专题07 非谓语动词、主谓一致（复习讲义）（北京专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题07 非谓语动词、主谓一致（复习讲义）（北京专用） 非谓语动词 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 动词不定式 考点二 动词的ing形式 考点三 动词的ed形式 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1．从命题形式上看，主要出现在完形填空题中。 2．从命题内容上看，主要考查非谓语动词形式（1.动词不定式2.动词的ing形式3.动词的ed形式 ） 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 完形填空 第14小题 第15、19、20小题 第18小题 命题预测 主要有以下命题角度：非谓语动词形式（1.动词不定式2.动词的ing形式3.动词的ed形式 ） 主要在完形填空题中考查。 考点一 动词不定式 1．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：基蒂这个星期六下午要去英语角练习英语。 考查非谓语动词。to practise练习，动词不定式形式；practising练习，现在分词或动名词形式；practised练习，过去式或过去分词形式；practise练习，动词原形。根据句子结构可知，空处应是动词不定式作目的状语，表示去英语角的目的是练习英语。故选A。 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to，其否定式为“not to+动词原形”。具体用法见下表。 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作主语 放句首，谓语动词用单数 To see is to believe.（to believe作表语） 通常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即不定式则被后置： It+is+adj.（+for/of sb.）+to do sth. It takes sb.+一段时间+to do sth.（做某事花费某人多少时间。） It is important for us to work hard in order to have a better life. It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 作宾语 一些动词后常用不定式：afford/agree/want/hope/decide/wish/ learn/expect/fail/plan/promise/refuse/ wait/...+to do sth. They can't afford to buy a house. He decided to visit the family on Saturday evening. 有些动词后接动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语即不定式后置：find/think+it+adj.+ to do sth. I found it difficult to find a job in the city. 动词不定式可以和疑问词连用作宾语： what/which/when/where/how+to do Nobody told us what to do next. We don't know where to go. 作状语 位于表示情绪、状态等的形容词后：be+adj.+to do sth. I am proud to stand with you. 表目的：to do/in order to do... A friend came to see me last night. To learn English well, you must study hard. 表结果：too+adj.+to do sth. （太……而不能做某事） adj./adv.+enough+to do sth.（足够……可以做某事） He is too young to go to school. He is old enough to go to school. 作宾语补足语 位于宾语之后，对宾语作补充说明： advise/allow/ask/encourage/force/ invite/order/require/want/warn/teach/...（变被动后依然接to do）+sb.+to do sth. She encouraged me to write. My mom advises me to do my homework first. All the students were asked to complete a questionnaire（问卷）. 作定语 动词不定式作定语时要后置： something/anything/nothing/物/人+ to do I have some clothes to wash. I want something to eat. He has no place to live. 一些省略to的不定式的常用搭配/句型 make/let/have sb. do sth.使/让某人做某事 help sb. （to） do sth.帮助某人做某事 had better do sth.最好做某事 Why not do sth.？ 为什么不做某事？（提建议） would rather do sth.宁愿做某事 1．（2026·上海浦东新·一模）The school requires the seventh graders ________ a safety training course. A．complete B．to complete C．completing D．completed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学校要求七年级学生完成一门安全培训课程。 考查非谓语动词。complete动词，完成。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词“require”后接宾语补足语时，应用动词不定式结构，即“require sb. to do sth.”，意为“要求某人做某事”。故选B。 2．（2026·上海青浦·一模）The doctor advised the young man ________ eating unhealthy food in his daily life. A．stop B．to stop C．stopping D．stopped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：医生建议这位年轻人在日常生活中停止食用不健康的食物。 考查非谓语动词。advise sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“建议某人做某事”，因此空格处应填动词不定式to stop。故选B。 考点二 动词的-ing形式 1．（2023·上海·中考真题）The family are busy ________ their living room for the coming Spring Festival. A．decorating B．to decorate C．decorate D．decorated 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这家人正忙着为即将到来的春节装饰他们的客厅。 考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”，所以用动词ing形式，故选A。 动词的-ing形式为动词原形后加-ing构成（动词的-ing形式的构成见P26）；其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。动词的-ing形式可以和be动词一起构成进行时，还可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，详见下表。 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作主语 放句首，谓语动词用单数 Swimming is good for health. 作宾语 一些动词 （enjoy/practice/finish/mind/miss/keep/suggest/imagine/consider/avoid/...）后接动词的-ing形式 He practices speaking English every day. When playing in the hallways, students should avoid pushing each other. 介词（of/to（to为介词时，后面接动词的-ing形式， 如be used to/ look forward to+doing...）/for/after/by/about/...）后接动词的-ing形式 He helped me realize that travel is about learning cultures. 作表语 It was exciting to listen to the story of his adventures. 作定语 They found another hiding place.（前置定语） a highway leading into the mountains通往山区的公路（后置定语） 作状语 She was in the kitchen preparing supper. 作宾语补足语 I can't imagine Grandma riding a motorbike. 动词的-ing形式的固定搭配 see/hear+宾语+doing sth.看到/听到某人正在做某事 keep/leave+宾语+doing sth.使……一直（保持某状态） spend+时间+（in） doing sth.花费时间做某事/spend+金钱+doing sth.花费金钱做某事 have difficulty （in） doing sth.在做某事上有困难 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 sth. be worth doing某事值得做 end up doing sth.最后处于…… 1．（2026·上海长宁·一模）The suspect denied ________ the vase, but the cameras clearly showed his actions. A．to steal B．stole C．stealing D．steal 【答案】C 【详解】句意：嫌疑人否认偷了花瓶，但监控清楚地显示了他的行为。 考查非谓语动词。deny doing sth.“否认做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选C。 2．（2026·上海青浦·一模）Our school is considering ________ a fun fair to welcome the new year. A．holding B．to hold C．held D．hold 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校正在考虑举办一场游园会来迎接新年。 考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，应用动名词作宾语，故选A。 3．（2026·上海黄浦·一模）Pelé spent his early years ________ soccer barefoot with a ball made of socks. A．play B．to play C．playing D．to playing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：贝利早年光着脚踢足球，用的是袜子做的球。 考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”，此处需用动名词playing。故选C。 4．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）The couple were seen ________ a walk outside at this time yesterday . Nobody knows when they came back. A．take B．taken C．took D．taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，有人看见这对夫妇正在外面散步。没人知道他们何时回来的。 考查非谓语动词。根据“...a walk outside at this time yesterday”可知，此处强调他们被看见时正在散步，see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，固定词组，因此需用动词的现在分词。故选D。 5．（2025·云南·模拟预测）The Chang’e-6 probe successfully collected samples from the far side of the moon, ________ a new record in lunar exploration. A．set B．setting C．sets D．to set 【答案】B 【详解】句意：嫦娥六号探测器成功从月球背面采集样本，创造了月球探索的新纪录。 考查非谓语动词。set创造，原形；setting创造，现在分词；sets创造，三单；to set创造，不定式。此处需用现在分词作伴随状语，表示“成功收集样本”的结果是“创造了新纪录”。用setting符合。故选B。 考点三 动词的-ed形式 （2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages ______ in the world? —Sorry, I have no idea. A．speaking B．spoken C．speak D．spoke 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道世界上有3000多种语言吗？——抱歉，我不知道。 考查非谓语动词。languages与动词speak之间是被动关系，故此空应填过去分词作定语，故选B。 动词的-ed形式也叫过去分词（过去分词的构成见P26），它除了可以与be动词一起构成被动语态，与have/has一起构成现在完成时，还可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。详见下表。 功能 示例 作表语 He is not interested in research. 作定语 She had a pleased look on her face. 作宾语补足语 We all wished the problem settled.（希望问题被解决） 作状语 Mr. Brown, deeply moved, thanked him again and again.（深深地被感动） 既可接动词的-ing形式又可接to do的动词 有些动词既能接动词的-ing形式作宾语，又能接不定式作宾语，含义相近或不同。 1.含义相同或相近： begin to do sth.=begin doing sth.开始做某事 start to do sth.=start doing sth.开始做某事 continue to do sth.=continue doing sth.