内容正文:
Unit 3 Growing Up(单元复习)
词句背默清单
重点单词
Verb 动词
1. 建议;劝告
2. 原谅;宽恕
3. 道歉
4. 关闭;合上;住嘴
5. 发出铃声
6. 进入
7. 重复
8. 表现;举止得体
9. 继续存在;保持不变
Noun名词
1. 情感;情绪
2. 怒火
3. 过错;责任
4. 礼物
5. 奖;奖品
6. 压力
7. 目的;意图
8. 运动员;选手
9. 裁判
10. 决定
11. 得分;比分
12. 教练
13. 有点儿;稍微
14. 解决办法;解决
15. 物理;物理学
Adjective形容词
1. 难过的;沮丧的
2. 孤独的;寂寞的
3. 震惊的
4. 伤感情的
5. 沮丧的;低的
6. 骄傲的;自豪的
7. 高兴的 ;令人愉快的
8. 感谢的;感激的
9. 否定的;消极的
10. 醒着的
11. 正常的;普通的
12. 发狂的;疯的
13. 刻薄的;吝啬的
14. 深的;有……深的
Adverb 副词
1. 独自;单独
2. 清楚地
3. 最后
4. 不同地
Pronoun 代词
1. 充足;丰富;大量
2. 每人;所有人
3. 任何人
Conjunction 连词
1. 虽然;尽管
多重词性词
1. v. & n. 控制
2. n. 标准;水平 adj. 标准的
3. v. & modal v. 敢于
4. v. 霸凌;恐吓n. 恶霸
词汇拓展
1.emotion n.情感;情绪:→ adj.情感的;情绪的
2.lonely adj.孤独的;寂寞的:→ n.孤独;寂寞
3.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事 v.使震惊;使惊愕:→ adj.震惊的;→ adj.令人震惊的
4.anger n.怒火:→angry adj.愤怒的;生气的→ adv.生气地
5.advise v.建议;劝告:→ n.建议
6.forgive v.原谅;宽恕:→(过去式) →(过去分词) → n.原谅;宽恕
7.hurt n.伤害:→ adj.伤感情的
8.clear adj.清晰的;清楚的:→ adv.清楚地
9.apologize v.道歉:→ n.道歉
10.shut v.关闭;合上;住嘴:→(过去式) →(过去分词)
11.low adj.沮丧的;低的:→(反义词) adj.兴奋的;高的
12.enter v.进入:→ n.入口
13.decide v.决定:→ n.决定
14.joy n.喜悦;乐趣:→ adj.高兴的;令人愉快的
15.positive adj.乐观的;积极的;良好的:→(反义词) adj.否定的;消极的
16.bully n.恶霸:→(复数)
17.different adj.不同的:→ adv.不同地→ n.差别;差异
18.normal adj.正常的;普通的:→ adv.正常地;通常
19.press v.压;按;挤;推:→ n.压力
20.last adj.最后的;末尾的:→ adv.最后
21.ring v.发出铃声:→(过去式) →(过去分词)
22.play v.玩:→ n.运动员;选手
23.solve v.解决;解答:→ n.解决办法;解决
24.thank v.感谢;谢谢:→ adj.感谢的;感激的
25.behave v.表现;举止得体:→ n.行为;举止
26.awake adj.醒着的:→(反义词) adj.睡着的→ v.醒;唤醒
27.mad adj.发狂的;疯的:→(比较级) →(最高级) → n.疯狂
重点短语
1. 处理;对付 with
2. 听说 about
3. 今后;从今以后in
4. 为了,以便so
5. 尽释前嫌 the air
6. 对某物感到满意be with sth
7. 将……与……相比 ...with...
8. 解释清楚;传达get
9. 故意;有意地on
10. 减少一半 by half
11. 设身处地;处于某人的境地
put in sb’s shoes
12. 使你的头脑清醒clear your
13. 把……关 ( 藏 ) 起 来;隔离
sb/sth away
14. 充足;大量 of
15. 感到忧郁的feel
16. 欢天喜地on of the world
17. 笑容满面all
18. 情绪低落;精神不振in low
19. 使失望let
20. 对……苛刻或过分严厉
be on
21. 撤回;收回 back
22. (因干了蠢事等)自责或懊恼
oneself
23. 从好的方面想;抱乐观态度
on the bright side
24. 为……感到骄傲 of
25. 也;又as
26. 有点儿;稍微a
27. 齐心协力;通力合作 together 28. 即使;虽然even
29. 冲某人喊叫 at sb
30. 不时;偶尔from time time
31. 深呼吸take a breath
32. 去世(委婉说法) away
33. 不但……而且…… not ...but also...
重点句子
1. 如果你做错了事,或许你应该先说声对不起。If you did , maybe you should say sorry first.
2. 直到你与他们交谈,他们可能才知道你的感受。 you talk to them, they might not know how you .
3. 尽管你们吵架了,但你们仍然是非常亲密的朋友。 you argued, you are still very
friends.
4. 最后,记得照顾好你自己。吃健康的食物,锻炼身体,保证充足的睡眠。 , remember to yourself. Eat healthy food, exercise, and get enough sleep.
5. 更重要的是从错误中吸取教训,这样以后就不会重蹈覆辙了。It’s more to learn from your mistakes you don’t repeat them .
6. 如果我们齐心协力,下次一定会赢。 we pull together, we should win next time.
7. 归属感可以帮助你对抗孤独感。A of belonging can help you to fight the feeling of .
8. (我)非常感谢您,您不仅是我的老师,也是我的朋友。Thank you so much for being .
重点知识解析
知识点1 deal with处理;对付
辨析:deal with与do with
deal with
意为 “ 处理;对付 ”
侧重处理问题的方式、方法,常与疑问词how连用。
do with
侧重处理的对象,常与疑问词what连用。
·We should learn to with all kinds of difficulties. 我们应该学会处理各种各样的困难。
·Teachers know how to with kids who don’t listen. 老师知道如何应对不听讲的孩子。
I don’t know how to deal with( = to do with) my trouble. 我不知道怎样解决我的麻烦。
知识点2.upset / ʌp' set / adj.难过的;沮丧的 (教材P22)
(1) upset adj.意为 “ 难过的;沮丧的 ”,不用于名词前作定语。常见用法:
You look upset.你看起来很沮丧。
① be upset about / at / over (doing) sth.因(做)某事沮丧
She was upset failing the math test.她因数学考试不及格而沮丧。
② be upset with sb. 生某人的气
I'm upset my brother for breaking my bike.我因弟弟弄坏了我的自行车而生气。
(2)upset还可以作动词,意为 “ 使烦恼;打乱 ”。过去式为upset.
The loud noise the baby. 吵闹声让宝宝不高兴。
知识点3.lonely / ˈləʊnli / adj.孤独的;寂寞的 (教材P22)
辨析:lonely与alone
lonely
形容词
“孤独的;寂寞的”,强调主观感情,心灵上的孤独,带有伤感的色彩。既可作定语也可作表语。feel lonely“感到孤独”。
“偏僻的;人迹罕至的”,只用于名词前作定语。
alone
副词
“独自;单独”,相当于by oneself。
强调独自一人的客观情况,不含感情色彩。
形容词
“单独的;独自的”,常用作表语。
· She often feels when her parents are away on business.父母出差时,她常常感到孤独。
· She wrote a story about a child in the big city.她写了一个关于大城市里孤独小孩的故事。
· They live in a village far from the town.他们住在远离城镇的偏僻村庄里。
· For years Mary lived in New York.玛丽孤身一人在纽约生活了好几年。
· He feels calm when he's .他独处时感到平静。
Although I was travelling in the lonely desert, I didn’t feel because I enjoyed
being .
虽然我独自一人在荒凉的沙漠中旅行,但我并不感到孤独,因为我喜欢独处。
知识点4.shocked / ʃɒkt / adj.震惊的 (教材P22)
shocked adj. 意为 “ 震惊的 ”,在句中常作表语,其主语是人。shocked的常见用法:
(1) be shocked at / by...对······感到震惊
Everyone was shocked the news of the sudden earthquake.所有人都对突如其来的地震消息感到震惊。
(2)be shocked to do sth. 对做某事感到震惊
They were shocked see the damage caused by the storm.看到风暴造成的破坏,他们感到震惊。
知识点5.control / kən'trəʊl / v. & n.控制 (教材P22)
(1)control动词,意为 “ 控制 ”,过去式和过去分词都是controlled。现在分词为controlling.
He can keep balance on a skateboard by controlling his body.他能够通过控制身体在滑板上保持平衡。
(2)control还可作名词,是不可数名词,意为“控制”。常见搭配:
① be in control of掌管;管理
He is in control the company.他掌管着这家公司。
② lose control of对······失去控制
The driver lost control his car.那位司机失去了对车的控制。
③ be under control得到控制
The situation is under .局势得到了控制。
④ out of control失控
The fire is burning of control.火势失控了。
⑤ under the control of...在······的控制之下
The fire was finally the control of the firefighters.大火最终被消防员控制住了。
The project has been the control of Mr. Li since last month.这个项目从上个月起就由李先生负责管理
知识点5 Ella advised Peter to call Harry. 埃拉建议彼得给哈里打电话。 (教材 P22 1b)
advise / əd'vaɪz / v. 建议;劝告 (教材P22)
(1)advise v. “ 建议,劝告 ”,具体用法:
① advise sb. about / on sth. 就某事给某人建议或忠告
The teacher advised me choosing a university major.老师就选择大学专业给了我建议。
② advise sb. (not) to do sth.建议某人(不)做某事
The doctor advised me take more rest and drink plenty of water.医生建议我多休息并多喝水。
The teacher advised us use modern technology to do our homework.老师建议我们不要使用现代科技做作业。
③ advise against doing sth. 建议不要做某事
The guidebook advises against the museum on Mondays.旅行指南建议不要周一去参观博物馆。
④ advise doing sth. 建议做某事
My teacher advised in groups for the exam.老师建议我们分组备考。
⑤ advise + that从句,意为“建议……”,that从句中谓语用 ( should+ ) 动词原形。
They advise a passport should be carried with you at all times.他们建议护照要随时带在身边。
(2) advice n. 建议
Could you give me some on study? 请你就学习方面给我一些建议好吗?
知识点6 in future今后;从今以后 (教材P23)
辨析:in future 与in the future
in future
相当于from now on, 意为 “ 往后;从今以后 ”,侧重强调从现在开始。
用于纠正错误、提出警告或表达 “从现在起必须改变的行为 ”,通常搭配命令 / 建议。
in the future
“在将来”,指离现在较远的将来一段时间。常与一般将来时连用。
用于谈论未来计划、可能性或长期趋势,强调 “ 未来时间范围 ”,通常搭配具体事件。
·Don't be late again. , come to school on time!别再迟到了。今后要准时到校!
·I want to be an astronaut .长大后我想成为一名宇航员。
知识点7 I forgive you. 我原谅你了。(教材 P23 2a)
forgive / fə 'gɪv / v. (forgave / fə'geɪv /, forgiven / fə'gɪvn / )原谅;宽恕 (教材P23)
(1) forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事原谅某人
Please forgive me for late.请原谅我迟到了。
(2) forgive oneself for sth. 因为某事原谅自己
You need to forgive for the mistake.你需要原谅自己的错误。
(3)sb. be forgiven (for sth.) 某人被原谅(因为某事)
He was after saying sorry.他道歉后被原谅了。
知识点8 clear the air尽释前嫌(教材P23)
clear the air是一个常用习语,意为 “ 尽释前嫌 ”,指消除误会、缓和紧张气氛、化解矛盾。
侧重过程性的沟通、疏导情绪。
(1) clear the air (between sb.) 消除(某人之间的)误会
Yesterday we the air and said sorry to each other.昨天我们互相道歉、尽释前嫌了。
(2) clear the air by doing sth. 通过做某事缓和气氛
Let's the air before the game. We need to work together!比赛前咱们尽释前嫌吧!我们需要齐心协力!
知识点9 Peter told Harry the guitar was a birthday present from his grandfather... 彼得告诉哈里,这把吉他是他祖父送的生日礼物…… (教材P23 2c)
present / ' preznt / n.礼物 (教材P23)
(1) present n.意为 “ 礼物 ”,相当于gift, 是可数名词。
She gave me a beautiful .她给了我一个漂亮的礼物。
(2)present作名词的其他含义,“ 现在 ”, at present现在,目前。
What are you doing present?你现在在做什么?
(3) present作形容词的两种含义
① adj. “ 现在的 ”,仅用于名词前作定语。
He is pleased with his work.他对现在的工作满意。
② adj. “ 出席的;在场的 ”,修饰名词要后置。
There were 200 people when the meeting started.会议开始时有200人在场。
(4)present v. “ 颁发;授予 ”
The headmaster Mr. Wang with a medal. 校长授予王老师一块奖牌。
知识点10 Yeah, but my parents have very high standards. 是的,但我父母的要求很高。(教材 P24 3a)
1.standard / 'stændəd / n.标准;水平 adj. 标准的 (教材P24)
(1)standard n. 意为 “ 标准;水平 ”,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。常见搭配:
① above standard超过标准
The handmade furniture is above in terms of both quality and design.这件手工家具在质量和设计方面都超过标准。
② below standard未达到标准;不合格
The quality of this batch of toys is standard. 这批玩具的质量未达到标准。
③ up to standard达到标准,合格
The machine's operation is now standard.这台机器的运行现在达到标准了。
④ reach / meet the standard达到标准
She worked hard and finally the standard.她努力学习,最终达到了标准。
⑤ have high standards有很高的标准
(2)standard还可作形容词,意为 “ 标准的 ”。
The room comes with a double bed and a desk.这间房配备标准双人床和书桌。
知识点11 She gets better grades, plays the piano well, often wins awards... 她成绩更好,钢琴弹得很好,还经常获奖…… (教材 P24 3a)
award / ə 'wɔ:d / n.奖;奖品 (教材P24)
(1) award n. 意为 “ 奖;奖品 ”,可数名词。 win / receive an award赢得 / 获得奖项。
He won the best player of the year .他获得年度最佳运动员奖。
She did well in this test and her mother gave her an .她在这次考试中做得很好,她的妈妈给了她一个奖品。
(2)award还可以作动词,意为 “ 授予 ”。常见用法:
① award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb.给某人颁发某物
The headmaster a medal to the student.校长给那个学生颁发了一枚奖章。
② award the first prize授予一等奖
She studied very hard and was at the end of last year.她学习很用功,去年年底被授予一等奖。
get across解释清楚;传达 (教材P24)
(1) get sth. across ( to sb.) = get across sth.( to sb.)(向某人)讲清楚某事
I need to get this message to the team.我需要把这个信息传达给团队。
(2) get across to sb.向某人传达
The new policy didn't get to the employees. 新政策未被员工理解。
(3)get across clearly清晰传达
Speak louder to get your ideas clearly.大声说才能让你的想法被清楚理解。
知识点12 I’m feeling a lot of pressure because... 我感觉压力很大,因为…… (教材 P24 3d)
pressure / ' preʃə(r) / n.压力 (教材P24)
pressure多指外界施加的压力或工作、生活中的压力,通常用作不可数名词,pressure的常见短语有:
put pressure on sb. 给某人施加压力
under pressure/stress 在压力下
reduce pressure 减轻压力
Parents shouldn't put too much on their children.父母不应该给他们的孩子施加太多压力。
Exercising every day helps me reduce from work.每天锻炼帮我减轻工作压力。
The team made a mistake under during the game.团队在压力下在比赛中犯了错。
知识点13 Although people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn’t always mean that they did it on purpose. 尽管有时可能会有人伤害你,但这并不总是意味着他们是故意这么做的。(教材P25 4b)
purpose / ' pɜːpəs / n.目的;意图 (教材P25)
purpose n.意为 “ 目的;意图 ” 时,是可数名词。 purpose的常见搭配:
(1) the purpose of... ......的目的
The of brushing our teeth is to keep them clean and healthy. 刷牙的目的是保持牙齿干净和健康。
(2) on purpose故意;有意地 (反义短语是by accident)
She ignored me yesterday—maybe she did it purpose.她昨天不理我,可能是故意的。
I found her address accident while cleaning my room.我打扫房间时偶然发现了她的地址。
(3)for the purpose of... 为了……
They built a bridge for the of improving traffic.他们建桥是为了改善交通。
知识点14 Next, share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away. 接下来,与你信任的人分享你的问题,而不是封闭自己。 (教材P25 4c)
shut / ʃʌt / v. 关闭;合上;住嘴 (教材P25)
shut sb. /sth. away把……关/藏起来;隔离
shut down 停业;倒闭;关闭
shut up 闭嘴
(1) shut v. 意为 “ 关闭;合上 ”,一般指关闭门、窗,与close意思相近。常见搭配:
the window, please! The wind is blowing my homework papers away.请关上窗户!风把我的作业纸都吹跑啦!
After eating your cookies, the cookie jar tightly.吃完饼干要盖紧罐子。
① shut off = turn off关闭;停止运转
the game console! You' ve played for two hours straight.关掉游戏机!你已经连续玩了两小时。
② shut sb. / sth. away把······关(藏)起来;隔离
I my secret diary away in a locked box.我把秘密日记锁进盒子里。
③ shut sth. down(使)关张;停业;关闭
The computer system will be on the weekend.计算机系统周末将被关闭。
(2)shut过去式与过去分词均为shut, 现在分词为shutting.
(3)shut作动词,还可意为 “ 闭嘴 ”。 shut up闭嘴。
The baby is sleeping. up, or you' ll wake her up! 宝宝在睡觉,闭嘴!不然会吵醒她!
知识点15 Lastly, remember to take care of yourself. 最后,记得照顾好自己。 (教材P25 4c)
lastly / ' lɑːstli / adv.最后 (教材P25)
(1)lastly adv. 意为 “ 最后 ”,一般置于句首,用以引出所列事情中的最后一项或最后一点。其同义词为finally。
lastly是由 “ 形容词last(最后的)+ 后缀 -ly ” 构成的。
(2) 词汇辨析:
辨析:lastly与at last
lastly
强调按照顺序的 “ 最后 ”。
at last
强调指经过周折、等待、耽搁后 “ 终于 ” 得到所期待的结果。
· , I would like to thank everyone for coming here today.最后,我想感谢大家今天的光临。
· After years of planning, the project was at completed.经过多年规划,项目终于完成了。
知识点16 You should eat healthy food, get plenty of sleep... 你应该吃健康的食物,保证充足的睡眠…… (教材 P25 4c)
plenty作代词,意为 “ 充足;丰富;大量 ” (教材P25)
(1)plenty of意为 “ 充足;大量 ”,常用于肯定句中,相当于a lot of / lots of, 其后可接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词。
(2)相近的短语a number of意为 “ 一些;许多 ”,只能修饰可数名词复数,不能修饰不可数名词。
We need of chairs for the party tonight.今晚的聚会我们需要很多椅子。
He spent of time preparing for the exam.他花了很多时间准备考试。
A number of books in the library to be repaired.图书馆里许多书需要修补。
知识点17 in low spirits 情绪低落 (教材 P26 1a)
low / ləʊ / adj.沮丧的;低的(教材P26)
(1)low adj.意为 “ 沮丧的 ”,形容情绪低落。 常见短语:
in low spirits情绪低落;精神不振,相当于feel down; in high spirits兴高采烈
She looked at the party.她在派对上显得情绪低落。
He's been in spirits since his pet died.自从他的宠物死后,他就一直精神不振。
(2)low作形容词的其他词义及用法:
① “ 低的 ”,既可表示价格低,也可表示声音、温度、水平等低,反义词为high(高的)。常用搭配:
<1> at a low price以低价; <2> in a low voice低声地
The sun is in the sky in the evening.傍晚时太阳低挂在天空。
This shirt is on sale at a price.这件衬衫低价促销。
My friend told me the secret in a voice.我朋友低声告诉我那个秘密。
② “ 矮的 ”,多指桌椅、山、墙、建筑物等矮,表示人矮用short。
The wall around the garden is easy for children to climb.花园周围的矮墙,孩子们很容易爬上去。
(3)low的比较级为lower, 最高级为lowest。
知识点18 When the bell rang, Matt entered the classroom with a heavy heart. 当铃声响起时,马特带着沉重的心情走进教室。(教材 P26 1b)
enter / 'entə(r) / v. 进入 (教材P26)
(1)enter v.意为 “ 进入 ”,既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。作及物动词时,后直接跟地点作宾语,相当于go into…
或come into…, 所以不再与介词into连用。
Please knock at the door before you . 进入前请敲门。(作不及物动词)
She the room quietly.她悄悄地进入了房间。(作及物动词)
(2)enter作动词的其他词义:
① 报名参加:enter the competition参加比赛
They the competition together.他们一起参加了比赛。
② 考上(学校或大学):enter a good university考入一所好大学
I managed to a good university.我成功考入了一所好大学。
③ 开始讨论;着手处理:enter into sth.
We entered a long discussion.我们开始了长时间的讨论。
(3)entrance n. 入口
The to the supermarket is on your left. 超市的入口就在你的左边。
知识点19 dare / deə(r) / v. & modal v. 敢于 (教材P26)
(1) dare v. 意为 “ 敢于 ”,有人称和时态的变化,一般不用于进行时态。构成疑问句和否定句时要借助助动词do的
适当形式。dare to do sth. 敢于做某事。
He won't to break his promise.他不敢违背誓言。
(2) dare还可作情态动词,后跟动词原形,没有人称和数的变化,主要用于疑问句、否定句中。否定句在dare后面
加not, 疑问句把dare提前。
She go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢独自出门。
you ride a horse? 你敢骑马吗?
知识点20 everybody / 'evribɒdi / pron.每人;所有人(教材P26)
辨析:everybody, somebody, anybody与nobody
everybody
意为 “ 所有人;人人 ”,相当于everyone。
somebody
意为 “ 某人;有人 ”,多用在肯定句中。
anybody
意为 “ 任何人 ”,多用在否定句和疑问句中。
nobody
意为 “ 没有人 ”,是否定词,相当于not anybody。
· in our class likes our new English teacher. 我们班每个人都喜欢我们的新英语老师。
· I heard singing in the next room. It sounded nice. 我听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌。听起来很好听。
· I didn't see in the park this morning. 今天早上我在公园里没看到任何人。
was in the classroom when I arrived. It was empty.当我到达的时候,教室里没有人。它是空的。
知识点21 “I guess we have to respect his decision,” Matt said after a while...“我想我们必须尊重他的决定。”马特过了一会儿说……(教材P26 1b)
decision / dɪ 'sɪʒn / n.决定(教材P26)
decision n. 意为 “ 决定 ”,可数名词。其动词形式为decide, 意为 “ 决定 ”。
decision构成的短语有:
(1) make decisions / make a decision / make one's decision做决定
Ask your parents before making a decision. 在做出决定之前问问你的父母。
(2) make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth.决定做某事
In 1938, he to go to northern China. 1938年,他做出决定去了中国北方。
Mark to go to the barber' s. 马克决定去剪头发。
(3)reach a decision作出决定
After many , we finally reached a . 经过多次讨论,我们终于作出决定。
kick oneself(因干了蠢事等)自责或懊恼; kick oneself for(doing)sth. 因......而自责 / 懊恼
He for forgetting to lock the door.他因为忘记锁门而自责。
She for not studying harder before the exam.她因为考试前没有更努力学习而懊恼。
知识点22 I’m proud of us, and I know our coach and everyone else in our school are as well. 我为我们感到骄傲,我知道我们的教练和学校里的其他人也这样想。(教材 P26 1b)
Too常用于肯定句或疑问句的句末,其前加不加逗号均可。
I can help you, . 我也可以帮你。
Can I come ? 我也来行吗?
either常用于否定句句末,其前通常不加逗号。
My father can’t go there . 我父亲也去不了那里。
also常用于肯定句句中,一般放在连系动词be、情态动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前。
Mary is 15 years old. 玛丽也15岁了。
She has milk for breakfast. 她早餐也喝牛奶。
as well常用于肯定句或疑问句的句末,其前不加逗号
She can sing and dance . 她会唱歌,也会跳舞。
Are they coming ?他们也来吗?
知识点23 proud / praʊd / adj. 骄傲的;自豪的 (教材P26)
It was a proud day for us when we won the trophy.我们夺得奖杯的那一天是值得我们骄傲的日子。
(1) be proud of = take pride in为······感到自豪(后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式)
When I get into senior high school, my parents me.当我升入高中时,我的父母为我感到骄傲。
(2) be proud to do sth.为做某事感到自豪
They belong to such a fine team.他们为属于这么好的一个队而感到自豪。
(3)be proud + that从句,意为“某人感到骄傲......”
He is that he learned how to ride a bike.他很自豪他学会了骑自行车。
知识点24 Why did Tom feel proud of their team even though they lost? 为什么即使输了,汤姆仍然为他们的球队感到骄傲? (教材 P27 1d)
though / ðəʊ / conj. 虽然;尽管 (教材P27)
(1) though conj. 意为 “ 虽然;尽管 ” 。引导让步状语从句,相当于although, 但although更为正式。
although / though引导的让步状语从句不能与but、however连用,但能与yet、still连用。
it was raining, we still went there. 尽管下着雨,我们还是去了那里。
the test was hard, she passed with a good grade.尽管考试很难,她还是取得了好成绩。
(2) even though意为 “ 即使;虽然 ”,引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet、still连用。相当于even if。
electronic products are widely used,people still need printed books.尽管电子产品被广泛使用,人们仍然需要纸质书。
(3)though还可作副词,意为 “ 不过;可是 ”,常位于句末,用于补充说明,其前常加逗号。类似于however或but。
He said he would help us; he didn't, .他说他会帮我们,可是他没有。
知识点25 When we’re mad, we might shout at other people or say mean things to them. 当我们生气时,我们可能会对他人大喊大叫或说刻薄的话。(教材 P28 2c)
shout at sb.冲某人喊叫 (教材P28)
(1)shout v. 叫嚷,大声说;
辨析:shout at sb.与shout to sb.
shout at sb.
冲某人大声叫嚷;吼(非善意,多指因生气或愤怒而冲某人大声吼叫)。
shout to sb.
对某人大声喊叫(无恶意,多因距离远,目的是让别人听见)。
Don't shout your parents.不要对着父母大叫。
I shouted him across from the street.我对着街道对面的他大声喊叫。
(2)shout n. 呼喊;喊叫声
He gave an excited when he heard the good news. 当他听到这个好消息时,他发出激动的叫喊。
知识点26 behave / bɪ 'heɪv / v. 表现;举止得体 (教材P28)
(1) behave “ 表现;举止得体 ”,既可作不及物动词,也可作及物动词。常用短语:
Mary always so well that everyone likes her.玛丽总是举止得体,以至于每个人都喜欢她。
① behave oneself表现得体;有礼貌
We' re supposed to at any time.在任何时候我们都应该有礼貌。
② behave well / badly表现好 / 差
The children very well in class. 孩子们在课堂上表现很好。
(2) behavior n. 举止;行为
Her is always polite.她的举止总是彬彬有礼。
Good is a sign of good qualities.好行为是好品质的标志。
(3)-behaved “ 表现......的 ”,用于构成形容词。 well-behaved表现好的。
All the students are today.今天所有学生都表现良好。
The dog follows its owner.这只温顺的狗狗跟着主人。
differently / 'dɪfrəntli / adv. 不同地 (教材P28)
(1) differently adv. 意为 “ 不同地 ”。相当于in different ways, 常用来修饰动词或句子。
Boys and girls may behave .男孩儿和女孩儿的表现可能不同。
(2) different adj.不同的; be different from与······不同
English is from Chinese.英语和汉语不同。
(3) difference n. 差别;差异
There are a few between the twins.这对双胞胎有几处不同。
知识点27 I lay awake most of the night because my neighbour’s baby was crying.昨晚邻居家的宝宝一直在哭,我几乎一夜没睡。(教材 P28 2b)
lie v.平躺;平放
[不及物动词]lie down 平躺;平卧
You are too tired. Please for a while.你太累了,请躺一会儿。
Clothes were all over the floor. 地板上到处都堆放着衣服。
lie的其他含义及用法:
[动词]位于
Shanghai in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
[动词]撒谎
Don’t lie to me. 别对我撒谎。
[名词]谎言
The teacher asks us not to tell . 老师要求我们不要说谎。
知识点30 You helped me a lot, especially after my grandmother passed away. 您帮助了我很多,尤其是在我祖母去世后。(教材 P29 3a)
pass away 去世 (委婉说法)
His grandpa last year. 他的祖父去年过世了。
【拓】还可意为“消失;消逝”。
All the trouble will with time. 所有的麻烦都将随时间消散。
知识点31 mean / miːn / adj.刻薄的;吝啬的 (教材P28)
(1) mean adj.意为 “ 刻薄的;吝啬的 ”。be mean to sb.对某人刻薄。
The boss is always to new employees.老板对新员工总是很刻薄。
The restaurant is with the portions — you barely get enough to eat. 这家餐馆分量抠门,根本吃不饱。
(2)mean作动词的一词多义:
① “ 意思是;意为 ”,后跟名词或that从句。
The red light " stop " in traffic rules. 交通规则中,红灯意思是“停止”。
② “ 意味着 ”: mean doing sth.意味着做某事
Missing the train means for another two hours. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等两小时。
③ “ 打算;意欲 ”: mean to do sth.打算做某事
They meant visit their grandparents last weekend. 他们上周末打算去看望祖父母。
④ mean a lot to sb.对某人来说意义重大
The thing a lot to him.这件事情对他来说意义重大。
知识点32 That day will always remain in my mind.那一天将永远留在我的记忆中。(教材P29 3a)
remain / rɪ 'meɪn / v. 继续存在;保持不变 (教材P29)
(1) remain作不及物动词,意为 “ 继续存在 ”,后接介词短语;remain in one’s mind留在某人脑海里;铭记在心。
The book on the table. 那本书还在桌子上。
(2) remain作不及物动词,还可意为 “ 停留;逗留 ”,相当于stay。
We at school until 5 p. m. 我们留在学校直到下午5点。
(3)remain还可作连系动词,意为 “ 保持不变 ”,后通常接形容词、名词作表语。
She happy despite the difficulties. 尽管有困难,她依然保持快乐。
知识点33 Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend. 非常感谢您不仅是我的老师,还是我的朋友。(教材P29 3a)
not only…but also… 不但……而且…… (教材P29)
(1) not only…but also……意为 “ 不但......而且...... ”,用于连接两个对等的成分,如连接并列主语、谓语、宾语和表语等。连接并列主语时,谓语动词与but also后的主语一致,即遵循 “ 就近原则 ”。
Not only you but also he interested in swimming.不但你而且他也对游泳感兴趣。(并列主语)
We not only but also all kinds of activities at school.在学校我们不但学习而且做各种各样的活动。(并列谓语)
My brother not only a doctor but also a volunteer.我哥哥不但是一名医生而且也是一名志愿者。(并列表语)
(2) not only ... but also ...连接两个分句,且not only置于句首时,第一个分句使用部分倒装。but also所在句中,主语可以放在but和also之间。
Not only did they give away their money, but also they went to help the people there.他们不但捐赠了钱,而且也去帮助那里的人。
知识点34 Why wasn't I more careful? 我为什么不更小心一点? (教材P26)
“ 疑问词 + 否定式疑问句 ” 通常用于事情已经发生且造成了不好的结果之后,说话人反思自己过去的行为,因 “ 不够小心 ” 而自责。
Why wasn't I more careful? Now the glass is broken.我当时为什么没更小心点?现在杯子碎了。
Why wasn't I more careful? I could have got full marks.我当时为什么没更仔细些?我本可以得满分的。
结构分析:此句是一个特殊疑问句,表达对过去行为的懊悔。Why是疑问词,wasn’t是系动词的否定形式,I是主语,more careful是表语。
重点语法解析
语法 (从属连词although、until、so that和if)
(一)although引导的让步状语从句:
although意为 “ 虽然;尽管 ”,引导让步状语从句,相当于though,可放在主句前,也可放在主句后。
although或though不能与but、however连用,但可以与yet、still同时使用。
Although / Though it was cold, she didn't wear a coat. 虽然天气很冷,她却没穿外套。
Although the task was difficult, yet we managed to finish it on time. 尽管任务很困难,我们还是设法按时完成了。
(二)until引导的状语从句:
until作连词,意为 “直到······为止 ”,引导时间状语从句,具体用法有:
1. 主句为肯定句时,其谓语动词为延续性动词,强调主句的动作或状态一直持续到从句的动作发生为止,意为 “ 直到······为止 ”。
We waited here until he came back.我们在这儿一直等到他回来。
2. 主句为否定句时,其谓语动词用延续性动词或非延续性动词均可,强调主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始,意为 “ 直到······才······”。
Wang Tao did not go to sleep until he solved the difficult math problem.王涛直到解决了那道数学难题,他才去睡觉。
3. 当主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,遵从“主将从现原则”。
· He won't believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.直到亲眼看见它,他才会相信。
(三)so that引导目的状语从句:
1. so that意为 “ 为了;以便 ”,引导目的状语从句时,相当于in order that, 从句中常加can, could, may, might等词。
Be more active in class so that you can improve your ability to express yourself.在课堂上更积极一些,这样你就能提高自己的表达能力了。
2. so that还可引导结果状语从句,意为 “ 因此;所以 ”。此时从句中通常没有情态动词。
The storm was very violent, so that many trees in the park were uprooted.暴风雨很猛烈,结果公园里的许多树都被连根拔起了。
3. so...that... 如此......以至于(that引导结果状语从句)
The film is so interesting that we all love it.这部电影太有趣了,以至于我们都喜欢。
He spoke so quietly that I couldn’t hear him.他说话太轻了,以至于我听不见。
随堂训练
1.(24-25八年级下·上海杨浦·期末)________ the hotel was quite far from the city center, it was comfortable and had excellent service.
A.Because B.Although C.If D.Until
2.(24-25八年级下·云南昆明·期末)—Mike always copies my homework, what should I do?
—________ he’s your best friend, you should tell him that copying is wrong.
A.While B.Although C.Since D.If
3.(24-25八年级下·云南昆明·期末)________ AI is smart, it can’t take humans’ place.
A.Until B.If C.Although D.Because
4.(24-25八年级下·安徽池州·期末)The tourists were still in high spirits ________ it was rainy in Mount Huangshan.
A.because B.unless C.although D.until
5.(23-24八年级下·上海奉贤·期末)________ the story of The Little Prince is very simple, it touches people’s hearts in many ways.
A.When B.Although C.If D.Because
6.(23-24八年级下·云南丽江·期末)The mother didn’t go to sleep ________ her son came back home last night.
A.if B.until C.while D.because
7.(24-25八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末)Mark didn’t wake up ________ his friend called him this morning.
A.before B.while C.after D.until
8.(24-25八年级下·江西景德镇·期末)—Time waits for no man.
—But people won’t realize the importance of time ________ it’s gone.
A.although B.until C.so that D.as
9.(24-25八年级下·上海黄浦·期末)Passengers: Don’t get off the bus ________ it has completely stopped.
A.when B.until C.if D.after
10.(24-25八年级下·上海金山·期末)They didn’t stop chatting ________ their teacher came into the classroom.
A.unless B.until C.as soon as D.when
11.(24-25八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末)She got up early in the morning ________ she could exercise for an hour.
A.unless B.so that C.as if D.as long as
12.(24-25八年级下·甘肃平凉·期末)—Li Ming argued with his best friend. What should he do?
—He should talk to his friend ________ he can say he’s sorry.
A.so that B.although C.but D.unless
13.(24-25八年级下·安徽安庆·期末)I brought an umbrella with me ________ I wouldn’t get wet in the rain.
A.as soon as B.in order to C.so that D.unless
14.(24-25八年级下·安徽蚌埠·期末)—I’m a little shy in class. What should I do?
—Be more active and confident ________ you can improve your ability to express yourself.
A.so that B.or C.but D.while
15.(24-25八年级下·云南昆明·期末)—Peter had a fight with his friend. What should he do?
—He should talk to his friend ________ he can say he’s sorry.
A.for example B.because of C.so that D.in order to
16.(24-25八年级下·云南德宏·期末)If you ________ harder than before, you ________ the final exam.
A.study; pass B.will study; pass
C.study; will pass D.will study; will pass
17.(24-25八年级下·甘肃定西·期末)I can come at once ________ you need my help.
A.so B.but C.until D.if
18.(24-25八年级下·云南昭通·期末)You will feel better ________ you take a deep breath before giving a speech.
A.or B.if C.whether D.and
19.(24-25八年级上·云南昆明·期末)I won’t have enough time to study ________ I watch TV so often.
A.if B.although C.but D.so
20.(23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期末)—Tim, our foreign teacher Ms. Green will go back to England next week.
—Really? Let’s have a party to say goodbye to her ________ she is free this weekend.
A.unless B.if C.though D.until
写作精讲
本单元的主题是“情绪管理”,要求学生能够运用相关词汇和句式,谈论生活中的不同情绪,向情绪低落的朋友提供建议,或向帮助自己的人表示感谢。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①描述让自己产生某种情绪的具体经历;②分析情绪产生的原因;③以感谢信的形式阐述他人帮助自己应对情绪的具体经历并表达感激之情。
在中考书面表达中,与此主题相关的命题形式主要有撰写感谢信、演讲稿等。通常需要涵盖的主要内容包括:清晰描述引发特定情绪的事件,具体说明对方的帮助是如何影响自己的情绪的,并真挚地表达感恩之情。
1.写作实例
假如你是外国语学校的学生李华,在外教Mr. Brown的帮助下,你的性格发生了很大变化,你变得积极开朗,并在学校组织的英语戏剧大赛 (English Opera Competition) 中获得了一等奖。请给Mr. Brown写一封感谢信,主要内容包括:
1.对Mr. Brown表示感谢;
2.简述自己的变化;
3.简述Mr. Brown对你的帮助、你取得的进步及比赛的结果;4.邀请Mr. Brown到家里做客。
要求:1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);2.须包含所有要点提示,可适当补充,以使语句通顺,行文连贯;3.信中不得出现个人姓名、校名等真实信息。
Dear Mr. Brown,
2.审题指导
1.体裁:应用文 2.时态:以一般现在时和一般过去时为主
3.人称:以第一人称为主
4.必备词句:
①make a big difference产生重大影响
②be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事
③smile at sb.对某人微笑
④prepare for为……做准备
⑤express emotions through...通过……表达情感
⑥When I was too nervous to answer, you said, “It’s okay to make mistakes!”当我紧张得无法回答时,你说:“犯错没关系!”
3.谋篇布局
优秀范文
Dear Mr. Brown,
Thank you so much for helping me become a better person! Your care and encouragement have made a big difference in my life.
I used to be shy and quiet. I was afraid to speak in front of others and hardly made friends. In your classes, you always smiled at me and asked questions to make me talk. When I was too nervous to answer, you said, “It’s okay to make mistakes!”Once, you stayed with me for an hour to prepare for the English Opera Competition, teaching me how to express emotions through voice and gestures. Bit by bit, I gained confidence and started to enjoy speaking English and making friends. Last week, I won first prize in the competition!
None of these would have happened without you. I hope you can come to my home for dinner this weekend. My parents want to thank you too! Looking forward to seeing you.
Yours, Li Hua
随堂训练
一
你的好朋友因期中考试临近,正被压力困扰,请你分享一些解压小技巧来帮助他缓解紧张情绪,并鼓励他一起冲刺好成绩。短文内容不得少于80词。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二
学习和生活的道路从来都不是一帆风顺的,你一定曾因学习的问题、家人给予的压力等感到焦虑,但幸运的是你的朋友给予了你帮助和建议。假如你是李华,针对这些难忘的经历,请给你的朋友写一封感谢信。
参考要点:1.曾经的压力或焦虑(成绩下降,人际关系差等);2.朋友给予的建议或帮助;3.感谢;4.……
要求:1.词数80—120(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);2.不能出现真实姓名和班级等信息。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
三
(24-25九年级上·山东德州·期末)随着社会的快节奏发展,压力已成为一个普遍的社会问题,学生也面临各种各样的压力。全国心理健康日到来之际,为了促进学生快乐学习,健康成长,幸福生活,我校校报开展以Less Stress, Better Life为题的征文比赛。请根据提示内容,用英语写一篇短文,阐述中学生压力大的原因并且提出恰当的减压方法,除了提示中的内容,请你至少再补充两条。
要求:
(1) 要点齐全,语言通顺,意思连贯,条理清晰,书写规范;
(2) 80-100词,标题和开头已经给出,不计入总词数;
(3) 文中不得出现真实人名和校名。
Less Stress, Better Life
Nowadays, stress has become a common problem in society. We teenagers also have a lot of stress while growing up.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
Unit 3 Growing Up(单元复习)
词句背默清单
重点单词
Verb 动词
1. 建议;劝告advise
2. 原谅;宽恕forgive
3. 道歉apologize
4. 关闭;合上;住嘴shut
5. 发出铃声ring
6. 进入enter
7. 重复repeat
8. 表现;举止得体behave
9. 继续存在;保持不变remain
Noun名词
1. 情感;情绪emotion
2. 怒火anger
3. 过错;责任fault
4. 礼物present
5. 奖;奖品award
6. 压力pressure
7. 目的;意图purpose
8. 运动员;选手player
9. 裁判 referee
10. 决定decision
11. 得分;比分score
12. 教练coach
13. 有点儿;稍微bit
14. 解决办法;解决solution
15. 物理;物理学physics
Adjective形容词
1. 难过的;沮丧的upset
2. 孤独的;寂寞的lonely
3. 震惊的shocked
4. 伤感情的hurtful
5. 沮丧的;低的low
6. 骄傲的;自豪的proud
7. 高兴的 ;令人愉快的joyful
8. 感谢的;感激的thankful
9. 否定的;消极的negative
10. 醒着的awake
11. 正常的;普通的normal
12. 发狂的;疯的mad
13. 刻薄的;吝啬的mean
14. 深的;有……深的deep
Adverb 副词
1. 独自;单独alone
2. 清楚地clearly
3. 最后lastly
4. 不同地differently
Pronoun 代词
1. 充足;丰富;大量plenty
2. 每人;所有人everybody
3. 任何人anybody
Conjunction 连词
1. 虽然;尽管though
多重词性词
1. v. & n. 控制control
2. n. 标准;水平 adj. 标准的standard
3. v. & modal v. 敢于dare
4. v. 霸凌;恐吓n. 恶霸 bully
词汇拓展
1.emotion n.情感;情绪:→emotional adj.情感的;情绪的
2.lonely adj.孤独的;寂寞的:→loneliness n.孤独;寂寞
3.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事 v.使震惊;使惊愕:→shocked adj.震惊的;→shocking adj.令人震惊的
4.anger n.怒火:→angry adj.愤怒的;生气的→angrily adv.生气地
5.advise v.建议;劝告:→advice n.建议
6.forgive v.原谅;宽恕:→(过去式)forgave→(过去分词)forgiven→forgiveness n.原谅;宽恕
7.hurt n.伤害:→hurtful adj.伤感情的
8.clear adj.清晰的;清楚的:→clearly adv.清楚地
9.apologize v.道歉:→apology n.道歉
10.shut v.关闭;合上;住嘴:→(过去式)shut→(过去分词)shut
11.low adj.沮丧的;低的:→(反义词)high adj.兴奋的;高的
12.enter v.进入:→entrance n.入口
13.decide v.决定:→decision n.决定
14.joy n.喜悦;乐趣:→joyful adj.高兴的;令人愉快的
15.positive adj.乐观的;积极的;良好的:→(反义词)negative adj.否定的;消极的
16.bully n.恶霸:→(复数)bullies
17.different adj.不同的:→differently adv.不同地→difference n.差别;差异
18.normal adj.正常的;普通的:→normally adv.正常地;通常
19.press v.压;按;挤;推:→pressure n.压力
20.last adj.最后的;末尾的:→lastly adv.最后
21.ring v.发出铃声:→(过去式)rang→(过去分词)rung
22.play v.玩:→player n.运动员;选手
23.solve v.解决;解答:→solution n.解决办法;解决
24.thank v.感谢;谢谢:→thankful adj.感谢的;感激的
25.behave v.表现;举止得体:→behaviour n.行为;举止
26.awake adj.醒着的:→(反义词)asleep adj.睡着的→wake v.醒;唤醒
27.mad adj.发狂的;疯的:→(比较级)madder→(最高级)maddest→madness n.疯狂
重点短语
1. 处理;对付deal with
2. 听说hear about
3. 今后;从今以后in future
4. 为了,以便so that
5. 尽释前嫌clear the air
6. 对某物感到满意be happy with sth
7. 将……与……相比compare...with...
8. 解释清楚;传达get across
9. 故意;有意地on purpose
10. 减少一半reduce by half
11. 设身处地;处于某人的境地put oneself in sb’s shoes
12. 使你的头脑清醒clear your mind
13. 把……关 ( 藏 ) 起 来;隔离shut sb/sth away
14. 充足;大量plenty of
15. 感到忧郁的feel blue
16. 欢天喜地on top of the world
17. 笑容满面all smiles
18. 情绪低落;精神不振in low spirits
19. 使失望let down
20. 对……苛刻或过分严厉be hard on
21. 撤回;收回take back
22. (因干了蠢事等)自责或懊恼kick oneself
23. 从好的方面想;抱乐观态度look on the bright side
24. 为……感到骄傲proud of
25. 也;又as well
26. 有点儿;稍微a bit
27. 齐心协力;通力合作pull together
28. 即使;虽然even though
29. 冲某人喊叫shout at sb
30. 不时;偶尔from time to time
31. 深呼吸take a deep breath
32. 去世(委婉说法)pass away
33. 不但……而且…… not only...but also...
重点句子
1. 如果你做错了事,或许你应该先说声对不起。If you did something wrong, maybe you should say sorry first.
2. 直到你与他们交谈,他们可能才知道你的感受。Until you talk to them, they might not know how you feel.
3. 尽管你们吵架了,但你们仍然是非常亲密的朋友。Although you argued, you are still very close friends.
4. 最后,记得照顾好你自己。吃健康的食物,锻炼身体,保证充足的睡眠。Lastly, remember to take care of yourself. Eat healthy food, exercise, and get enough sleep.
5. 更重要的是从错误中吸取教训,这样以后就不会重蹈覆辙了。It’s more important to learn from your mistakes so that you don’t repeat them in future.
6. 如果我们齐心协力,下次一定会赢。If we pull together, we should win next time.
7. 归属感可以帮助你对抗孤独感。A sense of belonging can help you to fight the feeling of loneliness.
8. (我)非常感谢您,您不仅是我的老师,也是我的朋友。Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend.
重点知识解析
知识点1 deal with处理;对付
辨析:deal with与do with
deal with
意为 “ 处理;对付 ”
侧重处理问题的方式、方法,常与疑问词how连用。
do with
侧重处理的对象,常与疑问词what连用。
·We should learn to deal with all kinds of difficulties. 我们应该学会处理各种各样的困难。
·Teachers know how to deal with kids who don’t listen. 老师知道如何应对不听讲的孩子。
I don’t know how to deal with( =what to do with) my trouble. 我不知道怎样解决我的麻烦。
知识点2.upset / ʌp' set / adj.难过的;沮丧的 (教材P22)
(1) upset adj.意为 “ 难过的;沮丧的 ”,不用于名词前作定语。常见用法:
You look upset.你看起来很沮丧。
① be upset about / at / over (doing) sth.因(做)某事沮丧
She was upset about failing the math test.她因数学考试不及格而沮丧。
② be upset with sb. 生某人的气
I'm upset with my brother for breaking my bike.我因弟弟弄坏了我的自行车而生气。
(2)upset还可以作动词,意为 “ 使烦恼;打乱 ”。过去式为upset.
The loud noise upset the baby. 吵闹声让宝宝不高兴。
知识点3.lonely / ˈləʊnli / adj.孤独的;寂寞的 (教材P22)
辨析:lonely与alone
lonely
形容词
“孤独的;寂寞的”,强调主观感情,心灵上的孤独,带有伤感的色彩。既可作定语也可作表语。feel lonely“感到孤独”。
“偏僻的;人迹罕至的”,只用于名词前作定语。
alone
副词
“独自;单独”,相当于by oneself。
强调独自一人的客观情况,不含感情色彩。
形容词
“单独的;独自的”,常用作表语。
· She often feels lonely when her parents are away on business.父母出差时,她常常感到孤独。
· She wrote a story about a lonely child in the big city.她写了一个关于大城市里孤独小孩的故事。
· They live in a lonely village far from the town.他们住在远离城镇的偏僻村庄里。
· For years Mary lived alone in New York.玛丽孤身一人在纽约生活了好几年。
· He feels calm when he's alone.他独处时感到平静。
Although I was travelling alone in the lonely desert, I didn’t feel lonely because I enjoyed being alone.
虽然我独自一人在荒凉的沙漠中旅行,但我并不感到孤独,因为我喜欢独处。
知识点4.shocked / ʃɒkt / adj.震惊的 (教材P22)
shocked adj. 意为 “ 震惊的 ”,在句中常作表语,其主语是人。shocked的常见用法:
(1) be shocked at / by...对······感到震惊
Everyone was shocked at the news of the sudden earthquake.所有人都对突如其来的地震消息感到震惊。
(2)be shocked to do sth. 对做某事感到震惊
They were shocked to see the damage caused by the storm.看到风暴造成的破坏,他们感到震惊。
知识点5.control / kən'trəʊl / v. & n.控制 (教材P22)
(1)control动词,意为 “ 控制 ”,过去式和过去分词都是controlled。现在分词为controlling.
He can keep balance on a skateboard by controlling his body.他能够通过控制身体在滑板上保持平衡。
(2)control还可作名词,是不可数名词,意为“控制”。常见搭配:
① be in control of掌管;管理
He is in control of the company.他掌管着这家公司。
② lose control of对······失去控制
The driver lost control of his car.那位司机失去了对车的控制。
③ be under control得到控制
The situation is under control.局势得到了控制。
④ out of control失控
The fire is burning out of control.火势失控了。
⑤ under the control of...在······的控制之下
The fire was finally under the control of the firefighters.大火最终被消防员控制住了。
The project has been under the control of Mr. Li since last month.这个项目从上个月起就由李先生负责管理
知识点5 Ella advised Peter to call Harry. 埃拉建议彼得给哈里打电话。 (教材 P22 1b)
advise / əd'vaɪz / v. 建议;劝告 (教材P22)
(1)advise v. “ 建议,劝告 ”,具体用法:
① advise sb. about / on sth. 就某事给某人建议或忠告
The teacher advised me about choosing a university major.老师就选择大学专业给了我建议。
② advise sb. (not) to do sth.建议某人(不)做某事
The doctor advised me to take more rest and drink plenty of water.医生建议我多休息并多喝水。
The teacher advised us not to use modern technology to do our homework.老师建议我们不要使用现代科技做作业。
③ advise against doing sth. 建议不要做某事
The guidebook advises against visiting the museum on Mondays.旅行指南建议不要周一去参观博物馆。
④ advise doing sth. 建议做某事
My teacher advised studying in groups for the exam.老师建议我们分组备考。
⑤ advise + that从句,意为“建议……”,that从句中谓语用 ( should+ ) 动词原形。
They advise that a passport should be carried with you at all times.他们建议护照要随时带在身边。
(2) advice n. 建议
Could you give me some advice on study? 请你就学习方面给我一些建议好吗?
知识点6 in future今后;从今以后 (教材P23)
辨析:in future 与in the future
in future
相当于from now on, 意为 “ 往后;从今以后 ”,侧重强调从现在开始。
用于纠正错误、提出警告或表达 “从现在起必须改变的行为 ”,通常搭配命令 / 建议。
in the future
“在将来”,指离现在较远的将来一段时间。常与一般将来时连用。
用于谈论未来计划、可能性或长期趋势,强调 “ 未来时间范围 ”,通常搭配具体事件。
·Don't be late again. In future, come to school on time!别再迟到了。今后要准时到校!
·I want to be an astronaut in the future.长大后我想成为一名宇航员。
知识点7 I forgive you. 我原谅你了。(教材 P23 2a)
forgive / fə 'gɪv / v. (forgave / fə'geɪv /, forgiven / fə'gɪvn / )原谅;宽恕 (教材P23)
(1) forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事原谅某人
Please forgive me for being late.请原谅我迟到了。
(2) forgive oneself for sth. 因为某事原谅自己
You need to forgive yourself for the mistake.你需要原谅自己的错误。
(3)sb. be forgiven (for sth.) 某人被原谅(因为某事)
He was forgiven after saying sorry.他道歉后被原谅了。
知识点8 clear the air尽释前嫌(教材P23)
clear the air是一个常用习语,意为 “ 尽释前嫌 ”,指消除误会、缓和紧张气氛、化解矛盾。
侧重过程性的沟通、疏导情绪。
(1) clear the air (between sb.) 消除(某人之间的)误会
Yesterday we cleared the air and said sorry to each other.昨天我们互相道歉、尽释前嫌了。
(2) clear the air by doing sth. 通过做某事缓和气氛
Let's clear the air before the game. We need to work together!比赛前咱们尽释前嫌吧!我们需要齐心协力!
知识点9 Peter told Harry the guitar was a birthday present from his grandfather... 彼得告诉哈里,这把吉他是他祖父送的生日礼物…… (教材P23 2c)
present / ' preznt / n.礼物 (教材P23)
(1) present n.意为 “ 礼物 ”,相当于gift, 是可数名词。
She gave me a beautiful present / gift.她给了我一个漂亮的礼物。
(2)present作名词的其他含义,“ 现在 ”, at present现在,目前。
What are you doing at present?你现在在做什么?
(3) present作形容词的两种含义
① adj. “ 现在的 ”,仅用于名词前作定语。
He is pleased with his present work.他对现在的工作满意。
② adj. “ 出席的;在场的 ”,修饰名词要后置。
There were 200 people present when the meeting started.会议开始时有200人在场。
(4)present v. “ 颁发;授予 ”
The headmaster presented Mr. Wang with a medal. 校长授予王老师一块奖牌。
知识点10 Yeah, but my parents have very high standards. 是的,但我父母的要求很高。(教材 P24 3a)
1.standard / 'stændəd / n.标准;水平 adj. 标准的 (教材P24)
(1)standard n. 意为 “ 标准;水平 ”,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。常见搭配:
① above standard超过标准
The handmade furniture is above standard in terms of both quality and design.这件手工家具在质量和设计方面都超过标准。
② below standard未达到标准;不合格
The quality of this batch of toys is below standard. 这批玩具的质量未达到标准。
③ up to standard达到标准,合格
The machine's operation is now up to standard.这台机器的运行现在达到标准了。
④ reach / meet the standard达到标准
She worked hard and finally reached / met the standard.她努力学习,最终达到了标准。
⑤ have high standards有很高的标准
(2)standard还可作形容词,意为 “ 标准的 ”。
The room comes with a standard double bed and a desk.这间房配备标准双人床和书桌。
知识点11 She gets better grades, plays the piano well, often wins awards... 她成绩更好,钢琴弹得很好,还经常获奖…… (教材 P24 3a)
award / ə 'wɔ:d / n.奖;奖品 (教材P24)
(1) award n. 意为 “ 奖;奖品 ”,可数名词。 win / receive an award赢得 / 获得奖项。
He won the best player of the year award.他获得年度最佳运动员奖。
She did well in this test and her mother gave her an award.她在这次考试中做得很好,她的妈妈给了她一个奖品。
(2)award还可以作动词,意为 “ 授予 ”。常见用法:
① award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb.给某人颁发某物
The headmaster awarded a medal to the student.校长给那个学生颁发了一枚奖章。
② award the first prize授予一等奖
She studied very hard and was awarded the first prize at the end of last year.她学习很用功,去年年底被授予一等奖。
get across解释清楚;传达 (教材P24)
(1) get sth. across ( to sb.) = get across sth.( to sb.)(向某人)讲清楚某事
I need to get this message across to the team.我需要把这个信息传达给团队。
(2) get across to sb.向某人传达
The new policy didn't get across to the employees. 新政策未被员工理解。
(3)get across clearly清晰传达
Speak louder to get your ideas across clearly.大声说才能让你的想法被清楚理解。
知识点12 I’m feeling a lot of pressure because... 我感觉压力很大,因为…… (教材 P24 3d)
pressure / ' preʃə(r) / n.压力 (教材P24)
pressure多指外界施加的压力或工作、生活中的压力,通常用作不可数名词,pressure的常见短语有:
put pressure on sb. 给某人施加压力
under pressure/stress 在压力下
reduce pressure 减轻压力
Parents shouldn't put too much pressure on their children.父母不应该给他们的孩子施加太多压力。
Exercising every day helps me reduce pressure from work.每天锻炼帮我减轻工作压力。
The team made a mistake under pressure during the game.团队在压力下在比赛中犯了错。
知识点13 Although people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn’t always mean that they did it on purpose. 尽管有时可能会有人伤害你,但这并不总是意味着他们是故意这么做的。(教材P25 4b)
purpose / ' pɜːpəs / n.目的;意图 (教材P25)
purpose n.意为 “ 目的;意图 ” 时,是可数名词。 purpose的常见搭配:
(1) the purpose of... ......的目的
The purpose of brushing our teeth is to keep them clean and healthy. 刷牙的目的是保持牙齿干净和健康。
(2) on purpose故意;有意地 (反义短语是by accident)
She ignored me yesterday—maybe she did it on purpose.她昨天不理我,可能是故意的。
I found her address by accident while cleaning my room.我打扫房间时偶然发现了她的地址。
(3)for the purpose of... 为了……
They built a bridge for the purpose of improving traffic.他们建桥是为了改善交通。
知识点14 Next, share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away. 接下来,与你信任的人分享你的问题,而不是封闭自己。 (教材P25 4c)
shut / ʃʌt / v. 关闭;合上;住嘴 (教材P25)
shut sb. /sth. away把……关/藏起来;隔离
shut down 停业;倒闭;关闭
shut up 闭嘴
(1) shut v. 意为 “ 关闭;合上 ”,一般指关闭门、窗,与close意思相近。常见搭配:
Shut the window, please! The wind is blowing my homework papers away.请关上窗户!风把我的作业纸都吹跑啦!
After eating your cookies, shut the cookie jar tightly.吃完饼干要盖紧罐子。
① shut off = turn off关闭;停止运转
Shut off the game console! You' ve played for two hours straight.关掉游戏机!你已经连续玩了两小时。
② shut sb. / sth. away把······关(藏)起来;隔离
I shut my secret diary away in a locked box.我把秘密日记锁进盒子里。
③ shut sth. down(使)关张;停业;关闭
The computer system will be shut down on the weekend.计算机系统周末将被关闭。
(2)shut过去式与过去分词均为shut, 现在分词为shutting.
(3)shut作动词,还可意为 “ 闭嘴 ”。 shut up闭嘴。
The baby is sleeping. Shut up, or you' ll wake her up! 宝宝在睡觉,闭嘴!不然会吵醒她!
知识点15 Lastly, remember to take care of yourself. 最后,记得照顾好自己。 (教材P25 4c)
lastly / ' lɑːstli / adv.最后 (教材P25)
(1)lastly adv. 意为 “ 最后 ”,一般置于句首,用以引出所列事情中的最后一项或最后一点。其同义词为finally。
lastly是由 “ 形容词last(最后的)+ 后缀 -ly ” 构成的。
(2) 词汇辨析:
辨析:lastly与at last
lastly
强调按照顺序的 “ 最后 ”。
at last
强调指经过周折、等待、耽搁后 “ 终于 ” 得到所期待的结果。
· Lastly, I would like to thank everyone for coming here today.最后,我想感谢大家今天的光临。
· After years of planning, the project was at last completed.经过多年规划,项目终于完成了。
知识点16 You should eat healthy food, get plenty of sleep... 你应该吃健康的食物,保证充足的睡眠…… (教材 P25 4c)
plenty作代词,意为 “ 充足;丰富;大量 ” (教材P25)
(1)plenty of意为 “ 充足;大量 ”,常用于肯定句中,相当于a lot of / lots of, 其后可接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词。
(2)相近的短语a number of意为 “ 一些;许多 ”,只能修饰可数名词复数,不能修饰不可数名词。
We need plenty of chairs for the party tonight.今晚的聚会我们需要很多椅子。
He spent plenty of time preparing for the exam.他花了很多时间准备考试。
A number of books in the library need to be repaired.图书馆里许多书需要修补。
知识点17 in low spirits 情绪低落 (教材 P26 1a)
low / ləʊ / adj.沮丧的;低的(教材P26)
(1)low adj.意为 “ 沮丧的 ”,形容情绪低落。 常见短语:
in low spirits情绪低落;精神不振,相当于feel down; in high spirits兴高采烈
She looked low at the party.她在派对上显得情绪低落。
He's been in low spirits since his pet died.自从他的宠物死后,他就一直精神不振。
(2)low作形容词的其他词义及用法:
① “ 低的 ”,既可表示价格低,也可表示声音、温度、水平等低,反义词为high(高的)。常用搭配:
<1> at a low price以低价; <2> in a low voice低声地
The sun is low in the sky in the evening.傍晚时太阳低挂在天空。
This shirt is on sale at a low price.这件衬衫低价促销。
My friend told me the secret in a low voice.我朋友低声告诉我那个秘密。
② “ 矮的 ”,多指桌椅、山、墙、建筑物等矮,表示人矮用short。
The low wall around the garden is easy for children to climb.花园周围的矮墙,孩子们很容易爬上去。
(3)low的比较级为lower, 最高级为lowest。
知识点18 When the bell rang, Matt entered the classroom with a heavy heart. 当铃声响起时,马特带着沉重的心情走进教室。(教材 P26 1b)
enter / 'entə(r) / v. 进入 (教材P26)
(1)enter v.意为 “ 进入 ”,既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。作及物动词时,后直接跟地点作宾语,相当于go into…
或come into…, 所以不再与介词into连用。
Please knock at the door before you enter. 进入前请敲门。(作不及物动词)
She entered the room quietly.她悄悄地进入了房间。(作及物动词)
(2)enter作动词的其他词义:
① 报名参加:enter the competition参加比赛
They entered the competition together.他们一起参加了比赛。
② 考上(学校或大学):enter a good university考入一所好大学
I managed to enter a good university.我成功考入了一所好大学。
③ 开始讨论;着手处理:enter into sth.
We entered into a long discussion.我们开始了长时间的讨论。
(3)entrance n. 入口
The entrance to the supermarket is on your left. 超市的入口就在你的左边。
知识点19 dare / deə(r) / v. & modal v. 敢于 (教材P26)
(1) dare v. 意为 “ 敢于 ”,有人称和时态的变化,一般不用于进行时态。构成疑问句和否定句时要借助助动词do的
适当形式。dare to do sth. 敢于做某事。
He won't dare to break his promise.他不敢违背誓言。
(2) dare还可作情态动词,后跟动词原形,没有人称和数的变化,主要用于疑问句、否定句中。否定句在dare后面
加not, 疑问句把dare提前。
She daren' t go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢独自出门。
Dare you ride a horse? 你敢骑马吗?
知识点20 everybody / 'evribɒdi / pron.每人;所有人(教材P26)
辨析:everybody, somebody, anybody与nobody
everybody
意为 “ 所有人;人人 ”,相当于everyone。
somebody
意为 “ 某人;有人 ”,多用在肯定句中。
anybody
意为 “ 任何人 ”,多用在否定句和疑问句中。
nobody
意为 “ 没有人 ”,是否定词,相当于not anybody。
· Everybody in our class likes our new English teacher. 我们班每个人都喜欢我们的新英语老师。
· I heard somebody singing in the next room. It sounded nice. 我听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌。听起来很好听。
· I didn't see anybody in the park this morning. 今天早上我在公园里没看到任何人。
Nobody was in the classroom when I arrived. It was empty.当我到达的时候,教室里没有人。它是空的。
知识点21 “I guess we have to respect his decision,” Matt said after a while...“我想我们必须尊重他的决定。”马特过了一会儿说……(教材P26 1b)
decision / dɪ 'sɪʒn / n.决定(教材P26)
decision n. 意为 “ 决定 ”,可数名词。其动词形式为decide, 意为 “ 决定 ”。
decision构成的短语有:
(1) make decisions / make a decision / make one's decision做决定
Ask your parents before making a decision. 在做出决定之前问问你的父母。
(2) make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth.决定做某事
In 1938, he made a decision to go to northern China. 1938年,他做出决定去了中国北方。
Mark makes a decision to go to the barber' s. 马克决定去剪头发。
(3)reach a decision作出决定
After many discussions, we finally reached a decision. 经过多次讨论,我们终于作出决定。
kick oneself(因干了蠢事等)自责或懊恼; kick oneself for(doing)sth. 因......而自责 / 懊恼
He kicked himself for forgetting to lock the door.他因为忘记锁门而自责。
She kicked herself for not studying harder before the exam.她因为考试前没有更努力学习而懊恼。
知识点22 I’m proud of us, and I know our coach and everyone else in our school are as well. 我为我们感到骄傲,我知道我们的教练和学校里的其他人也这样想。(教材 P26 1b)
Too常用于肯定句或疑问句的句末,其前加不加逗号均可。
I can help you, too. 我也可以帮你。
Can I come too? 我也来行吗?
either常用于否定句句末,其前通常不加逗号。
My father can’t go there either. 我父亲也去不了那里。
also常用于肯定句句中,一般放在连系动词be、情态动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前。
Mary is also 15 years old. 玛丽也15岁了。
She also has milk for breakfast. 她早餐也喝牛奶。
as well常用于肯定句或疑问句的句末,其前不加逗号
She can sing and dance as well. 她会唱歌,也会跳舞。
Are they coming as well?他们也来吗?
知识点23 proud / praʊd / adj. 骄傲的;自豪的 (教材P26)
It was a proud day for us when we won the trophy.我们夺得奖杯的那一天是值得我们骄傲的日子。
(1) be proud of = take pride in为······感到自豪(后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式)
When I get into senior high school, my parents are proud of / take pride in me.当我升入高中时,我的父母为我感到骄傲。
(2) be proud to do sth.为做某事感到自豪
They were proud to belong to such a fine team.他们为属于这么好的一个队而感到自豪。
(3)be proud + that从句,意为“某人感到骄傲......”
He is proud that he learned how to ride a bike.他很自豪他学会了骑自行车。
知识点24 Why did Tom feel proud of their team even though they lost? 为什么即使输了,汤姆仍然为他们的球队感到骄傲? (教材 P27 1d)
though / ðəʊ / conj. 虽然;尽管 (教材P27)
(1) though conj. 意为 “ 虽然;尽管 ” 。引导让步状语从句,相当于although, 但although更为正式。
although / though引导的让步状语从句不能与but、however连用,但能与yet、still连用。
Though it was raining, we still went there. 尽管下着雨,我们还是去了那里。
Although / Though the test was hard, she passed with a good grade.尽管考试很难,她还是取得了好成绩。
(2) even though意为 “ 即使;虽然 ”,引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet、still连用。相当于even if。
Even though electronic products are widely used,people still need printed books.尽管电子产品被广泛使用,人们仍然需要纸质书。
(3)though还可作副词,意为 “ 不过;可是 ”,常位于句末,用于补充说明,其前常加逗号。类似于however或but。
He said he would help us; he didn't, though.他说他会帮我们,可是他没有。
知识点25 When we’re mad, we might shout at other people or say mean things to them. 当我们生气时,我们可能会对他人大喊大叫或说刻薄的话。(教材 P28 2c)
shout at sb.冲某人喊叫 (教材P28)
(1)shout v. 叫嚷,大声说;
辨析:shout at sb.与shout to sb.
shout at sb.
冲某人大声叫嚷;吼(非善意,多指因生气或愤怒而冲某人大声吼叫)。
shout to sb.
对某人大声喊叫(无恶意,多因距离远,目的是让别人听见)。
Don't shout at your parents.不要对着父母大叫。
I shouted to him across from the street.我对着街道对面的他大声喊叫。
(2)shout n. 呼喊;喊叫声
He gave an excited shout when he heard the good news. 当他听到这个好消息时,他发出激动的叫喊。
知识点26 behave / bɪ 'heɪv / v. 表现;举止得体 (教材P28)
(1) behave “ 表现;举止得体 ”,既可作不及物动词,也可作及物动词。常用短语:
Mary always behaves so well that everyone likes her.玛丽总是举止得体,以至于每个人都喜欢她。
① behave oneself表现得体;有礼貌
We' re supposed to behave ourselves at any time.在任何时候我们都应该有礼貌。
② behave well / badly表现好 / 差
The children behave very well in class. 孩子们在课堂上表现很好。
(2) behavior n. 举止;行为
Her behavior is always polite.她的举止总是彬彬有礼。
Good behavior is a sign of good qualities.好行为是好品质的标志。
(3)-behaved “ 表现......的 ”,用于构成形容词。 well-behaved表现好的。
All the students are well-behaved today.今天所有学生都表现良好。
The well-behaved dog follows its owner.这只温顺的狗狗跟着主人。
differently / 'dɪfrəntli / adv. 不同地 (教材P28)
(1) differently adv. 意为 “ 不同地 ”。相当于in different ways, 常用来修饰动词或句子。
Boys and girls may behave differently.男孩儿和女孩儿的表现可能不同。
(2) different adj.不同的; be different from与······不同
English is different from Chinese.英语和汉语不同。
(3) difference n. 差别;差异
There are a few differences between the twins.这对双胞胎有几处不同。
知识点27 I lay awake most of the night because my neighbour’s baby was crying.昨晚邻居家的宝宝一直在哭,我几乎一夜没睡。(教材 P28 2b)
lie v.平躺;平放
[不及物动词]lie down 平躺;平卧
You are too tired. Please lie down for a while.你太累了,请躺一会儿。
Clothes were lying all over the floor. 地板上到处都堆放着衣服。
lie的其他含义及用法:
[动词]位于
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
[动词]撒谎
Don’t lie to me. 别对我撒谎。
[名词]谎言
The teacher asks us not to tell lies. 老师要求我们不要说谎。
知识点30 You helped me a lot, especially after my grandmother passed away. 您帮助了我很多,尤其是在我祖母去世后。(教材 P29 3a)
pass away 去世 (委婉说法)
His grandpa passed away last year. 他的祖父去年过世了。
【拓】还可意为“消失;消逝”。
All the trouble will pass away with time. 所有的麻烦都将随时间消散。
知识点31 mean / miːn / adj.刻薄的;吝啬的 (教材P28)
(1) mean adj.意为 “ 刻薄的;吝啬的 ”。be mean to sb.对某人刻薄。
The boss is always mean to new employees.老板对新员工总是很刻薄。
The restaurant is mean with the portions — you barely get enough to eat. 这家餐馆分量抠门,根本吃不饱。
(2)mean作动词的一词多义:
① “ 意思是;意为 ”,后跟名词或that从句。
The red light means " stop " in traffic rules. 交通规则中,红灯意思是“停止”。
② “ 意味着 ”: mean doing sth.意味着做某事
Missing the train means waiting for another two hours. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等两小时。
③ “ 打算;意欲 ”: mean to do sth.打算做某事
They meant to visit their grandparents last weekend. 他们上周末打算去看望祖父母。
④ mean a lot to sb.对某人来说意义重大
The thing meant a lot to him.这件事情对他来说意义重大。
知识点32 That day will always remain in my mind.那一天将永远留在我的记忆中。(教材P29 3a)
remain / rɪ 'meɪn / v. 继续存在;保持不变 (教材P29)
(1) remain作不及物动词,意为 “ 继续存在 ”,后接介词短语;remain in one’s mind留在某人脑海里;铭记在心。
The book remained on the table. 那本书还在桌子上。
(2) remain作不及物动词,还可意为 “ 停留;逗留 ”,相当于stay。
We remained at school until 5 p. m. 我们留在学校直到下午5点。
(3)remain还可作连系动词,意为 “ 保持不变 ”,后通常接形容词、名词作表语。
She remained happy despite the difficulties. 尽管有困难,她依然保持快乐。
知识点33 Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend. 非常感谢您不仅是我的老师,还是我的朋友。(教材P29 3a)
not only…but also… 不但……而且…… (教材P29)
(1) not only…but also……意为 “ 不但......而且...... ”,用于连接两个对等的成分,如连接并列主语、谓语、宾语和表语等。连接并列主语时,谓语动词与but also后的主语一致,即遵循 “ 就近原则 ”。
Not only you but also he is interested in swimming.不但你而且他也对游泳感兴趣。(并列主语)
We not only study but also do all kinds of activities at school.在学校我们不但学习而且做各种各样的活动。(并列谓语)
My brother is not only a doctor but also a volunteer.我哥哥不但是一名医生而且也是一名志愿者。(并列表语)
(2) not only ... but also ...连接两个分句,且not only置于句首时,第一个分句使用部分倒装。but also所在句中,主语可以放在but和also之间。
Not only did they give away their money, but also they went to help the people there.他们不但捐赠了钱,而且也去帮助那里的人。
知识点34 Why wasn't I more careful? 我为什么不更小心一点? (教材P26)
“ 疑问词 + 否定式疑问句 ” 通常用于事情已经发生且造成了不好的结果之后,说话人反思自己过去的行为,因 “ 不够小心 ” 而自责。
Why wasn't I more careful? Now the glass is broken.我当时为什么没更小心点?现在杯子碎了。
Why wasn't I more careful? I could have got full marks.我当时为什么没更仔细些?我本可以得满分的。
结构分析:此句是一个特殊疑问句,表达对过去行为的懊悔。Why是疑问词,wasn’t是系动词的否定形式,I是主语,more careful是表语。
重点语法解析
语法 (从属连词although、until、so that和if)
(一)although引导的让步状语从句:
although意为 “ 虽然;尽管 ”,引导让步状语从句,相当于though,可放在主句前,也可放在主句后。
although或though不能与but、however连用,但可以与yet、still同时使用。
Although / Though it was cold, she didn't wear a coat. 虽然天气很冷,她却没穿外套。
Although the task was difficult, yet we managed to finish it on time. 尽管任务很困难,我们还是设法按时完成了。
(二)until引导的状语从句:
until作连词,意为 “直到······为止 ”,引导时间状语从句,具体用法有:
1. 主句为肯定句时,其谓语动词为延续性动词,强调主句的动作或状态一直持续到从句的动作发生为止,意为 “ 直到······为止 ”。
We waited here until he came back.我们在这儿一直等到他回来。
2. 主句为否定句时,其谓语动词用延续性动词或非延续性动词均可,强调主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始,意为 “ 直到······才······”。
Wang Tao did not go to sleep until he solved the difficult math problem.王涛直到解决了那道数学难题,他才去睡觉。
3. 当主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,遵从“主将从现原则”。
· He won't believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.直到亲眼看见它,他才会相信。
(三)so that引导目的状语从句:
1. so that意为 “ 为了;以便 ”,引导目的状语从句时,相当于in order that, 从句中常加can, could, may, might等词。
Be more active in class so that you can improve your ability to express yourself.在课堂上更积极一些,这样你就能提高自己的表达能力了。
2. so that还可引导结果状语从句,意为 “ 因此;所以 ”。此时从句中通常没有情态动词。
The storm was very violent, so that many trees in the park were uprooted.暴风雨很猛烈,结果公园里的许多树都被连根拔起了。
3. so...that... 如此......以至于(that引导结果状语从句)
The film is so interesting that we all love it.这部电影太有趣了,以至于我们都喜欢。
He spoke so quietly that I couldn’t hear him.他说话太轻了,以至于我听不见。
随堂训练
1.(24-25八年级下·上海杨浦·期末)________ the hotel was quite far from the city center, it was comfortable and had excellent service.
A.Because B.Although C.If D.Until
【答案】B
【详解】句意:虽然这家酒店离市中心很远,它却很舒适,而且服务很棒。
考查连词辨析。Because因为;Although虽然;If如果;Until直到……为止。根据“the hotel was quite far from the city center”和“it was comfortable and had excellent service”可知,前句“酒店离市中心远”,后句“酒店舒适、服务好”,前后句之间形成让步关系。故选B。
2.(24-25八年级下·云南昆明·期末)—Mike always copies my homework, what should I do?
—________ he’s your best friend, you should tell him that copying is wrong.
A.While B.Although C.Since D.If
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——Mike总是抄我的作业,我该怎么办?——尽管他是你的好朋友,你还是应该告诉他抄作业是错误的。
考查Although引导让步状语从句。While当……时候;Although尽管;Since既然;If如果。根据“...he’s your best friend, you should tell him that copying is wrong.”可知,前后句为让步关系,尽管他是你的好朋友,你还是应该告诉他抄作业是错误的。因此,用although引导让步状语从句。故选B。
3.(24-25八年级下·云南昆明·期末)________ AI is smart, it can’t take humans’ place.
A.Until B.If C.Although D.Because
【答案】C
【详解】句意:虽然人工智能很聪明,但它不能取代人类的位置。
考查连词辨析。Until直到……为止;If如果;Although虽然;Because因为。根据题干可知,前后句是让步关系,所以应用Although引导此让步状语从句。故选C。
4.(24-25八年级下·安徽池州·期末)The tourists were still in high spirits ________ it was rainy in Mount Huangshan.
A.because B.unless C.although D.until
【答案】C
【详解】句意:虽然黄山下着雨,但游客们仍然兴致勃勃。
考查让步状语从句。because因为;unless除非;although虽然;until直到。根据“The tourists were still in high spirits…it was rainy”可知,although表让步转折,符合“下雨却仍高兴”的对比关系。故选C。
5.(23-24八年级下·上海奉贤·期末)________ the story of The Little Prince is very simple, it touches people’s hearts in many ways.
A.When B.Although C.If D.Because
【答案】B
【详解】句意:虽然《小王子》的故事很简单,但它却在很多方面打动了人们的心。
考查连词辨析。When当……时候;Although虽然;If如果;Because因为。根据“…the story of The Little Prince is very simple, it touches people’s hearts in many ways.”可知,此处是指故事很简单,却温暖了人们,前后句为让步关系,应用although引导让步状语从句。故选B。
6.(23-24八年级下·云南丽江·期末)The mother didn’t go to sleep ________ her son came back home last night.
A.if B.until C.while D.because
【答案】B
【详解】句意:妈妈昨晚直到儿子回家才睡觉。
考查从属连词辨析。if如果,是否;until直到……为止,not…until…“直到……才……”;while当……时;because因为。分析句子“The mother didn’t go to sleep…her son came back home last night.”可知,“didn’t go to sleep”是否定结构,与“until”连用构成“not...until…”,表示“直到……才……”,表达妈妈直到儿子回家才睡觉。故选B。
7.(24-25八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末)Mark didn’t wake up ________ his friend called him this morning.
A.before B.while C.after D.until
【答案】D
【详解】句意:马克今天早上直到他朋友打电话给他才醒来。
考查连词词义辨析。before在……之前;while当……时;after在……之后;until直到……,常与“not”搭配构成“not... until...”结构,意为“直到……才……”。由“Mark didn’t wake up ... his friend called him this morning.”可知,此处表达“朋友打电话后马克才醒”,符合“not... until...”的用法,故“until”符合语境。故选D。
8.(24-25八年级下·江西景德镇·期末)—Time waits for no man.
—But people won’t realize the importance of time ________ it’s gone.
A.although B.until C.so that D.as
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——时不我待。——但人们直到时间流逝才会意识到它的重要性。
考查连词辨析。although尽管;until直到;so that以便;as当……时。根据“people won’t realize the importance of time...it’s gone”可知,人们直到时间流逝才会意识到它的重要性,此处构成“not...until...”结构,意为“直到……才……”,故选B。
9.(24-25八年级下·上海黄浦·期末)Passengers: Don’t get off the bus ________ it has completely stopped.
A.when B.until C.if D.after
【答案】B
【详解】句意:乘客们:直到公共汽车完全停止之时才能下车。
考查连词辨析。when当……时;until直到;if如果;after在……之后。此处表示“直到车完全停止才能下车”,not…until“直到……才”。故选B。
10.(24-25八年级下·上海金山·期末)They didn’t stop chatting ________ their teacher came into the classroom.
A.unless B.until C.as soon as D.when
【答案】B
【详解】句意:直到老师走进教室,他们才停止聊天。
考查从属连词辨析。unless除非;until直到;as soon as一……就……;when当……时候。根据“They didn’t stop chatting...their teacher came into the classroom.”可知,直到老师走进教室,他们才停止聊天。not...until意为“直到……才”,符合语境。故选B。
11.(24-25八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末)She got up early in the morning ________ she could exercise for an hour.
A.unless B.so that C.as if D.as long as
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她早上起得很早,以便她能锻炼一个小时。
考查连词辨析。unless除非;so that为了,以便;as if好像;as long as只要。根据“she could exercise for an hour.”可知,起得很早是为了能锻炼一个小时,需要用so that引导目的状语从句。故选B。
12.(24-25八年级下·甘肃平凉·期末)—Li Ming argued with his best friend. What should he do?
—He should talk to his friend ________ he can say he’s sorry.
A.so that B.although C.but D.unless
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——李明和他最好的朋友吵架了。他应该做什么?——他应该和他的朋友谈谈,以便他能道歉。
考查连词辨析。so that以便、为了;although尽管;but但是;unless除非。根据“He should talk to his friend”和“he can say he’s sorry”可知,谈话的目的是为了让他道歉。“so that”引导目的状语从句,故选A。
13.(24-25八年级下·安徽安庆·期末)I brought an umbrella with me ________ I wouldn’t get wet in the rain.
A.as soon as B.in order to C.so that D.unless
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我随身带了一把雨伞,这样我就不会被雨淋湿了。
考查连词短语辨析。as soon as一……就……,引导时间状语从句;in order to为了,后接动词原形,不引导从句;so that以便,为了,引导目的状语从句;unless除非,引导条件状语从句。根据句意可知,带雨伞的目的是为了不被雨淋湿,空格后是一个完整的句子,所以此处应用so that引导目的状语从句。故选C。
14.(24-25八年级下·安徽蚌埠·期末)—I’m a little shy in class. What should I do?
—Be more active and confident ________ you can improve your ability to express yourself.
A.so that B.or C.but D.while
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我在课堂上有点害羞。我该怎么办?——要更积极自信,以便你能提高表达能力。
考查连词辨析。so that以便;or或者;but但是;while当……时候。根据“Be more active and confident”可知,更积极自信是为了能提高表达能力,需要用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。
15.(24-25八年级下·云南昆明·期末)—Peter had a fight with his friend. What should he do?
—He should talk to his friend ________ he can say he’s sorry.
A.for example B.because of C.so that D.in order to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——彼得和他的朋友打架了。他应该怎么做?——他应该和他的朋友谈谈,以便他能说对不起。
考查短语辨析。for example例如;because of因为;so that以便,后接句子;in order to为了,后接动词原形。分析句子结构可知,“he can say he’s sorry”是一个句子,且根据语境可知,彼得和朋友谈话的目的是为了道歉,所以空处应用so that引导目的状语从句。故选C。
16.(24-25八年级下·云南德宏·期末)If you ________ harder than before, you ________ the final exam.
A.study; pass B.will study; pass
C.study; will pass D.will study; will pass
【答案】C
【详解】句意:如果你比以前更努力学习,你就会通过期末考试。
考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,本句为含if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句,需遵循“主将从现”原则:即通常情况下,从句用一般现在时表条件,主句用一般将来时 (will +动词原形) 表结果;第一个空位于if引导的条件从句中,需使用一般现在时,主语是you,谓语动词用原形;第二个空位于主句中,需使用一般将来时“will pass”表示未来的结果。故选C。
17.(24-25八年级下·甘肃定西·期末)I can come at once ________ you need my help.
A.so B.but C.until D.if
【答案】D
【详解】句意:如果你需要我的帮助,我可以马上来。
考查连词辨析。so所以;but但是;until直到……为止;if如果。根据前后句句意可知句子表达了一种条件关系。主句“I can come at once”表示一种可能性或意愿,从句“you need my help”是这种行动的条件。因此,使用连词“if”来引导条件状语从句。故选D。
18.(24-25八年级下·云南昭通·期末)You will feel better ________ you take a deep breath before giving a speech.
A.or B.if C.whether D.and
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果你在演讲前深呼吸,你会感觉好一些。
考查连词。or否则;if如果;whether是否;and和。根据“You will feel better...you take a deep breath before giving a speech.”可知,如果在演讲前深呼吸会感觉好一些,用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。
19.(24-25八年级上·云南昆明·期末)I won’t have enough time to study ________ I watch TV so often.
A.if B.although C.but D.so
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果我经常看电视,我就没有足够的时间学习了。
考查连词辨析。if如果;although虽然;but但是;so所以。后句是前句的肯定条件,用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。
20.(23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期末)—Tim, our foreign teacher Ms. Green will go back to England next week.
—Really? Let’s have a party to say goodbye to her ________ she is free this weekend.
A.unless B.if C.though D.until
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——蒂姆,我们的外教格林女士下周将回英国。——真的?如果这个周末她有空,我们开个晚会向她告别吧。
考查连词。unless除非;if如果;though尽管;until直到。根据题干可知,给她开个告别晚会,应在是有空的条件下,因此用if引导条件状语从句,故选B。
写作精讲
本单元的主题是“情绪管理”,要求学生能够运用相关词汇和句式,谈论生活中的不同情绪,向情绪低落的朋友提供建议,或向帮助自己的人表示感谢。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①描述让自己产生某种情绪的具体经历;②分析情绪产生的原因;③以感谢信的形式阐述他人帮助自己应对情绪的具体经历并表达感激之情。
在中考书面表达中,与此主题相关的命题形式主要有撰写感谢信、演讲稿等。通常需要涵盖的主要内容包括:清晰描述引发特定情绪的事件,具体说明对方的帮助是如何影响自己的情绪的,并真挚地表达感恩之情。
1.写作实例
假如你是外国语学校的学生李华,在外教Mr. Brown的帮助下,你的性格发生了很大变化,你变得积极开朗,并在学校组织的英语戏剧大赛 (English Opera Competition) 中获得了一等奖。请给Mr. Brown写一封感谢信,主要内容包括:
1.对Mr. Brown表示感谢;
2.简述自己的变化;
3.简述Mr. Brown对你的帮助、你取得的进步及比赛的结果;4.邀请Mr. Brown到家里做客。
要求:1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);2.须包含所有要点提示,可适当补充,以使语句通顺,行文连贯;3.信中不得出现个人姓名、校名等真实信息。
Dear Mr. Brown,
2.审题指导
1.体裁:应用文 2.时态:以一般现在时和一般过去时为主
3.人称:以第一人称为主
4.必备词句:
①make a big difference产生重大影响
②be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事
③smile at sb.对某人微笑
④prepare for为……做准备
⑤express emotions through...通过……表达情感
⑥When I was too nervous to answer, you said, “It’s okay to make mistakes!”当我紧张得无法回答时,你说:“犯错没关系!”
3.谋篇布局
优秀范文
Dear Mr. Brown,
Thank you so much for helping me become a better person! Your care and encouragement have made a big difference in my life.
I used to be shy and quiet. I was afraid to speak in front of others and hardly made friends. In your classes, you always smiled at me and asked questions to make me talk. When I was too nervous to answer, you said, “It’s okay to make mistakes!”Once, you stayed with me for an hour to prepare for the English Opera Competition, teaching me how to express emotions through voice and gestures. Bit by bit, I gained confidence and started to enjoy speaking English and making friends. Last week, I won first prize in the competition!
None of these would have happened without you. I hope you can come to my home for dinner this weekend. My parents want to thank you too! Looking forward to seeing you.
Yours, Li Hua
随堂训练
一
你的好朋友因期中考试临近,正被压力困扰,请你分享一些解压小技巧来帮助他缓解紧张情绪,并鼓励他一起冲刺好成绩。短文内容不得少于80词。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作提示】
1. 主题:帮助朋友缓解压力
2. 人称:第一人称、第二人称
3. 时态:一般现在时
4. 要点:提供解压建议并给予鼓励
5. 写作思路:第一段点明自己对朋友面临压力的关心,第二段写出具体建议与行动步骤,第三段给予鼓励并发出共同行动的邀请。
【范文】
I know you’re stressed about the coming mid-term exams, but don’t worry. Here’s how you can feel better.
First, make a study plan wisely. Allocate your time to each subject, like 30 minutes to math and 20 minutes to English. You can also write down your plan so that you stay organized. Second, don’t keep worries to yourself. Share with others instead. After all, a problem shared is a problem halved. Lastly, take short breaks. Although exams are important, taking care of yourself is also necessary.
Let’s study together. I’m here to support you so that we can overcome this challenge together.
二
学习和生活的道路从来都不是一帆风顺的,你一定曾因学习的问题、家人给予的压力等感到焦虑,但幸运的是你的朋友给予了你帮助和建议。假如你是李华,针对这些难忘的经历,请给你的朋友写一封感谢信。
参考要点:1.曾经的压力或焦虑(成绩下降,人际关系差等);2.朋友给予的建议或帮助;3.感谢;4.……
要求:1.词数80—120(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);2.不能出现真实姓名和班级等信息。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
Dear Tom,
I am so lucky to have a friend like you. Last month, I felt really stressed because my grades dropped suddenly. My parents kept arguing about my study, and I even started to avoid talking to classmates. I was so anxious that I couldn’t sleep well at night.
One day, you noticed I was upset and asked me to take a walk with you. You listened quietly as I cried and said, “It’s okay to feel tired. Let’s find a way together.” You helped me make a study plan and encouraged me to talk to my parents. When I was afraid to speak, you said, “I’ll be with you.” Thanks to you, I slowly improved my math and had a heart-to-heart talk with my parents.
Tom, you’re not just a friend—you’re my sunshine. I’m so grateful to have you by my side!
Yours,
Li Hua
三
(24-25九年级上·山东德州·期末)随着社会的快节奏发展,压力已成为一个普遍的社会问题,学生也面临各种各样的压力。全国心理健康日到来之际,为了促进学生快乐学习,健康成长,幸福生活,我校校报开展以Less Stress, Better Life为题的征文比赛。请根据提示内容,用英语写一篇短文,阐述中学生压力大的原因并且提出恰当的减压方法,除了提示中的内容,请你至少再补充两条。
要求:
(1) 要点齐全,语言通顺,意思连贯,条理清晰,书写规范;
(2) 80-100词,标题和开头已经给出,不计入总词数;
(3) 文中不得出现真实人名和校名。
Less Stress, Better Life
Nowadays, stress has become a common problem in society. We teenagers also have a lot of stress while growing up.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Less Stress, Better Life
Nowadays, stress has become a common problem in society. We teenagers also have a lot of stress while growing up.
We’re stressed for several reasons. There’s tons of homework and frequent exams, leaving us tired and nervous. Some don’t know how to get along well with others, causing interpersonal issues. Parents and teachers’ high hopes also add to our pressure.
To reduce stress, do sports regularly to relax. Listening to music helps calm our minds. Sharing feelings with others makes us feel better. Developing hobbies like drawing can take our minds off stress.
Less stress leads to a better life. Let’s take action to manage it!
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇应用文,为征文比赛的短文;
②时态:时态为“一般现在时”;
③提示:写作要点已给出,考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中中学生压力大的原因和降低压力的方法,适当添加细节,并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步,表明写作意图。借用“压力已成为一个普遍的社会问题,学生也面临各种各样的压力”来引出重点介绍的内容;
第二步,具体阐述写作内容。从“压力大的原因和降低压力的方法”几个方面重点介绍;
第三步,书写结语。表达“减少压力,过更好的生活”的愿望。
[亮点词汇]
①several 几个
②tons of 大量
③frequent 频繁的
④get along well with 与……相处融洽[高分句型]
①There’s tons of homework and frequent exams, leaving us tired and nervous.(现在分词作结果状语)
②Some don’t know how to get along well with others, causing interpersonal issues.(现在分词作结果状语)
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$