专题01 构词法(复习讲义)(北京专用)2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

2026-02-24
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 中考复习-二轮专题
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 北京市
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.29 MB
发布时间 2026-02-24
更新时间 2026-03-19
作者 小米夏
品牌系列 上好课·二轮讲练测
审核时间 2026-02-24
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/56539070.html
价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦构词法专题,覆盖派生法、合成法、转化法三大核心考点,结合北京中考“间接考查为主、强调语境理解”的考情要求,按“考情目标-专题框架-重难考点-预测闯关”系统架构知识,通过前缀后缀表、转化规则梳理构建体系,真题动向分析与易错警示突破语境推断难点,体现复习教学的系统性和针对性。 亮点在于“语境化+分层训练”设计,如通过环保文章中“recycle”推断词义培养语言能力,对比否定前缀un-与dis-规则提升思维品质。设置基础填空、选词填空、中考语法填空真题等分层练习,配合即时反馈机制,帮助学生高效掌握构词技巧,教师可据此精准把控复习节奏,助力学生提升语篇理解与词汇运用的应考能力。

内容正文:

专题01 构词法(复习讲义)(北京专用) 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 派生法 考点二 转化法 考点三 合成法 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 英语的构词法主要有三种:合成法、派生法、转化法。在这几年北京市英语中考试题中,直接考查构词法的并不多,但在阅读理解所涉及的构词法考查面比较广,因此仍然应该引起学生重视。 热考角度 1. 间接考查为主:构词法一般不直接出题考查,而是融入在阅读理解、完形填空等语篇中。通过让学生理解含有构词法生成的新词的句子或段落,来考查学生对构词法的掌握程度,比如在阅读中出现“unlucky’“disappear”等通过派生法构成的词。 2. 强调语境理解:注重考查学生在具体语境中利用构词法推断生词含义的能力。例如,在一篇关于环保的文章中出现“recycle”一词,学生需要根据“re-”这个前缀表示“重新,再次”的含义,以及上下文语境,理解其“回收利用”的意思。 3.结合多种技能:构词法知识的考查常与阅读、写作等技能相结合。在阅读中,学生要通过构词法理解生词,辅助阅读理解;在写作中,学生可能会运用构词法来丰富词汇表达,如用“hard-working”来描述一个人的品质。 命题预测 1. 语境化:越来越注重在具体语境中考查运用。 2. 生活化:选材多与日常生活、社会热点等相关,让学生在熟悉的情境中运用。 考点一 派生法 1.The noise made sleep (possible), so I got up and read a book. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意:噪音使人无法入睡,所以我起床读一本书。 固定搭配:make+sth+形容词,表示“使某物……”,根据The noise及I got up and read a book,可知,噪音使人无法入睡,所以起床读一本书,故空格处填impossible。故答案为impossible。 2.They built (wood) bridges over the river. 【答案】wooden 【详解】句意:他们在河上建造了几座木桥。根据“bridges”可知,此处应填一个形容词作定语,修饰名词bridges,wood的形容词形式为wooden,表示“木制的”。故填wooden。 一、常用前缀 1.否定前缀 词缀 含义 例词 ab-;abs- 相反;变坏;离去 abuse滥用;虐待abnormal反常的 un- 不;未;非;反 unable不能的unknown未知的unusual不寻常的 dis- 不;非;相反 disadvantage不利因素disagree不同意 in-(变体im-;ir-;il-) 不;非;无 incorrect不正确的inactive不活跃的 impatient不耐烦的impolite不礼貌的 irregular不规则的illegal不合法的 mis- 坏(或错)的;糟糕(或错误)地 mistake错误misunderstand误解 2.初中阶段其他常用前缀 (1)表示时间、序列、位置的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 re- 又;再;重新 rebuild重建 fore- 先于;预先 forecast预报 pre- 在……前 prewar战前的 sub- 在……下面 subway地铁 ex- 前任 ex-president前总统 post- 后;以后 postgraduate研究生postwar战后的 under- 在下面;在……之下;不足 undersea海底的underline在……下画线 (2)表示比较程度差别、数量关系的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 over- 太;过于 overpopulation人口过多 micro- 微小的 microwave微波 multi- 多个;许多 multimedia多媒体的 vice- 副 vice-president副总统 sub- 亚于;分支 subtitle副标题 semi- 半 semi-final半决赛 tri- 三 triangle三角形 (3)引起词性变化的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 a- 处于……状态 asleep睡着的 en- 使…… enlarge扩大 (4)表示其他含义的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 tele- 远的 telephone电话television电视 auto- 自动的;自己的 automatic自动的autobiography自传 eco- 生态的 ecosystem生态系统 inter- 在……之间;相互的 international国际的Internet网络 interview采访;会见interact相互作用 trans- 穿越;从……到 transatlantic横渡大西洋的translate翻译transplant移植 二、常用后缀 1.构成名词的后缀 词缀 含义 例词 -al 表示过程或状态 survival幸存arrival到达 -an;-ian;-ean ……地方的人;……时期的人 Asian 亚洲人Brazilian巴西人Roman古罗马人 专长于……的人; ……地方的人 European欧洲人mathematician数学家magician魔术师 -ance;-ence 表示行动或状况 appearance出现;外貌importance重要性 confidence信心 -ant;-ent ……人; ……事物 accountant会计applicant申请人president总统 resident居民;住户 -arian 相信……的人;实行……的人 librarian图书管理员vegetarian素食者 -ary 与……有关的人/物 boundary边界;界限secretary秘书 -cy 具有……的状态(或性质) accuracy准确性diplomacy外交 -dom 表示状况或状态 wisdom智慧 freedom自由 表示职位、地位、领域 kingdom王国 -eer 与……有关的人 engineer工程师;技师pioneer先锋;开拓者volunteer志愿者 -er;-or ……的人或物 astronomer天文学家reporter记者creator创造者 inventor发明者;发明家 -ese ……国(或城市)的人;……国(或城市)的语言 Chinese中国人;汉语Portuguese葡萄牙人;葡萄牙语Japanese日本人;日语 -ess 女…… hostess女主人actress女演员waitress女服务员 -hood ……的状态(或性质);(某类人的)集体 childhood儿童时期livelihood生计neighborhood街区;居住区 -ibility 可……性; 易……性 possibility可能性flexibility灵活性responsibility责任 -ics ……的科学(或艺术、活动) mathematics数学physics物理学athletics田径运动 -ing 行动或过程的产物或结果 feeling感觉;感受building建筑物training培训;训练 -ion;-sion;-tion;-ation ……行为;……状态 fashion时髦discussion讨论competition竞争 information信息 -ist ……的信仰者;从事……的人;……使用者 socialist社会主义者scientist科学家dentist牙科医生violinist小提琴手 -ity;-ty ……性质;……状态 personality个性safety安全 -logy;-ology 学科;科目 biology生物学technology技术psychology心理学 -ment ……的行为(或结果) achievement成就;成绩development发展 advertisement广告agreement协定;协议 -ness ……的性质(或状态、特点) blindness失明kindness善良darkness黑暗 -ship 表示状态、性质、地位、职位、集体 friendship友谊championship锦标赛scholarship奖学金membership(统称)会员 -th 表示动作或过程 growth生长width宽度;广度truth真相 -ure ……的行动(或过程、结果等) pleasure高兴;满意closure关闭failure失败 -y ……的动作(或过程) discovery发现;发觉jealousy忌妒inquiry询问 2.构成动词的后缀 词缀 含义 例词 -en 使;使成为;变得 worsen使变得更糟weaken削弱broaden加宽 -ify 使得;变成 simplify使简化classify分类beautify美化 -ize -ise(为英式英语拼写) 成为;使;使像;以……方式说(或想、行动、对待等) civilize教化;开化realize意识到;实现 criticize批评memorize记住 3.构成形容词的后缀 词缀 意义 例词 -able -ible 能……的;应……的; 具有……性质的 acceptable可接受的comfortable舒适的 flexible灵活的;能适应新情况的 -al -ial 与……有关的 verbal言语的natural自然的facial面部的 artificial人工的;人造的 -an -ian -ean 来自;有……特征的 suburban郊区的African非洲的Canadian加拿大的 European欧洲的 -ate 充满……的;有……性质的 passionate充满热情的fortunate幸运的 considerate考虑周到的 -ed 有……特征的 talented天才的cultured有教养的 -en 由……制成(或构成)的 golden金的woolen羊毛的wooden木制的 -ern 表示方向 eastern东方的southern南方的western西方的 northern北方的 -ful 充满……的;有……性质(或倾向)的 cheerful兴高采烈的peaceful和平的sorrowful悲伤的 -ic; -ical 与……有关的;动作(或行为)……的 economic经济的specific独特的historical (有关)历史的classical古典的 -ing 使人……的 amazing令人吃惊的challenging挑战性的 encouraging令人鼓舞的 -ish ……国家的;有……性质的 Turkish土耳其的childish孩子气的selfish自私的 -ive ……倾向的;……性质的 active活跃的;积极的creative创造性的 imaginative富于想象力的 -less 没有;无;不做;不受影响 useless无用的homeless无家可归的tireless不知疲倦的selfless无私的 -ous; -ious 有……性质的 nervous焦虑的courageous英勇的dangerous危险的 curious好奇的 -some 引起(或易于)……的 fearsome可怕的tiresome令人厌烦的 troublesome令人烦恼的 -y 充满……的;有……特性(倾向)的 sleepy困倦的hairy多毛的messy凌乱的 cloudy多云的 -ly 具有……性质;每隔……时间 friendly友好的lively生气勃勃的weekly每周的 4.构成副词的后缀 词缀 意义 例词 -ly 以……方式 hurriedly匆忙地widely广泛地happily幸福地 归纳总结 形容词变副词的变化规则 类别 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-ly quick—quickly correct—correctly free—freely 辅音字母+y结尾 把y变i,再加-ly easy—easily happy—happily le结尾 去e,加y possible—possibly probable—probably ll结尾 直接加y full—fully 特殊情况 去e,加-ly true—truly 1.有些形容词加上 ly后构成的副词意义与形容词有较大区别。 close 近的;亲密的→closely 密切地late 晚的→lately 最近;近来 2.大部分形容词加-ly 构成副词,但有些有-ly 后缀的不是副词而是形容词。 lonely独自的friendly友好的lively生动的lovely 可爱的ugly 丑陋的 1.We were touched by the of the welcome. (warm) 【答案】warmth 【详解】句意:我们被热烈的欢迎所感动。此处在介词后作宾语,用名词形式,故填warmth。 2.With the (develop) of science and technology, people can live a better life in the future. 【答案】development 【详解】句意:随着科技的发展,人们可以在未来过上更好的生活。with the development of…随着……的发展,固定短语,故填development。 3.Many (visit) came to the hometown of the great man during the vacation. 【答案】visitors 【详解】句意:许多游客在假期里来到这位伟人的家乡。此处是句子的主语,填名词;many修饰可数名词复数,visit的名词复数形式是visitors。故填visitors。 4.Li Na is a famous tennis     (play). 【答案】player 【详解】句意:李娜是一位著名的网球运动员。分析句子结构可知,此处应为名词作表语。player运动员,可数名词,由句中a可知,此处用其单数形式。故填player。 5.Wu Jing is a well-known ( direct). He is popular among film lovers. 【答案】director 【详解】句意:吴京是一位著名导演。他在电影爱好者中很受欢迎。句中空前 well-known“著名的”为形容词,作定语修饰名词,故此处应用所给单词的名词形式director“导演”,可数,由句中a可知,此处用其单数形式。故填director。 考点二 合成法 类别 例词 复合名词 greenhouse温室 horse-riding骑马sightseeing观光 sunbathing日光浴 cookbook烹饪书 breakdown故障income收入 make-up化妆品 feedback反馈的意见mother-in-law婆婆;岳母 复合形容词 full-time全日的;全职的hard-hearted无情的open-minded思想开放的 quick-witted机敏的three-year-old有三年之久的;三岁的ten-minute十分钟的 tax-free免税的airtight密闭的well-behaved行为端正的worn-out破烂不堪的 home-made自制的;家里做的self-confident自信的 复合代词 something某事;某物 anyone任何人nobody没有人everything每件事 whatever任何事物;一切事物 复合副词 somewhere在某处;到某处anywhere在任何地方 nowadays现在otherwise否则 sometimes有时;间或moreover此外;而且 downstairs在楼下 复合动词 overcome克服 sleepwalk梦游understand理解 sunbathe沐日光浴daydream幻想;空想 1.在“数词+名词(+形容词)”构成的复合形容词中,中间的名词不能用复数形式,必须用单数形式。 She is an 11-year-old girl.她是一个11岁的女孩。(11-year-old不能说成11-years-old) a six-foot-deep hole一个六英尺深的洞 a 100-meter race一场百米赛跑 考点三 转化法 They work (hard) to protect the artworks. 【答案】hard 【详解】句意:他们努力保护艺术品。根据句子结构可知,此处需要填入一个词来修饰动词“work”,表示他们工作的方式或程度。hard既可以作形容词表示“困难的”,也可以作副词表示“努力地”。在此句中,hard作为副词使用,修饰动词“work”,表示他们工作得很努力。故填hard。 转化方法 例词/句 动词→名词 guess v.猜出→n.猜测 Can you guess how many people there were? (v.) There might be about 20 people there, but that's just a rough guess.(n.) 名词→动词 paper n.纸→v.给……贴墙纸 She wrapped the present in pretty paper and put a bow on the top.(n.) He is papering the bedroom.(v.) 形容词→动词 empty adj.空的→v.把……腾出 I hate coming home to an empty house.(adj.) 形容词→动词 She emptied her purse onto the table.(v.) 形容词→名词 green adj.绿色的→n.绿色 Cairo has only thirteen square centimetres of green space for each inhabitant.(adj.) The painting featured a beautiful mixture of blues and greens.(n.) 一.用所给词的正确形式填空 1.My neighbour is a famous (sing) and she often does charity work. 【答案】singer 【详解】句意:我的邻居是一位著名的歌手,她经常做慈善工作。 “sing”唱歌,动词。句中famous著名的,形容词,作定语修饰名词,故空格处应为名词形式singer歌手,可数名词,再根据句中a可知,此处应用其单数形式,即我的邻居是一个著名的歌手。故答案为singer。 2.1 tried to talk with them, but they (agree) with me. 【答案】disagreed 【详解】句意:我试着和他们交谈,但他们不同意我的意见。 “agree”同意,动词。根据语境可知,我试图和他们交谈,句中“but”表转折,故他们不同意我的意见,故此处应为disagree不同意。根据句中tried可知,本句时态为一般过去时,故此处应用disagree的过去式。故答案为disagreed。 3.To my disappointment, the new movie is so (meaning). 【答案】meaningless 【详解】句意:令我失望的是,这部新电影太没意义了。 meaning意义,名词。根据To my disappointment“令我失望的是”,可知这部新电影太没意义了。 所以用meaningless“毫无意义的”,形容词,句中做系动词is的表语,故答案为meaningless。 4.He is a great (think) who created many classic cartoon characters. (动词变名词) 【答案】thinker 【详解】句意:他是一位伟大的思想家,创造了许多经典的卡通人物。think“想,认为”,是动词,空前有“a great”,此处应用名词thinker“思想家”,空前有a修饰,名词用单数形式,故填thinker。 5.The (appear) of the new cartoon has attracted millions of viewers. (动词变名词) 【答案】appearance 【详解】句意:这部新动画片的出现吸引了数百万观众。根据题干要求“动词变名词”可知,此处需要将动词appear转换为名词appearance,表示“出现”这一抽象概念,作句子主语,此处为不可数名词,故填appearance。 6.The (decide) to make a comic strip about environmental protection is wise. (动词变名词) 【答案】decision 【详解】句意:制作一部关于环境保护的连环漫画的决定是明智的。空处作句子主语,应用名词形式,decide“决定”,是动词,名词是decision,结合谓语“is”可知,主语是单数,此处名词用原形,故填decision。 7.The (require) for drawing cartoons include creativity and patience. (动词变名词) 【答案】requirements 【详解】句意:画漫画的要求包括创造力和耐心。空处在句中作主语,应用名词形式,结合句中动词“include”可知,此处名词应用复数形式,require“要求”,是动词,名词形式是requirement,复数直接在后面加s即可,故填requirements。 8.To be a good dentist, you need both skill and (patient). 【答案】patience 【详解】句意:要成为一名优秀的牙医,你既需要技术,也需要耐心。patient“耐心的”,这里需要和skill并列作动词need的宾语,所以要用patient的名词形式patience。故填patience。 9.With the help of the Internet, we can get much useful (know). 【答案】knowledge 【详解】句意:在互联网的帮助下,我们可以获得许多有用的知识。“much”修饰不可数名词,因此空格处应填一个不可数名词。“know”是动词,其对应的名词形式为 knowledge“知识”。get much useful knowledge意为“获得大量有用的知识”。故填knowledge。 10.Many new (communicate) tools have changed our life. 【答案】communication 【详解】句意:许多新的沟通工具改变了我们的生活。communicate“沟通”,动词;此处修饰名词“tools”,需用名词形式communication“沟通”作定语。故填communication。 11.The (achieve) of the scientist made everyone proud. 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意:这位科学家的成就让每个人都感到骄傲。achieve“达到”,动词,空前the修饰,用名词形式achievement“成就”。故填achievement。 12.After (separate), the two parts met again after 300 years. 【答案】separation 【详解】句意:分离之后,这两部分在300年后再次相遇。介词After后面需要接名词或动名词作宾语;separate是动词,对应的名词是separation,意为“分离,分开”,是不可数名词。故填separation。 13.We must pass the (beauty) art to the next generation. 【答案】beautiful 【详解】句意:我们必须把优美的艺术传递给下一代。根据句子结构可知,此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“art”,beauty是名词,意为“美丽”,其形容词形式是beautiful。故填beautiful。 14.The (connect) between man and nature is shown in the painting. 【答案】connection 【详解】句意:人与自然之间的关系在这幅画中得到了展现。根据“The…between man and nature”可知,此处缺一个名词,connect是动词,其名词形式为connection,表示“联系,关系”。故填connection。 15.The (rebuild) of the relics needs care. 【答案】rebuilding 【详解】句意:文物的重建工作需要呵护。根据“The”和“of”可知,此处需要一个名词作句子的主语。动词“rebuild”的名词形式是rebuilding,意为“重建(工作)”。故填rebuilding。 16.It’s a (mean) experience to learn about heritage. 【答案】meaningful 【详解】句意:了解文化遗产是一次有意义的经历。mean“意思”,动词,mean的形容词形式meaningful意为“有意义的”,修饰名词experience,作定语。故填meaningful。 17.The (nation) treasure is well protected. 【答案】national 【详解】句意:这个国家的珍宝被很好地保护着。根据“treasure”可知,此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“treasure”。名词“nation”的形容词形式是“national”,意为“国家的”。故填national。 18.The (discover) made her shocked. 【答案】discovery 【详解】句意:这个发现使她感到震惊。discover“发现”,动词,空格处在主语位置,且提示词discover 是动词,需变为名词形式,表示“这个发现”。discover变为discovery。故填discovery。 19.The caves are (wonder) places of art. 【答案】wonderful 【详解】句意:这些洞穴是奇妙的艺术场所。wonder“奇迹”,是名词,修饰名词places,用形容词,故填wonderful。 20.The (important) of heritage is known to all. 【答案】importance 【详解】句意:遗产的重要性众所周知。根据“The...of heritage”可知,横线处需填名词,important“重要的”,形容词,其名词形式为importance。the importance of“……的重要性”。故填importance。 21.We can learn a lot from (tradition) art. 【答案】traditional 【详解】句意:我们可以从传统艺术中学到很多。根据空后的“art”可知,此处需用所给词的形容词形式“traditional”修饰名词“art”。故填traditional。 22.The digital copies are (use) for study. 【答案】useful 【详解】句意:这些数字副本对学习很有用。根据“are”可知,此处需要一个形容词作表语。动词“use”的形容词形式是useful,意为“有用的”,“be useful for...”是固定搭配,表示“对……有用”。故填useful。 23.The (create) of the painting took many years. 【答案】creation 【详解】句意:这幅画的创作耗时多年。The + 名词 + of表示“……的……”,所以应用create的名词形式creation,意为“这幅画的创作”,在句中作主语。故填creation。 24.The (follow) years saw many changes. 【答案】following 【详解】句意:接下来的几年里发生了许多变化。follow“跟随”,此处修饰名词“years”,用形容词following“接下来的”,故填following。 25.The statues have high (valuable). 【答案】value 【详解】句意:这些雕像有很高的价值。valuable“有价值的”,是形容词,有形容词high修饰,用名词,故填value。 26.Many (visit) come to see the Mogao Caves every year. 【答案】visitors 【详解】句意:每年许多游客来看莫高窟。visit“参观”,是动词,visitor“游客”,是名词,有many修饰,用复数名词,故填visitors。 27.We feel (amaze) at the great painting. 【答案】amazed 【详解】句意:我们对这幅精美的画作感到十分惊叹。amaze“使惊奇”,设空处修饰“We”,作表语,amazed“吃惊的”符合题意。故填amazed。 28.The project is (success) at last. 【答案】successful 【详解】句意:这个项目终于成功了。success“成功”,名词,空格处在is后面,作表语,需要形容词形式,success变为形容词successful,故填successful。 29.This is a (legend) story about Chinese art. 【答案】legendary 【详解】句意:这是一个关于中国艺术的传奇故事。根据“This is a...story about Chinese art.”以及所给单词可知,应填legend的形容词形式legendary“传奇的”,作定语,修饰后面的名词story。故填legendary。 30.The (art) value of the caves is great. 【答案】artistic 【详解】句意:这些洞穴的艺术价值是巨大的。art“艺术”,根据“value”是名词可知,此处用形容词修饰名词,art的形容词是artistic,表示“艺术的”。故填artistic。 二.选词填空 (1) 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空 while    scare    intelligent    usual    poster 1.She is even more than her sister. 2.Once in a , I like to watch movies that are quiet. 3.My little brother likes movies. 4.Lucy thinks the dress is so common, and she’d like to wear something . 5.Look at that . It says there will be a concert this weekend. 【答案】1.intelligent 2.while 3.scary 4.unusual 5.poster 【解析】1.句意:她甚至比她姐姐更聪明。根据“more”和“than”可知,此处是形容词比较级,intelligent“聪明的”,其比较级是more intelligent。故填intelligent。 2.句意:偶尔,我喜欢看安静的电影。“once in a while”是固定短语,意为“偶尔”。故填while。 3.句意:我的弟弟喜欢恐怖电影。空处需要一个形容词修饰名词movies,“scare”表示“恐慌”,其形容词scary“恐怖的”,scary movies表示“恐怖电影”。故填scary。 4.句意:露西认为这条裙子太普通了,她想穿一些不同寻常的东西。根据“Lucy thinks the dress is so common”可知,她想穿不普通的衣服,所以应填usual的反义词“unusual”,表示“不同寻常的”。故填unusual。 5.句意:看那张海报。上面说这个周末有一场音乐会。根据“It says there will be a concert this weekend.”可知,此处指的是海报,poster意为“海报”,that后接可数名词单数。故填poster。 (2) 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空 fascinating    clerk    crowded    mall    corner 1.There is a wonderful cinema on the of New Street. 2.My mother works in a bank and she is a . 3.That morning, the street was so we could go through it easily. 4.Mount Hua is a place to visit. Thousands of visitors come here every year. 5.On weekends, my mother always hangs out in the and buys something on sale. 【答案】1.corner 2.clerk 3.uncrowded 4.fascinating 5.mall 【解析】1.句意:在新街的拐角处有一家很棒的电影院 。根据 “on the... of...” 的结构以及所给词汇,“corner” (拐角;角落) ,“on the corner of...” 是固定表达,意为 “在…… 的拐角处” ,符合描述电影院位置的语境,故填 corner。 2.句意:我妈妈在银行工作,她是一名职员。根据 “works in a bank”(在银行工作)以及所给词汇,“clerk” 表示 “职员” ,符合在银行工作的职业身份,前面有 “a”,用单数形式,故填 clerk。 3.句意:那天早上,街道不拥挤,所以我们能轻松穿过它。从 “could go through it easily”(能轻松穿过)可知街道的状态是不拥挤的,“crowded” 是 “拥挤的” ,其否定形式 “uncrowded” 表示 “不拥挤的” ,符合语境,故填  uncrowded。 4.句意:华山是个值得游览的迷人地方。每年有成千上万的游客来这儿。根据 “Thousands of visitors come here  every year”(每年有成千上万游客来)可知华山是有吸引力、迷人的地方,“fascinating” 意为 “迷人的;极有吸引力的”  ,修饰 “place” ,故填 fascinating。 5.句意:在周末,我妈妈总是在商场闲逛,买些促销商品。“hangs out”(闲逛)以及 “buys something on sale”(买促销商品)的场所,结合所给词汇,“mall”(商场;购物中心)符合语境,故填 mall。 (3) 选词填空。 pain   ill   lyric   wound   direct 1.He had a serious and became blind. 2.Going to the dentist is a(n) experience for most people. 3.There are three on the man’s body. 4.Her songs are famous for their . 5.I wonder who the of the new movie is. 【答案】1.illness 2.painful 3.wounds 4.lyrics 5.director 【解析】1.句意:他得了一场大病,然后失明了。根据“became blind”可知,这里是指他生病后才失明,所以该空要填名词,“ill生病的”对应的名词“illness疾病”符合语境。故填illness。 2.句意:对大多数人来说,看牙医是一种痛苦的经历。根据“Going to the dentist”可知,看牙医是不好的经历,这里要填“pain痛苦”的形容词“painful痛苦的”修饰空格后的“experience”作定语。故填painful。 3.句意:那人身上有三处伤口。根据“three”和“on the man’s body”可知,这里要填表示“伤口wound”的复数形式“wounds”。故填wounds。 4.句意:她的歌因歌词而出名。根据“Her songs”和“their”可知,这里表示歌词,所以“lyric歌词”符合语境,这里要用复数名词作宾语。故填lyrics。 5.句意:我想知道这部新电影的导演是谁。根据“ who the...of the new movie is”可知,这里是表示新电影的导演,所以要“direct指导”对应的名词“director导演”,结合动词is可知,这里要用单数名词。故填director。 (4) 请选择方框中所提供的单词或短语并使用其正确的形式将下列句子补充完整,每词限用一次。 agree;  person;  beat;  polite;  exact 1.We Team A yesterday and won the football match. 2.If I can get the of my parents, I can go out with my classmates at night. 3.It is to shout at people no matter who you are. 4.This house is large with a garden. It is what I want. 5.Please keep your things with you. There may be some thieves around. 【答案】1.beat 2.agreement 3.impolite 4.exactly 5.personal 【分析】1.句意:我们昨天打败了A队,赢得了足球赛。根据语境“我们昨天……了A队,赢得了足球赛”,考虑选择动词beat,意为“打败”,由“yesterday”推断此处填过去式形式,beat的过去式不变,故填beat。 2.句意:如果我能得到父母的同意,我可以晚上和同学出去。根据语境“如果我能得到父母的……我可以晚上和同学出去”,考虑选择动词agree,意为“同意”,根据“the...of”推断此处填名词形式,故填agreement。 3.句意:不管你是谁,对别人大喊大叫都是不礼貌的。根据语境“不管你是谁,对别人大喊大叫都是……的”,考虑选择形容词polite,意为“不礼貌”,由“大喊大叫”推断此处填其反义词形式,故填impolite。 4.句意:这房子很大,有花园。这的确是我想要的。根据语境“这房子很大,有花园,这……是我想要的”,考虑选择形容词exact,意为“的确”,因此处修饰be动词,推断此处填其副词形式,故填exactly。 5.句意:请随身携带你的私人物品。附近可能有小偷。根据语境“请随身携带你的私人物品”,考虑选择名词person,意为“私人”,由空后的名词“things”推断此处填其形容词形式,故填personal。 (5) lose, become, army, meaning, appear 1.I was surprised that Susan at Dave’s birthday party. 2.—My mother her umbrella yesterday. — Really? I’m sorry to hear that. 3.My brother doesn’t like scary movies. He thinks they’re . 4.I’m talented in music. My parents want me a successful singer. 5.When the came, all the people cheered up. 【答案】1.appeared 2.lost 3.meaningless 4.to become 5.army 【分析】1.句意:我很惊讶苏珊出现戴夫的生日派上。此处是从句的谓语,填动词;根据“at Dave’s birthday party”提示,备选词appear“出现”符合语境;句子陈述发生过的事情用一般过去时;故填appeared。 2.句意:-——我妈妈昨天把伞丢了。——真的吗?很遗憾听到这个消息。此处是从句的谓语,填动词;根据“Really? I’m sorry to hear that”可知上文是不幸的消息“丢了雨伞”;备选词lose“丢失”符合语境;根据“yesterday”可知句子是一般过去时;故填lost。 3.句意:我哥哥不喜欢恐怖电影。他认为它们毫无意义。此处填形容词与be动词构成系表结构;根据“doesn’t like scary movies”提示,可知此处指“觉得恐怖电影毫无意义”;用备选词meaning“意义”的派生词meaningless“无意义的”;故填meaningless。 4.句意:我在音乐方面很有天赋。我父母想我成为一名成功的歌手。根据“I’m talented in music”结合“a successful singer”提示,可知此处指“希望我成为一名歌手”;备选词become“成为、变成”符合语境;want sb to do sth“想要某人做某事”;可知填不定式;故填to become。 5.句意:当军队到来时,所有的人都欢呼起来。空格在定冠词后,填名词;备选词army“军队”符合语境,army是集合名词;故填army。 (6) 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其适当形式填空,使句子通顺。 excite      twenty-one   develop     polite    they 1.Do you know we are now living in the century? 2.He behaves so in public that no one likes him. 3.Today is Children's Day. The children are enjoying festival now. 4.All the people shouted when the soldiers saved the child from the bricks. 5.The of AI will enable us to learn more about our brains. 【答案】1.twenty-first 2.impolitely 3.their 4.excitedly 5.development 【解析】1.句意:你知道我们现在生活在21世纪么? 根据句意表示我们生活在21世纪,定冠词the后跟序数词,故基数词twenty-one要变成序数词。故答案填twenty-first。 2.句意:他在公共场合的行为如此不礼貌,以至于没有人喜欢他。 根据没人喜欢他可知是行为不礼貌;句子成分分析,空格处缺少副词修饰动词行为,故polite要变成不礼貌地。故答案填impolitely。 3.句意:今天是儿童节,现在孩子们正享受他们的节日呢。 根据句意表示孩子们正享受他们的节日,主格they要变成形容词性物主代词表示他们的。故答案填their。 4.句意:当士兵从砖块中救出孩子时,所有人都兴奋地大叫起来。 根据句意表示所有人都兴奋地大叫起来;句子成分分析,空格处缺少副词修饰动词大叫,故excite要变成副词表示兴奋地。故答案填excitedly。 5.句意:人工智能的发展将使我们更多地了解我们的大脑。 根据句意表示人工智能的发展将使我们更多地了解我们的大脑;句子成分分析,空格处缺少名词,故动词develop要变成名词发展development不可数名词。故答案填development。 (7) safe    I    close     seventy    invent 1.Thomas Edison, one of the greatest , created many useful things that are important to us today. 2.As G20 members, we should work together to overcome difficulties that lie ahead. 3.—A female wingsuit pilot lost her life when she was flying in Tianmenshan National Forest Park last month. —Sorry to hear that! Do remember that always comes first. 4.While tidying up my study, I was surprised to find a postcard I sent to years ago. 5.Though Dr. Li Lanjuan is in her , she still keeps on doing research on medicine. 【答案】1.inventors 2.closely 3.safety 4.myself 5.seventies 【解析】1.句意:托马斯·爱迪生,最伟大的发明家之一,创造了许多对我们今天很重要的有用的东西。 great伟大的,形容词修饰名词;one of其中之一,后接复数名词;根据“created many useful things that are important to us today创造了许多对我们今天很重要的有用的东西”,可知是发明家;结合所给单词提示,可知填inventors。 2.句意:作为二十国集团成员,我们要同舟共济,共克时艰。 work工作,动词需用副词修饰;work closely密切合作,根据句意结构和所给单词提示,可知填closely。 3.句意:——上个月,一名身着翼服的女飞行员在天门山国家森林公园飞行时丧生。——真遗憾听到这个消息!请记住,安全永远是第一位的。 本句是that用的宾语从句,从句缺主语;根据上文“A female wingsuit pilot lost her life when she was flying一名身着翼服的女飞行员在飞行时丧生”,可知是提醒注意安全;从句动词comes是三单形式,主语需是单数人称,可知填safety。 4.句意:整理书房时,我惊讶地发现一张多年前寄给自己的明信片。 send to sb.邮寄给某人,介词to后接宾格代词或反身代词做宾语;I是主格代词,不可做宾语;根据句意结构和所给单词提示,可知填myself。 5.句意:虽然李兰娟博士已经七十多岁了,但她仍然继续从事医学研究。 “in one’s +逢十的基数词的复数”表示人的年龄段;根据句意结构和所给单词提示,可知填seventies。 (8) 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其适当形式填空,使句子通顺。 invent  they  polite  wise  succeed 1.When our children feel we believe in them, they grow to believe in . 2.American   Thomas Edison, who was considered the father of sound recording, developed the photograph in 1877. 3.If you change your state and work hard, you have taken the first step for . 4.Learn to manage your time   and you will achieve a better balance between schoolwork and hobbies. 5.Some tourist act very   they make some marks on tourist sites to prove they have visited here. 【答案】1.themselves 2.inventor 3.success 4.wisely 5.impolitely 【解析】1.句意:当我们的孩子们感到我们信任他们,他们成长为信任他们自己。 前文“我们相信孩子们”,后文应该是“孩子们相信某人”,结合所给的单词以及下文主语they可知填反身代词,所以需要把they“他们”改为themselves“他们自己”。故答案为themselves。 2.句意:美国发明家托马斯·爱迪生被认为是录音之父,在1877年冲洗出照片。 根据后文“录音之父” 可知此处选invent“发明”,托马斯·爱迪生是一个人,需要加-or变成inventor发明家。故答案为inventor。 3.句意:如果你改变你的状态努力工作,你已经迈出了成功的第一步了。 根据句意“努力工作”,那么就能成功,选择succeed,它是动词,此处需要变成名词success,take the first step for success迈出成功的第一步。故答案为success。 4.句意:学会明智地管理你的时间,你会在学业和兴趣上取得一个更好的平衡。 根据后文“取得一个更好的平衡”,选择wise明智的,此处需要副词来修饰动词,所以加-ly。故答案为wisely。 5.句意:一些游客举止非常不文明,他们在一些旅游景点上做一些标记来证明他们到此游玩过。 根据后文“在旅游景点上做标记”可知举止不文明,没礼貌,polite加否定前缀im-后,还需变成副词词性来修饰动词act。故答案为impolitely。 (9) 选词填空,用方框内所给词的适当形式填空 Africa  necessary  official  drop  centre 1.Chinese is our language. 2.The park is in the part of our city. 3.It is quite to check the paper before you hand it in. 4.Egypt is a(n) country. It has a long history. 5.Temperatures can to zero at night in the area. 【答案】1.official 2.central 3.necessary 4.African 5.drop 【解析】1.句意:中文是我们的官方语言。 language语言,名词需用形容词修饰;official官方的/正式的,根据句意结构和所给单词提示,可知填official。 2.句意:公园在我们城市的中心。 名词part(部分)需用形容词修饰;the central part of……中心,根据句意结构和所给单词提示,可知填central。 3.句意:在你交论文之前,检查一下是很有必要的。 本句是固定句型“It’s + adj. + to do sth.”结构,程度副词quite(十分)修饰形容词;根据句意结构和所给单词提示,可知填necessary。 4.句意:埃及是一个非洲国家。它有着悠久的历史。 country国家,名词需用形容词修饰;根据句意结构和所给单词提示,可知填African。 5.句意:该地区夜间温度可降至零度。 情态动词can后接原形动词;drop下降,根据句意结构和所给单词提示,可知填drop。 (10) 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其适当形式填空,使句子通顺。 sure               we              strict               decide               pronounce 1.Safety check is much than ever before. 2.Every day, Mr Smith spends much time correcting our . 3.You should look up the word in the dictionary when you are of its spelling. 4.We often have different ideas. As a result, we find in heated discussions. 5. , as well as action is the key to success. 【答案】1.stricter 2.pronunciation 3.unsure 4.ourselves 5.Decision 【解析】1.句意:安全检查比以前严格得多。 根据than的比较结构,判断空格填形容词比较级;从“safety check”推断空格意为“更严格”;strict意为“严格”,形容词,其比较级为规则变化,词尾+er;故答案为stricter 。 2.句意:史密斯先生每天花很多时间纠正我们的发音。 空格在形容词性物主代词后面,判断填名词;根据句中的动词“correct”推断空格意为“语音”; pronounce意为“发音、读音”,动词;其相应的名词形式为pronunciation 意为“语音、读音”, 故答案为pronunciation 。 3.句意:当你不确定这个词的拼写时,你应该在字典里查一下。 空格在be动词后面,判断填形容词;根据“You should look up the word in the dictionary”—— 建议查字典,推断空格意为“不确定”;sure意为“相信”,形容词;加前缀un,unsure词义为“不确定”;故答案为 unsure 。 4.句意:我们经常有不同的想法。结果,我们陷入了激烈的讨论中。 空格在动词后面,判断空格是句子的宾语,填名词或代词;根据“We often have different ideas”—— 可知因为我们想法不同,我们自己陷入讨论;推断空格意为“我们自己”;主语是we,相应的反身代词为ourselves;故答案为 ourselves  。 5.句意:决定和行动是成功的关键。 根据as well as 并列成分要一致的原则,推断空格也填名词;从文字的表层意思推断空格意为“决定”;decide意为“决定”,动词,其相应的名词形式为decision;故答案为 Decision。 三.语法填空 (1) (2024深圳中考) Ole is a student from Norway at East China Normal School. He first visited China in 2016, and since then, he 1 (develop) a deep interest in traditional Chinese culture. Recently, he and his team won the Shanghai International Students Dragon Boat Race. It was the team’s 2 (six) win in a row and his second time winning the first prize. “I 3 (introduce) to the dragon boat racing in the spring of 2023. My teacher noticed my strong arms and encouraged me 4 (try) it,” said Ole. When he was asked the secret of his success, he replied, “There is no ‘I’, 5 only ‘we’. My teammates are international students coming 6 different countries. Before we became the champions, we practiced rowing three times a week, trying to match the strokes with drumbeat. At first, we weren’t very good. We did not know 7 the problem lay. However, with continuous effort, we learned that teamwork is the key. Although we are culturally different, we are one team in the race. Before each race, the team would stand in 8 circle and cheer loudly. “Taking part in this sport, we realized the 9 (important) of cooperation. We trained hard, each stroke bringing us a closer to understanding the tradition of Dragon Boat Festival,” said Ole 10 (proud). 【答案】 1.has developed 2.sixth 3.was introduced 4.to try 5.but 6.from 7.where 8.a 9.importance 10.proudly 【导语】本文主要讲述了留学生Ole参加中国的龙舟赛的经历。 1.句意:他于2016年首次来到中国,从那时起,他就对中国的传统文化产生了浓厚的兴趣。根据“since then”可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语为he,助动词用has。故填has developed。 2.句意:这是该队连续第六次获胜,也是他第二次获得冠军。根据“the team’s…win in a row”可知,此处应用序数词表示顺序。故填sixth。 3.句意:2023年春天,我开始接触龙舟比赛。根据“in the spring of 2023”可知,句子应用一般过去时,主语I与动词introduce存在被动关系,句子应用一般过去时的被动语态,be动词应用was。故填was introduced。 4.句意:我的老师注意到我结实的双臂,鼓励我去尝试它。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to try。 5.句意:没有“我”,只有“我们”。空格前后存在转折关系,根据“no”可知用“no…but…”表示“不是……而是……”,因此用but连接。故填but。 6.句意:我的队员们都是来自不同国家的国际学生。come from“来自”。故填from。 7.句意:我们不知道问题在哪里。know后接宾语从句,从句中主谓为the problem lay,缺少地点状语,因此用where引导该宾语从句。故填where。 8.句意:每次比赛前,整个团队会站成一个圆圈,大声地鼓劲。结合语境可知,此处表示泛指,circle为单数名词,且为辅音音素开头的单词,其前用不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。 9.句意:参加这项运动,我们意识到了合作的重要性。定冠词the后接名词。故填importance。 10.句意:Ole骄傲地说道:“参加这项运动,我们意识到了合作的重要性。我们刻苦训练,每一次划桨都让我们更加了解端午节的传统。”此处应用副词proudly修饰动词said。故填proudly。 (2) (2025苏州中考) 请认真阅读下面短文,在答题卡标有题号的横线上,填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On Pingjiang Road in Suzhou, 65-year-old Ms Wu runs a traditional tea house for 30years. She never expected 1 (oneself) to become a tea master who helped build a cultural bridge. It started in 2015 when a German tourist named Klaus walked into her shop. With the help of a phone app, Ms Wu 2 (patient) showed him the way to properly brew (沏) Biluochun, Suzhou’s famous green tea. Klaus returned every day that week and 3 (bring) more friends each time. Seeing how 4 (interest) they were in Chinese tea, Ms Wu started a weekly activity called “Tea Culture Saturdays”. She showed foreigners 5 to brew tea with traditional methods—from choosing the water temperature to 6 (follow) tea-making rules. Her daughter Lily, a college student, helped translate. Soon, her tea house was always crowded with 7 (visit), including students and business people from many places. “I used to think foreigners wouldn’t understand our tea culture, 8 they love it deeply. Some of them even treat their friends with Chinese tea at home,” Ms Wu said. One of her favourite 9 (moment) was when Sarah, a Canadian, gave her a notebook filled with tea notes written in both English and Chinese. “This is why I keep teaching,” Ms Wu said, showing 10 treasured notebook. Now, her tea house appears in travel guides as “Suzhou’s cultural living room”. For tourists, every cup of tea served is a window on the tea culture of this ancient city. 【答案】 1.herself 2.patiently 3.brought 4.interested 5.how 6.following 7.visitors 8.but 9.moments 10.the 【导语】本文讲述了苏州65岁的吴女士通过经营传统茶馆,意外成为促进中外茶文化交流的桥梁的故事。 1.句意:她从没预料到自己会成为一名帮助架起文化桥梁的茶艺师。主语为She,此处应用其反身代词herself指代她自己。故填herself。 2.句意:在一个手机应用程序的帮助下,吴女士耐心地向他展示如何正确冲泡苏州著名绿茶碧螺春。showed为动词,此处应用patient的副词patiently修饰动词。故填patiently。 3.句意:克劳斯在那一周的每一天都来,而且每次都会带来更多的朋友。根据“returned”可知句子应用一般过去时,谓语动词bring应用其过去式brought。故填brought。 45.句意:看到他们对中国茶如此感兴趣,吴女士发起了一个每周一次的名叫“茶文化星期六”的活动。根据“how…they were in Chinese tea”可知,该句为how引导的感叹句,be interested in“对……感兴趣”,how后接形容词。故填interested。 5.句意:她向外国游客展示如何用传统的方法泡茶——从水温选择到遵循茶道规则。根据“showed foreigners…to brew tea with traditional methods”可知,她展示泡茶的方式,用how+动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填how。 6.句意:她向外国游客展示如何用传统的方法泡茶——从水温选择到遵循茶道规则。根据“from choosing the water temperature”可知介词to后接follow的动名词following作宾语。故填following。 7.句意:很快,她的茶馆挤满了来自许多地方的学生和商务人士。根据“including students and business people from many places”可知,此处应用visit的名词visitor作宾语,且应用其复数形式表泛指。故填visitors。 8.句意:我曾以为外国人不懂我们的茶文化,但他们其实对此爱得深沉。前后两句存在转折关系,用but连接。故填but。 9.句意:她最珍视的时刻之一,就是加拿大游客萨拉送给她的一本写满中英文的茶道笔记。根据“One of her favourite”可知此处应用moment的复数形式。故填moments。 19.句意:吴女士展示着这本珍贵的笔记本说道:“这就是我坚持教学的原因。”根据上文“gave her a notebook filled with tea notes written in both English and Chinese”可知,此处应用定冠词the特指这本笔记本。故填the。 (3) (2025湖南中考) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have always loved reading books that were written hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These are the literature classics (文学经典), and they 1 (be) of lasting value. For example, The Iliad, written almost three thousand years ago, tells us about the good and bad qualities (品质) of human nature; that is to say, we can be heroic and silly at 2 same time. China has 3 (it) own long history of classical literature that dates back to the “Four Books and Five Classics”. These books 4 (write) before the Qin Dynasty. No one was considered educated unless they had read these classics. Even today, students are encouraged 5 (read) The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). There are also 6 (new) classics than those above, such as Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Still, many people don’t want to read them 7 they are long and have complex plots (复杂的情节). But they are great 8 (story) which also show the goodness and weakness of human nature. Are you interested 9 learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the basis (基础) of culture then. They will also help you better understand yourself and others. 10 (slow) but surely, you will fall in love with them. 【答案】 1.are 2.the 3.its 4.were written 5.to read 6.newer 7.because 8.stories 9.in 10.Slowly 【导语】本文讲述了作者之前喜欢读最新出版的书,后来喜欢上读有永久价值的“旧”书的故事。 1.句意:这些便是文学经典之作,它们具有永恒的价值。本句时态是一般现在时,主语是复数,故填are。 2.句意:例如,约三千年前创作的《伊利亚特》一书向我们展示了人性中的善与恶;也就是说,我们有时可以表现出英勇的一面,有时又会显得愚蠢。at the same time“同时”,固定短语,故填the。 3.句意:中国有着悠久的古典文学历史,其源头可追溯至“四书五经”。此处作定语修饰其后的名词短语,用形容词性物主代词形式,故填its。 4.句意:这些书籍是在秦朝之前写成的。本句主语是动作的承受者,时态是过去时,主语是复数,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were written。 5.句意:即使在今天,学生们仍被鼓励阅读《论语》这部著作。be encouraged to do sth“被鼓励去做某事”,故填to read。 6.句意:还有比上述作品更新的经典作品,比如《西游记》和《红楼梦》。根据“than”可知,此处应使用比较级,故填newer。 7.句意:不过,仍有许多人不愿去读这些书,因为它们篇幅很长,情节也十分复杂。“they are long and have complex plots”是“many people don’t want to read them”的原因,用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 8.句意:但这些都是精彩的故事,同时也展现了人性中的美好与缺陷。根据“they are”可知,此处应使用名词复数形式,故填stories。 9.句意:你是否对了解经典著作感兴趣呢?be interested in“对……感兴趣”,固定短语,故填in。 10.句意:慢慢地但毫无疑问,你会爱上它们的。此处与“surely”并列,使用副词形式,句首需大写首字母,故填Slowly。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题01 构词法(复习讲义)(北京专用) 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 派生法 考点二 转化法 考点三 合成法 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 英语的构词法主要有三种:合成法、派生法、转化法。在这几年北京市英语中考试题中,直接考查构词法的并不多,但在阅读理解所涉及的构词法考查面比较广,因此仍然应该引起学生重视。 热考角度 1. 间接考查为主:构词法一般不直接出题考查,而是融入在阅读理解、完形填空等语篇中。通过让学生理解含有构词法生成的新词的句子或段落,来考查学生对构词法的掌握程度,比如在阅读中出现“unlucky’“disappear”等通过派生法构成的词。 2. 强调语境理解:注重考查学生在具体语境中利用构词法推断生词含义的能力。例如,在一篇关于环保的文章中出现“recycle”一词,学生需要根据“re-”这个前缀表示“重新,再次”的含义,以及上下文语境,理解其“回收利用”的意思。 3.结合多种技能:构词法知识的考查常与阅读、写作等技能相结合。在阅读中,学生要通过构词法理解生词,辅助阅读理解;在写作中,学生可能会运用构词法来丰富词汇表达,如用“hard-working”来描述一个人的品质。 命题预测 1. 语境化:越来越注重在具体语境中考查运用。 2. 生活化:选材多与日常生活、社会热点等相关,让学生在熟悉的情境中运用。 考点一 派生法 1.The noise made sleep (possible), so I got up and read a book. 2.They built (wood) bridges over the river. 一、常用前缀 1.否定前缀 词缀 含义 例词 ab-;abs- 相反;变坏;离去 abuse滥用;虐待abnormal反常的 un- 不;未;非;反 unable不能的unknown未知的unusual不寻常的 dis- 不;非;相反 disadvantage不利因素disagree不同意 in-(变体im-;ir-;il-) 不;非;无 incorrect不正确的inactive不活跃的 impatient不耐烦的impolite不礼貌的 irregular不规则的illegal不合法的 mis- 坏(或错)的;糟糕(或错误)地 mistake错误misunderstand误解 2.初中阶段其他常用前缀 (1)表示时间、序列、位置的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 re- 又;再;重新 rebuild重建 fore- 先于;预先 forecast预报 pre- 在……前 prewar战前的 sub- 在……下面 subway地铁 ex- 前任 ex-president前总统 post- 后;以后 postgraduate研究生postwar战后的 under- 在下面;在……之下;不足 undersea海底的underline在……下画线 (2)表示比较程度差别、数量关系的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 over- 太;过于 overpopulation人口过多 micro- 微小的 microwave微波 multi- 多个;许多 multimedia多媒体的 vice- 副 vice-president副总统 sub- 亚于;分支 subtitle副标题 semi- 半 semi-final半决赛 tri- 三 triangle三角形 (3)引起词性变化的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 a- 处于……状态 asleep睡着的 en- 使…… enlarge扩大 (4)表示其他含义的前缀 前缀 含义 示例 tele- 远的 telephone电话television电视 auto- 自动的;自己的 automatic自动的autobiography自传 eco- 生态的 ecosystem生态系统 inter- 在……之间;相互的 international国际的Internet网络 interview采访;会见interact相互作用 trans- 穿越;从……到 transatlantic横渡大西洋的translate翻译transplant移植 二、常用后缀 1.构成名词的后缀 词缀 含义 例词 -al 表示过程或状态 survival幸存arrival到达 -an;-ian;-ean ……地方的人;……时期的人 Asian 亚洲人Brazilian巴西人Roman古罗马人 专长于……的人; ……地方的人 European欧洲人mathematician数学家magician魔术师 -ance;-ence 表示行动或状况 appearance出现;外貌importance重要性 confidence信心 -ant;-ent ……人; ……事物 accountant会计applicant申请人president总统 resident居民;住户 -arian 相信……的人;实行……的人 librarian图书管理员vegetarian素食者 -ary 与……有关的人/物 boundary边界;界限secretary秘书 -cy 具有……的状态(或性质) accuracy准确性diplomacy外交 -dom 表示状况或状态 wisdom智慧 freedom自由 表示职位、地位、领域 kingdom王国 -eer 与……有关的人 engineer工程师;技师pioneer先锋;开拓者volunteer志愿者 -er;-or ……的人或物 astronomer天文学家reporter记者creator创造者 inventor发明者;发明家 -ese ……国(或城市)的人;……国(或城市)的语言 Chinese中国人;汉语Portuguese葡萄牙人;葡萄牙语Japanese日本人;日语 -ess 女…… hostess女主人actress女演员waitress女服务员 -hood ……的状态(或性质);(某类人的)集体 childhood儿童时期livelihood生计neighborhood街区;居住区 -ibility 可……性; 易……性 possibility可能性flexibility灵活性responsibility责任 -ics ……的科学(或艺术、活动) mathematics数学physics物理学athletics田径运动 -ing 行动或过程的产物或结果 feeling感觉;感受building建筑物training培训;训练 -ion;-sion;-tion;-ation ……行为;……状态 fashion时髦discussion讨论competition竞争 information信息 -ist ……的信仰者;从事……的人;……使用者 socialist社会主义者scientist科学家dentist牙科医生violinist小提琴手 -ity;-ty ……性质;……状态 personality个性safety安全 -logy;-ology 学科;科目 biology生物学technology技术psychology心理学 -ment ……的行为(或结果) achievement成就;成绩development发展 advertisement广告agreement协定;协议 -ness ……的性质(或状态、特点) blindness失明kindness善良darkness黑暗 -ship 表示状态、性质、地位、职位、集体 friendship友谊championship锦标赛scholarship奖学金membership(统称)会员 -th 表示动作或过程 growth生长width宽度;广度truth真相 -ure ……的行动(或过程、结果等) pleasure高兴;满意closure关闭failure失败 -y ……的动作(或过程) discovery发现;发觉jealousy忌妒inquiry询问 2.构成动词的后缀 词缀 含义 例词 -en 使;使成为;变得 worsen使变得更糟weaken削弱broaden加宽 -ify 使得;变成 simplify使简化classify分类beautify美化 -ize -ise(为英式英语拼写) 成为;使;使像;以……方式说(或想、行动、对待等) civilize教化;开化realize意识到;实现 criticize批评memorize记住 3.构成形容词的后缀 词缀 意义 例词 -able -ible 能……的;应……的; 具有……性质的 acceptable可接受的comfortable舒适的 flexible灵活的;能适应新情况的 -al -ial 与……有关的 verbal言语的natural自然的facial面部的 artificial人工的;人造的 -an -ian -ean 来自;有……特征的 suburban郊区的African非洲的Canadian加拿大的 European欧洲的 -ate 充满……的;有……性质的 passionate充满热情的fortunate幸运的 considerate考虑周到的 -ed 有……特征的 talented天才的cultured有教养的 -en 由……制成(或构成)的 golden金的woolen羊毛的wooden木制的 -ern 表示方向 eastern东方的southern南方的western西方的 northern北方的 -ful 充满……的;有……性质(或倾向)的 cheerful兴高采烈的peaceful和平的sorrowful悲伤的 -ic; -ical 与……有关的;动作(或行为)……的 economic经济的specific独特的historical (有关)历史的classical古典的 -ing 使人……的 amazing令人吃惊的challenging挑战性的 encouraging令人鼓舞的 -ish ……国家的;有……性质的 Turkish土耳其的childish孩子气的selfish自私的 -ive ……倾向的;……性质的 active活跃的;积极的creative创造性的 imaginative富于想象力的 -less 没有;无;不做;不受影响 useless无用的homeless无家可归的tireless不知疲倦的selfless无私的 -ous; -ious 有……性质的 nervous焦虑的courageous英勇的dangerous危险的 curious好奇的 -some 引起(或易于)……的 fearsome可怕的tiresome令人厌烦的 troublesome令人烦恼的 -y 充满……的;有……特性(倾向)的 sleepy困倦的hairy多毛的messy凌乱的 cloudy多云的 -ly 具有……性质;每隔……时间 friendly友好的lively生气勃勃的weekly每周的 4.构成副词的后缀 词缀 意义 例词 -ly 以……方式 hurriedly匆忙地widely广泛地happily幸福地 归纳总结 形容词变副词的变化规则 类别 构成方法 例词 一般情况 直接加-ly quick—quickly correct—correctly free—freely 辅音字母+y结尾 把y变i,再加-ly easy—easily happy—happily le结尾 去e,加y possible—possibly probable—probably ll结尾 直接加y full—fully 特殊情况 去e,加-ly true—truly 1.有些形容词加上 ly后构成的副词意义与形容词有较大区别。 close 近的;亲密的→closely 密切地late 晚的→lately 最近;近来 2.大部分形容词加-ly 构成副词,但有些有-ly 后缀的不是副词而是形容词。 lonely独自的friendly友好的lively生动的lovely 可爱的ugly 丑陋的 1.We were touched by the of the welcome. (warm) 2.With the (develop) of science and technology, people can live a better life in the future. 3.Many (visit) came to the hometown of the great man during the vacation. 4.Li Na is a famous tennis     (play). 5.Wu Jing is a well-known ( direct). He is popular among film lovers. 考点二 合成法 类别 例词 复合名词 greenhouse温室 horse-riding骑马sightseeing观光 sunbathing日光浴 cookbook烹饪书 breakdown故障income收入 make-up化妆品 feedback反馈的意见mother-in-law婆婆;岳母 复合形容词 full-time全日的;全职的hard-hearted无情的open-minded思想开放的 quick-witted机敏的three-year-old有三年之久的;三岁的ten-minute十分钟的 tax-free免税的airtight密闭的well-behaved行为端正的worn-out破烂不堪的 home-made自制的;家里做的self-confident自信的 复合代词 something某事;某物 anyone任何人nobody没有人everything每件事 whatever任何事物;一切事物 复合副词 somewhere在某处;到某处anywhere在任何地方 nowadays现在otherwise否则 sometimes有时;间或moreover此外;而且 downstairs在楼下 复合动词 overcome克服 sleepwalk梦游understand理解 sunbathe沐日光浴daydream幻想;空想 1.在“数词+名词(+形容词)”构成的复合形容词中,中间的名词不能用复数形式,必须用单数形式。 She is an 11-year-old girl.她是一个11岁的女孩。(11-year-old不能说成11-years-old) a six-foot-deep hole一个六英尺深的洞 a 100-meter race一场百米赛跑 考点三 转化法 They work (hard) to protect the artworks. 转化方法 例词/句 动词→名词 guess v.猜出→n.猜测 Can you guess how many people there were? (v.) There might be about 20 people there, but that's just a rough guess.(n.) 名词→动词 paper n.纸→v.给……贴墙纸 She wrapped the present in pretty paper and put a bow on the top.(n.) He is papering the bedroom.(v.) 形容词→动词 empty adj.空的→v.把……腾出 I hate coming home to an empty house.(adj.) 形容词→动词 She emptied her purse onto the table.(v.) 形容词→名词 green adj.绿色的→n.绿色 Cairo has only thirteen square centimetres of green space for each inhabitant.(adj.) The painting featured a beautiful mixture of blues and greens.(n.) 一.用所给词的正确形式填空 1.My neighbour is a famous (sing) and she often does charity work. 2.1 tried to talk with them, but they (agree) with me. 3.To my disappointment, the new movie is so (meaning). 4.He is a great (think) who created many classic cartoon characters. (动词变名词) 5.The (appear) of the new cartoon has attracted millions of viewers. (动词变名词) 6.The (decide) to make a comic strip about environmental protection is wise. (动词变名词) 7.The (require) for drawing cartoons include creativity and patience. (动词变名词) 8.To be a good dentist, you need both skill and (patient). 9.With the help of the Internet, we can get much useful (know). 10.Many new (communicate) tools have changed our life. 11.The (achieve) of the scientist made everyone proud. 12.After (separate), the two parts met again after 300 years. 13.We must pass the (beauty) art to the next generation. 14.The (connect) between man and nature is shown in the painting. 15.The (rebuild) of the relics needs care. 16.It’s a (mean) experience to learn about heritage. 17.The (nation) treasure is well protected. 18.The (discover) made her shocked. 19.The caves are (wonder) places of art. 20.The (important) of heritage is known to all. 21.We can learn a lot from (tradition) art. 22.The digital copies are (use) for study. 23.The (create) of the painting took many years. 24.The (follow) years saw many changes. 25.The statues have high (valuable). 26.Many (visit) come to see the Mogao Caves every year. 27.We feel (amaze) at the great painting. 28.The project is (success) at last. 29.This is a (legend) story about Chinese art. 30.The (art) value of the caves is great. 二.选词填空 (1) 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空 while    scare    intelligent    usual    poster 1.She is even more than her sister. 2.Once in a , I like to watch movies that are quiet. 3.My little brother likes movies. 4.Lucy thinks the dress is so common, and she’d like to wear something . 5.Look at that . It says there will be a concert this weekend. (2) 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空 fascinating    clerk    crowded    mall    corner 1.There is a wonderful cinema on the of New Street. 2.My mother works in a bank and she is a . 3.That morning, the street was so we could go through it easily. 4.Mount Hua is a place to visit. Thousands of visitors come here every year. 5.On weekends, my mother always hangs out in the and buys something on sale. (3) 选词填空。 pain   ill   lyric   wound   direct 1.He had a serious and became blind. 2.Going to the dentist is a(n) experience for most people. 3.There are three on the man’s body. 4.Her songs are famous for their . 5.I wonder who the of the new movie is. (4) 请选择方框中所提供的单词或短语并使用其正确的形式将下列句子补充完整,每词限用一次。 agree;  person;  beat;  polite;  exact 1.We Team A yesterday and won the football match. 2.If I can get the of my parents, I can go out with my classmates at night. 3.It is to shout at people no matter who you are. 4.This house is large with a garden. It is what I want. 5.Please keep your things with you. There may be some thieves around. (5) lose, become, army, meaning, appear 1.I was surprised that Susan at Dave’s birthday party. 2.—My mother her umbrella yesterday. — Really? I’m sorry to hear that. 3.My brother doesn’t like scary movies. He thinks they’re . 4.I’m talented in music. My parents want me a successful singer. 5.When the came, all the people cheered up. (6) 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其适当形式填空,使句子通顺。 excite      twenty-one   develop     polite    they 1.Do you know we are now living in the century? 2.He behaves so in public that no one likes him. 3.Today is Children's Day. The children are enjoying festival now. 4.All the people shouted when the soldiers saved the child from the bricks. 5.The of AI will enable us to learn more about our brains. (7) safe    I    close     seventy    invent 1.Thomas Edison, one of the greatest , created many useful things that are important to us today. 2.As G20 members, we should work together to overcome difficulties that lie ahead. 3.—A female wingsuit pilot lost her life when she was flying in Tianmenshan National Forest Park last month. —Sorry to hear that! Do remember that always comes first. 4.While tidying up my study, I was surprised to find a postcard I sent to years ago. 5.Though Dr. Li Lanjuan is in her , she still keeps on doing research on medicine. (8) 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其适当形式填空,使句子通顺。 invent  they  polite  wise  succeed 1.When our children feel we believe in them, they grow to believe in . 2.American   Thomas Edison, who was considered the father of sound recording, developed the photograph in 1877. 3.If you change your state and work hard, you have taken the first step for . 4.Learn to manage your time   and you will achieve a better balance between schoolwork and hobbies. 5.Some tourist act very   they make some marks on tourist sites to prove they have visited here. (9) 选词填空,用方框内所给词的适当形式填空 Africa  necessary  official  drop  centre 1.Chinese is our language. 2.The park is in the part of our city. 3.It is quite to check the paper before you hand it in. 4.Egypt is a(n) country. It has a long history. 5.Temperatures can to zero at night in the area. (10) 请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其适当形式填空,使句子通顺。 sure               we              strict               decide               pronounce 1.Safety check is much than ever before. 2.Every day, Mr Smith spends much time correcting our . 3.You should look up the word in the dictionary when you are of its spelling. 4.We often have different ideas. As a result, we find in heated discussions. 5. , as well as action is the key to success. 三.语法填空 (1) (2024深圳中考) Ole is a student from Norway at East China Normal School. He first visited China in 2016, and since then, he 1 (develop) a deep interest in traditional Chinese culture. Recently, he and his team won the Shanghai International Students Dragon Boat Race. It was the team’s 2 (six) win in a row and his second time winning the first prize. “I 3 (introduce) to the dragon boat racing in the spring of 2023. My teacher noticed my strong arms and encouraged me 4 (try) it,” said Ole. When he was asked the secret of his success, he replied, “There is no ‘I’, 5 only ‘we’. My teammates are international students coming 6 different countries. Before we became the champions, we practiced rowing three times a week, trying to match the strokes with drumbeat. At first, we weren’t very good. We did not know 7 the problem lay. However, with continuous effort, we learned that teamwork is the key. Although we are culturally different, we are one team in the race. Before each race, the team would stand in 8 circle and cheer loudly. “Taking part in this sport, we realized the 9 (important) of cooperation. We trained hard, each stroke bringing us a closer to understanding the tradition of Dragon Boat Festival,” said Ole 10 (proud). (2) (2025苏州中考) 请认真阅读下面短文,在答题卡标有题号的横线上,填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On Pingjiang Road in Suzhou, 65-year-old Ms Wu runs a traditional tea house for 30years. She never expected 1 (oneself) to become a tea master who helped build a cultural bridge. It started in 2015 when a German tourist named Klaus walked into her shop. With the help of a phone app, Ms Wu 2 (patient) showed him the way to properly brew (沏) Biluochun, Suzhou’s famous green tea. Klaus returned every day that week and 3 (bring) more friends each time. Seeing how 4 (interest) they were in Chinese tea, Ms Wu started a weekly activity called “Tea Culture Saturdays”. She showed foreigners 5 to brew tea with traditional methods—from choosing the water temperature to 6 (follow) tea-making rules. Her daughter Lily, a college student, helped translate. Soon, her tea house was always crowded with 7 (visit), including students and business people from many places. “I used to think foreigners wouldn’t understand our tea culture, 8 they love it deeply. Some of them even treat their friends with Chinese tea at home,” Ms Wu said. One of her favourite 9 (moment) was when Sarah, a Canadian, gave her a notebook filled with tea notes written in both English and Chinese. “This is why I keep teaching,” Ms Wu said, showing 10 treasured notebook. Now, her tea house appears in travel guides as “Suzhou’s cultural living room”. For tourists, every cup of tea served is a window on the tea culture of this ancient city. (3) (2025湖南中考) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have always loved reading books that were written hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These are the literature classics (文学经典), and they 1 (be) of lasting value. For example, The Iliad, written almost three thousand years ago, tells us about the good and bad qualities (品质) of human nature; that is to say, we can be heroic and silly at 2 same time. China has 3 (it) own long history of classical literature that dates back to the “Four Books and Five Classics”. These books 4 (write) before the Qin Dynasty. No one was considered educated unless they had read these classics. Even today, students are encouraged 5 (read) The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). There are also 6 (new) classics than those above, such as Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Still, many people don’t want to read them 7 they are long and have complex plots (复杂的情节). But they are great 8 (story) which also show the goodness and weakness of human nature. Are you interested 9 learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the basis (基础) of culture then. They will also help you better understand yourself and others. 10 (slow) but surely, you will fall in love with them. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题01 构词法(复习讲义)(北京专用)2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测
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专题01 构词法(复习讲义)(北京专用)2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测
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专题01 构词法(复习讲义)(北京专用)2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测
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