继续做某事 like to do sth.=like doing sth.喜欢做某事 love to do sth.=love doing sth.热爱做某事 hate to do sth.=hate doing sth.讨厌做某事 2.含义不同： 动词 区别 示例 remember remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做） I forgot to say thank you.（没说谢谢） I forgot saying that. （说过，但不记得了） Those flowers look nice. Let's stop to buy flowers.（停下去买花） We have so many flowers at home. Please stop buying flowers.（停止买花） remember doing sth.记得做过某事（做过） forget forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做） forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（做过） stop stop to do sth.停下去做某事（某个动作的开始） stop doing sth.停下正在做的事（某个动作的终结） 1．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）My computer doesn’t work, so I want to have it ________. A．repaired B．repairing C．to repair D．repair 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的电脑坏了。因此我要把它修一修。 考查动词形式。repaired修理，过去式；repairing动名词；to repair不定式；repair动词原形。have sth. done表示“使某事被做”的意思。其中done是过去分词，repaired是repair的过去分词。故选A。 2．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）The book ________ by Han Han is very popular among teenagers. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 【答案】D 【详解】句意：韩寒写的这本书在青少年中非常受欢迎。 考查动词非谓语。write写，动词原形；wrote过去式；writing现在分词；written过去分词。句子结构为“The book...by Han Han is…”，此处需填入一个非谓语动词形式，the book与write之间的关系是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语修饰the book，write的过去分词written。故选D。 一．单项选择 1．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________ eyes healthy, we students should spend less time on screens. A．To keep B．Keep C．Kept D．Keeping 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了保持眼睛健康，我们学生应该少花时间在屏幕前。 考查非谓语动词。根据“...eyes healthy”可知，学生少花时间在屏幕前是为了保持眼睛健康，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了保持眼睛健康”。故选A。 2．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）An old man ________ on the side of the road was found ________, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately. A．lies; dies B．lay; died C．lain; dead D．lying; dying 【答案】D 【详解】句意：一个躺在路边的老人被发现奄奄一息，他被巴士司机和乘客立即送往医院。 考查词义辨析。lies说谎，躺；lay躺（过去式）或放置（动词原形）；lain躺（过去分词）；lying躺（现在分词）或说谎（现在分词）。第一空表示“正躺在路边的老人”，用现在分词作定语。dies死亡，动词三单；died死亡，动词过去式；dead死亡的，形容词；dying垂死的，形容词。根据“he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.”可知，还有生命体征，处于垂死边缘，第二空应填形容词dying，故选D。 3．（2022·甘肃天水·中考真题）It took us one week ________ this article ________ by Mo Yan. A．read, written B．to read, written C．reading, to write D．to read, to write 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们花费了一个星期的时间来阅读这个由莫言创作的作品。 考查非谓语动词。固定用法：It takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“某人花费一些时间做某事”。故第一个空格用不定式to read作真正的主语，句中it是形式主语；第二个空格用过去分词written作定语，修饰名词article，表示被动。故选B。 4．（2026·上海金山·一模）Students are required ________ their hands before speaking in the discussion. A．raise B．raised C．raising D．to raise 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在讨论中发言前，学生们被要求举手。 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配“be required to do sth.”，意为是“被要求做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作主语补足语。故选D。 5．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）This novel ________ by Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in 2012. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 【答案】D 【详解】句意：莫言的这部小说在2012年获得了诺贝尔文学奖。 考查过去分词。句中有谓语动词，且this novel和动词write之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词written作定语。故选D。 6．（2025·天津·模拟预测）My mother always asks me ________ the habit of doing homework as soon as I get home. A．develop B．developing C．develops D．to develop 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妈妈总是要求我一到家就养成做作业的习惯。 考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”，因此空格处应填to develop。故选D。 7．（2026·上海杨浦·一模）The school expects students ________ well during exams. A．behave B．behaved C．behaving D．to behave 【答案】D 【详解】句意：学校期望学生们在考试期间表现良好。 考查非谓语动词。expect sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“期望某人做某事”，其中expect是动词原形，sb是expect的宾语，to do sth是宾语补足语，所以此处应用动词不定式to behave。故选D。 8．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—Would you like to watch a basketball game tonight at the sports center? —I’d like to, but my parents don’t allow me ________ late. A．stay out B．stayed out C．staying out D．to stay out 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——今晚你想去体育中心看篮球比赛吗？——我想去，但是我父母不允许我在外面待到很晚。 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，其中动词不定式to do作宾语补足语。所以此处应该用to stay out。故选D。 9．（25-26九年级上·云南·月考）He avoided __________ mistakes by practicing it over and over again. A．made B．making C．to make D．makes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他通过反复练习来避免犯错。 考查非谓语动词。made过去式或过去分词；making动名词或现在分词；to make不定式；makes第三人称单数形式。根据“He avoided...mistakes by practicing it over and over again.”可知，“avoid doing sth.”是固定用法，表示“避免做某事”，所以此处要用“make”的动名词形式“making”来作“avoided”的宾语。故选B。 10．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）—So far, Hi Mom is one of the most ________ films I’ve ever seen. —That’s true, It is well worth ________ again. A．move; see B．moved; to see C．moving; seeing D．moved; seeing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——到目前为止，《你好，李焕英》是我看过的最感人的电影之一。——真的，很值得再看一遍。 考查形容词辨析和非谓语动词。move感动，动词；moved感动的，修饰人；moving令人感动的，修饰物。根据“So far, Hi Mom is one of the most…films I’ve ever seen.”可知，此处修饰的是电影，应该用moving修饰；be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”，形容词短语，第二个空填seeing。故选C。 11．（2025·云南昆明·三模）The heavy rain prevented us from ________ the outdoor activities as planned, so we had to stay in the classroom. A．organize B．to organize C．organizes D．organizing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这场大雨阻止了我们按计划组织户外活动，所以我们不得不待在教室里。   考查非谓语动词。organize组织，动词原形；to organize不定式；organizes三单形式；organizing动名词/现在分词。根据“The heavy rain prevented us from”可知，“prevent sb. from doing sth.”是一个固定短语，意思是“阻止某人做某事”，其中“from”是介词，后面需要接动词的-ing形式。故选D。 12．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）The river ______ through Huai’an is called the Grand Canal (大运河). A．flows B．flowed C．flowing D．to flow 【答案】C 【详解】句意：流经淮安的河流被称为大运河。 考查非谓语动词。flows流，第三人称单数形式；flowed流，过去式或过去分词形式；flowing流，现在分词形式；to flow流，动词不定式形式。分析句子结构和选项可知，应填现在分词形式flowing，作定语，修饰前面的名词river，表示流经淮安的河流，相当于定语从句which flows...。故选C。 13．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）When I opened my eyes, I saw Melissa ________ at the end of my bed. A．stand B．standing C．to stand D．stood 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我睁开眼睛时，我看到Melissa站在我的床尾。 考查非谓语动词。根据“When I opened my eyes”可知，此处表示睁眼时正看到的事情，用see sb doing sth“看见某人正做某事”。故选B。 14．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Kunqu ________ in Jiangsu Province is one of China’s oldest forms of opera and known for its pleasant singing. A．create B．created C．creating D．to create 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昆曲创作于江苏省，是中国最古老的戏曲形式之一，以其悦耳的歌声而闻名。 考查非谓语。此句谓语是is，空白处应该填create的非谓语动词形式作后置定语，Kunqu与create是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故选B。 15．（2025·天津河东·一模）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different places and countries. A．is made; send B．is made; is sent C．made; send D．made; is sent 【答案】D 【详解】句意：中国产的茶叶每年被运往许多不同的地方和国家。 考查非谓语动词和被动语态。is made被生产、被制造；made生产、制造；send发送；is sent被发送。分析句子结构和选项可知，第一空用过去分词made，作定语，修饰名词tea，made in“在……生产或制造”。主语the tea与动词send之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以第二空用is sent。故选D。 16．（2025·甘肃平凉·一模）Yesterday I broke my favourite watch, and now I have to get it ________ . A．repaired B．repairing C．repair D．to repair 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨天我把心爱的手表弄坏了，现在得去把它修好。 考查非谓语动词。repaired修理，过去式或过去分词；repairing动名词或现在分词；repair原形；to repair不定式。get sth done意为“使某物被……”，此处应用过去分词作宾语补足语，故选A。 二．用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1．She walked for a long time, and stopped （have） a rest under a tree. [答案]to have 2．It seemed that they decided （do）something without her. [答案]to do 3．Instead of （climb） Mount Impossible every day, you played on the smaller hills and became better at climbing. [答案]climbing 4．Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how （be） better drivers. [答案]to be 5．I understand that （do） housework is more difficult than I used to imagine. [答案]doing 6． At the same time, relics protection organizations and tourism organizations should work together （make） this economic model better. [答案]to make 7．He burned your farm down to make you （sell） it. [答案]sell 8．After some time, Haojia was pleased （find） that the moon was in the bucket. [答案]to find 9．How can I become a better person? This question has been in my head for long. As students, we spend most of our time （study）. [答案]studying 10．Let me （tell） you about my favorite book. [答案]tell 11．You're expected （shake） hands when meeting people for the first time in China. [答案]to shake 12．On the bus ride home, Ann avoided （sit） next to Lily on purpose. [答案]sitting 13．They have even asked governments （develop） laws to stop the sale of shark fins. [答案]to develop 14．Don't give up （try）. I'm sure you will succeed. [答案]trying 三．用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 Hi Tina, Thank you for 1. （send） me the signature（签名） poster of my favourite band. It's a pity that I couldn't see their live performance, but my mum took me to see another amazing concert. She said it wasn't easy 2. （get） the tickets because everyone wanted 3. （see） this show. The singing was awesome! I would like 4. （be） a singer in a band but I'm not very good at 5. （sing）. Now we're thinking of 6. （go） to see The Lion King in May. Shall we get you a ticket? I hope 7. （hear） from you soon. Cassie [答案]1．sending2．to get3．to see4．to be5．singing6．going7．to hear 主谓一致 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 语法一致原则 考点二 意义一致原则 考点三 就近一致原则 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 英语的主谓一致主要有三种：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。在这几年北京市英语中考试题中，直接考查主谓一致的并不多，但在阅读理解所涉及的句子考查面比较广，因此仍然应该引起学生重视。 考点一 语法一致原则——主语、谓语在语法形式上保持一致 主语 谓语形式 示例 不可数名词、可数名词单数、第三人称单数代词he/she/it 单数形式 The boy was interested in English. He doesn't think it is a good idea. 动词不定式、动词的-ing形式 单数形式 Reading is learning. one/each/each one/...或one/every one/each one/each+of+复数名词/复数代词 单数形式 Each one has a gift. Each of the answers is worth 20 points. 复合不定代词anyone/somebody/everything/nobody等 单数形式 Is everything all right? none/neither of+复数名词或复数代词 单数/复数形式 None of us has/have been to Beijing. 复数名词、复数代词 复数形式 These apples are Mike's. and或both...and...连接的并列主语 复数形式 Tom and Mike are good friends. Both Lucy and Lily are students. 1.“A+with/along with/together with/as well as+B”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数由前面的A的单复数形式决定。如:Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing. 2.shoes, clothes, trousers, scissors, glasses, shorts, jeans, chopsticks, gloves等作主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式。但如果这些名词被a pair/kind of 修饰时，谓语动词需用单数形式。 1．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend? —Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary. A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这周末去爬东华山怎么样？——听起来不错。那么一双舒适的运动鞋是必要的。 考查主谓一致和时态。根据“How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend”可知，此处需要用一般现在时表客观事实，排除BD；题干中“a pair of comfortable sports shoes”是单数主语（核心词是pair），需用单数谓语动词is。故选A。 2．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）The number of students in this school ________ five hundred, and about ________ of them like creative English homework. A．is; three fifth B．is; three fifths C．are; three fifth D．are; three fifths 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这所学校有五百名学生，大约五分之三的学生喜欢创造性英语作业。 考查主谓一致和分数表达。The number of表示“……的数量”，后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数，排除CD；分数表达为：基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式，因此“五分之三”为“ three fifths”。故选B。 考点二 意义一致原则——主语、谓语在意义上保持一致关系 类别 谓语形式 示例 表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或词组作主语时，一般看作一个整体 单数形式 Three years is a long time. 集体名词作主语时，如family、team、class、group等 表示整体概念 单数形式 His family is going to move.（强调一个家庭） 表示各个成员 复数形式 His family are all eating.（强调家人） police、people等作主语时 复数形式 The police are helping a girl look for her mother. 1.all、any、enough、half、more、most、some作主语或修饰主语时，若主语表示复数意义，则谓语用复数形式；若主语表示单数意义或是不可数名词，则谓语用单数形式。如： All of the apples are rotten.（所有的苹果都腐烂了。） All of the apple is rotten.（整个苹果都腐烂了。） 2.主语为“分数/百分数+of+名词”时，其后的谓语形式取决于of后的名词的单复数。如： About 60% of the students in our school are boys. About 60% of the work is done. 1．（2021·辽宁营口·中考真题）One thousand kilometers ________ quite a long way to the ancients,but now we can complete the journey in about one hour by air. A．was B．had C．were D．have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一千公里对古代人是相当长的一段路，但是现在我们坐飞机可以在大约一个小时内完成这段旅程。 考查动词和主谓一致。was是；had有；were是；have有。结合句意，此处表示古代一千公里是相当长的一段路，表示判断，排除BD两项，主语one thousand kilometers，表示距离，作主语，看成一个整体，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故选A。 2．（2021·四川广元·中考真题）I plan to travel to America next month, and I think 2000 dollars ________ enough. A．was B．are C．is D．were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我计划下个月去美国旅行，我认为2000美元足够了。 考查主谓一致及动词时态。根据“I plan to travel to America next month”可知，此空所在句子应用一般现在时，排除A和D选项。金钱作主语时，be动词用单数形式，故选C。 考点三 就近一致原则——谓语的单复数取决于离谓语最近的主语的单复数形式 类别 谓语形式 示例 There be句型中 be动词常与离它近的主语在数上保持一致 There is a table and three chairs in Tom's room. either...or... neither...nor... not only...but （also）... not...but... 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与离它较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致 Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle. 1．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）There ________ different opinions on smart technology. What do you think about it? A．is B．are C．have D．has 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对智能技术有不同的看法。你觉得怎么样？ 考查there be结构。此处是there be结构，表示“有”，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选B。 2．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger. A．is; is B．are; is C．is; are D．are; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在我们学校的图书馆里，有许多关于艺术的书。 书的数量还在越来越多。 考查主谓一致。根据“a number of books”可知，表复数概念，故第一空填are。the number of表示“……的数量”，修饰主语，be动词用is，故选B。 一．单句填空 1．Although our （餐） look better, large amounts of sugar are often added. [答案]meals 2．Chinese Language Day （fall） on April 20th every year. [答案]falls 3．Xinzhou ancient city in Shanxi, with a history of more than 1,800 years, （have） over 500 stores and restaurants. [答案]has 4．A recent study shows that letter writing （make） the writer happy. [答案]makes 5．Neither Lily nor her parents （be） outdoors when the rainstorm came. [答案]were 6．This is my good friend, Lucy. Not only she but also I （be） good at recycling. We often make some toys out of waste. [答案]am 7．Reading novels （be） her favorite way to relax. [答案]is 8．There a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it. [答案]is 9．The centre of hurricane（飓风） winds is called the eye. Winds in the eye （be） not very strong. [答案]are 10．There _ _ _ _ （be） some good advice and ways about how to use the Internet correctly and wisely. [答案]is 11．Each of them （receive） a gift from the school every year. [答案]receives 12．Three years （be） a short time in one's life. [答案]is 13．Either you or he （be） responsible for the mistake. [答案]is 14．Once a term, there （be） a parents’ meeting in our school. [答案]is 15．Using public chopsticks （be） necessary when eating with others. [答案]is 16．There （be） some milk and several apples in the fridge. [答案]is 17．Not only Peter but also his father （be） crazy about the basketball match. [答案]is 18．Three fifths of the teachers in our school （be） women. [答案]are 19．Fresh water （be） more important than anything else. [答案]is 20． （visitor） from all over the country come here to show their respect. [答案]Visitors 21．While everyone （be） laughing about the comic book, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny. [答案]was 二．单项选择 1．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）A survey of the opinions of experts__________ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week __________good for our health. A．show; are B．shows; is C．show; is D．shows; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一项专家意见的调查显示，每周3小时的户外运动对我们的健康有好处。 考查主谓一致。本句为一般现在时，主句主语A survey of the opinions of experts“一项专家意见的调查”为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式shows；从句主语three hours of outdoor exercise a week“每周3小时的户外运动”为用时间表示的一个整体概念，故应用be动词is。故选B。 2．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）There ________ some flowers in my room. I often water them. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意： 我的房间里有一些花，我经常给它们浇水。 考查There be句型。根据“some flowers”可知，主语为复数形式，因此be动词应用复数形式；又根据“I often water them.”可知，句子描述的是现在的状态，时态为一般现在时，应用are。故选B。 3．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）Look! There ________ a notebook and three keys on the desk. A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看！桌子上有一个笔记本和三把钥匙。 考查there be和时态。根据“Look!”可知，句子是一般现在时；there be遵循就近原则，离be动词最近的主语是a notebook，应用is。故选A。 4．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Using public chopsticks ______ necessary when eating with others. —That’s right. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——与他人一起吃饭时，使用公用筷子是必要的。——确实如此。 考查主谓一致以及动词时态。此处阐述的是使用公筷的必要性，句子用一般现在时，动名词作主语，be动词用is，故选A。 5．（2022·天津·中考真题）A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year. A．protect B．is protected C．are protected D．protected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年都有很多鸟类在自然公园受到保护。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“A lot of birds”和谓语protect“保护”之间是被动关系，根据“every year”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”，主语是复数，be动词用are。故选C。 6．（2021·四川绵阳·中考真题） For kids of this age, two hours of sitting in a classroom ________ too long. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：对于这个年龄的孩子来说，坐在教室两个小时太长了。 考查be动词。根据句意这里叙述的是客观的真实情况，应该用一般现在时。two hours of sitting in a classroom表示一段时间，用作主语时，谓语动词该用第三人称单数形式。故选A。 7．（2024·四川宜宾·中考真题）Look! The police ______ the food onto the bank of the river. A．am carrying B．is carrying C．are carrying D．are carried 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看！这些警察正扛着食物走向河岸。 考查现在进行时。通过look可知句子应该用现在进行时，其构成be+doing(动词的现在分词); the police是集合名词，本身表示复数，因此be动词用are.故选 C。 8．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题） of the coats made of cotton. They feel comfortable. A．Two-thirds; is B．Two-thirds; are C．Two-third; is D．Two-third; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些外套的三分之二是由棉布制成的，他们摸起来很舒服。 考查分数的用法。分数表示法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母加s；分数作主语时，根据其后接的词而定，如果为不可数名词，则相当于单数，如果其后接的为可数名词复数形式，则相当于复数，根据句意及结构，故选B。 9．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题） There _______ more than thirty selective courses in our school. Which one would you like to choose? A．is B．are C．have D．has 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校有三十多门选修课。你想选哪一个？ 考查there be句型。there be句型中be的单复数由后面的主语的单复数决定，而主语thirty selective courses是复数，be动词用are，故选B。 10．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best? —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan. A．are B．is C．were D．was 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这本书中有许多中国古诗。你最喜欢哪一个？——王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》。 考查主谓一致和时态。此处表示客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选A。 11．（2023·四川广元·中考真题）—What activities are there in the coming Dragon Boat Festival? —There ________ a boat race and a show. A．is going to be B．is going to have C．are going to be D．are going to have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——端午节有什么活动？——将有一场划船比赛和一场表演。 考查There be句型的一般将来时。There be句型不能与have连用，故排除B和D；由“There…a boat race and a show”可知，be动词应用is。故选A。 三．语法选择 （1） （2025·广东佛山·一模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 Gu Jinling, a 12-year-old girl from Beijing, becomes famous online for her great Chinese classical (古典的) dance performance. She has over 2.5 million followers online and 1 as a role model for many young girls. She started learning dance at the age of 3 and has been practicing it for nearly ten years. She fell in love 2 the Chinese-style dress and began to learn Chinese classical dance. Her journey to 3 has never been easy. Classical dance requires 4 deep understanding of Chinese culture. She reads many books on Chinese traditional arts and 5 museums in different cities to study ancient dance like Dunhuang dance. 6 she grows taller, Gu meets new challenges in controlling her body. She has to work much 7 and practice more. People love 8 for her amazing moves in those beautiful dresses. Speaking of 9 she has done, she feels proud. “It takes great efforts 10 success, but it is worth it if you are doing something that you really love.” 1．A．thought B．is thinking C．is thought 2．A．for B．with C．about 3．A．success B．successful C．successfully 4．A．a B．an C．the 5．A．visit B．visits C．will visit 6．A．As B．Until C．Before 7．A．hard B．harder C．hardest 8．A．she B．her C．hers 9．A．why B．how C．what 10．A．achieve B．achieving C．to achieve 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了12岁北京女孩顾今玲因出色的中国古典舞表演而走红网络的故事。她从3岁开始学习舞蹈，通过阅读书籍和参观博物馆深入了解中国传统文化，克服身高增长带来的挑战，最终取得成功。 1．句意：她在网上拥有超过250万粉丝，并被许多年轻女孩视为榜样。 thought认为（过去式）；is thinking正在思考；is thought被认为（被动语态）。根据“as a role model”可知是被动语态。故选C。 2．句意：她爱上了中国风服饰，开始学习中国古典舞。 for为了；with和……一起；about关于。固定搭配”fall in love with”。故选B。 3．句意：她的成功之路从来都不容易。 success成功（名词）；successful成功的（形容词）；successfully成功地（副词）。介词to后接名词。故选A。 4．句意：古典舞需要对中国文化有深刻理解。 a一个（辅音音素前）；an一个（元音音素前）；the特指。此处泛指“一种理解”，且“deep”以辅音开头。故选A。 5．句意：她参观不同城市的博物馆研究敦煌舞等古代舞蹈。 visit参观（原形）；visits参观（第三人称单数）；will visit将参观。此处用一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数。故选B。 6．句意：随着身高增长，顾今玲在控制身体上面临新挑战。 As随着；Until直到；Before在……之前。表示伴随变化。故选A。 7．句意：她必须更加努力地练习。 hard努力地；harder更努力地；hardest最努力地。根据“much”和“practice more”可知是比较级。故选B。 8．句意：人们喜爱她穿着那些漂亮服装的惊人动作。 she她（主格）；her她（宾格）；hers她的（名词性物主代词）。动词love后接宾格。故选B。 9．句意：谈到她所做的事情，她感到自豪。 why为什么；how如何；what什么。done后缺少宾语，用what引导宾语从句。故选C。 10．句意：取得成功需要巨大努力。 achieve取得（原形）；achieving取得（现在分词）；to achieve取得（不定式）。此处是固定句型“It takes...to do”。故选C。 （2） （2025·广东佛山·一模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 15-year-old Zhou Wei is a student from Hunan. He does something special-helping his mother clean the streets. Zhou’s mother works at 1 company. She goes to work at 8:30 a.m. 2 more money, she works part-time as a cleaner. She cleans the streets before 8:30 a.m. every day. Zhou knows that his mother is busy 3 tired, so he wants to help her. One year ago, Zhou began cleaning the streets with his mother 4 weekends. Now a year has passed, and Zhou 5 clean the streets well. He 6 some changes since then. He now gets up early and is one of the first 7 to arrive at school. He is also skilled at doing some housework and is 8 than before. People sometimes ask Zhou, “Don’t you feel ashamed (羞愧) when you clean the streets?” Zhou says “Not at all. It’s a great thing to help my mother. I hope I can do more for 9 in the future.” 10 thoughtful this boy is! His kindness and thoughtfulness truly set an example for others to follow. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．Make B．Making C．To make 3．A．and B．or C．but 4．A．in B．by C．on 5．A．can B．may C．must 6．A．experiences B．will experience C．has experienced 7．A．student B．students C．students’ 8．A．independent B．more independent C．the most independent 9．A．she B．her C．herself 10．A．How B．What C．What a 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了15岁的周伟帮助母亲清扫街道的故事，展现了他的善良和体贴，为他人树立了榜样。 1．句意：周伟的母亲在一家公司工作。 a一个，修饰辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表示特指。根据文中“company”可知，此处是泛指一家公司，且“company”以辅音开头。故选A。 2．句意：为了赚更多的钱，她兼职做清洁工。 Make制造；Making制造，动名词；To make为了制造，不定式。根据文中“…more money, she works part-time as a cleaner”可知，此处表示目的，用不定式。故选C。 3．句意：周伟知道他的母亲既忙又累，所以他想帮助她。 and和；or或者；but但是。根据文中“busy…tired”可知，“忙”和“累”是并列关系，应用and连接，故选A。 4．句意：一年前，周伟开始在周末和母亲一起清扫街道。 in在……里面；by通过；on在……时候。根据文中“weekends”可知，此处指的是“在周末”，用介词on，故选C。 5．句意：现在一年过去了，周伟能够很好地打扫街道。 can能够；may可能；must必须。根据文中“Zhou...clean the streets well.”可知，此处表示能力，应用can，故选A。 6．句意：从那以后，他经历了一些变化。 experiences经历，动词三单；will experience将经历，一般将来时；has experienced已经经历，现在完成时。根据文中“since then”可知，此处表示从过去到现在的时间段，应用现在完成时，故选C。 7．句意：他现在起得很早，是第一批到校的学生之一。 student学生，单数；students学生，复数；students’学生的。根据文中“one of the first...to arrive at school”可知，此处表示“第一批学生中的一个”，此处是“one of the+复数名词”的结构，故选B。 8．句意：他也擅长做一些家务，并且比以前更独立了。 independent独立的；more independent更独立的；the most independent最独立的。解析：根据“than”可知，此处用比较级，故选B。 9．句意：我希望将来能为她做更多的事情。 she她，主格；her她，宾格； herself她自己。“for”是介词，后接宾语，应用宾格形式。故选B。 10．句意：这个男孩多么体贴啊！ How多么，修饰形容词或副词；What多么，后跟不可数名词；What a多么一个，后接单数名词。根据文中“… thoughtful this boy is!”可知，此处是感叹句，中心词为形容词thoughtful，符合结构“How+adj.+主+谓”。故选A。 （3） （2024·广东佛山·一模）A girl who wrote Chinese calligraphy (书法) on her home curtains (窗帘) has become popular online. The pictures of her creations have 1 surprised lots of people. The girl named Yating is from Quanzhou, Fujian Province. It took 2 three days to write the calligraphy. Yating decided 3 the calligraphy curtains because her old ones had cartoon pictures on them and they didn’t fit the style of her home. She wanted to make 4 change. Yating put “Four Treasures of the Study” (文房四宝) on the desk to match the calligraphy curtains. According to Yating, the curtains 5 of thin etamine (纱) instead of common cloth or paper. “I have to be careful not to use too much ink 6 the etamine is quite thin, or the ink would spread to a wide area.” she said. Yating said she loved writing calligraphy a lot. She 7 up the hobby about five years ago. “On the curtains, I copied the works 8 two famous ancient calligraphy masters Huai Su and Huang Tingjian. And I am quite 9 with my calligraphy works.” said Yating. Yating took photos of her calligraphy curtains and shared them online. 10 amazing pictures they were! Many people thought they were not only beautiful, but also brought them peace in the heart. 1．A．great B．greater C．greatly 2．A．she B．her C．hers 3．A．to do B．did C．doing 4．A．a B．an C．the 5．A．made B．are made C．were made 6．A．when B．though C．because 7．A．takes B．took C．was taking 8．A．by B．for C．with 9．A．satisfied B．more satisfied C．most satisfied 10．A．How B．What C．What a 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了泉州女孩雅婷在窗帘上写书法的事情。 1．句意：她创作的图片让很多人大吃一惊。 great伟大的，很大的；greater较大的；greatly极大地，副词。根据“The pictures of her creations have ... surprised lots of people.”可知修饰动词应用副词。故选C。 2．句意：她花了三天时间写这张书法。 she她，主格；her她，宾格；hers她的，名词性物主代词。took为动词，后接宾格代词作宾语。故选B。 3．句意：雅婷决定做书法窗帘，因为她的旧窗帘上有卡通图案，不适合她家的风格。 to do做，动词不定式；did过去式；doing现在分词/动名词。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故选A。 4．句意：她想做出改变。 a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，表示泛指；an用在以元音音素开头的单词前，表示泛指；the定冠词，特指某人或某物。根据“her old ones had cartoon pictures on them and they didn’t fit the style of her home.”可知她想改变一下窗帘的风格，此处表示泛指，且change以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故选A。 5．句意：据雅婷说，窗帘是用薄纱制成的，而不是普通的布或纸。 made制作，过去式；are made一般现在时的被动语态；were made一般过去时的被动语态。be made of“由……制成”；结合语境，“纱制成窗帘”应是过去发生的动作，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 6．句意：我必须小心不要用太多的墨水，因为纱很薄，否则墨水会扩散到一个很大的区域。 when当……时候；though虽然；because因为。前后句为因果关系，故应用because连接。故选C。 7．句意：她大约五年前开始有了这个爱好。 takes带走，动词第三人称单数；took过去式；was taking过去进行时。take up“开始从事（某项活动）”，由“five years ago”可知时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故选B。 8．句意：在窗帘上，我抄写了两位著名古代书法大师怀素和黄庭坚的作品。 by由，被；for为了；with和。根据“the works ... two famous ancient calligraphy masters Huai Su and Huang Tingjian”可知此处指由怀素和黄庭坚这两位古代著名的书法大师创作的作品。故选A。 9．句意：我对自己的书法作品很满意。 satisfied满意的；more satisfied更满意的；most satisfied最满意的。根据“And I am quite ... with my calligraphy works.”可知此处指满意自己的书法作品，不含比较，所以用原级。故选A。 10．句意：它们是多么惊人的照片啊！ How引导感叹句，中心词为形容词、副词；What引导感叹句，中心词为复数名词或不可数名词；What a引导感叹句，中心词为可数名词单数。根据“amazing pictures they were!”可知中心词为复数名词，故应用What引导感叹句。故选B。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 非谓语动词、主谓一致（复习讲义）（北京专用） 非谓语动词 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 动词不定式 考点二 动词的ing形式 考点三 动词的ed形式 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 1．从命题形式上看，主要出现在完形填空题中。 2．从命题内容上看，主要考查非谓语动词形式（1.动词不定式2.动词的ing形式3.动词的ed形式 ） 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 完形填空 第14小题 第15、19、20小题 第18小题 命题预测 主要有以下命题角度：非谓语动词形式（1.动词不定式2.动词的ing形式3.动词的ed形式 ） 主要在完形填空题中考查。 考点一 动词不定式 1．（2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Kitty will go to the English Corner ______ her English this Saturday afternoon. A．to practise B．practising C．practised D．practise 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to，其否定式为“not to+动词原形”。具体用法见下表。 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作主语 放句首，谓语动词用单数 To see is to believe.（to believe作表语） 通常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即不定式则被后置： It+is+adj.（+for/of sb.）+to do sth. It takes sb.+一段时间+to do sth.（做某事花费某人多少时间。） It is important for us to work hard in order to have a better life. It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 作宾语 一些动词后常用不定式：afford/agree/want/hope/decide/wish/ learn/expect/fail/plan/promise/refuse/ wait/...+to do sth. They can't afford to buy a house. He decided to visit the family on Saturday evening. 有些动词后接动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语即不定式后置：find/think+it+adj.+ to do sth. I found it difficult to find a job in the city. 动词不定式可以和疑问词连用作宾语： what/which/when/where/how+to do Nobody told us what to do next. We don't know where to go. 作状语 位于表示情绪、状态等的形容词后：be+adj.+to do sth. I am proud to stand with you. 表目的：to do/in order to do... A friend came to see me last night. To learn English well, you must study hard. 表结果：too+adj.+to do sth. （太……而不能做某事） adj./adv.+enough+to do sth.（足够……可以做某事） He is too young to go to school. He is old enough to go to school. 作宾语补足语 位于宾语之后，对宾语作补充说明： advise/allow/ask/encourage/force/ invite/order/require/want/warn/teach/...（变被动后依然接to do）+sb.+to do sth. She encouraged me to write. My mom advises me to do my homework first. All the students were asked to complete a questionnaire（问卷）. 作定语 动词不定式作定语时要后置： something/anything/nothing/物/人+ to do I have some clothes to wash. I want something to eat. He has no place to live. 一些省略to的不定式的常用搭配/句型 make/let/have sb. do sth.使/让某人做某事 help sb. （to） do sth.帮助某人做某事 had better do sth.最好做某事 Why not do sth.？ 为什么不做某事？（提建议） would rather do sth.宁愿做某事 1．（2026·上海浦东新·一模）The school requires the seventh graders ________ a safety training course. A．complete B．to complete C．completing D．completed 2．（2026·上海青浦·一模）The doctor advised the young man ________ eating unhealthy food in his daily life. A．stop B．to stop C．stopping D．stopped 考点二 动词的-ing形式 1．（2023·上海·中考真题）The family are busy ________ their living room for the coming Spring Festival. A．decorating B．to decorate C．decorate D．decorated 动词的-ing形式为动词原形后加-ing构成（动词的-ing形式的构成见P26）；其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。动词的-ing形式可以和be动词一起构成进行时，还可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，详见下表。 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作主语 放句首，谓语动词用单数 Swimming is good for health. 作宾语 一些动词 （enjoy/practice/finish/mind/miss/keep/suggest/imagine/consider/avoid/...）后接动词的-ing形式 He practices speaking English every day. When playing in the hallways, students should avoid pushing each other. 介词（of/to（to为介词时，后面接动词的-ing形式， 如be used to/ look forward to+doing...）/for/after/by/about/...）后接动词的-ing形式 He helped me realize that travel is about learning cultures. 作表语 It was exciting to listen to the story of his adventures. 作定语 They found another hiding place.（前置定语） a highway leading into the mountains通往山区的公路（后置定语） 作状语 She was in the kitchen preparing supper. 作宾语补足语 I can't imagine Grandma riding a motorbike. 动词的-ing形式的固定搭配 see/hear+宾语+doing sth.看到/听到某人正在做某事 keep/leave+宾语+doing sth.使……一直（保持某状态） spend+时间+（in） doing sth.花费时间做某事/spend+金钱+doing sth.花费金钱做某事 have difficulty （in） doing sth.在做某事上有困难 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 sth. be worth doing某事值得做 end up doing sth.最后处于…… 1．（2026·上海长宁·一模）The suspect denied ________ the vase, but the cameras clearly showed his actions. A．to steal B．stole C．stealing D．steal 2．（2026·上海青浦·一模）Our school is considering ________ a fun fair to welcome the new year. A．holding B．to hold C．held D．hold 3．（2026·上海黄浦·一模）Pelé spent his early years ________ soccer barefoot with a ball made of socks. A．play B．to play C．playing D．to playing 4．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）The couple were seen ________ a walk outside at this time yesterday . Nobody knows when they came back. A．take B．taken C．took D．taking 5．（2025·云南·模拟预测）The Chang’e-6 probe successfully collected samples from the far side of the moon, ________ a new record in lunar exploration. A．set B．setting C．sets D．to set 考点三 动词的-ed形式 （2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages ______ in the world? —Sorry, I have no idea. A．speaking B．spoken C．speak D．spoke 动词的-ed形式也叫过去分词（过去分词的构成见P26），它除了可以与be动词一起构成被动语态，与have/has一起构成现在完成时，还可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。详见下表。 功能 示例 作表语 He is not interested in research. 作定语 She had a pleased look on her face. 作宾语补足语 We all wished the problem settled.（希望问题被解决） 作状语 Mr. Brown, deeply moved, thanked him again and again.（深深地被感动） 既可接动词的-ing形式又可接to do的动词 有些动词既能接动词的-ing形式作宾语，又能接不定式作宾语，含义相近或不同。 1.含义相同或相近： begin to do sth.=begin doing sth.开始做某事 start to do sth.=start doing sth.开始做某事 continue to do sth.=continue doing sth.继续做某事 like to do sth.=like doing sth.喜欢做某事 love to do sth.=love doing sth.热爱做某事 hate to do sth.=hate doing sth.讨厌做某事 2.含义不同： 动词 区别 示例 remember remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做） I forgot to say thank you.（没说谢谢） I forgot saying that. （说过，但不记得了） Those flowers look nice. Let's stop to buy flowers.（停下去买花） We have so many flowers at home. Please stop buying flowers.（停止买花） remember doing sth.记得做过某事（做过） forget forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做） forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（做过） stop stop to do sth.停下去做某事（某个动作的开始） stop doing sth.停下正在做的事（某个动作的终结） 1．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）My computer doesn’t work, so I want to have it ________. A．repaired B．repairing C．to repair D．repair 2．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）The book ________ by Han Han is very popular among teenagers. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 一．单项选择 1．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）________ eyes healthy, we students should spend less time on screens. A．To keep B．Keep C．Kept D．Keeping 2．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）An old man ________ on the side of the road was found ________, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately. A．lies; dies B．lay; died C．lain; dead D．lying; dying 3．（2022·甘肃天水·中考真题）It took us one week ________ this article ________ by Mo Yan. A．read, written B．to read, written C．reading, to write D．to read, to write 4．（2026·上海金山·一模）Students are required ________ their hands before speaking in the discussion. A．raise B．raised C．raising D．to raise 5．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）This novel ________ by Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in 2012. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 6．（2025·天津·模拟预测）My mother always asks me ________ the habit of doing homework as soon as I get home. A．develop B．developing C．develops D．to develop 7．（2026·上海杨浦·一模）The school expects students ________ well during exams. A．behave B．behaved C．behaving D．to behave 8．（2025·全国·模拟预测）—Would you like to watch a basketball game tonight at the sports center? —I’d like to, but my parents don’t allow me ________ late. A．stay out B．stayed out C．staying out D．to stay out 9．（25-26九年级上·云南·月考）He avoided __________ mistakes by practicing it over and over again. A．made B．making C．to make D．makes 10．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）—So far, Hi Mom is one of the most ________ films I’ve ever seen. —That’s true, It is well worth ________ again. A．move; see B．moved; to see C．moving; seeing D．moved; seeing 11．（2025·云南昆明·三模）The heavy rain prevented us from ________ the outdoor activities as planned, so we had to stay in the classroom. A．organize B．to organize C．organizes D．organizing 12．（2025·江苏淮安·一模）The river ______ through Huai’an is called the Grand Canal (大运河). A．flows B．flowed C．flowing D．to flow 13．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）When I opened my eyes, I saw Melissa ________ at the end of my bed. A．stand B．standing C．to stand D．stood 14．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Kunqu ________ in Jiangsu Province is one of China’s oldest forms of opera and known for its pleasant singing. A．create B．created C．creating D．to create 15．（2025·天津河东·一模）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different places and countries. A．is made; send B．is made; is sent C．made; send D．made; is sent 16．（2025·甘肃平凉·一模）Yesterday I broke my favourite watch, and now I have to get it ________ . A．repaired B．repairing C．repair D．to repair 二．用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1．She walked for a long time, and stopped （have） a rest under a tree. 2．It seemed that they decided （do）something without her. 3．Instead of （climb） Mount Impossible every day, you played on the smaller hills and became better at climbing. 4．Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how （be） better drivers. 5．I understand that （do） housework is more difficult than I used to imagine. 6． At the same time, relics protection organizations and tourism organizations should work together （make） this economic model better. 7．He burned your farm down to make you （sell） it. 8．After some time, Haojia was pleased （find） that the moon was in the bucket. 9．How can I become a better person? This question has been in my head for long. As students, we spend most of our time （study）. 10．Let me （tell） you about my favorite book. 11．You're expected （shake） hands when meeting people for the first time in China. 12．On the bus ride home, Ann avoided （sit） next to Lily on purpose. 13．They have even asked governments （develop） laws to stop the sale of shark fins. 14．Don't give up （try）. I'm sure you will succeed. 三．用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 Hi Tina, Thank you for 1. （send） me the signature（签名） poster of my favourite band. It's a pity that I couldn't see their live performance, but my mum took me to see another amazing concert. She said it wasn't easy 2. （get） the tickets because everyone wanted 3. （see） this show. The singing was awesome! I would like 4. （be） a singer in a band but I'm not very good at 5. （sing）. Now we're thinking of 6. （go） to see The Lion King in May. Shall we get you a ticket? I hope 7. （hear） from you soon. Cassie 主谓一致 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 语法一致原则 考点二 意义一致原则 考点三 就近一致原则 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 英语的主谓一致主要有三种：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。在这几年北京市英语中考试题中，直接考查主谓一致的并不多，但在阅读理解所涉及的句子考查面比较广，因此仍然应该引起学生重视。 考点一 语法一致原则——主语、谓语在语法形式上保持一致 主语 谓语形式 示例 不可数名词、可数名词单数、第三人称单数代词he/she/it 单数形式 The boy was interested in English. He doesn't think it is a good idea. 动词不定式、动词的-ing形式 单数形式 Reading is learning. one/each/each one/...或one/every one/each one/each+of+复数名词/复数代词 单数形式 Each one has a gift. Each of the answers is worth 20 points. 复合不定代词anyone/somebody/everything/nobody等 单数形式 Is everything all right? none/neither of+复数名词或复数代词 单数/复数形式 None of us has/have been to Beijing. 复数名词、复数代词 复数形式 These apples are Mike's. and或both...and...连接的并列主语 复数形式 Tom and Mike are good friends. Both Lucy and Lily are students. 1.“A+with/along with/together with/as well as+B”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数由前面的A的单复数形式决定。如:Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing. 2.shoes, clothes, trousers, scissors, glasses, shorts, jeans, chopsticks, gloves等作主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式。但如果这些名词被a pair/kind of 修饰时，谓语动词需用单数形式。 1．（2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题）—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend? —Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary. A．is B．was C．are D．were 2．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）The number of students in this school ________ five hundred, and about ________ of them like creative English homework. A．is; three fifth B．is; three fifths C．are; three fifth D．are; three fifths 考点二 意义一致原则——主语、谓语在意义上保持一致关系 类别 谓语形式 示例 表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或词组作主语时，一般看作一个整体 单数形式 Three years is a long time. 集体名词作主语时，如family、team、class、group等 表示整体概念 单数形式 His family is going to move.（强调一个家庭） 表示各个成员 复数形式 His family are all eating.（强调家人） police、people等作主语时 复数形式 The police are helping a girl look for her mother. 1.all、any、enough、half、more、most、some作主语或修饰主语时，若主语表示复数意义，则谓语用复数形式；若主语表示单数意义或是不可数名词，则谓语用单数形式。如： All of the apples are rotten.（所有的苹果都腐烂了。） All of the apple is rotten.（整个苹果都腐烂了。） 2.主语为“分数/百分数+of+名词”时，其后的谓语形式取决于of后的名词的单复数。如： About 60% of the students in our school are boys. About 60% of the work is done. 1．（2021·辽宁营口·中考真题）One thousand kilometers ________ quite a long way to the ancients,but now we can complete the journey in about one hour by air. A．was B．had C．were D．have 2．（2021·四川广元·中考真题）I plan to travel to America next month, and I think 2000 dollars ________ enough. A．was B．are C．is D．were 考点三 就近一致原则——谓语的单复数取决于离谓语最近的主语的单复数形式 类别 谓语形式 示例 There be句型中 be动词常与离它近的主语在数上保持一致 There is a table and three chairs in Tom's room. either...or... neither...nor... not only...but （also）... not...but... 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与离它较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致 Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle. 1．（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）There ________ different opinions on smart technology. What do you think about it? A．is B．are C．have D．has 2．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger. A．is; is B．are; is C．is; are D．are; are 一．单句填空 1．Although our （餐） look better, large amounts of sugar are often added. 2．Chinese Language Day （fall） on April 20th every year. 3．Xinzhou ancient city in Shanxi, with a history of more than 1,800 years, （have） over 500 stores and restaurants. 4．A recent study shows that letter writing （make） the writer happy. 5．Neither Lily nor her parents （be） outdoors when the rainstorm came. 6．This is my good friend, Lucy. Not only she but also I （be） good at recycling. We often make some toys out of waste. 7．Reading novels （be） her favorite way to relax. 8．There a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it. 9．The centre of hurricane（飓风） winds is called the eye. Winds in the eye （be） not very strong. 10．There _ _ _ _ （be） some good advice and ways about how to use the Internet correctly and wisely. 11．Each of them （receive） a gift from the school every year. 12．Three years （be） a short time in one's life. 13．Either you or he （be） responsible for the mistake. 14．Once a term, there （be） a parents’ meeting in our school. 15．Using public chopsticks （be） necessary when eating with others. 16．There （be） some milk and several apples in the fridge. 17．Not only Peter but also his father （be） crazy about the basketball match. 18．Three fifths of the teachers in our school （be） women. 19．Fresh water （be） more important than anything else. 20． （visitor） from all over the country come here to show their respect. 21．While everyone （be） laughing about the comic book, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny. 二．单项选择 1．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）A survey of the opinions of experts__________ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week __________good for our health. A．show; are B．shows; is C．show; is D．shows; are 2．（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）There ________ some flowers in my room. I often water them. A．is B．are C．was D．were 3．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）Look! There ________ a notebook and three keys on the desk. A．is B．was C．are D．were 4．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Using public chopsticks ______ necessary when eating with others. —That’s right. A．is B．are C．was D．were 5．（2022·天津·中考真题）A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year. A．protect B．is protected C．are protected D．protected 6．（2021·四川绵阳·中考真题） For kids of this age, two hours of sitting in a classroom ________ too long. A．is B．are C．was D．were 7．（2024·四川宜宾·中考真题）Look! The police ______ the food onto the bank of the river. A．am carrying B．is carrying C．are carrying D．are carried 8．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题） of the coats made of cotton. They feel comfortable. A．Two-thirds; is B．Two-thirds; are C．Two-third; is D．Two-third; are 9．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题） There _______ more than thirty selective courses in our school. Which one would you like to choose? A．is B．are C．have D．has 10．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best? —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan. A．are B．is C．were D．was 11．（2023·四川广元·中考真题）—What activities are there in the coming Dragon Boat Festival? —There ________ a boat race and a show. A．is going to be B．is going to have C．are going to be D．are going to have 三．语法选择 （1） （2025·广东佛山·一模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 Gu Jinling, a 12-year-old girl from Beijing, becomes famous online for her great Chinese classical (古典的) dance performance. She has over 2.5 million followers online and 1 as a role model for many young girls. She started learning dance at the age of 3 and has been practicing it for nearly ten years. She fell in love 2 the Chinese-style dress and began to learn Chinese classical dance. Her journey to 3 has never been easy. Classical dance requires 4 deep understanding of Chinese culture. She reads many books on Chinese traditional arts and 5 museums in different cities to study ancient dance like Dunhuang dance. 6 she grows taller, Gu meets new challenges in controlling her body. She has to work much 7 and practice more. People love 8 for her amazing moves in those beautiful dresses. Speaking of 9 she has done, she feels proud. “It takes great efforts 10 success, but it is worth it if you are doing something that you really love.” 1．A．thought B．is thinking C．is thought 2．A．for B．with C．about 3．A．success B．successful C．successfully 4．A．a B．an C．the 5．A．visit B．visits C．will visit 6．A．As B．Until C．Before 7．A．hard B．harder C．hardest 8．A．she B．her C．hers 9．A．why B．how C．what 10．A．achieve B．achieving C．to achieve （2） （2025·广东佛山·一模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 15-year-old Zhou Wei is a student from Hunan. He does something special-helping his mother clean the streets. Zhou’s mother works at 1 company. She goes to work at 8:30 a.m. 2 more money, she works part-time as a cleaner. She cleans the streets before 8:30 a.m. every day. Zhou knows that his mother is busy 3 tired, so he wants to help her. One year ago, Zhou began cleaning the streets with his mother 4 weekends. Now a year has passed, and Zhou 5 clean the streets well. He 6 some changes since then. He now gets up early and is one of the first 7 to arrive at school. He is also skilled at doing some housework and is 8 than before. People sometimes ask Zhou, “Don’t you feel ashamed (羞愧) when you clean the streets?” Zhou says “Not at all. It’s a great thing to help my mother. I hope I can do more for 9 in the future.” 10 thoughtful this boy is! His kindness and thoughtfulness truly set an example for others to follow. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．Make B．Making C．To make 3．A．and B．or C．but 4．A．in B．by C．on 5．A．can B．may C．must 6．A．experiences B．will experience C．has experienced 7．A．student B．students C．students’ 8．A．independent B．more independent C．the most independent 9．A．she B．her C．herself 10．A．How B．What C．What a （3） （2024·广东佛山·一模）A girl who wrote Chinese calligraphy (书法) on her home curtains (窗帘) has become popular online. The pictures of her creations have 1 surprised lots of people. The girl named Yating is from Quanzhou, Fujian Province. It took 2 three days to write the calligraphy. Yating decided 3 the calligraphy curtains because her old ones had cartoon pictures on them and they didn’t fit the style of her home. She wanted to make 4 change. Yating put “Four Treasures of the Study” (文房四宝) on the desk to match the calligraphy curtains. According to Yating, the curtains 5 of thin etamine (纱) instead of common cloth or paper. “I have to be careful not to use too much ink 6 the etamine is quite thin, or the ink would spread to a wide area.” she said. Yating said she loved writing calligraphy a lot. She 7 up the hobby about five years ago. “On the curtains, I copied the works 8 two famous ancient calligraphy masters Huai Su and Huang Tingjian. And I am quite 9 with my calligraphy works.” said Yating. Yating took photos of her calligraphy curtains and shared them online. 10 amazing pictures they were! Many people thought they were not only beautiful, but also brought them peace in the heart. 1．A．great B．greater C．greatly 2．A．she B．her C．hers 3．A．to do B．did C．doing 4．A．a B．an C．the 5．A．made B．are made C．were made 6．A．when B．though C．because 7．A．takes B．took C．was taking 8．A．by B．for C．with 9．A．satisfied B．more satisfied C．most satisfied 10．A．How B．What C．What a 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $