用一般现在时,主语“a bed”是第三人称单数,谓语动词feel使用第三人称单数形式。故填feels。
3.句意:如果有一场大而危险的风暴来临,我可能会进去。修饰名词storm用形容词dangerous“危险的”。故填dangerous。
4.句意:当时,他的一位病重的老邻居里Rick Abbott给了Max一个帐篷,并告诉他要冒险。此处泛指“一个邻居”,old以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故填an。
5.句意:当时,他的一位病重的老邻居里Rick Abbott给了Max一个帐篷,并告诉他要冒险。此处修饰形容词ill用副词seriously“严重地”。故填seriously。
6.句意:后来Max决定露营,为照顾Rick的医院筹款。根据“raise money...the hospital”可知是为医院筹钱,用介词for“为了”。故填for。
7.句意:Max认为他不会坚持很长时间,但它一直在继续。根据“Max didn’t think he would keep going a long time...it went on and on.”可知前后两句是转折关系, 用but连接。故填but。
8.句意:两年来,Max已经用过了大约15个帐篷,并在许多地方进行了露营旅行。trip“旅行”,可数名词,且不止一次旅行,用名词复数。故填trips。
9.句意:在上个月的Eunice风暴期间,他的父亲和他一起在帐篷里,Max开玩笑说他不是被风吵醒,而是被他父亲的鼾声吵醒!根据“His dad joined...”可知他父亲加入了他,谓语之后加代词宾格him“他”作宾语。故填him。
10.句意:在上个月的Eunice风暴期间,他的父亲和他一起在帐篷里,Max开玩笑说他不是被风吵醒,而是被他父亲的鼾声吵醒!wake“叫醒”,主语“he”和谓语之间是被动关系,且描述过去的动作,用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done,主语是he,be动词用was,wake的过去分词为woken/waked。故填was woken/waked。
2.(2022·浙江丽水·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Lance almost ran home after school. His older brother Nathan had promised to take 11 (he) to the new skate park today. Lance was so excited 12 he got everything ready when Nathan got home. “Who’s that?” Nathan 13 (ask), pointing out the window. Lance looked out and found his friend Haley waiting 14 (quiet) in front of the mailbox. “What is she doing here?” Lance thought 15 a while and remembered that he promised Haley to work on their science project today, before Nathan’s promise. Skating with Nathan was certainly, a 16 (good) offer than working on the project. He could learn some new 17 (skill) with the help of Nathan. It would be 18 exciting experience. But if be canceled on Haley, he could imagine how disappointed she would be. Lance decided to work on the project 19 Haley and told Nathan everything. “Good for you,” his brother said. “And ask Haley if she wants 20 (go) to the skate park after you two finish the project.” Lance couldn’t believe his ears, “Really? You’d take us?” “Of course, I promised,” Nathan nodded. “And a promise is a promise.”
【答案】
11.him 12.that 13.asked 14.quietly 15.for 16.better 17.skills 18.an 19.with 20.to go
【导语】本文主要讲述了兰斯忘记了之前答应朋友海莉一起去做科学项目,想着要和哥哥一起去滑冰,后来经过内心的挣扎,决定不要违背诺言,放弃了和哥哥去滑冰的打算,哥哥知道了事情的缘由表扬兰斯是一个信守承诺的人,并邀请兰斯和朋友在完成项目后一起来公园滑冰。
11.句意:他的哥哥内森答应今天带他去新的滑冰公园。动词take后接人称代词宾格,故填him。
12.句意:内森回家时,兰斯非常兴奋,他把一切都准备好了。so…that表示“如此……以至于”,引导结果状语从句,故填that。
13.句意:内森指着窗户问道。此空的前一句和后一句都是一般过去时,故此句也用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故填asked。
14.句意:兰斯向外望去,发现他的朋友海莉正静静地等在邮箱前。此空修饰动词waiting,应用副词,quiet的副词是quietly“安静地”,故填quietly。
15.句意:兰斯想了想,想起他答应海莉今天去做他们的科学项目,比内森答应的要早。think for a while“想了一会”,固定搭配,故填for。
16.句意:和内森一起滑冰当然比做科学项目更好。此空修饰名词offer,且根据“than”可知,此空应填比较级,故填better。
17.句意:他可以在内森的帮助下学习一些新技能。skill“技能”,可数名词,some修饰可数名词的复数形式,故填skills。
18.句意:那将会是令人兴奋的经历。此处表示“一段令人兴奋的经历”,表泛指,且exciting是以元音音素开头的,故填an。
19.句意:兰斯决定和海莉一起做这个项目并把一切都告诉了内森。根据“Lance decided to work on the project … Haley”可知,与海莉一起做这个项目,with“与……一起”,故填with。
20.句意:你们俩完成项目后问问海莉要不要去滑冰公园。want to do sth“想要做某事”,动词不定式作宾语,故填to go。
21 / 21
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$