专题12 阅读理解1 细节理解题、词义猜测题（复习讲义）（北京专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题12 阅读理解1 细节理解题、词义猜测题（复习讲义）（北京专用） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 细节理解题 考点二 词义猜测题 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 从命题内容上看，主要考查在记叙文体的细节理解、词义猜测题。 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 阅读理解 B篇第24、25小题 C篇第29小题 D篇第31小题 B篇第24、25、26小题 C篇第27小题 D篇第31小题 B篇第24、25、26小题 C篇第27、28小题 D篇第31、32小题 命题预测 主要在阅读理解B、C两题中考查。 细节理解题 直接细节理解题在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who， what，when，where，why和how等提问。说明文和叙述文的阅读题有相当一部分是此类题。 间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，依靠主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系进行加工或整理后方能得出结论 词义猜测题 词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。 考点一 细节理解题 细节理解题在阅读理解中所占比重较大，一般基于语篇具体细节信息设题，主要出现在B篇、C篇，最关键的解题方法是利用题干中的关键信息到文中定位。 直接细节题 直接定位法（题干关键信息与原文表述相近） 例 [2024北京B篇节选] Scott went home one day and looked online, hoping to find ideas for events the club could organize at school. During his research, he learned that the amount（数量） of electronic waste, or e-waste, is increasing rapidly. Scott was upset with himself for not noticing this problem sooner. At that moment, he began to develop a plan. 问：What did Scott learn during his research online? A. Students are enthusiastic about recycling. B. There is a lot of waste recycled every year. C. The amount of e-waste is increasing rapidly. D. There are many recycling clubs in the country. 解题步骤 Step 1 画出题干关键信息。 Step 2 到文中定位。 Step 3 对比选项。 由题干中的Scott learn和during his research定位到文中画线部分，C选项与原文表述一致。 同义替换细节题 1选项内容转换法（选项是原文的同义转述） 例 [2024北京B篇节选] At the end of the event, Scott heard someone suggest that the school should have an e-drive event every term. Scott smiled, realizing that a simple action could truly have a lasting influence. 问：What did Scott realize at the end of the e-drive event? A. Environmental problems could be solved. B. A simple action could bring a long-term effect. C. Teamwork is valuable for the success of events. D. Family members are interested in school activities. 解题步骤 Step 1 画出题干关键信息。 Step 2 到文中定位。 Step 3 对比选项，找与原文意思一致的选项。 B选项中的 bring a long-term effect是原文中have a lasting influence的同义转述。 2 题干信息转换法（题干关键信息与原文内容语义相近） 例 [2023北京C篇节选] Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste? According to the United Nations （UN）, every year around the world, about one billion（十亿） tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide （CO2）, which speeds up climate（气候） change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem? 问：According to the passage， what is a possible result of food waste？ A. The problem of worldwide hunger. B. A big increase in food production. C. The speed-up of climate change. D. A sudden drop in population. 解题步骤 Step 1 画出题干关键信息。 Step 2 信息转换，到文中定位。 题干中的a possible result of food waste对应原文中the wasted food produces...，由此找到题干对应的原文内容。 Step 3 对比选项。 C选项与题干对应的原文内容相符。 考点二 词义猜测题 词义猜测题是中考必考题，只考1题，出现在C篇或D篇。考生需要理解画线生词（或词块）所在段落中的主题语境，以及研读画线生词（或词块）的上下句，从而选出最贴近作者意图的英文释义。该题型常见的设题方式和解题方法如下所示： ◇The underlined word “...” means . ◇The words “...” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean . ◇What does the word “...” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? ◇What's the meaning of the underlined word? ◇The words “...” in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to __. 借助上下文语境 从设题角度来看，词义猜测题一般都有明显的上下文提示，因此需要找到所猜词所在句与上下文的关系，包括对比关系、并列关系、因果关系、例证关系、指代关系等；也会有定义解释关系，如用定语从句或同位语解释画线词，有时全段解释画线生词。 1.对比关系 例 [2023北京D篇节选] Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. For example, everybody takes pleasure in eating. However, to enjoy food is more difficult—you have to pay enough attention to a meal, so as to sense and tell its various tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. A person can feel pleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated（刺激）. But it's impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It's for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging. The words “psychic energy” in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to _ _ _ _ . A. attention B. interest C. ability D. knowledge 解题步骤 Step 1 定位画线生词位置。 Step 2 若上下文有表示对比的词，如while（然而）、however、but、yet、rather than（而不是）、instead of、in fact等，则说明前后表达的内容相反，由此找到与画线词对应的内容，推测画线词词义。 Step 3 找到与对应原文意思一致的选项。 while（然而）表明前后对比，while前面表达的是“不需要任何……”，后面表达的是“全部注意力（attention）的结果”，因此推测出所猜词组与attention意思相近。 2.因果关系 例 [2022北京C篇节选] Look into what the company tells us about their product. It's easy to say that a product is “green” or “all natural”， but the words may be too good to be true., much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible. The words “be taken with a grain of salt” in Paragraph 5 probably mean “_ _ _ _ ”. A. be easily understood B. not be completely believed C. be widely spread D. not be quickly forgotten 解题步骤 Step 1 定位画线内容的位置。 Step 2 若上下文中有表示因果关系的词，如since、as、because、for、so、thus、as a result、for this reason、so that、so...that等，则找出画线内容所在句对应的原因/结果。 Step 3 找到与对应内容意思相近的选项。 画线内容所在句对应的原因是前一句，该句指出对这些产品的宣传可能好得令人难以置信，由此可判断其结果是人们不应该完全相信产品信息，B选项正确。 3.代词指向 例 [2020北京D篇节选] Firstly, we should think about the health care experience as a whole. A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist（接待员）, who can see and tell how a patient is doing. This may influence the treatment effect. It's unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition. The word “intuition” in Paragraph 5 probably means_ _ _ _ . A. an ability to understand B. an interesting experience C. a chance to win D. a fair decision 解题步骤 Step 1 定位画线生词位置。 Step 2 若上下文有与画线词相关的代词，如it、such、this、that、the one等，则找到代词指代内容来解释画线词。 Step 3 找到与对应原文意思相符的选项。 画线词前面有such（这样的），说明前文出现过画线词所表示的具体内容，即“能看见并判断病人的状况”，A选项“理解能力”与之意思相符。 4.举例说明 例 [2024房山二模D篇节选] It's okay to help others, but being an echoist can sometimes lose your own interests. Echoists always try their best to prioritize others.For example, echoists might choose to make sure someone else is happy instead of caring about their own needs. Remember as long as it doesn't harm the collective good, you are the most important person in your life, and it's fair for your needs to come first sometimes. The word “prioritize” in Paragraph 5 probably means _ _ _ _ . A. look down upon B. give first place to C. catch up with D. depend on 解题步骤 Step 1 定位画线生词位置。 Step 2 判断画线生词前后是否有for example、like、such as、as this example suggests等词或者破折号后举的例子。 Step 3 找出与文中所举的例子相符合的选项。 下文例子指出“回声者可能会选择确保别人快乐，而不是关心他们自己的需求”，即把他人的需求放前面，因此B选项正确。 5.解释说明法 例 [2023丰台二模D篇节选] Space exploration has triggered advances in science and technology which have benefited humans and improved the quality of life on Earth. These benefits are related to space technology such as satellite communications, global positioning system（GPS） and weather forecasting. The development of satellite technology, for instance, makes telecommunications possible, connecting people from different parts of the world through satellite television, phones, radio and Internet access. The words “triggered advances” in Paragraph 2 probably mean “_ _ _ _ ” . A. led to great progress B. slowed down the speed C. set back future growth D. caught up with the development 解题步骤 Step 1 定位画线生词位置。 Step 2 若画线生词后有定语从句、同位语、that is to say或破折号、冒号、引号等标点符号引出的内容，则这些内容可能是对画线生词的解释说明。 Step 3 找出符合原文对画线生词的解释说明的选项。 which引导的定语从句的先行词是advances in science and technology，对其进行补充说明，意为“使人类受益并提高在地球上的生活质量”，A选项“带来巨大进步”与之相符。同时，这一整段都是在介绍宇宙探索带来的进步。 借助构词法推测 有些设题的生词是通过构词法合成或派生而成的，推测词义时可借助构词法。合成词指由两个或多个词合成的词，派生词指通过加前缀或后缀的方式改变词义或词性而成的新词。 例 [2025 平谷一模D篇节选] Studying primates（灵长类）helps us understand our own social behaviors. This research also highlights the importance of communication in forming, building and keeping social ties. By understanding these behaviors, we can better appreciate the social nature of primates and humans alike. 问：What does the word “highlights” in the last paragraph mean? A. draws attention to B. passes over C. leaves out D. builds up 解题步骤 Step 1 借助构词法推测画线生词可能的含义。 highlight是合成词，由high和light合成，可能表示的意思是“高光；高亮”。 Step 2 借助画线生词所在句理解。 highlight在文中作动词，表示“……某事的重要性”。 Step 3 对比选项，找出最恰当的释义。 A选项“引起注意”，B选项“忽略”，C选项“排除”，D选项“加强”，“高光”转换为动词贴近“强调”，即“引起注意”，且“强调某事的重要性”符合原文逻辑，因此A选项正确。 （2025·北京东城·二模） I call this “boomerasking”. Like a boomerang, boomeraskers ask a question, let their partner answer and then immediately bring the focus of the conversation back to themselves. They try to both show interest in their partner and disclose something about themselves, but they fail to achieve either goal. We know it is good to show interest in our partners during conversations in many ways—by asking questions, supporting a different opinion, or saying something that relates to what the other person just said. However, self-centredness is tricky to outrun. As humans, we mostly think about our own viewpoint. Between 40% and 60% of what people say in conversations is about themselves—their feelings, opinions, and personal experiences. On social media, it’s even worse—80% of communication is self-related. The words “tricky to outrun” in Paragraph 3 probably mean “________”. A．hard to shake off B．unusual to see C．pleasant to accept D．simple to deal with 词义猜测题。根据“As humans, we mostly think about our own viewpoint. Between 40% and 60% of what people say in conversations is about themselves”可知，解释人类大多关注自身观点，对话中40%-60% 的内容与自身相关。由此推断，“tricky to outrun”意为“难以摆脱”，与“hard to shake off难以摆脱”语义一致。故选A。 （1） （2025·北京东城·二模）“We’ll see you around lunchtime, Dad,” said Mark. Then he walked to his younger brother Jason. “Boys, please take more water. Two bottles each isn’t going to be enough. Remember, I used to volunteer to help hikers here, and the temperatures by late morning in July…” Mark cut in, saying, “Dad, we’ll be fine. We hiked in Big Bend when we lived here, remember? We’ll only be gone for a few hours, and I have my cell phone.” He sounded confident. But David Saldivar was worried. Five years ago, he hiked in Big Bend National Park with his sons. Today he had to call in to a meeting at work, so they were on their own. David watched his sons head out towards the canyon trail (小路), which offered beautiful views of the mountains, but was short of shade (阴凉处). The brothers made good progress in their first few hours of hiking. The air was cool and Mark managed to take some amazing wildlife pictures. In early afternoon, the brothers were down to a bottle of water each, but Mark was sure it was enough for the time left. They continued along the trail. The sun beat down harder with every step they took. The boys stopped to drink water. Jason quickly emptied his bottle but he was still thirsty. Mark handed Jason his bottle. At that point, Mark realized he did not know as much about hiking in the canyon as he had thought he did. He decided it was time to call their dad. The boys sat under a rock ledge (突出的岩石) and waited for help. Within an hour, their dad appeared with more water. “Are you OK?” their dad asked. “We’re just fine,” Mark replied, smiling weakly. As they slowly made their way back, Mark said, “You were right, Dad. We didn’t pay as much attention to what you said as we should have! I’ll be sure to take all your hiking advice in the future.” His dad replied with a smile, “Son, I’m just glad you learned a lesson. Hiking is fun, but you always need to be prepared.” 1．How did Mark feel about hiking in Big Bend before they started? A．Bored. B．Confident. C．Surprised. D．Afraid. 2．What problem did the brothers meet in the afternoon? A．They felt hot and thirsty. B．They got lost in the canyon. C．Their cell phone didn’t work. D．Taking photos wasted their time 3．Mark learned from the experience that it is important ________. A．to go hiking with his parents B．to be very careful while hiking C．to choose the right time for hiking D．to get fully prepared before hiking （2） （2025·北京房山·二模）Zac and I are best friends because we both love football. Zac was taller and stronger than me. But my speed gave me an advantage in games. When we were 15, we were proud to join the Springtown Stars which was the best under-17 team in our area. There was another team called the Springtown Asteroids. They trained just as hard as us, but didn’t play in important matches very often. One day, the coach put up the new season’s team list. My finger was shaking as I looked for my name. Zac’s name was on the list, but mine wasn’t. I said to myself. “There must be a mistake!” I felt heartbroken. Being on the Asteroids made me feel like closer. After joining the Asteroids, I was really angry. I kicked the ball hard and didn’t care when my teammates passed the ball to me. Every time Zac waved at me, I just turned around. I was so upset. Everything changed during a Saturday match. The Stars were playing against Riverside United. I hid behind the stands and watched. They worked together so well. Zac could stop those passes that I couldn’t. Then I remembered that while I was busy getting angry, Zac was practicing free kicks every Tuesday and Thursday. When the game ended, I waited at the exit, I said to Zac, “Your winning kick in the second half was so cool!” and I put up my hand. He gave me a high-five, which made me feel warm inside. He said excitedly, “Coach said you’re getting much better now. If you keep training hard, we’ll be teammates again.” That night, I made a new plan and stuck it on my wall: more practice, more time. I realized being on the Asteroids was not a punishment. It was a chance for me to grow. I’ve learned that getting angry won’t help you succeed. True success comes from continuous effort, not just wishful thinking or expecting things to fall into place without hard work. 1．Why did the writer feel heartbroken? A．Because he wasn’t taller and stronger than Zac. B．Because there was a mistake in the Stars’ list. C．Because his name was not on the Stars’ list. D．Because the Asteroids trained even harder. 2．How did the writer feel after joining the Asteroids? A．Proud. B．Warm. C．Angry. D．Nervous. 3．What did the writer realize after watching the Stars’ match? A．Winning requires strict rules and more practice. B．Coaches may make mistakes when making a list. C．Football players should try to be stars themselves. D．Success needs more efforts not negative emotions. （3） （2025·北京门头沟·二模） When she was just 10 years old, Angela entered her first piano competition. Each participant (参赛者) had to go up onstage one by one and perform their piece. At first Angela was excited. But when she was next up to play, doubts began to flood her mind. “What if I played the wrong notes? What if I forgot the notes? What if I just messed up?” Angela remembered thinking. As these worries raced through her mind, Angela watched another girl perform. The girl played beautifully. Once the girl finished, she walked offstage to where Angela was waiting, and did something unexpected in Angela’s eyes. “She looked at me and smiled with a thumbs-up,” said. “Her smile was so warm and encouraging. It was like a beam of sunshine cutting through the clouds of my doubt. Her smile made me believe that the stage was just right for me, and that the piano was just right for me. Most importantly, that smile made me think that I was just right and I could perform on the stage that day.” With newfound confidence, Angela walked out to the piano and performed her piece. She focused on the music, letting the notes flow (流淌) from her fingers. Her performance turned out to be successful indeed. When she finished, she saw her competitor clapping (鼓掌) for her. Seeing such a show of support has stuck with Angela over the years. “As a competitor, she gave me respect and her gesture (手势) of goodwill helped a shy girl to face the stage,” Angela said. “She changed an important moment of my life, and her kind smile remains in my memory. And I’ll take that smile as a precious (珍贵的) gift.” 1．When Angela was next up to play, ________ began to flood her mind. A．doubts B．excitement C．tiredness D．happiness 2．When the other girl finished her playing, what did she do to Angela? A．She looked at Angela strangely. B．She laughed at Angela. C．She smiled at Angela with a thumbs-up. D．She hugged Angela warmly. 3．Why will Angela take that smile as a precious gift? A．Because the smile reminded her of her own mistakes. B．Because the smile made her feel respected and confident. C．Because the smile made her realize she was better than others. D．Because the smile made her want to become a really good pianist. （4） （2025·北京门头沟·二模）“People spend too much time and effort trying to control anxiety(焦虑),” says Joel Minden, a doctor. “I encourage them to remember that anxiety is a normal emotion.” “If you try to escape it,” he adds, “all you’re doing is putting it more in your mind.” Here are some tips to help reduce anxiety’s negative effects. Accept it. If you accept anxiety as part of life and part of everyone’s living experience, you can learn to manage it. This is the key of acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT) (接纳与承诺疗法). ACT guides people to see their unpleasant emotions as just feelings and to accept that parts of life are hard. Doctors encourage patients to begin a dialogue with anxious thoughts, examining the causes of those feelings. Meanwhile, they also keep in mind patients’ personal goals and values. Although anxious thoughts shouldn’t be completely controlled, sufferers can be trained not to allow anxiety to turn them away from what they want to do and who they want to be. Be curious about it. Paying attention to the body feelings, thoughts, and emotions that come as a result of feeling anxious or worried. When we notice and name the physical feelings that are appearing in our bodies (my face feels hot; my breathing is weak; my heart is beating quickly, etc.), we are already less caught up in those anxious emotions, simply through that act of observation (观察). Make lifestyle improvements. Learning to live with anxiety is a personal process that requires trial-and-error(试错法) to get just right. While acceptance is the first and the most important step, some lifestyle changes have been proved to take the edge off anxiety as well. Work out regularly (定期地). Since tiredness and increased stress leave us more likely to experience anxiety, a well-balanced diet and enough rest are helpful. Above all, exercise can help us manage it better. Also, openly discussing anxiety has changed our relationship with it. “I’m learning to live in peace with this thing,” Minden says. “It’s not always pleasant, but I accept and, to the degree that I can, take care of my anxiety.” 1．According to the passage, what is the key of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)? A．Escaping from anxiety. B．Avoiding anxious thoughts. C．Controlling anxiety completely. D．Accepting anxiety as part of life. 2．According to the passage, who is probably best at managing anxiety? A．A person who does sports weekly and has balanced meals. B．A person who avoids thinking about anxiety and stays up late. C．A person who tries to hide anxious thoughts without changing habits. D．A person who depends on medicine every day to stop feeling anxious. 3．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The causes of anxiety in daily life. B．The methods of dealing with anxiety. C．The ways of controlling anxiety completely. D．The effects of anxiety on social relationships. （5） （2025·北京石景山·二模） Breathing heavily, sixteen-year-old Ava Carter climbed the rocky mountain road. Ava had always been a quiet, thoughtful girl—until she lost her position as editor (编辑) of the school magazine, a role she had proudly held for two years. When she began to doubt herself too much, she left the noisy school behind and came to the mountains, searching for more than just a new beginning. This wasn’t just a hike to clear her mind. Ava was on a journey to rediscover herself. Though the road was difficult, each step filled her spirit with new energy. On the second day, while walking through a hard part of the path, she saw something strange—a young eagle lying on the ground, hurt and unable to fly well. It looked weak and helpless after last night’s storm. Ava felt sad and wanted to help it. Right away, she made a camp near the bird and gave it water and food, hoping it would trust her. The eagle watched her carefully, backing away at first. But Ava stayed, speaking softly with endless patience. She refused to leave the suffering creature alone. Day after day, she returned, focusing only on helping the eagle. She built it a small home, gently cleaned its wounded wing, and made sure it had enough food to recover. Sometimes Ava questioned whether she was making a difference. Yet, as the eagle grew stronger, so did she. Weeks later, Ava woke to find the eagle standing tall on a rock, spreading its wings wide to face the rising sun. It’s healed (愈合) completely. A deep sense of peace filled Ava’s heart—something she hadn’t felt in a long time. She had set out to heal the bird, but in doing so, she had found her own hidden strength. Ava watched the bird flying with tears in her eyes—joy and sadness mixed together. The bird was free, and in that moment, she felt free too. Back at school, she started a blog where she shared stories of growth. Her words soon inspired others, just as she had been inspired. “Sometimes, helping others is the only way to uncover the courage we’ve hidden inside,” she said. 1．Why did Ava go to the mountains? A．She wanted to help the eagle. B．She went to rediscover herself. C．She enjoyed hiking on her own. D．She planned camping near the bird. 2．How did Ava help the eagle? A．She called a vet for help. B．She gave it food and water. C．She trained the bird to fly on its own. D．She took it to a hospital for treatment. 3．What did Ava learn from this experience? A．Helping others can help us discover inner strength. B．Real power comes from being alone and independent. C．When facing difficulties, we should change the environment. D．Personal growth depends on the experiences outside of school. （6） （2025·北京西城·二模）I had a friend who was a real “score keeper”. She had grown up learning: “Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” Every favor or act of kindness done to her then had to be paid for either in cash or in kind. Once when I helped her with her gardening and forgot to tell her when I was done, she followed me to my house to pay me. My parents grew up not wanting to take charity either, but they still often helped others. Mom would make food to share and give away vegetables from our garden, while dad would often do chores for someone in need. When they did so, I always saw a special sparkle (神采) in their eyes and joy in their smiles. It wasn’t about keeping score. It was about the simple pleasure of helping others and the deep sense of fulfillment (满足) that came from it. Then one night, our home caught fire and burned to the ground. We all survived, but we lost everything we owned. The next morning, as the sun rose, we stood in the remains of our home, feeling completely lost. But help soon arrived. Neighbors brought us food and clothes, found us a place to stay temporarily (暂时地), and helped us build a new house. There was no way we could ever repay their kindness and love. Yet, I saw that no one expected us to. In the faces of each person who helped us were those same sparkling eyes and joyful smiles. In those difficult days, I realized that the community’s kindness and love weren’t about keeping score. It was about the joy of giving. They didn’t expect anything in return. They gave because they could, because they wanted to, and because it made them happy. Their actions showed the power of unconditional love and the strength of a community that supports one another. You see, when it comes to love, we are given more love than we can ever repay. And the truth is, the more love you share, the more love you have. The more you give. the more you receive. The true reward isn’t in the keeping of score, but in the sharing of love. 1．What did the writer’s mom do to help others? A．She usually made food to share. B．She did chores for people in need. C．She bought vegetables for neighbors. D．She helped neighbors with gardening. 2．How did the writer’s neighbors support his family? A．By washing clothes for them. B．By saving them from the fire. C．By helping them build a new house. D．By inviting them to live in their home. 3．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．People cannot live without love and kindness. B．“Score keepers” lead a life full of love and kindness. C．Love and kindness aren’t about paying and repaying. D．Communities should offer unconditional love and kindness. （7） （2025·北京大兴·二模） The Perfect You Lily was a shy girl who often felt like she wasn’t “enough.” She compared herself to her classmates. Some were amazing at sports or dancing. Some had lots of friends. Lily often thought, “Why can’t I be like them?” This question felt like a puzzle she had never solved. One day Lily found a puzzle game online—The Perfect You. Curiously, Lily clicked it and there was a puzzle piece with a green light on the screen. Suddenly, the puzzle piece spoke, “What makes you happy?” Lily gasped (倒吸气) and quickly closed the website, too scared to answer. She tried to forget about it, but that night, the shining puzzle piece appeared in her mind. Lily couldn’t sleep. The next morning, Lily thought for a long time and opened the game again. Then, she answered the question she saw on the screen yesterday, “I feel happy when I play with Meria.” To her surprise, the puzzle piece flew to its correct place. Then, a second puzzle piece appeared, shining even brighter, and asked, “What are you proud of?” Lily thought for a long time before answering. “I’m proud of myself when I help other kids.” The puzzle piece flew to its correct place just like the first one. Day by day, more puzzle pieces appeared, each asking a question. Sometimes it was easy to answer. Sometimes it wasn’t. Finally, the last puzzle piece appeared. It asked, “Do you feel left out (受冷落) sometimes?” Lily froze. “I don’t know.” But then she remembered when her friends worked together and didn’t include her. Then, Lily remembered her mom telling her: “It’s OK to feel alone sometimes. Everyone gets to choose their friends, but don’t give up on yourself!” Taking a deep breath, Lily said, “Yes, I feel left out sometimes, but I know it’s OK.” The whole puzzle shined and turned into a shiny mirror. Instead of showing someone “perfect,” the mirror reflected Lily’s own smiling face with the words: Be yourself. Lily felt warmth spread through her. She realized she didn’t need to be like Sarah, Jake, or Meria. She just needed to be herself. 1．How did Lily feel when she heard the puzzle piece speak at first? A．Confused. B．Scared. C．Lucky. D．Excited. 2．When does Lily feel proud of herself? A．When she plays with Meria. B．When she helps other kids. C．When she wins a puzzle game. D．When she remembers her mom’s words. 3．What can we learn from Lily’s story? A．Comparison can steal your joy, so just be yourself. B．Nothing is difficult if you set your mind to it. C．All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. D．No way is impossible to courage. （8） （2025·北京顺义·二模） Living in Two Worlds Bella walked angrily to her room and shut the door loudly. “Why can’t I have a birthday party?” She shouted. Her grandmother didn’t believe in birthday parties, thinking they were unnecessary. Bella had lived with her grandmother since she was four, after being rescued from an orphanage (孤儿院). Her grandmother was kind but strict, holding on to old rules. Tomorrow was speech day and Bella still hadn’t thought of a topic. On speech day, Bella stood nervously before the class, turning over her cue cards. “The house I live in with my grandmother,” she began, “has been the same since my grandfather died 50 years ago. Also, we don’t have a TV or computer,” she said. Her classmates gave he sympathetic (同情的) looks. Bella looked up and then spoke loudly. “But my life is better than in the orphanage. I’m grateful my grandmother rescued me. She is kind, but just once, I would love a birthday party, not for presents, but to feel special. However, my grandmother said no. So, here I am, going to school in one century and going home to a world in another.” Her classmates and Mr. Barlow, the teacher, had tears in their eyes. “That,” said Mr. Barlow, “was a real speech. It made us think and feel.” On Bella’s birthday, her grandmother invited her to the park after school. When Bella arrived, she saw her grandmother in bright, unusual clothes, shouting, “Happy birthday!” Mr. Barlow and Bella’s classmates jumped out from the bushes, throwing a surprise birthday party with balloons, food, and presents. Bella’s grandmother smiled and said, “Mr. Barlow read me your speech. It made me think. It’s time for us to live in the present. There’s going to be new furniture, new paint, and a new me!” “Does that mean a computer and television?” Bella asked. “Possibly,” smiled her grandmother, “But that doesn’t mean there won’t be rules for some things!” 1．How did Bella’s classmates feel about her speech? A．Angry. B．Moved. C．Nervous. D．Grateful. 2．Why does Bella feel like she is living in two worlds? A．She was born in one city but raised in another. B．Her school life and home life are very different. C．She follows strict-rules both at school and at home. D．Her life in the orphanage is different from school life. 3．What did Bella’s grandmother decide to do after hearing her speech? A．To continue living the same way as before. B．To hold a birthday party for Bella every year. C．To buy a computer and television for the home. D．To live more in the present and make some changes. （9） （2025·北京海淀·二模） Last summer, my school’s choir (合唱团) was invited to perform in a nationwide choral competition hosted by Disney World. As a special treat to all performers, we were given the freedom to explore the parks in small groups. I teamed up with my friends Beth, Matt, Steve and Bob, and the five of us hung out enjoying the parks. The weather was extremely hot. I wore a big hat and drank frequently. Beth laughed at me for overreacting and insisted she was fine when I expressed concern about her not drinking enough water. Unfortunately, right after I’d finished and threw away my bottle of water, I noticed something wrong with Beth—her face was pale and her eyes were unfocused. Realizing she might have a heat stroke, I called out to Steve and asked him to get Beth to the shade of a tree. The most medical knowledge I had was from the first aid class I took last term, but it was more than anyone else present did. “I think Beth’s having a heat stroke. Steve, stay here with her. Matt, get a park EMT (医疗救护员). Bob, you’re with me. She needs water!” I shouted. Steve and Matt immediately did as asked. Bob and I ran to the nearest store. Unluckily, there was a long waiting line before the counter. Breathlessly and with courage, I asked the first customer if I could cut in front of her. Having learned what had happened, the woman agreed without hesitation. I paid, grabbed the water bottles and ran out as fast as I could, shouting thank-you to those in line who had helped us. I made it back to Beth and Steve, opened one bottle and poured half of the water over Beth’s head and neck. She sighed and opened her eyes. I gave the bottle to Beth, instructing her to drink slowly. Around that time, Matt arrived with a pair of EMTs who checked out Beth and praised us for staying calm and doing the right thing. Soon, Beth was much better. Then, we hurriedly took a taxi to rush to the music hall where we were going to perform. Thankfully, the performance was just about to start and none of us was late. Beth, at the time, was completely fine. I let out a long sigh and smiled in relief. This was probably the single greatest moment of human togetherness I had ever experienced. 1．What was the special treat to all performers? A．To explore the parks. B．To get first aid training. C．To attend a summer camp. D．To take part in a competition. 2．Realizing Beth was in a heat stroke, the writer ________. A．gave Beth some medicine B．instructed her friends to help C．stayed with Beth under a tree D．called the choir director at once 3．What did the writer realize at the end of the story? A．Hanging out with friends brings much fun. B．Following others’ advice leads to a healthy life. C．Taking part in competitions enriches school life. D．Working together plays a key role in emergencies. （10） （2025·北京海淀·二模）Do we use technology, or does it use us? Do our gadgets (设备) improve our lives or just make us weak and lazy? These are old questions, maybe older than you think. Back in 370 BC, Socrates warned that writing could hurt memory. After all, if we write things down, do we still need to remember them? We’ve always greeted new technologies with a mixture of fascination and fear. In 1931, John Bakeless wrote that it was time to ask, “How far is the use of machines something calling for vigorous resistance; and how far is it a good thing, to which we may willingly give in?” The technology that alarmed him might seem, to us, laughably low-tech: printing machines. “It is a curious fact,” he wrote, “we have overlooked the machine’s deep influence on the human mind.” He was particularly worried about how technology was used by the media to control what people thought and talked about. For the first time, he believed, a world-wide public opinion was becoming possible. About 50 years later, as telephone answering machines became common, some people worried that machines, while useful, were encouraging self-centered thoughts and actions, resulting in social isolation (隔绝). In 2017, musician and thinker David Byrne said that social media allowed us to stay “connected” without meeting face-to-face. But he also stressed it would increase divisions by strengthening echo effects—people only hear ideas they already believe. Just last year, Will Douglas warned that AI tools would destroy children’s critical thinking skills. But maybe it’s time we pause and ask: do our fears about new technologies come to pass? Most of the time, no. Throughout history, we’ve shifted between “Wow, this is amazing!” and “It’s scary—this is going to change us in some negative way.” And then, something interesting happens—we get used to it and life goes on. Maybe the problem isn't technology at all; maybe it’s us. Technology doesn’t make us weak, lazy or foolish. It’s our fear of it that holds us back. The printing press, the telephone, and the Internet all seemed scary at first. Now, they’re just part of everyday life. If we are to ever create the ideal human society—one with enough time for art, music and science—it was unlikely we’d get it done without technology. We just need to make sure that technology serves us instead of the other way around. Just as Bakeless wrote back in 1931, “We must put the machine in its place.” 1．The words “vigorous resistance” in Paragraph 2 are closest in meaning to “________”. A．active attention B．strong opposition C．careful planning D．rapid spread 2．What is Bakeless’s opinion on the printing machines? A．They would cause a world-wide discussion. B．They were important tools for the news industry. C．They might help the media control people's minds. D．They encouraged self-centered thoughts and actions. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Socrates was right in warning about the effect of writing. B．Social media is sure to influence people in negative ways. C．AI tools have improved children's critical thinking ability. D．Worries about new technologies are actually unnecessary. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To argue that technology is harmful to humans by nature. B．To remind people not to fear technology but to use it wisely. C．To teach us to create an ideal society with modern machines. D．To show the role of technology in the development of society. （11） （2025·北京房山·二模）“I’m really tired—do you have any ideas for getting a good night’s sleep?” Sleep is not only a common topic in our daily talks, but we have also spent many years trying to understand and explain it. After all, we spend about 26 years of our lives sleeping. So, what do we know? Here are the main points from the research in the last ten years. Studies have shown that getting enough sleep is good for keeping a strong immune system (免疫系统). When we sleep, our body not only rests but also works hard to strengthen our defenses against diseases. So, if you want to stay healthy and avoid getting sick easily, make sure to have a good night’s sleep. It’s not just about feeling refreshed in the morning; it’s also a powerful way to protect your body from illness. One of the most interesting findings is about lucid dreaming. It seems it’s possible to communicate with people while they’re sleeping. In a study, the researchers found the dreamers could use their thinking abilities, like short—term memory, while sleeping. This connection between the dream world and the real world has brought excitement to the sleep science community. Sleep can also help our memory and problem-solving. A 2023 review of research by Denis and Cairney noted that when we sleep, our brains go over the things that happened during the day. This is very important for keeping our memories. A 2019 study by Sanders and his team found that people were more likely to solve a difficult problem the next day if the problem was in their minds during sleep. So, if you can’t work out the problem, rest well and return to it in the morning. What if you are unlucky and don’t get enough sleep? Unfortunately, you may be at higher risk of negative moods and worse emotional controlling. But the good news is that there are lots of ways to help you sleep better. The UK’s National Health Service suggests going to bed at a fixed time, doing some quiet thinking before bed, which they call “beditation” and not drinking coffee before bed. 1．According to the passage, why is getting enough sleep good for our health? A．It helps us to review daily memories. B．It improves our body to fight diseases. C．It refreshes mental focus about illness. D．It connects dream worlds with real world. 2．What does the word “lucid” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Clear-minded. B．Strong-willed. C．Strange. D．Wonderful. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Drinking coffee before bed helps you form beditation. B．Our brains can get a good rest when we sleep in the night. C．Sleep is important for daily work and emotional controlling. D．Dreamers could use short-term memory to solve problems. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show different kinds of sleep disorders. B．To provide trips for improving sleep quality. C．To explain the science behind lucid dreaming. D．To discuss the importance of sleep and its effects. （12） （2025·北京顺义·二模）David never thought of himself as a negative person. But three trips to the hospital in one month led him to reconsider his mindset towards life. Before May 2018, he was healthy. He was living in New York City, working at a company he founded and cycling daily. Yet David always felt worried. One day, his health began to suffer. He could hardly walk, could not see clearly, and his blood pressure suddenly increased greatly. At the hospital, doctors suspected (怀疑) a stroke but never found the cause. A close friend pointed out David’s negative mindset and suggested he might be burned out. David describes this friend as “one of the most optimistic (乐观的) people” he knows. After recovery, David started looking at the world very differently. He started deep, calm, purposeful breathing, taking time each morning to feel thankful to be alive, and found purpose by co-founding a nonprofit (非盈利的) organization. Since then, he hasn’t experienced similar health problems, crediting (归功于) his new positive mindset. “After there was a life-changing event,” he said. “it forced me to become optimistic. I can’t imagine living life the way I did before.” His story is similar to what many studies show about positive thinking and health. Studies have shown a link between a positive mindset and good health. “Optimism means the expectation that good things will happen, or believing the future will be favorable because we can control important outcomes,” said Hayami Koga. She is a researcher at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies. She was the lead writer on a 2022 study that found optimism was linked to longer lives and a greater chance of living past the age of 90. Another study showed optimists generally stayed in better physical health as they aged. “Some people are born more optimistic. However, it can be learned,” said Sue Varma. She is a professor of psychiatry at New York University. She said that even for people who do not naturally “see the glass half full”, there are skills that you can learn. Varma suggests noticing how you deal with uncertainty. Do you worry and wait for the worst to happen? If you do, then try to re-think the situation by looking for silver linings or determining whether a problem can be solved. Imagine the best possible result and steps to get there. Finding purpose through volunteering or bringing your interests to work can help, as can learning new skills to keep your mind from thinking too much about negative situations. Though changing your mindset isn’t easy, regular practice helps. “It’s a toolset. It’s a mindset,” Varma said, adding that it’s something she practices daily. 1．Why does the writer use the example of David in the first two paragraphs? A．To focus on the importance of hard work and effort. B．To warn about sudden health problems among young people. C．To show how a negative mindset can lead to health problems. D．To explain why people can be successful even with health problems. 2．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Being optimistic is all up to chance. B．Hoping for good things happens every day. C．Seeing the glass half full avoids challenges. D．Changing one’s mindset takes practice and effort. 3．What does the phrase “silver linings” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．The hidden causes behind an unexpected event. B．The positive side in a bad situation. C．The quick decision on a situation. D．The way to deal with uncertainty. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss the influence of optimism. B．To encourage people to stay optimistic. C．To compare different ways to learn optimism. D．To provide some evidence of being optimistic. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 阅读理解1 细节理解题、词义猜测题（复习讲义）（北京专用） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 细节理解题 考点二 词义猜测题 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 从命题内容上看，主要考查在记叙文体的细节理解、词义猜测题。 热考角度 考点 2025年 2024年 2023年 阅读理解 B篇第24、25小题 C篇第29小题 D篇第31小题 B篇第24、25、26小题 C篇第27小题 D篇第31小题 B篇第24、25、26小题 C篇第27、28小题 D篇第31、32小题 命题预测 主要在阅读理解B、C两题中考查。 细节理解题 直接细节理解题在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who， what，when，where，why和how等提问。说明文和叙述文的阅读题有相当一部分是此类题。 间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，依靠主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系进行加工或整理后方能得出结论 词义猜测题 词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。 考点一 细节理解题 细节理解题在阅读理解中所占比重较大，一般基于语篇具体细节信息设题，主要出现在B篇、C篇，最关键的解题方法是利用题干中的关键信息到文中定位。 直接细节题 直接定位法（题干关键信息与原文表述相近） 例 [2024北京B篇节选] Scott went home one day and looked online, hoping to find ideas for events the club could organize at school. During his research, he learned that the amount（数量） of electronic waste, or e-waste, is increasing rapidly. Scott was upset with himself for not noticing this problem sooner. At that moment, he began to develop a plan. 问：What did Scott learn during his research online? A. Students are enthusiastic about recycling. B. There is a lot of waste recycled every year. C. The amount of e-waste is increasing rapidly. D. There are many recycling clubs in the country. [答案]C 解题步骤 Step 1 画出题干关键信息。 Step 2 到文中定位。 Step 3 对比选项。 由题干中的Scott learn和during his research定位到文中画线部分，C选项与原文表述一致。 同义替换细节题 1选项内容转换法（选项是原文的同义转述） 例 [2024北京B篇节选] At the end of the event, Scott heard someone suggest that the school should have an e-drive event every term. Scott smiled, realizing that a simple action could truly have a lasting influence. 问：What did Scott realize at the end of the e-drive event? A. Environmental problems could be solved. B. A simple action could bring a long-term effect. C. Teamwork is valuable for the success of events. D. Family members are interested in school activities. [答案]B 解题步骤 Step 1 画出题干关键信息。 Step 2 到文中定位。 Step 3 对比选项，找与原文意思一致的选项。 B选项中的 bring a long-term effect是原文中have a lasting influence的同义转述。 2 题干信息转换法（题干关键信息与原文内容语义相近） 例 [2023北京C篇节选] Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste? According to the United Nations （UN）, every year around the world, about one billion（十亿） tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide （CO2）, which speeds up climate（气候） change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem? 问：According to the passage， what is a possible result of food waste？ A. The problem of worldwide hunger. B. A big increase in food production. C. The speed-up of climate change. D. A sudden drop in population. [答案]C 解题步骤 Step 1 画出题干关键信息。 Step 2 信息转换，到文中定位。 题干中的a possible result of food waste对应原文中the wasted food produces...，由此找到题干对应的原文内容。 Step 3 对比选项。 C选项与题干对应的原文内容相符。 考点二 词义猜测题 词义猜测题是中考必考题，只考1题，出现在C篇或D篇。考生需要理解画线生词（或词块）所在段落中的主题语境，以及研读画线生词（或词块）的上下句，从而选出最贴近作者意图的英文释义。该题型常见的设题方式和解题方法如下所示： ◇The underlined word “...” means . ◇The words “...” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean . ◇What does the word “...” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? ◇What's the meaning of the underlined word? ◇The words “...” in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to __. 借助上下文语境 从设题角度来看，词义猜测题一般都有明显的上下文提示，因此需要找到所猜词所在句与上下文的关系，包括对比关系、并列关系、因果关系、例证关系、指代关系等；也会有定义解释关系，如用定语从句或同位语解释画线词，有时全段解释画线生词。 1.对比关系 例 [2023北京D篇节选] Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. For example, everybody takes pleasure in eating. However, to enjoy food is more difficult—you have to pay enough attention to a meal, so as to sense and tell its various tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. A person can feel pleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated（刺激）. But it's impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It's for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging. The words “psychic energy” in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to _ _ _ _ . A. attention B. interest C. ability D. knowledge [答案]A 解题步骤 Step 1 定位画线生词位置。 Step 2 若上下文有表示对比的词，如while（然而）、however、but、yet、rather than（而不是）、instead of、in fact等，则说明前后表达的内容相反，由此找到与画线词对应的内容，推测画线词词义。 Step 3 找到与对应原文意思一致的选项。 while（然而）表明前后对比，while前面表达的是“不需要任何……”，后面表达的是“全部注意力（attention）的结果”，因此推测出所猜词组与attention意思相近。 2.因果关系 例 [2022北京C篇节选] Look into what the company tells us about their product. It's easy to say that a product is “green” or “all natural”， but the words may be too good to be true., much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all, companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible. The words “be taken with a grain of salt” in Paragraph 5 probably mean “_ _ _ _ ”. A. be easily understood B. not be completely believed C. be widely spread D. not be quickly forgotten [答案]B 解题步骤 Step 1 定位画线内容的位置。 Step 2 若上下文中有表示因果关系的词，如since、as、because、for、so、thus、as a result、for this reason、so that、so...that等，则找出画线内容所在句对应的原因/结果。 Step 3 找到与对应内容意思相近的选项。 画线内容所在句对应的原因是前一句，该句指出对这些产品的宣传可能好得令人难以置信，由此可判断其结果是人们不应该完全相信产品信息，B选项正确。 3.代词指向 例 [2020北京D篇节选] Firstly, we should think about the health care experience as a whole. A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist（接待员）, who can see and tell how a patient is doing. This may influence the treatment effect. It's unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition. The word “intuition” in Paragraph 5 probably means_ _ _ _ . A. an ability to understand B. an interesting experience C. a chance to win D. a fair decision [答案]A 解题步骤 Step 1 定位画线生词位置。 Step 2 若上下文有与画线词相关的代词，如it、such、this、that、the one等，则找到代词指代内容来解释画线词。 Step 3 找到与对应原文意思相符的选项。 画线词前面有such（这样的），说明前文出现过画线词所表示的具体内容，即“能看见并判断病人的状况”，A选项“理解能力”与之意思相符。 4.举例说明 例 [2024房山二模D篇节选] It's okay to help others, but being an echoist can sometimes lose your own interests. Echoists always try their best to prioritize others.For example, echoists might choose to make sure someone else is happy instead of caring about their own needs. Remember as long as it doesn't harm the collective good, you are the most important person in your life, and it's fair for your needs to come first sometimes. The word “prioritize” in Paragraph 5 probably means _ _ _ _ . A. look down upon B. give first place to C. catch up with D. depend on [答案]B 解题步骤 Step 1 定位画线生词位置。 Step 2 判断画线生词前后是否有for example、like、such as、as this example suggests等词或者破折号后举的例子。 Step 3 找出与文中所举的例子相符合的选项。 下文例子指出“回声者可能会选择确保别人快乐，而不是关心他们自己的需求”，即把他人的需求放前面，因此B选项正确。 5.解释说明法 例 [2023丰台二模D篇节选] Space exploration has triggered advances in science and technology which have benefited humans and improved the quality of life on Earth. These benefits are related to space technology such as satellite communications, global positioning system（GPS） and weather forecasting. The development of satellite technology, for instance, makes telecommunications possible, connecting people from different parts of the world through satellite television, phones, radio and Internet access. The words “triggered advances” in Paragraph 2 probably mean “_ _ _ _ ” . A. led to great progress B. slowed down the speed C. set back future growth D. caught up with the development [答案]A 解题步骤 Step 1 定位画线生词位置。 Step 2 若画线生词后有定语从句、同位语、that is to say或破折号、冒号、引号等标点符号引出的内容，则这些内容可能是对画线生词的解释说明。 Step 3 找出符合原文对画线生词的解释说明的选项。 which引导的定语从句的先行词是advances in science and technology，对其进行补充说明，意为“使人类受益并提高在地球上的生活质量”，A选项“带来巨大进步”与之相符。同时，这一整段都是在介绍宇宙探索带来的进步。 借助构词法推测 有些设题的生词是通过构词法合成或派生而成的，推测词义时可借助构词法。合成词指由两个或多个词合成的词，派生词指通过加前缀或后缀的方式改变词义或词性而成的新词。 例 [2025 平谷一模D篇节选] Studying primates（灵长类）helps us understand our own social behaviors. This research also highlights the importance of communication in forming, building and keeping social ties. By understanding these behaviors, we can better appreciate the social nature of primates and humans alike. 问：What does the word “highlights” in the last paragraph mean? A. draws attention to B. passes over C. leaves out D. builds up [答案]A 解题步骤 Step 1 借助构词法推测画线生词可能的含义。 highlight是合成词，由high和light合成，可能表示的意思是“高光；高亮”。 Step 2 借助画线生词所在句理解。 highlight在文中作动词，表示“……某事的重要性”。 Step 3 对比选项，找出最恰当的释义。 A选项“引起注意”，B选项“忽略”，C选项“排除”，D选项“加强”，“高光”转换为动词贴近“强调”，即“引起注意”，且“强调某事的重要性”符合原文逻辑，因此A选项正确。 （2025·北京东城·二模） I call this “boomerasking”. Like a boomerang, boomeraskers ask a question, let their partner answer and then immediately bring the focus of the conversation back to themselves. They try to both show interest in their partner and disclose something about themselves, but they fail to achieve either goal. We know it is good to show interest in our partners during conversations in many ways—by asking questions, supporting a different opinion, or saying something that relates to what the other person just said. However, self-centredness is tricky to outrun. As humans, we mostly think about our own viewpoint. Between 40% and 60% of what people say in conversations is about themselves—their feelings, opinions, and personal experiences. On social media, it’s even worse—80% of communication is self-related. The words “tricky to outrun” in Paragraph 3 probably mean “________”. A．hard to shake off B．unusual to see C．pleasant to accept D．simple to deal with 词义猜测题。根据“As humans, we mostly think about our own viewpoint. Between 40% and 60% of what people say in conversations is about themselves”可知，解释人类大多关注自身观点，对话中40%-60% 的内容与自身相关。由此推断，“tricky to outrun”意为“难以摆脱”，与“hard to shake off难以摆脱”语义一致。故选A。 （1） （2025·北京东城·二模）“We’ll see you around lunchtime, Dad,” said Mark. Then he walked to his younger brother Jason. “Boys, please take more water. Two bottles each isn’t going to be enough. Remember, I used to volunteer to help hikers here, and the temperatures by late morning in July…” Mark cut in, saying, “Dad, we’ll be fine. We hiked in Big Bend when we lived here, remember? We’ll only be gone for a few hours, and I have my cell phone.” He sounded confident. But David Saldivar was worried. Five years ago, he hiked in Big Bend National Park with his sons. Today he had to call in to a meeting at work, so they were on their own. David watched his sons head out towards the canyon trail (小路), which offered beautiful views of the mountains, but was short of shade (阴凉处). The brothers made good progress in their first few hours of hiking. The air was cool and Mark managed to take some amazing wildlife pictures. In early afternoon, the brothers were down to a bottle of water each, but Mark was sure it was enough for the time left. They continued along the trail. The sun beat down harder with every step they took. The boys stopped to drink water. Jason quickly emptied his bottle but he was still thirsty. Mark handed Jason his bottle. At that point, Mark realized he did not know as much about hiking in the canyon as he had thought he did. He decided it was time to call their dad. The boys sat under a rock ledge (突出的岩石) and waited for help. Within an hour, their dad appeared with more water. “Are you OK?” their dad asked. “We’re just fine,” Mark replied, smiling weakly. As they slowly made their way back, Mark said, “You were right, Dad. We didn’t pay as much attention to what you said as we should have! I’ll be sure to take all your hiking advice in the future.” His dad replied with a smile, “Son, I’m just glad you learned a lesson. Hiking is fun, but you always need to be prepared.” 1．How did Mark feel about hiking in Big Bend before they started? A．Bored. B．Confident. C．Surprised. D．Afraid. 2．What problem did the brothers meet in the afternoon? A．They felt hot and thirsty. B．They got lost in the canyon. C．Their cell phone didn’t work. D．Taking photos wasted their time 3．Mark learned from the experience that it is important ________. A．to go hiking with his parents B．to be very careful while hiking C．to choose the right time for hiking D．to get fully prepared before hiking 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了Mark和弟弟Jason在父亲David的提醒下独自去远足，由于轻视了远足的困难，最终因缺水而不得不求助于父亲，最终意识到听从父亲建议的重要性，并学会了在远足前做好充分准备。 1．细节理解题。根据“He sounded confident”可知Mark在开始之前很自信。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The sun beat down harder with every step they took.”以及“The boys stopped to drink water. Jason quickly emptied his bottle but he was still thirsty”可知太阳很大，很热，而且他们很口渴。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Hiking is fun, but you always need to be prepared.”可知从这个经历中他学到徒步旅行前准备好是很重要的。故选D。 （2） （2025·北京房山·二模）Zac and I are best friends because we both love football. Zac was taller and stronger than me. But my speed gave me an advantage in games. When we were 15, we were proud to join the Springtown Stars which was the best under-17 team in our area. There was another team called the Springtown Asteroids. They trained just as hard as us, but didn’t play in important matches very often. One day, the coach put up the new season’s team list. My finger was shaking as I looked for my name. Zac’s name was on the list, but mine wasn’t. I said to myself. “There must be a mistake!” I felt heartbroken. Being on the Asteroids made me feel like closer. After joining the Asteroids, I was really angry. I kicked the ball hard and didn’t care when my teammates passed the ball to me. Every time Zac waved at me, I just turned around. I was so upset. Everything changed during a Saturday match. The Stars were playing against Riverside United. I hid behind the stands and watched. They worked together so well. Zac could stop those passes that I couldn’t. Then I remembered that while I was busy getting angry, Zac was practicing free kicks every Tuesday and Thursday. When the game ended, I waited at the exit, I said to Zac, “Your winning kick in the second half was so cool!” and I put up my hand. He gave me a high-five, which made me feel warm inside. He said excitedly, “Coach said you’re getting much better now. If you keep training hard, we’ll be teammates again.” That night, I made a new plan and stuck it on my wall: more practice, more time. I realized being on the Asteroids was not a punishment. It was a chance for me to grow. I’ve learned that getting angry won’t help you succeed. True success comes from continuous effort, not just wishful thinking or expecting things to fall into place without hard work. 1．Why did the writer feel heartbroken? A．Because he wasn’t taller and stronger than Zac. B．Because there was a mistake in the Stars’ list. C．Because his name was not on the Stars’ list. D．Because the Asteroids trained even harder. 2．How did the writer feel after joining the Asteroids? A．Proud. B．Warm. C．Angry. D．Nervous. 3．What did the writer realize after watching the Stars’ match? A．Winning requires strict rules and more practice. B．Coaches may make mistakes when making a list. C．Football players should try to be stars themselves. D．Success needs more efforts not negative emotions. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文主要讲了作者因未入选心仪球队而心碎，加入另一队后经历愤怒，最终在观看比赛后明白成功源于持续努力而非负面情绪。 1．细节理解题。根据“My finger was shaking as I looked for my name. Zac’s name was on the list, but mine wasn’t. I said to myself. ‘There must be a mistake!’ I felt heartbroken.”可知，作者心碎是因为他的名字不在Stars队的名单上。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“After joining the Asteroids, I was really angry.”可知，作者加入Asteroids后感到愤怒。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“That night, I made a new plan... I realized being on the Asteroids was not a punishment. It was a chance for me to grow. I’ve learned that getting angry won’t help you succeed. True success comes from continuous effort...”可知，作者在观看Stars队的比赛后意识到，成功需要更多的努力，而非负面情绪。故选D。 （3） （2025·北京门头沟·二模） When she was just 10 years old, Angela entered her first piano competition. Each participant (参赛者) had to go up onstage one by one and perform their piece. At first Angela was excited. But when she was next up to play, doubts began to flood her mind. “What if I played the wrong notes? What if I forgot the notes? What if I just messed up?” Angela remembered thinking. As these worries raced through her mind, Angela watched another girl perform. The girl played beautifully. Once the girl finished, she walked offstage to where Angela was waiting, and did something unexpected in Angela’s eyes. “She looked at me and smiled with a thumbs-up,” said. “Her smile was so warm and encouraging. It was like a beam of sunshine cutting through the clouds of my doubt. Her smile made me believe that the stage was just right for me, and that the piano was just right for me. Most importantly, that smile made me think that I was just right and I could perform on the stage that day.” With newfound confidence, Angela walked out to the piano and performed her piece. She focused on the music, letting the notes flow (流淌) from her fingers. Her performance turned out to be successful indeed. When she finished, she saw her competitor clapping (鼓掌) for her. Seeing such a show of support has stuck with Angela over the years. “As a competitor, she gave me respect and her gesture (手势) of goodwill helped a shy girl to face the stage,” Angela said. “She changed an important moment of my life, and her kind smile remains in my memory. And I’ll take that smile as a precious (珍贵的) gift.” 1．When Angela was next up to play, ________ began to flood her mind. A．doubts B．excitement C．tiredness D．happiness 2．When the other girl finished her playing, what did she do to Angela? A．She looked at Angela strangely. B．She laughed at Angela. C．She smiled at Angela with a thumbs-up. D．She hugged Angela warmly. 3．Why will Angela take that smile as a precious gift? A．Because the smile reminded her of her own mistakes. B．Because the smile made her feel respected and confident. C．Because the smile made her realize she was better than others. D．Because the smile made her want to become a really good pianist. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了10 岁的安吉拉首次参加钢琴比赛，上台前满是疑虑，看到另一位女孩出色表演后更紧张，然而该女孩表演完却向她微笑竖大拇指，这让安吉拉重拾信心并成功完成表演，多年来这个善意举动一直被安吉拉铭记 。 1．细节理解题。根据“But when she was next up to play, doubts began to flood her mind.”可知，当安吉拉接下来要演奏时，疑虑开始涌上她的心头。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“She looked at me and smiled with a thumbs-up”可知，另一个女孩演奏完后，她看着安吉拉，微笑着竖起了大拇指。故选C。 3． 推理判断题。根据“As a competitor, she gave me respect and her gesture of goodwill helped a shy girl face the stage”以及“And I’ll take that smile as a precious gift”可知，因为这个微笑让安吉拉感受到尊重和自信，所以她把那个微笑当作珍贵的礼物。故选B。 （4） （2025·北京门头沟·二模）“People spend too much time and effort trying to control anxiety(焦虑),” says Joel Minden, a doctor. “I encourage them to remember that anxiety is a normal emotion.” “If you try to escape it,” he adds, “all you’re doing is putting it more in your mind.” Here are some tips to help reduce anxiety’s negative effects. Accept it. If you accept anxiety as part of life and part of everyone’s living experience, you can learn to manage it. This is the key of acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT) (接纳与承诺疗法). ACT guides people to see their unpleasant emotions as just feelings and to accept that parts of life are hard. Doctors encourage patients to begin a dialogue with anxious thoughts, examining the causes of those feelings. Meanwhile, they also keep in mind patients’ personal goals and values. Although anxious thoughts shouldn’t be completely controlled, sufferers can be trained not to allow anxiety to turn them away from what they want to do and who they want to be. Be curious about it. Paying attention to the body feelings, thoughts, and emotions that come as a result of feeling anxious or worried. When we notice and name the physical feelings that are appearing in our bodies (my face feels hot; my breathing is weak; my heart is beating quickly, etc.), we are already less caught up in those anxious emotions, simply through that act of observation (观察). Make lifestyle improvements. Learning to live with anxiety is a personal process that requires trial-and-error(试错法) to get just right. While acceptance is the first and the most important step, some lifestyle changes have been proved to take the edge off anxiety as well. Work out regularly (定期地). Since tiredness and increased stress leave us more likely to experience anxiety, a well-balanced diet and enough rest are helpful. Above all, exercise can help us manage it better. Also, openly discussing anxiety has changed our relationship with it. “I’m learning to live in peace with this thing,” Minden says. “It’s not always pleasant, but I accept and, to the degree that I can, take care of my anxiety.” 1．According to the passage, what is the key of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)? A．Escaping from anxiety. B．Avoiding anxious thoughts. C．Controlling anxiety completely. D．Accepting anxiety as part of life. 2．According to the passage, who is probably best at managing anxiety? A．A person who does sports weekly and has balanced meals. B．A person who avoids thinking about anxiety and stays up late. C．A person who tries to hide anxious thoughts without changing habits. D．A person who depends on medicine every day to stop feeling anxious. 3．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The causes of anxiety in daily life. B．The methods of dealing with anxiety. C．The ways of controlling anxiety completely. D．The effects of anxiety on social relationships. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了几种减少焦虑负面影响的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Accept it. If you accept anxiety as part of life and part of everyone’s living experience, you can learn to manage it. This is the key of acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT) (接纳与承诺疗法).”可知，接受焦虑作为生活的一部分是接纳与承诺疗法的关键。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Since tiredness and increased stress leave us more likely to experience anxiety, a well-balanced diet and enough rest are helpful. Above all, exercise can help us manage it better.”可知，定期锻炼和均衡饮食有助于减轻焦虑，因此每周做运动并有均衡饮食的人最擅长管理焦虑。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文探讨了焦虑这一普遍存在的情绪，并提供几个实用的建议，包括保持对焦虑的好奇心、改善生活方式、定期锻炼以及公开讨论焦虑等，以帮助人们更好地管理和应对焦虑情绪。因此本文是关于几种减少焦虑负面影响的方法。故选B。 （5） （2025·北京石景山·二模） Breathing heavily, sixteen-year-old Ava Carter climbed the rocky mountain road. Ava had always been a quiet, thoughtful girl—until she lost her position as editor (编辑) of the school magazine, a role she had proudly held for two years. When she began to doubt herself too much, she left the noisy school behind and came to the mountains, searching for more than just a new beginning. This wasn’t just a hike to clear her mind. Ava was on a journey to rediscover herself. Though the road was difficult, each step filled her spirit with new energy. On the second day, while walking through a hard part of the path, she saw something strange—a young eagle lying on the ground, hurt and unable to fly well. It looked weak and helpless after last night’s storm. Ava felt sad and wanted to help it. Right away, she made a camp near the bird and gave it water and food, hoping it would trust her. The eagle watched her carefully, backing away at first. But Ava stayed, speaking softly with endless patience. She refused to leave the suffering creature alone. Day after day, she returned, focusing only on helping the eagle. She built it a small home, gently cleaned its wounded wing, and made sure it had enough food to recover. Sometimes Ava questioned whether she was making a difference. Yet, as the eagle grew stronger, so did she. Weeks later, Ava woke to find the eagle standing tall on a rock, spreading its wings wide to face the rising sun. It’s healed (愈合) completely. A deep sense of peace filled Ava’s heart—something she hadn’t felt in a long time. She had set out to heal the bird, but in doing so, she had found her own hidden strength. Ava watched the bird flying with tears in her eyes—joy and sadness mixed together. The bird was free, and in that moment, she felt free too. Back at school, she started a blog where she shared stories of growth. Her words soon inspired others, just as she had been inspired. “Sometimes, helping others is the only way to uncover the courage we’ve hidden inside,” she said. 1．Why did Ava go to the mountains? A．She wanted to help the eagle. B．She went to rediscover herself. C．She enjoyed hiking on her own. D．She planned camping near the bird. 2．How did Ava help the eagle? A．She called a vet for help. B．She gave it food and water. C．She trained the bird to fly on its own. D．She took it to a hospital for treatment. 3．What did Ava learn from this experience? A．Helping others can help us discover inner strength. B．Real power comes from being alone and independent. C．When facing difficulties, we should change the environment. D．Personal growth depends on the experiences outside of school. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文讲述艾娃因失去校刊编辑职位而前往山区徒步，在救助受伤老鹰的过程中重新找回自我力量的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Ava was on a journey to rediscover herself.”可知，艾娃去山区的目的是重新发现自我。选项B“她去重新发现自我”符合文意。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“she made a camp near the bird and gave it water and food”及“gently cleaned its wounded wing, and made sure it had enough food to recover”可知，艾娃通过提供水和食物、清洁伤口等方式帮助老鹰。选项B“她给它食物和水”为直接措施。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“she had set out to heal the bird, but in doing so, she had found her own hidden strength”及“helping others is the only way to uncover the courage we’ve hidden inside”可知，艾娃从救助老鹰的经历中领悟到帮助他人能激发内在力量。选项A“帮助他人可以帮助我们发现内在力量”符合主题。故选A。 （6） （2025·北京西城·二模）I had a friend who was a real “score keeper”. She had grown up learning: “Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” Every favor or act of kindness done to her then had to be paid for either in cash or in kind. Once when I helped her with her gardening and forgot to tell her when I was done, she followed me to my house to pay me. My parents grew up not wanting to take charity either, but they still often helped others. Mom would make food to share and give away vegetables from our garden, while dad would often do chores for someone in need. When they did so, I always saw a special sparkle (神采) in their eyes and joy in their smiles. It wasn’t about keeping score. It was about the simple pleasure of helping others and the deep sense of fulfillment (满足) that came from it. Then one night, our home caught fire and burned to the ground. We all survived, but we lost everything we owned. The next morning, as the sun rose, we stood in the remains of our home, feeling completely lost. But help soon arrived. Neighbors brought us food and clothes, found us a place to stay temporarily (暂时地), and helped us build a new house. There was no way we could ever repay their kindness and love. Yet, I saw that no one expected us to. In the faces of each person who helped us were those same sparkling eyes and joyful smiles. In those difficult days, I realized that the community’s kindness and love weren’t about keeping score. It was about the joy of giving. They didn’t expect anything in return. They gave because they could, because they wanted to, and because it made them happy. Their actions showed the power of unconditional love and the strength of a community that supports one another. You see, when it comes to love, we are given more love than we can ever repay. And the truth is, the more love you share, the more love you have. The more you give. the more you receive. The true reward isn’t in the keeping of score, but in the sharing of love. 1．What did the writer’s mom do to help others? A．She usually made food to share. B．She did chores for people in need. C．She bought vegetables for neighbors. D．She helped neighbors with gardening. 2．How did the writer’s neighbors support his family? A．By washing clothes for them. B．By saving them from the fire. C．By helping them build a new house. D．By inviting them to live in their home. 3．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．People cannot live without love and kindness. B．“Score keepers” lead a life full of love and kindness. C．Love and kindness aren’t about paying and repaying. D．Communities should offer unconditional love and kindness. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍作者对比了“计较回报”与“无私助人”的不同态度，通过自家火灾后邻居的援助，领悟到爱的真谛在于分享而非交换，给予本身就是快乐。 1．细节理解题。根据“Mom would make food to share and give away vegetables from our garden”可知，妈妈经常通过制作食物来分享去帮助别人。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Neighbors brought us food and clothes, found us a place to stay temporarily (暂时地), and helped us build a new house.”可知，邻居帮作者家建房子。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者对比了“计较回报”与“无私助人”的不同态度，通过自家火灾后邻居的援助，领悟到爱的真谛在于分享而非交换，给予本身就是快乐。故选C。 （7） （2025·北京大兴·二模） The Perfect You Lily was a shy girl who often felt like she wasn’t “enough.” She compared herself to her classmates. Some were amazing at sports or dancing. Some had lots of friends. Lily often thought, “Why can’t I be like them?” This question felt like a puzzle she had never solved. One day Lily found a puzzle game online—The Perfect You. Curiously, Lily clicked it and there was a puzzle piece with a green light on the screen. Suddenly, the puzzle piece spoke, “What makes you happy?” Lily gasped (倒吸气) and quickly closed the website, too scared to answer. She tried to forget about it, but that night, the shining puzzle piece appeared in her mind. Lily couldn’t sleep. The next morning, Lily thought for a long time and opened the game again. Then, she answered the question she saw on the screen yesterday, “I feel happy when I play with Meria.” To her surprise, the puzzle piece flew to its correct place. Then, a second puzzle piece appeared, shining even brighter, and asked, “What are you proud of?” Lily thought for a long time before answering. “I’m proud of myself when I help other kids.” The puzzle piece flew to its correct place just like the first one. Day by day, more puzzle pieces appeared, each asking a question. Sometimes it was easy to answer. Sometimes it wasn’t. Finally, the last puzzle piece appeared. It asked, “Do you feel left out (受冷落) sometimes?” Lily froze. “I don’t know.” But then she remembered when her friends worked together and didn’t include her. Then, Lily remembered her mom telling her: “It’s OK to feel alone sometimes. Everyone gets to choose their friends, but don’t give up on yourself!” Taking a deep breath, Lily said, “Yes, I feel left out sometimes, but I know it’s OK.” The whole puzzle shined and turned into a shiny mirror. Instead of showing someone “perfect,” the mirror reflected Lily’s own smiling face with the words: Be yourself. Lily felt warmth spread through her. She realized she didn’t need to be like Sarah, Jake, or Meria. She just needed to be herself. 1．How did Lily feel when she heard the puzzle piece speak at first? A．Confused. B．Scared. C．Lucky. D．Excited. 2．When does Lily feel proud of herself? A．When she plays with Meria. B．When she helps other kids. C．When she wins a puzzle game. D．When she remembers her mom’s words. 3．What can we learn from Lily’s story? A．Comparison can steal your joy, so just be yourself. B．Nothing is difficult if you set your mind to it. C．All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. D．No way is impossible to courage. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文讲述了害羞女孩莉莉因自我怀疑而困扰，通过一款名为“The Perfect You”的拼图游戏，逐步发现自身价值的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“ Lily gasped (倒吸气) and quickly closed the website, too scared to answer.”可知，Lily最初听到拼图说话时的反应是害怕。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“I’m proud of myself when I help other kids.”可知，Lily在帮助他人时会感到自豪。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据“She realized she didn’t need to be like Sarah, Jake, or Meria. She just needed to be herself.”以及全文Lily通过拼图游戏学会接纳自己的经历可推知，故事的核心启示是“比较会夺走你的快乐，做自己就好”。故选A。 （8） （2025·北京顺义·二模） Living in Two Worlds Bella walked angrily to her room and shut the door loudly. “Why can’t I have a birthday party?” She shouted. Her grandmother didn’t believe in birthday parties, thinking they were unnecessary. Bella had lived with her grandmother since she was four, after being rescued from an orphanage (孤儿院). Her grandmother was kind but strict, holding on to old rules. Tomorrow was speech day and Bella still hadn’t thought of a topic. On speech day, Bella stood nervously before the class, turning over her cue cards. “The house I live in with my grandmother,” she began, “has been the same since my grandfather died 50 years ago. Also, we don’t have a TV or computer,” she said. Her classmates gave he sympathetic (同情的) looks. Bella looked up and then spoke loudly. “But my life is better than in the orphanage. I’m grateful my grandmother rescued me. She is kind, but just once, I would love a birthday party, not for presents, but to feel special. However, my grandmother said no. So, here I am, going to school in one century and going home to a world in another.” Her classmates and Mr. Barlow, the teacher, had tears in their eyes. “That,” said Mr. Barlow, “was a real speech. It made us think and feel.” On Bella’s birthday, her grandmother invited her to the park after school. When Bella arrived, she saw her grandmother in bright, unusual clothes, shouting, “Happy birthday!” Mr. Barlow and Bella’s classmates jumped out from the bushes, throwing a surprise birthday party with balloons, food, and presents. Bella’s grandmother smiled and said, “Mr. Barlow read me your speech. It made me think. It’s time for us to live in the present. There’s going to be new furniture, new paint, and a new me!” “Does that mean a computer and television?” Bella asked. “Possibly,” smiled her grandmother, “But that doesn’t mean there won’t be rules for some things!” 1．How did Bella’s classmates feel about her speech? A．Angry. B．Moved. C．Nervous. D．Grateful. 2．Why does Bella feel like she is living in two worlds? A．She was born in one city but raised in another. B．Her school life and home life are very different. C．She follows strict-rules both at school and at home. D．Her life in the orphanage is different from school life. 3．What did Bella’s grandmother decide to do after hearing her speech? A．To continue living the same way as before. B．To hold a birthday party for Bella every year. C．To buy a computer and television for the home. D．To live more in the present and make some changes. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文讲述了Bella因祖母拒绝为她举办生日派对而感到愤怒，但她通过一次感人至深的演讲表达了对祖母的感激以及对现代生活的渴望，最终感动了祖母和同学，祖母决定改变传统观念，为Bella举办惊喜派对并承诺让家庭生活与时俱进的故事。 1．细节理解题。据“Her classmates and Mr. Barlow, the teacher, had tears in their eyes.”可知，同学们和老师听完演讲后眼含泪水，这一细节直接表明他们被演讲内容打动。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“here I am, going to school in one century and going home to a world in another.”可知，贝拉将学校生活比作 “一个世纪”，将家庭生活比作 “另一个世界”，暗示学校环境与家中老式的生活方式形成鲜明对比（如家中没有电视、电脑），因此她认为自己生活在 “两个世界” 中。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“It’s time for us to live in the present. There’s going to be new furniture, new paint, and a new me!”可知，祖母在听完演讲后意识到需要拥抱当下，明确提到要更换家具、粉刷房屋，并改变自己，这体现了她 “活在当下并做出改变” 的决定。故选D。 （9） （2025·北京海淀·二模） Last summer, my school’s choir (合唱团) was invited to perform in a nationwide choral competition hosted by Disney World. As a special treat to all performers, we were given the freedom to explore the parks in small groups. I teamed up with my friends Beth, Matt, Steve and Bob, and the five of us hung out enjoying the parks. The weather was extremely hot. I wore a big hat and drank frequently. Beth laughed at me for overreacting and insisted she was fine when I expressed concern about her not drinking enough water. Unfortunately, right after I’d finished and threw away my bottle of water, I noticed something wrong with Beth—her face was pale and her eyes were unfocused. Realizing she might have a heat stroke, I called out to Steve and asked him to get Beth to the shade of a tree. The most medical knowledge I had was from the first aid class I took last term, but it was more than anyone else present did. “I think Beth’s having a heat stroke. Steve, stay here with her. Matt, get a park EMT (医疗救护员). Bob, you’re with me. She needs water!” I shouted. Steve and Matt immediately did as asked. Bob and I ran to the nearest store. Unluckily, there was a long waiting line before the counter. Breathlessly and with courage, I asked the first customer if I could cut in front of her. Having learned what had happened, the woman agreed without hesitation. I paid, grabbed the water bottles and ran out as fast as I could, shouting thank-you to those in line who had helped us. I made it back to Beth and Steve, opened one bottle and poured half of the water over Beth’s head and neck. She sighed and opened her eyes. I gave the bottle to Beth, instructing her to drink slowly. Around that time, Matt arrived with a pair of EMTs who checked out Beth and praised us for staying calm and doing the right thing. Soon, Beth was much better. Then, we hurriedly took a taxi to rush to the music hall where we were going to perform. Thankfully, the performance was just about to start and none of us was late. Beth, at the time, was completely fine. I let out a long sigh and smiled in relief. This was probably the single greatest moment of human togetherness I had ever experienced. 1．What was the special treat to all performers? A．To explore the parks. B．To get first aid training. C．To attend a summer camp. D．To take part in a competition. 2．Realizing Beth was in a heat stroke, the writer ________. A．gave Beth some medicine B．instructed her friends to help C．stayed with Beth under a tree D．called the choir director at once 3．What did the writer realize at the end of the story? A．Hanging out with friends brings much fun. B．Following others’ advice leads to a healthy life. C．Taking part in competitions enriches school life. D．Working together plays a key role in emergencies. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文讲述了作者所在合唱团在迪士尼参加全国合唱比赛时的一段经历，合唱团成员Beth因天气炎热出现中暑症状，作者及时挺身而出并指挥同伴协作救助，最终Beth转危为安。 1．细节理解题。根据“As a special treat to all performers, we were given the freedom to explore the parks in small groups.”可知，是让他们自由探索迪士尼乐园。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“I think Beth’s having a heat stroke. Steve, stay here with her. Matt, get a park EMT (医疗救护员). Bob, you’re with me.”可知，作者第一时间指示朋友们分头行动救助Beth。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“This was probably the single greatest moment of human togetherness I had ever experienced.”可知，作者深刻体会到在紧急情况下，同伴互相协作至关重要。故选D。 （10） （2025·北京海淀·二模）Do we use technology, or does it use us? Do our gadgets (设备) improve our lives or just make us weak and lazy? These are old questions, maybe older than you think. Back in 370 BC, Socrates warned that writing could hurt memory. After all, if we write things down, do we still need to remember them? We’ve always greeted new technologies with a mixture of fascination and fear. In 1931, John Bakeless wrote that it was time to ask, “How far is the use of machines something calling for vigorous resistance; and how far is it a good thing, to which we may willingly give in?” The technology that alarmed him might seem, to us, laughably low-tech: printing machines. “It is a curious fact,” he wrote, “we have overlooked the machine’s deep influence on the human mind.” He was particularly worried about how technology was used by the media to control what people thought and talked about. For the first time, he believed, a world-wide public opinion was becoming possible. About 50 years later, as telephone answering machines became common, some people worried that machines, while useful, were encouraging self-centered thoughts and actions, resulting in social isolation (隔绝). In 2017, musician and thinker David Byrne said that social media allowed us to stay “connected” without meeting face-to-face. But he also stressed it would increase divisions by strengthening echo effects—people only hear ideas they already believe. Just last year, Will Douglas warned that AI tools would destroy children’s critical thinking skills. But maybe it’s time we pause and ask: do our fears about new technologies come to pass? Most of the time, no. Throughout history, we’ve shifted between “Wow, this is amazing!” and “It’s scary—this is going to change us in some negative way.” And then, something interesting happens—we get used to it and life goes on. Maybe the problem isn't technology at all; maybe it’s us. Technology doesn’t make us weak, lazy or foolish. It’s our fear of it that holds us back. The printing press, the telephone, and the Internet all seemed scary at first. Now, they’re just part of everyday life. If we are to ever create the ideal human society—one with enough time for art, music and science—it was unlikely we’d get it done without technology. We just need to make sure that technology serves us instead of the other way around. Just as Bakeless wrote back in 1931, “We must put the machine in its place.” 1．The words “vigorous resistance” in Paragraph 2 are closest in meaning to “________”. A．active attention B．strong opposition C．careful planning D．rapid spread 2．What is Bakeless’s opinion on the printing machines? A．They would cause a world-wide discussion. B．They were important tools for the news industry. C．They might help the media control people's minds. D．They encouraged self-centered thoughts and actions. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Socrates was right in warning about the effect of writing. B．Social media is sure to influence people in negative ways. C．AI tools have improved children's critical thinking ability. D．Worries about new technologies are actually unnecessary. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To argue that technology is harmful to humans by nature. B．To remind people not to fear technology but to use it wisely. C．To teach us to create an ideal society with modern machines. D．To show the role of technology in the development of society. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要探讨了人类对新技术的恐惧与适应，通过历史案例和辩证分析，揭示技术与人类关系的本质。 1．词义猜测题。根据“We’ve always greeted new technologies with a mixture of fascination and fear.”以及“ ‘How far is the use of machines something calling for vigorous resistance; and how far is it a good thing, to which we may willingly give in?’ ”可知，我们总带着即着迷又害怕的复杂心情迎接新技术，所提出的两个问题，是对机器使用不同态度的对比，一种是需要……的；另一种是可以欣然接受的。故划线部分“vigorous resistance”意为“强烈反对”。故选B。 2．观点态度题。根据第二段“He was particularly worried about how technology was used by the media to control what people thought and talked about.”可知，Bakeless担心印刷机被媒体用来控制人们的思想。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Maybe the problem isn’t technology at all; maybe it’s us. Technology doesn’t make us weak, lazy or foolish. It’s our fear of it that holds us back.”可知，作者认为人们对技术的担忧大多未成真，问题在于人类自身而非技术。故选项D“新技术的担忧其实不必要”符合作者观点。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文通过多个历史案例说明人们对技术的恐惧常被夸大，最终呼吁正确使用技术。选项B“为了提醒人们不要害怕技术而是要智慧使用它。”最能准确概括这一目的。故选B。 （11） （2025·北京房山·二模）“I’m really tired—do you have any ideas for getting a good night’s sleep?” Sleep is not only a common topic in our daily talks, but we have also spent many years trying to understand and explain it. After all, we spend about 26 years of our lives sleeping. So, what do we know? Here are the main points from the research in the last ten years. Studies have shown that getting enough sleep is good for keeping a strong immune system (免疫系统). When we sleep, our body not only rests but also works hard to strengthen our defenses against diseases. So, if you want to stay healthy and avoid getting sick easily, make sure to have a good night’s sleep. It’s not just about feeling refreshed in the morning; it’s also a powerful way to protect your body from illness. One of the most interesting findings is about lucid dreaming. It seems it’s possible to communicate with people while they’re sleeping. In a study, the researchers found the dreamers could use their thinking abilities, like short—term memory, while sleeping. This connection between the dream world and the real world has brought excitement to the sleep science community. Sleep can also help our memory and problem-solving. A 2023 review of research by Denis and Cairney noted that when we sleep, our brains go over the things that happened during the day. This is very important for keeping our memories. A 2019 study by Sanders and his team found that people were more likely to solve a difficult problem the next day if the problem was in their minds during sleep. So, if you can’t work out the problem, rest well and return to it in the morning. What if you are unlucky and don’t get enough sleep? Unfortunately, you may be at higher risk of negative moods and worse emotional controlling. But the good news is that there are lots of ways to help you sleep better. The UK’s National Health Service suggests going to bed at a fixed time, doing some quiet thinking before bed, which they call “beditation” and not drinking coffee before bed. 1．According to the passage, why is getting enough sleep good for our health? A．It helps us to review daily memories. B．It improves our body to fight diseases. C．It refreshes mental focus about illness. D．It connects dream worlds with real world. 2．What does the word “lucid” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Clear-minded. B．Strong-willed. C．Strange. D．Wonderful. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Drinking coffee before bed helps you form beditation. B．Our brains can get a good rest when we sleep in the night. C．Sleep is important for daily work and emotional controlling. D．Dreamers could use short-term memory to solve problems. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show different kinds of sleep disorders. B．To provide trips for improving sleep quality. C．To explain the science behind lucid dreaming. D．To discuss the importance of sleep and its effects. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了睡眠的重要性及其多方面影响，包括增强免疫系统、促进记忆巩固与问题解决、实现清醒梦状态下的沟通，以及睡眠不足对情绪的负面影响，并简要提及改善睡眠的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Studies have shown that getting enough sleep is good for keeping a strong immune system. When we sleep, our body not only rests but also works hard to strengthen our defenses against diseases.”可知，充足的睡眠有助于维持强大的免疫系统；当我们睡觉时，我们的身体不仅得到休息，还会努力增强抵御疾病的抵抗力。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段“One of the most interesting findings is about lucid dreaming. It seems it’s possible to communicate with people while they’re sleeping. In a study, the researchers found the dreamers could use their thinking abilities, like short—term memory, while sleeping.”可知，做梦者在睡眠中能使用短期记忆等思维能力，且能与现实世界沟通，说明此时梦境是清晰的、有意识的；据此可以推断，划线单词“lucid”的意思是“清晰的”，与“clear-minded”同义。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Sleep can also help our memory and problem-solving.”可知，睡眠帮助记忆和解决问题，对应“daily work”；又根据最后一段“What if you are unlucky and don’t get enough sleep? Unfortunately, you may be at higher risk of negative moods and worse emotional controlling.”可知，睡眠不足会导致情绪控制能力下降，反向说明睡眠对“emotional controlling”重要。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主要围绕睡眠对免疫、记忆、情绪等方面的影响展开，核心是讨论其重要性及作用。故选D。 （12） （2025·北京顺义·二模）David never thought of himself as a negative person. But three trips to the hospital in one month led him to reconsider his mindset towards life. Before May 2018, he was healthy. He was living in New York City, working at a company he founded and cycling daily. Yet David always felt worried. One day, his health began to suffer. He could hardly walk, could not see clearly, and his blood pressure suddenly increased greatly. At the hospital, doctors suspected (怀疑) a stroke but never found the cause. A close friend pointed out David’s negative mindset and suggested he might be burned out. David describes this friend as “one of the most optimistic (乐观的) people” he knows. After recovery, David started looking at the world very differently. He started deep, calm, purposeful breathing, taking time each morning to feel thankful to be alive, and found purpose by co-founding a nonprofit (非盈利的) organization. Since then, he hasn’t experienced similar health problems, crediting (归功于) his new positive mindset. “After there was a life-changing event,” he said. “it forced me to become optimistic. I can’t imagine living life the way I did before.” His story is similar to what many studies show about positive thinking and health. Studies have shown a link between a positive mindset and good health. “Optimism means the expectation that good things will happen, or believing the future will be favorable because we can control important outcomes,” said Hayami Koga. She is a researcher at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies. She was the lead writer on a 2022 study that found optimism was linked to longer lives and a greater chance of living past the age of 90. Another study showed optimists generally stayed in better physical health as they aged. “Some people are born more optimistic. However, it can be learned,” said Sue Varma. She is a professor of psychiatry at New York University. She said that even for people who do not naturally “see the glass half full”, there are skills that you can learn. Varma suggests noticing how you deal with uncertainty. Do you worry and wait for the worst to happen? If you do, then try to re-think the situation by looking for silver linings or determining whether a problem can be solved. Imagine the best possible result and steps to get there. Finding purpose through volunteering or bringing your interests to work can help, as can learning new skills to keep your mind from thinking too much about negative situations. Though changing your mindset isn’t easy, regular practice helps. “It’s a toolset. It’s a mindset,” Varma said, adding that it’s something she practices daily. 1．Why does the writer use the example of David in the first two paragraphs? A．To focus on the importance of hard work and effort. B．To warn about sudden health problems among young people. C．To show how a negative mindset can lead to health problems. D．To explain why people can be successful even with health problems. 2．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Being optimistic is all up to chance. B．Hoping for good things happens every day. C．Seeing the glass half full avoids challenges. D．Changing one’s mindset takes practice and effort. 3．What does the phrase “silver linings” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．The hidden causes behind an unexpected event. B．The positive side in a bad situation. C．The quick decision on a situation. D．The way to deal with uncertainty. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To discuss the influence of optimism. B．To encourage people to stay optimistic. C．To compare different ways to learn optimism. D．To provide some evidence of being optimistic. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了积极心态对健康的重要性，通过大卫的个人经历和多项研究结果，论证了负面心态可能引发健康问题，而乐观心态有助于改善健康状况、延长寿命，并鼓励人们通过练习培养乐观心态。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段描述David因负面心态导致健康问题，后通过转变为积极心态恢复健康的内容可知，作者用David的例子是为了展示负面心态如何导致健康问题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Some people are born more optimistic. However, it can be learned”以及最后一段“Though changing your mindset isn’t easy, regular practice helps”可知，作者认为改变心态需要练习和努力。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“silver linings”所在句的上下文“re-think the situation by looking for…”和“determining whether a problem can be solved”可推断，该短语指在糟糕情境中寻找积极面。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。全文通过David的案例和科学研究强调乐观心态对健康的益处，并给出培养乐观心态的方法，主要目的是鼓励人们保持乐观。故选B。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $