Unit 3 Environmental Protection 环境保护（话题阅读精练）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 3 Environmental Protection环境保护 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元主题是“环境保护” 主题词汇积累 1. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. environmental adj. 环境的 3. protection n. 保护 4. protect v. 保护 5. conservation n. 保护；节约 6. preserve v. 保护；维护 7. sustainable adj. 可持续的 8. sustainability n. 可持续性 9. ecology n. 生态 10. ecosystem n. 生态系统 11. environmentally friendly 环保的 12. pollute v. 污染 13. pollution n. 污染 14. waste n. 废物；垃圾 15. rubbish / garbage n. 垃圾 16. plastic n. 塑料 17. poison n. 毒药 v. 毒害 18. poisonous adj. 有毒的 19. harmful adj. 有害的 20. damage v./n. 损害；破坏 21. destroy v. 破坏；摧毁 22. destruction n. 破坏 23. threaten v. 威胁 24. threat n. 威胁 25. endanger v. 危及；使遭危险 26. endangered adj. 濒危的 27. extinct adj. 灭绝的 28. extinction n. 灭绝 29. climate n. 气候 30. global warming 全球变暖 31. carbon n. 碳 32. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 33. emission n. 排放 34. reduce v. 减少 35. recycle v. 回收利用 36. reusable adj. 可重复使用的 37. renewable adj. 可再生的 38. energy n. 能源 39. green energy 绿色能源 40. species n. 物种 41. habitat n. 栖息地 42. wildlife n. 野生动植物 43. creature n. 生物 44. vegetation n. 植被 45. soil n. 土壤 46. oxygen n. 氧气 47. responsibility n. 责任 48. responsible adj. 负责任的 49. measure n. 措施 50. action n. 行动 51. deal with 处理 52. solve v. 解决 53. improve v. 改善 54. promote v. 促进；推广 55. urge v. 敦促 56. advocate v. 提倡；拥护 57. participate v. 参与 58. volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 志愿 59. take action 采取行动 60. raise awareness 提高意识 61. cut down 砍伐 62. clean up 清理 63. make a difference 有影响；起作用 64. live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处 时文拓展阅读 Nowadays, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious around the world. Air pollution, water pollution and plastic waste are threatening our ecosystem and even human health. Global warming leads to extreme weather, endangering countless species and destroying their natural habitats. Therefore, environmental protection has become an urgent task for everyone. To solve these problems, many countries are taking active measures. They encourage the use of clean and renewable energy instead of fossil fuels, which can reduce carbon emissions and slow down global warming. More factories are required to deal with waste before putting it into rivers or air. Governments also appeal to the public to recycle daily waste, refuse plastic bags and live a low-carbon lifestyle. As individuals, we can also make a great difference. Saving water and paper, choosing green transport and sorting rubbish are simple but effective actions. Raising environmental awareness is equally important. We should live in harmony with nature and refuse to buy products made from endangered wildlife. In short, protecting the environment is not only a choice but a responsibility. Only by joint efforts can we build a sustainable world and leave a clean and healthy planet for the next generation. 【译文欣赏】 如今，环境问题在全球范围内变得日益严重。空气污染、水污染以及塑料垃圾正在威胁我们的生态系统，甚至人类健康。全球变暖导致极端天气，危及无数物种并破坏它们的自然栖息地。因此，环境保护已成为每个人的紧迫任务。 为了解决这些问题，许多国家正在采取积极措施。它们鼓励使用清洁可再生能源来替代化石燃料，这能减少碳排放并减缓全球变暖。更多工厂被要求在将废物排入河流或空气前进行处理。政府也呼吁公众回收生活垃圾、拒绝塑料袋，并践行低碳生活方式。 作为个人，我们也能发挥重要作用。节约用水和用纸、选择绿色交通、垃圾分类都是简单却有效的行动。提高环保意识同样重要。我们应与自然和谐共处，拒绝购买由濒危野生物种制成的产品。 总之，保护环境不仅是一种选择，更是一份责任。只有通过共同努力，我们才能建设一个可持续发展的世界，为下一代留下一个干净健康的地球。 【词汇积累】 1. 2. environmental protection 环境保护 3. pollution n. 污染 4. ecosystem n. 生态系统 5. global warming 全球变暖 6. habitat n. 栖息地 7. species n. 物种 8. renewable energy 可再生能源 9. carbon emission 碳排放 10. reduce v. 减少 11. recycle v. 回收利用 12. low-carbon lifestyle 低碳生活 13. sustainable adj. 可持续的 14. endangered adj. 濒危的 15. in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处 高考真题链接 （2025·全国一卷·高考真题）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 2．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 句 1原句： Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. 结构： ① 主句：Microplastics have become a common source of pollution ② 破折号后举例：they have settled…, stuck…, filled… and even fallen… ③ 并列结构：列举微塑料污染的范围 翻译：微塑料已成为全球常见的污染源，它们遍布深海、喜马拉雅山、火山岩、海鸟体内，甚至落在南极的新雪中。 句 2原句： Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap: boiling and filtering it. 结构： ① 主句：new research suggests ② 宾语从句：that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce… ③ 冒号解释：boiling and filtering it（具体方法） 翻译：现在，新研究表明，一种简单便宜的方法可以显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量：煮沸并过滤。 句 3原句： Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics. 结构： ① 主句：this process relies on the water ② 后置定语：containing enough calcium carbonate ③ 结果状语：to trap the plastics 翻译： 至关重要的是，这一过程依赖水中含有足够的碳酸钙来吸附微塑料。 1. microplastics n. 微塑料 2. pollution n. 污染 3. filter v. 过滤 4. reduce v. 减少 5. remove v. 移除；去除 6. chemical n. 化学物质 7. exposure n. 暴露；接触 8. treatment n. 处理 9. drinking water 饮用水 10. tap water 自来水 11. bottled water 瓶装水 12. pollutant n. 污染物 13. harmful adj. 有害的 14. concern n. 担忧；关注 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 研究发现，二氧化碳与温度升高会使农作物产量增加但营养下降，导致 “隐性饥饿”，威胁人类健康，该问题具有全球性影响，需要多方合作应对。 Passage2 阅读理解 亚马逊产生大量塑料包装垃圾，虽提供回收指南，但实际回收效果差。环保人士呼吁其承担责任，放弃一次性包装，改用可重复使用系统。 Passage3 阅读理解 可生物降解塑料被视为解决塑料污染的方法，但需特定环境才能分解，且存在生产代价与 “漂绿” 风险。作者认为它并非完美方案，需合理使用。 Passage4 阅读理解 近 300 年亚洲象栖息地大幅丧失，主要由森林减少、农业开发等人类活动造成，导致大象生存受威胁、人象冲突加剧。 Passage5 七选五 介绍家庭堆肥的简单步骤：了解当地规则、分清可堆肥物品、选择容器与位置、养成日常习惯，实现环保处理厨余垃圾。 Passage6 七选五 建设 “无废城市” 是长期工程，需通过公众参与、优化回收、绿色生产、严打非法倾倒等多方措施共同实现。 Passage7 语法填空 极地生态修复难度极高，需结合现代科学与本土传统智慧，重建完整食物链，保护北极狐等脆弱物种。 Passage8 语法填空 介绍查干湖冬捕这一非遗文化，当地通过改用大网眼渔网、科学投放鱼苗等方式实现渔业可持续发展，保护水质。 Passage9 语法填空 介绍野生动物保护学家 Jane Goodall，她长期研究黑猩猩、推动环保，其项目影响世界多国青年，也对中国环保事业产生深远影响。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆沙坪坝·期末）A new study points to an alarming side effect of climate change that goes beyond well-known concerns about crop harvests. Most climate impact studies focus on crop yield, but harvest size means little with poor nutritional value. The research by Jiata Ugwah Ekele, a PhD student at Liverpool John Moores University, UK, specifically explores how rising CO2 and temperature interact to affect nutrient formation and storage, suggesting that the ongoing effects of climate change are set to have destructive and enduring consequences for plant growth and human health. This research centers on popular leafy vegetables like kale and spinach, which are grown in environment-controlled chambers modelling the UK’s projected future climate. Photosynthetic markers (光合作用标记物) are assessed during growth, while yield and total plant weight are recorded at harvest. Nutritional quality is then analyzed using HPLC and X-Ray Fluorescence. The results reveal a situation where the plants gain size but lose nutrients. Higher CO2 levels promote plant growth and weight accumulation, yet change their internal nutritional value. Statistics show that the plants exhibit significantly increased concentrations of sugars and carbohydrates (碳水化合物), while demonstrating marked declines in essential minerals and certain antioxidant compounds. These changes are only exacerbated by increases in temperature. The interaction between CO2 and heat stress intensifies the decline in nutritional quality, with different crops responding uniquely. This shift contributes to the growing concern of “unseen hunger,” in which calorie sufficiency masks micronutrient shortage. While food can provide enough calories, it may lead to lack of key nutrients, which, over time, could weaken immune function and increase risks of obesity (肥胖) and type 2 diabetes — especially in regions that rely heavily on only a few staple crops. Although the study employs a climate model based on UK projections, the significance is global. Food systems everywhere face challenges from shifting weather and extreme heat, with tropical regions additionally coping with drought and pests. Therefore, cooperation across agriculture, nutrition and policy is vital. As Ms Ekele says, “Food is more than just calories; it’s a foundation for human development and climate adaptation.” 1．What does Jiata Ugwah Ekele’s research focus on’? A．The impact of climate change on plants growth. B．The effect of higher CO2 and heat on crop nutrition. C．The link between climate change and crop size. D．The ways to increase the nutritional quality of crops. 2．The underlined word “exacerbated” in paragraph 3 means “________”. A．Worsened. B．Relieved. C．Balanced. D．Lessened. 3．What can be inferred about “unseen hunger” from the passage? A．It is most common in agricultural regions. B．It is caused by insufficient calories intake. C．Its effects can be observed in a short term. D．It does not lead to immediate weight loss. 4．Why is the study of Jiata Ugwah Ekele globally significant? A．The UK’s future climate is a global model. B．The methods used are widely applicable. C．The problem it reveals could be widespread. D．Crops worldwide show identical responses. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·四川·期末）According to a 2024 report from ocean conservancy organization Oceana, Amazon produced 208 million pounds of plastic packaging (包装材料) waste from U.S. deals in 2022. Despite a global drop in plastic waste, the number for U.S. shipping saw a 9.6 percent increase. “This amount of plastic, in the form of air pillows, would circle the Earth more than 200 times,” the organization says. Amazon, for what it’s worth, does provide guidelines around the topic. U.S. customers whose orders are achieved by Amazon can click on any order in the Amazon app and scroll down to the bottom to view recycling instructions. Customers can also ask Alexa or Siri “How do I recycle my Amazon packaging?” and both will direct them to Amazon’s guidelines. But David Pinsky, a senior plastics campaigner at Greenpeace, doesn’t think this information is very useful. “While it is helpful to provide information, Amazon is continuing to place the load on customers to manage its huge packaging footprint. As U.S. and global recycling markets crash, the truth is that very few plastics are still recyclable and, even if they are collected for recycling, most are not recycled. It’s time for Amazon to throw away all single-use packaging and switch to reuse and refill systems,” Pinsky, who works to make large companies reduce their single-plastic use, wrote in an email. Large corporations like Amazon need to take responsibility by ending throwaway packaging and switching to reuse and refill systems, Pinsky explained. In a December 2022 blog post, Amazon admitted this difference: “Although the plastic packaging Amazon uses today is recyclable, it generally requires our customers to take the materials from their homes to store drop-off locations. As a company that centers our customers, we recognize it’s not the easiest customer experience.” 1．How does the author start the text? A．By making a comparison. B．By listing some key data. C．By presenting a viewpoint. D．By quoting a famed saying. 2．What can we find in the Amazon app according to the text? A．Remarks from green campaigners. B．Suggestions of making proper orders. C．Instructions about recycling plastics. D．Guidelines of reducing buyers’ burden. 3．Which of the following may David Pinsky agree with? A．Amazon apps are of no use to shoppers. B．Amazon provides valuable information. C．Amazon is a dependable shopping company. D．Amazon needs to adjust packaging strategy. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Ways for Amazon to Recycle B．Responsibility for Amazon to Take C．Directions of Using Amazon App D．The Reality of Amazon Recycling Passage 3 （25-26高二上·江苏南京·期末）Plastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. Each year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in oceans, forests and landfills, harming wildlife and ecosystems. In recent years, biodegradable plastics have been promoted as a promising solution to this crisis. Biodegradable plastics are designed to break down naturally into harmless substances, such as water and carbon dioxide, with the help of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Unlike traditional plastics, which can take hundreds of years to decompose (分解), some biodegradable plastics can break down in just a few months under the right conditions. However, the reality is more complicated than it seems. Most biodegradable plastics require specific environmental conditions to decompose — high temperatures, sufficient moisture and the presence of certain microorganisms. For example, some biodegradable plastics can only break down in industrial composting facilities, not in the ocean or ordinary landfills. If they end up in the wrong environment, they can persist for just as long as traditional plastics. Besides, the production of biodegradable plastics has its own environmental costs. Many of these plastics are made from crops like corn and sugarcane, which require large amounts of land, water and fertilizers. This can lead to deforestation and soil degradation, especially in developing countries where agricultural land is limited. And there is also a risk of “greenwashing” — companies using the label “biodegradable” to make their products seem more environmentally friendly, even if the plastics do not meet strict standards. This confuses consumers and may lead them to use more plastic, thinking it is harmless. So, are biodegradable plastics a perfect solution? I think we’ve already had the answer. They can play a role in reducing plastic pollution, but only if they are used correctly, disposed of properly, and combined with other measures such as reducing plastic use, reusing products and recycling. 1．What is the key characteristic of biodegradable plastics? A．They are produced entirely from agricultural waste. B．They can decompose quickly in any natural environment. C．They are always cheaper and more durable than traditional plastics. D．They are intended to decompose naturally into harmless substances. 2．Why can’t biodegradable plastics break down in ordinary landfills? A．They are mixed with traditional plastics. B．There is no space for them to break down. C．They lack the necessary environmental conditions. D．They produce harmful gases that stop decomposition. 3．In Paragraph 3, what does “greenwashing” refer to? A．Planting trees to offset plastic pollution B．Recycling plastic waste into green products C．Making false environmental claims for profit D．Using green materials to make plastic products 4．What is the writer’s attitude towards biodegradable plastics as a solution? A．Favourable. B．Objective. C．Unconcerned. D．Opposed. Passage 4 （25-26高二上·陕西商洛·期末）More than 3 million square kilometers of the Asian elephant’s historic habitat range has been lost in just three centuries, a new report from an international scientific team led by a researcher at University of California San Diego reveals. This dramatic decline may underlie present-day conflicts between elephants and people, the authors argue. Developing new insights from a unique data set that models land-use change over three centuries, the research team led by Shermin de Silva found that habitats suitable for Asian elephants have been cut by nearly two-thirds within the past 300 years. The largest living land animal in Asia, endangered Asian elephants inhabited grasslands and rainforest ecosystems that once crossed the continent. Analyzing land-use data from the years 850 to 2015, the researchers describe in the journal Scientific Reports a troubling situation in which they estimate that more than 64% of historic suitable elephant habitat across Asia has been lost. While elephant habitats remained relatively stable prior to the 1700s, land-use practices in Asia, including forest decrease, farming and agriculture, cut the average habitat size more than 80%, from 99,000 to 16,000 square kilometers. The study also suggests that the remaining elephant populations today may not have enough habitat areas. While 100% of the area within 100 kilometers of the current elephant range was considered suitable habitat in 1700, the proportion (比例) has since declined to less than 50% by 2015. This sets up a high potential for conflicts with people living in those areas as elephant populations change their behavior and adjust to more human-dominated spaces. “In the 1600s and 1700s there is evidence of a dramatic change in land use, not just in Asia, but globally,” said de Silva, an assistant professor in the School of Biological Sciences’ Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, and founder of the nonprofit Trunks & Leaves. “Around the world we see a really dramatic transformation that has serious consequences that last even to this day. “ 1．What did the new report focus on? A．Changes of the living habitats for Asian elephants. B．The number of conflicts between elephants and people. C．The measures taken for agricultural models of land-use. D．Ways to deal with conflicts between man and animals. 2．What’s the main cause of elephant habitat loss? A．The increase of elephant population. B．People’s living styles in the past 300 years. C．Endangered elephants’ bad health conditions. D．Human activities in elephants’ ecosystems. 3．What’s de Silva’s attitude towards the environment? A．Positive. B．Tolerant. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Conflicts between elephants and humans. B．Loss of Asian elephants’ habitat range. C．Human activities’ influence on Asian elephants. D．Necessary change for elephant populations. Passage 5 （25-26高二上·浙江衢州·期末）You may have heard the word “composting,” but what does it mean? Composting is similar to recycling — it’s disposing of organic food waste in a way that allows it to break down naturally instead of being buried in landfills. When you compost food wastes, they can be processed into nutrient-rich soil. It’s a planet-friendly cycle. 1 . Research your town’s rules Some large cities in the US — such as New York, San Francisco, and Seattle — have made it a legal requirement to compost, providing special bins where people can put their food waste. 2 . To find out more, search online for your town name, state, and the word “composting”. 3 “Green” waste such as fruits, vegetables, eggshells, and coffee grounds and “brown” waste like leaves, twigs, cardboard, and used paper plates are commonly accepted for composting. With an adult’s help, check the rules for composting near you. Pick a spot to compost 4 . You can keep it simple by using a mixing bowl where you can throw kitchen leftovers as you prepare meals. Be sure to cover the bowl with a plate to reduce odors and avoid attracting fruit flies. You can also buy a countertop compost container. Make it part of a routine To prevent your food waste container from overflowing, your family will naturally need to take it to the local drop-off site frequently. A weekly trip can easily become part of your routine. Choose a specific day for this task. This simple habit keeps your kitchen tidy. 5 . A．Learn what to compost B．Choose a suitable method C．You can participate by following a few easy steps D．Other towns may have a drop-off spot for compost E．More importantly, it also helps the environment significantly F．Always separate meat and dairy products from compostable items G．Decide what kind of container to use for compost and where you’ll store it Passage 6 （25-26高二上·广东揭阳·期末）How to Build “Zero-waste Cities” To carry out the 2026 Action Plan for Comprehensive Solid Waste Management, building “zero-waste cities” has become a key task, and cracking down on illegal waste dumping (倾倒) is another important task. The plan aims to reach 4.5 billion tons of bulk solid waste utilization and 510 million tons of renewable resource recycling by 2030. 1 Strengthen Public Participation, raising people’s awareness is the basic step. 2 For example, schools can hold waste-sorting lectures, and communities can organize recycling activities. When everyone realizes the importance, they will take active action to reduce waste in daily life. Optimize Waste Recycling Systems, a sound recycling system is necessary for “zero-waste cities”. 3 It also means building more recycling stations in neighborhoods to make waste recycling convenient. A smooth system helps turn waste into valuable resources efficiently. Promote Green Production and Consumption, this measure focuses on the source of waste reduction. 4 Meanwhile, consumers should choose products with less packaging and reuse recyclable items as much as possible. Green lifestyle can cut down waste from the very beginning. 5 This measure is as important as the three methods mentioned above in building zero-waste cities. With joint efforts from all sides, we will surely build more eco-friendly “zero-waste cities” and achieve the environmental goals set in the plan. A．This includes making strict rules for waste classification and treatment. B．The government should guide factories to produce with fewer raw materials. C．Illegal waste dumping is a big problem that needs strict punishment worldwide. D．Many cities have already started to get involved in the field of waste management. E．It is important to let people know how to sort waste and why waste reduction matters. F．Taking strict measures to crack down on illegal waste dumping is also a critical method. G．It is a long-term project that needs the support of the public, government and enterprises. Passage 7 （25-26高二上·河北·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The restoration of polar ecosystems, a task far more challenging than 1 (predict) by early environmentalists, has emerged as a global priority in recent decades. Unlike conventional conservation projects, 2 focus on single species protection, this initiative aims to rebuild entire food webs, a goal that demands 3 (cooperate) across scientific disciplines and national borders. The Arctic fox, one of the region’s most vulnerable species, 4 (push) to the brink of local extinction due to habitat loss and climate change, but recent efforts 5 (yield) promising results so far. What makes this project stand out is its emphasis on indigenous knowledge. Local communities, 6 (live) in harmony with polar regions for millennia, possess insights that modern science alone cannot provide. For instance, their traditional methods of tracking ice floe movements have helped researchers identify areas where reintroduction programs are 7 (likely) to succeed. Critics, however, warn that rapid intervention may disrupt natural processes, 8 (argue) that ecosystems should be left to recover on their own. 9 debates continue to rage, one thing is certain: the fate of polar ecosystems is intertwined with human actions. Only by combining scientific innovation with traditional wisdom 10 we ensure the survival of these unique landscapes for future generations. Passage 8 （25-26高二上·福建泉州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the deep winter of Northeast China, with all creatures 1 (fall) into a deep sleep, the signal of next spring has already appeared on the vast fishing ground of Chagan Lake, or “ChaganNur” in Mongolian, 2 means “Holy Lake”. Chagan Lake, as one of the seven major freshwater lakes in China and also the largest inland lake in Jilin Province, 3 (locate) in Qianguo County, northeast of Jilin Province. The Chagan Lake area has 4 extremely long history of fishing and hunting. In 1211, Genghis Khan offered sacrifice to Chagan Lake, and it is the origin of sacrificial ceremony. Afterward, the ritual (仪式) of offering sacrifices 5 awakening the net before winter fishing gradually 6 (become) fixed, and the custom of Chagan Lake winter fishing appeared over time, which has been listed as a national intangible (非物质) cultural heritage. Nowadays, the 7 (impress) scene of winter fishing attracts numerous tourists from home and abroad coming to Chagan Lake every year. 8 (achieve) sustainable development, the local fishing industry changed the small net with small holes into a large r-t with wide holes, and 9 (scientific) cast seedlings (幼苗) as planned to follow sustainable farming methods. Also, the local fishermen have been following the traditional fishing methods, trying to avoid water pollution caused by modern 10 (facility). Therefore, Chagan Lake’s fishery products are exceptional in quality and well-received by consumers. Passage 9 （25-26高二上·江西吉安·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The world was sad because of the news that Jane Goodall, a wildlife researcher and protector, passed away peacefully on a speaking tour on October 1, 2025, at the age of 91. By the time Goodall passed away in 2025, she 1 (live) near chimpanzee groups since she started her research at Tanzania’s Gombe Stream National Park in 1960, 2 (record) their daily behaviors. She made a key discovery and was the first person 3 (observe) chimpanzees making tools, a skill once 4 (believe) to be unique to humans. Her groundbreaking 65-year study changed our understanding of the animal kingdom. Goodall was far more than 5 observer; she was a tireless advocate. Her later decades saw her great efforts to protect the environment when she worked 6 a UN Messenger of Peace. Through her global youth program, millions of young people in over 65 countries became powerful and 7 (energy) supporters of community projects. Her 8 (associate) with China was especially strong. The Roots and Shoots offices were established in Beijing and Shanghai in 1999, 9 left a huge impact on Chinese environmental protectors. Goodall’s life demonstrates that one’s passion can inspire future generations to build a better world. Her great influence will 10 (definite) continue to guide us in protecting all living beings on our planet. 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Environmental Protection环境保护 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元主题是“环境保护” 主题词汇积累 1. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. environmental adj. 环境的 3. protection n. 保护 4. protect v. 保护 5. conservation n. 保护；节约 6. preserve v. 保护；维护 7. sustainable adj. 可持续的 8. sustainability n. 可持续性 9. ecology n. 生态 10. ecosystem n. 生态系统 11. environmentally friendly 环保的 12. pollute v. 污染 13. pollution n. 污染 14. waste n. 废物；垃圾 15. rubbish / garbage n. 垃圾 16. plastic n. 塑料 17. poison n. 毒药 v. 毒害 18. poisonous adj. 有毒的 19. harmful adj. 有害的 20. damage v./n. 损害；破坏 21. destroy v. 破坏；摧毁 22. destruction n. 破坏 23. threaten v. 威胁 24. threat n. 威胁 25. endanger v. 危及；使遭危险 26. endangered adj. 濒危的 27. extinct adj. 灭绝的 28. extinction n. 灭绝 29. climate n. 气候 30. global warming 全球变暖 31. carbon n. 碳 32. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 33. emission n. 排放 34. reduce v. 减少 35. recycle v. 回收利用 36. reusable adj. 可重复使用的 37. renewable adj. 可再生的 38. energy n. 能源 39. green energy 绿色能源 40. species n. 物种 41. habitat n. 栖息地 42. wildlife n. 野生动植物 43. creature n. 生物 44. vegetation n. 植被 45. soil n. 土壤 46. oxygen n. 氧气 47. responsibility n. 责任 48. responsible adj. 负责任的 49. measure n. 措施 50. action n. 行动 51. deal with 处理 52. solve v. 解决 53. improve v. 改善 54. promote v. 促进；推广 55. urge v. 敦促 56. advocate v. 提倡；拥护 57. participate v. 参与 58. volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 志愿 59. take action 采取行动 60. raise awareness 提高意识 61. cut down 砍伐 62. clean up 清理 63. make a difference 有影响；起作用 64. live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处 时文拓展阅读 Nowadays, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious around the world. Air pollution, water pollution and plastic waste are threatening our ecosystem and even human health. Global warming leads to extreme weather, endangering countless species and destroying their natural habitats. Therefore, environmental protection has become an urgent task for everyone. To solve these problems, many countries are taking active measures. They encourage the use of clean and renewable energy instead of fossil fuels, which can reduce carbon emissions and slow down global warming. More factories are required to deal with waste before putting it into rivers or air. Governments also appeal to the public to recycle daily waste, refuse plastic bags and live a low-carbon lifestyle. As individuals, we can also make a great difference. Saving water and paper, choosing green transport and sorting rubbish are simple but effective actions. Raising environmental awareness is equally important. We should live in harmony with nature and refuse to buy products made from endangered wildlife. In short, protecting the environment is not only a choice but a responsibility. Only by joint efforts can we build a sustainable world and leave a clean and healthy planet for the next generation. 【译文欣赏】 如今，环境问题在全球范围内变得日益严重。空气污染、水污染以及塑料垃圾正在威胁我们的生态系统，甚至人类健康。全球变暖导致极端天气，危及无数物种并破坏它们的自然栖息地。因此，环境保护已成为每个人的紧迫任务。 为了解决这些问题，许多国家正在采取积极措施。它们鼓励使用清洁可再生能源来替代化石燃料，这能减少碳排放并减缓全球变暖。更多工厂被要求在将废物排入河流或空气前进行处理。政府也呼吁公众回收生活垃圾、拒绝塑料袋，并践行低碳生活方式。 作为个人，我们也能发挥重要作用。节约用水和用纸、选择绿色交通、垃圾分类都是简单却有效的行动。提高环保意识同样重要。我们应与自然和谐共处，拒绝购买由濒危野生物种制成的产品。 总之，保护环境不仅是一种选择，更是一份责任。只有通过共同努力，我们才能建设一个可持续发展的世界，为下一代留下一个干净健康的地球。 【词汇积累】 1. 2. environmental protection 环境保护 3. pollution n. 污染 4. ecosystem n. 生态系统 5. global warming 全球变暖 6. habitat n. 栖息地 7. species n. 物种 8. renewable energy 可再生能源 9. carbon emission 碳排放 10. reduce v. 减少 11. recycle v. 回收利用 12. low-carbon lifestyle 低碳生活 13. sustainable adj. 可持续的 14. endangered adj. 濒危的 15. in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处 高考真题链接 （2025·全国一卷·高考真题）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 2．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 句 1原句： Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. 结构： ① 主句：Microplastics have become a common source of pollution ② 破折号后举例：they have settled…, stuck…, filled… and even fallen… ③ 并列结构：列举微塑料污染的范围 翻译：微塑料已成为全球常见的污染源，它们遍布深海、喜马拉雅山、火山岩、海鸟体内，甚至落在南极的新雪中。 句 2原句： Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap: boiling and filtering it. 结构： ① 主句：new research suggests ② 宾语从句：that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce… ③ 冒号解释：boiling and filtering it（具体方法） 翻译：现在，新研究表明，一种简单便宜的方法可以显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量：煮沸并过滤。 句 3原句： Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics. 结构： ① 主句：this process relies on the water ② 后置定语：containing enough calcium carbonate ③ 结果状语：to trap the plastics 翻译： 至关重要的是，这一过程依赖水中含有足够的碳酸钙来吸附微塑料。 1. microplastics n. 微塑料 2. pollution n. 污染 3. filter v. 过滤 4. reduce v. 减少 5. remove v. 移除；去除 6. chemical n. 化学物质 7. exposure n. 暴露；接触 8. treatment n. 处理 9. drinking water 饮用水 10. tap water 自来水 11. bottled water 瓶装水 12. pollutant n. 污染物 13. harmful adj. 有害的 14. concern n. 担忧；关注 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 研究发现，二氧化碳与温度升高会使农作物产量增加但营养下降，导致 “隐性饥饿”，威胁人类健康，该问题具有全球性影响，需要多方合作应对。 Passage2 阅读理解 亚马逊产生大量塑料包装垃圾，虽提供回收指南，但实际回收效果差。环保人士呼吁其承担责任，放弃一次性包装，改用可重复使用系统。 Passage3 阅读理解 可生物降解塑料被视为解决塑料污染的方法，但需特定环境才能分解，且存在生产代价与 “漂绿” 风险。作者认为它并非完美方案，需合理使用。 Passage4 阅读理解 近 300 年亚洲象栖息地大幅丧失，主要由森林减少、农业开发等人类活动造成，导致大象生存受威胁、人象冲突加剧。 Passage5 七选五 介绍家庭堆肥的简单步骤：了解当地规则、分清可堆肥物品、选择容器与位置、养成日常习惯，实现环保处理厨余垃圾。 Passage6 七选五 建设 “无废城市” 是长期工程，需通过公众参与、优化回收、绿色生产、严打非法倾倒等多方措施共同实现。 Passage7 语法填空 极地生态修复难度极高，需结合现代科学与本土传统智慧，重建完整食物链，保护北极狐等脆弱物种。 Passage8 语法填空 介绍查干湖冬捕这一非遗文化，当地通过改用大网眼渔网、科学投放鱼苗等方式实现渔业可持续发展，保护水质。 Passage9 语法填空 介绍野生动物保护学家 Jane Goodall，她长期研究黑猩猩、推动环保，其项目影响世界多国青年，也对中国环保事业产生深远影响。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·重庆沙坪坝·期末）A new study points to an alarming side effect of climate change that goes beyond well-known concerns about crop harvests. Most climate impact studies focus on crop yield, but harvest size means little with poor nutritional value. The research by Jiata Ugwah Ekele, a PhD student at Liverpool John Moores University, UK, specifically explores how rising CO2 and temperature interact to affect nutrient formation and storage, suggesting that the ongoing effects of climate change are set to have destructive and enduring consequences for plant growth and human health. This research centers on popular leafy vegetables like kale and spinach, which are grown in environment-controlled chambers modelling the UK’s projected future climate. Photosynthetic markers (光合作用标记物) are assessed during growth, while yield and total plant weight are recorded at harvest. Nutritional quality is then analyzed using HPLC and X-Ray Fluorescence. The results reveal a situation where the plants gain size but lose nutrients. Higher CO2 levels promote plant growth and weight accumulation, yet change their internal nutritional value. Statistics show that the plants exhibit significantly increased concentrations of sugars and carbohydrates (碳水化合物), while demonstrating marked declines in essential minerals and certain antioxidant compounds. These changes are only exacerbated by increases in temperature. The interaction between CO2 and heat stress intensifies the decline in nutritional quality, with different crops responding uniquely. This shift contributes to the growing concern of “unseen hunger,” in which calorie sufficiency masks micronutrient shortage. While food can provide enough calories, it may lead to lack of key nutrients, which, over time, could weaken immune function and increase risks of obesity (肥胖) and type 2 diabetes — especially in regions that rely heavily on only a few staple crops. Although the study employs a climate model based on UK projections, the significance is global. Food systems everywhere face challenges from shifting weather and extreme heat, with tropical regions additionally coping with drought and pests. Therefore, cooperation across agriculture, nutrition and policy is vital. As Ms Ekele says, “Food is more than just calories; it’s a foundation for human development and climate adaptation.” 1．What does Jiata Ugwah Ekele’s research focus on’? A．The impact of climate change on plants growth. B．The effect of higher CO2 and heat on crop nutrition. C．The link between climate change and crop size. D．The ways to increase the nutritional quality of crops. 2．The underlined word “exacerbated” in paragraph 3 means “________”. A．Worsened. B．Relieved. C．Balanced. D．Lessened. 3．What can be inferred about “unseen hunger” from the passage? A．It is most common in agricultural regions. B．It is caused by insufficient calories intake. C．Its effects can be observed in a short term. D．It does not lead to immediate weight loss. 4．Why is the study of Jiata Ugwah Ekele globally significant? A．The UK’s future climate is a global model. B．The methods used are widely applicable. C．The problem it reveals could be widespread. D．Crops worldwide show identical responses. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Jiata Ugwah Ekele的研究，探讨升高的二氧化碳和温度如何影响作物营养，及其对植物生长和人类健康的潜在危害。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The research by Jiata Ugwah Ekele, a PhD student at Liverpool John Moores University, UK, specifically explores how rising CO2 and temperature interact to affect nutrient formation and storage, suggesting that the ongoing effects of climate change are set to have destructive and enduring consequences for plant growth and human health.(英国利物浦约翰摩尔斯大学的博士生Jiata Ugwah Ekele的这项研究专门探讨了不断升高的二氧化碳和温度如何相互作用影响营养物质的形成和储存，并表明气候变化的持续影响将对植物生长和人类健康产生破坏性和持久性的后果)”可知，Jiata Ugwah Ekele的研究重点是升高的二氧化碳和热量对作物营养的影响。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Statistics show that the plants exhibit significantly increased concentrations of sugars and carbohydrates (碳水化合物), while demonstrating marked declines in essential minerals and certain antioxidant compounds. These changes are only exacerbated by increases in temperature. The interaction between CO2 and heat stress intensifies the decline in nutritional quality, with different crops responding uniquely.(统计数据显示，这些植物的糖和碳水化合物浓度显著增加，而必需矿物质和某些抗氧化化合物则显著下降。温度的升高只会使这些变化更加exacerbated。二氧化碳和热胁迫之间的相互作用加剧了营养质量的下降，不同作物的反应各不相同)”可知，前文提到作物营养已出现不良变化，后文又说二氧化碳和高温的相互作用“加剧”了营养质量的下降，由此可猜测exacerbated意为“恶化，加剧”，与intensifies意思相近。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This shift contributes to the growing concern of “unseen hunger,” in which calorie sufficiency masks micronutrient shortage. While food can provide enough calories, it may lead to lack of key nutrients, which, over time, could weaken immune function and increase risks of obesity (肥胖) and type 2 diabetes — especially in regions that rely heavily on only a few staple crops.(这种转变加剧了人们对“隐性饥饿”的担忧，即热量充足掩盖了微量营养素的短缺。虽然食物可以提供足够的热量，但它可能导致关键营养素的缺乏，久而久之，这可能会削弱免疫功能，并增加肥胖和2型糖尿病的风险——尤其是在严重依赖少数几种主食的地区)”可知，“隐性饥饿”中食物能提供足够热量，只是缺乏微量营养素，因此不会导致即时的体重下降。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Although the study employs a climate model based on UK projections, the significance is global. Food systems everywhere face challenges from shifting weather and extreme heat, with tropical regions additionally coping with drought and pests.(尽管这项研究采用了基于英国预测的气候模型，但其意义是全球性的。世界各地的粮食系统都面临着天气变化和极端高温的挑战，热带地区还额外面临着干旱和害虫的困扰)”可知，Jiata Ugwah Ekele的研究具有全球意义，是因为它揭示的问题可能会在全球范围内普遍存在。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·四川·期末）According to a 2024 report from ocean conservancy organization Oceana, Amazon produced 208 million pounds of plastic packaging (包装材料) waste from U.S. deals in 2022. Despite a global drop in plastic waste, the number for U.S. shipping saw a 9.6 percent increase. “This amount of plastic, in the form of air pillows, would circle the Earth more than 200 times,” the organization says. Amazon, for what it’s worth, does provide guidelines around the topic. U.S. customers whose orders are achieved by Amazon can click on any order in the Amazon app and scroll down to the bottom to view recycling instructions. Customers can also ask Alexa or Siri “How do I recycle my Amazon packaging?” and both will direct them to Amazon’s guidelines. But David Pinsky, a senior plastics campaigner at Greenpeace, doesn’t think this information is very useful. “While it is helpful to provide information, Amazon is continuing to place the load on customers to manage its huge packaging footprint. As U.S. and global recycling markets crash, the truth is that very few plastics are still recyclable and, even if they are collected for recycling, most are not recycled. It’s time for Amazon to throw away all single-use packaging and switch to reuse and refill systems,” Pinsky, who works to make large companies reduce their single-plastic use, wrote in an email. Large corporations like Amazon need to take responsibility by ending throwaway packaging and switching to reuse and refill systems, Pinsky explained. In a December 2022 blog post, Amazon admitted this difference: “Although the plastic packaging Amazon uses today is recyclable, it generally requires our customers to take the materials from their homes to store drop-off locations. As a company that centers our customers, we recognize it’s not the easiest customer experience.” 1．How does the author start the text? A．By making a comparison. B．By listing some key data. C．By presenting a viewpoint. D．By quoting a famed saying. 2．What can we find in the Amazon app according to the text? A．Remarks from green campaigners. B．Suggestions of making proper orders. C．Instructions about recycling plastics. D．Guidelines of reducing buyers’ burden. 3．Which of the following may David Pinsky agree with? A．Amazon apps are of no use to shoppers. B．Amazon provides valuable information. C．Amazon is a dependable shopping company. D．Amazon needs to adjust packaging strategy. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Ways for Amazon to Recycle B．Responsibility for Amazon to Take C．Directions of Using Amazon App D．The Reality of Amazon Recycling 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了亚马逊公司在塑料包装废弃物方面的问题，包括其产生的废弃物数量、回收指南的局限性以及环保人士对其包装策略的批评和建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“According to a 2024 report from ocean conservancy organization Oceana, Amazon produced 208 million pounds of plastic packaging (包装材料) waste from U.S. deals in 2022. Despite a global drop in plastic waste, the number for U.S. shipping saw a 9.6 percent increase.(根据海洋保护组织Oceana 2024年的一份报告，亚马逊2022年在美国的交易中产生了2.08亿磅塑料包装废弃物。尽管全球塑料垃圾数量有所下降，但美国的运输垃圾数量却增长了9.6%)”可知，作者开篇引用了具体年份、具体重量和百分比增幅等关键数据，以此引出话题。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“U.S. customers whose orders are achieved by Amazon can click on any order in the Amazon app and scroll down to the bottom to view recycling instructions.(美国客户在亚马逊下的订单，可以在亚马逊应用程序中点击任何订单，然后向下滚动到底部查看回收说明)”可知，在亚马逊应用程序中可以找到关于塑料回收的说明。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“It’s time for Amazon to throw away all single-use packaging and switch to reuse and refill systems(现在是时候让亚马逊扔掉所有一次性包装，转而使用可重复使用和可再填充的系统了)”以及第四段“Large corporations like Amazon need to take responsibility by ending throwaway packaging and switching to reuse and refill systems, Pinsky explained.(Pinsky解释说，像亚马逊这样的大公司需要承担起责任，停止使用一次性包装，转而使用可重复使用和可再填充的系统)”可知，David Pinsky认为亚马逊需要调整其包装策略。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“According to a 2024 report from ocean conservancy organization Oceana, Amazon produced 208 million pounds of plastic packaging (包装材料) waste from U.S. deals in 2022.(根据海洋保护组织Oceana 2024年的一份报告，亚马逊2022年来自美国交易的塑料包装废物达2.08亿磅)”揭示亚马逊塑料包装废弃物问题；第二段呈现亚马逊提供的回收指引；第三段引用环保人士观点“While it is helpful to provide information, Amazon is continuing to place the load on customers to manage its huge packaging footprint.(虽然提供信息是有帮助的，但亚马逊仍在将管理其巨大包装足迹的负担转嫁给顾客)”；第四段呼吁企业“ending throwaway packaging and switching to reuse and refill systems(结束一次性包装，转向重复使用和补充装系统)”；第五段引用亚马逊博文承认“Although the plastic packaging Amazon uses today is recyclable, it generally requires our customers to take the materials from their homes to store drop-off locations. As a company that centers our customers, we recognize it’s not the easiest customer experience.(尽管亚马逊现在使用的塑料包装是可回收的，但这通常需要我们的顾客将材料从家中带到商店的回收投放点。作为一家以顾客为中心的公司，我们认识到这并不是最简便的客户体验)”可知，全文围绕“亚马逊塑料包装回收”这一现实议题，既呈现其现有做法，也暴露其局限与矛盾。D选项“The Reality of Amazon Recycling(亚马逊回收的现实)”能够概括文章围绕回收现状、措施与困境展开的完整内容，是本文的最佳标题。故选D项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·江苏南京·期末）Plastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. Each year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in oceans, forests and landfills, harming wildlife and ecosystems. In recent years, biodegradable plastics have been promoted as a promising solution to this crisis. Biodegradable plastics are designed to break down naturally into harmless substances, such as water and carbon dioxide, with the help of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Unlike traditional plastics, which can take hundreds of years to decompose (分解), some biodegradable plastics can break down in just a few months under the right conditions. However, the reality is more complicated than it seems. Most biodegradable plastics require specific environmental conditions to decompose — high temperatures, sufficient moisture and the presence of certain microorganisms. For example, some biodegradable plastics can only break down in industrial composting facilities, not in the ocean or ordinary landfills. If they end up in the wrong environment, they can persist for just as long as traditional plastics. Besides, the production of biodegradable plastics has its own environmental costs. Many of these plastics are made from crops like corn and sugarcane, which require large amounts of land, water and fertilizers. This can lead to deforestation and soil degradation, especially in developing countries where agricultural land is limited. And there is also a risk of “greenwashing” — companies using the label “biodegradable” to make their products seem more environmentally friendly, even if the plastics do not meet strict standards. This confuses consumers and may lead them to use more plastic, thinking it is harmless. So, are biodegradable plastics a perfect solution? I think we’ve already had the answer. They can play a role in reducing plastic pollution, but only if they are used correctly, disposed of properly, and combined with other measures such as reducing plastic use, reusing products and recycling. 1．What is the key characteristic of biodegradable plastics? A．They are produced entirely from agricultural waste. B．They can decompose quickly in any natural environment. C．They are always cheaper and more durable than traditional plastics. D．They are intended to decompose naturally into harmless substances. 2．Why can’t biodegradable plastics break down in ordinary landfills? A．They are mixed with traditional plastics. B．There is no space for them to break down. C．They lack the necessary environmental conditions. D．They produce harmful gases that stop decomposition. 3．In Paragraph 3, what does “greenwashing” refer to? A．Planting trees to offset plastic pollution B．Recycling plastic waste into green products C．Making false environmental claims for profit D．Using green materials to make plastic products 4．What is the writer’s attitude towards biodegradable plastics as a solution? A．Favourable. B．Objective. C．Unconcerned. D．Opposed. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可生物降解塑料的特点、实际应用中的局限性、相关环境成本及“漂绿”现象，并客观分析了其在解决塑料污染问题中的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Biodegradable plastics are designed to break down naturally into harmless substances, such as water and carbon dioxide, with the help of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.(可生物降解塑料被设计成在细菌和真菌等微生物的帮助下，自然分解成水和二氧化碳等无害物质。)”可知，可生物降解塑料的关键特点是旨在自然分解成无害物质。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Most biodegradable plastics require specific environmental conditions to decompose — high temperatures, sufficient moisture and the presence of certain microorganisms. For example, some biodegradable plastics can only break down in industrial composting facilities, not in the ocean or ordinary landfills.(大多数可生物降解塑料需要特定的环境条件才能分解——高温、充足的水分和某些微生物的存在。例如，一些可生物降解塑料只能在工业堆肥设施中分解，而不能在海洋或普通垃圾填埋场中分解。)”可知，可生物降解塑料在普通垃圾填埋场无法分解是因为缺乏必要的环境条件。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“And there is also a risk of ‘greenwashing’ — companies using the label ‘biodegradable’ to make their products seem more environmentally friendly, even if the plastics do not meet strict standards. This confuses consumers and may lead them to use more plastic, thinking it is harmless.(还有‘greenwashing’的风险——公司使用‘可生物降解’标签让产品看起来更环保，即使这些塑料不符合严格的标准。这会迷惑消费者，可能导致他们认为塑料无害而使用更多。)”可知，“greenwashing”指的是为了盈利而做出虚假的环保声明。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They can play a role in reducing plastic pollution, but only if they are used correctly, disposed of properly, and combined with other measures such as reducing plastic use, reusing products and recycling.(它们可以在减少塑料污染方面发挥作用，但前提是正确使用、妥善处理，并与减少塑料使用、重复利用产品和回收等其他措施相结合。)”可知，作者既指出了可生物降解塑料的作用，也强调了其局限性和使用条件，态度是客观的。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·陕西商洛·期末）More than 3 million square kilometers of the Asian elephant’s historic habitat range has been lost in just three centuries, a new report from an international scientific team led by a researcher at University of California San Diego reveals. This dramatic decline may underlie present-day conflicts between elephants and people, the authors argue. Developing new insights from a unique data set that models land-use change over three centuries, the research team led by Shermin de Silva found that habitats suitable for Asian elephants have been cut by nearly two-thirds within the past 300 years. The largest living land animal in Asia, endangered Asian elephants inhabited grasslands and rainforest ecosystems that once crossed the continent. Analyzing land-use data from the years 850 to 2015, the researchers describe in the journal Scientific Reports a troubling situation in which they estimate that more than 64% of historic suitable elephant habitat across Asia has been lost. While elephant habitats remained relatively stable prior to the 1700s, land-use practices in Asia, including forest decrease, farming and agriculture, cut the average habitat size more than 80%, from 99,000 to 16,000 square kilometers. The study also suggests that the remaining elephant populations today may not have enough habitat areas. While 100% of the area within 100 kilometers of the current elephant range was considered suitable habitat in 1700, the proportion (比例) has since declined to less than 50% by 2015. This sets up a high potential for conflicts with people living in those areas as elephant populations change their behavior and adjust to more human-dominated spaces. “In the 1600s and 1700s there is evidence of a dramatic change in land use, not just in Asia, but globally,” said de Silva, an assistant professor in the School of Biological Sciences’ Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, and founder of the nonprofit Trunks & Leaves. “Around the world we see a really dramatic transformation that has serious consequences that last even to this day. “ 1．What did the new report focus on? A．Changes of the living habitats for Asian elephants. B．The number of conflicts between elephants and people. C．The measures taken for agricultural models of land-use. D．Ways to deal with conflicts between man and animals. 2．What’s the main cause of elephant habitat loss? A．The increase of elephant population. B．People’s living styles in the past 300 years. C．Endangered elephants’ bad health conditions. D．Human activities in elephants’ ecosystems. 3．What’s de Silva’s attitude towards the environment? A．Positive. B．Tolerant. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Conflicts between elephants and humans. B．Loss of Asian elephants’ habitat range. C．Human activities’ influence on Asian elephants. D．Necessary change for elephant populations. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究显示，300年来亚洲象历史栖息地丧失超300万平方公里，约64%适宜栖息地消失，主要因森林减少、农业开发等人类活动，导致栖息地大幅缩小，并引发人象冲突。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“More than 3 million square kilometers of the Asian elephant’s historic habitat range has been lost in just three centuries, a new report from an international scientific team led by a researcher at University of California San Diego reveals. (由加州大学圣地亚哥分校的一名研究人员领导的一个国际科学小组的一份新报告显示，在短短三个世纪内，亚洲象的历史栖息地范围已经消失了300多万平方公里。)”可知，这份新报告关注的是亚洲象历史栖息地的变化。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“While elephant habitats remained relatively stable prior to the 1700s, land-use practices in Asia, including forest decrease, farming and agriculture, cut the average habitat size more than 80%, from 99,000 to 16,000 square kilometers. (虽然在2世纪之前，大象的栖息地保持相对稳定，但亚洲的土地使用做法，包括森林减少、农业和农业，使平均栖息地面积减少了80%以上，从99000平方公里减少到16000平方公里。)”可推知，大象生态系统中的人类活动是导致大象栖息地丧失的主要原因。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中de Silva所说的话“In the 1600s and 1700s there is evidence of a dramatic change in land use, not just in Asia, but globally (在17世纪和18世纪，有证据表明土地使用发生了巨大变化，不仅在亚洲，而且在全球范围内)”以及“Around the world we see a really dramatic transformation that has serious consequences that last even to this day. (在世界各地，我们看到了一场真正巨大的变化，其严重后果甚至持续到今天。)”可推知，de Silva对环境问题非常担忧。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“More than 3 million square kilometers of the Asian elephant’s historic habitat range has been lost in just three centuries, a new report from an international scientific team led by a researcher at University of California San Diego reveals. This dramatic decline may underlie present-day conflicts between elephants and people, the authors argue. (由加州大学圣地亚哥分校的一名研究人员领导的一个国际科学小组的一份新报告显示，在短短三个世纪内，亚洲象的历史栖息地范围已经消失了300多万平方公里。作者认为，这种急剧下降可能是当今大象和人类之间冲突的根源。)”可知，文章主要讲述了亚洲象历史栖息地的丧失情况。故选B。 Passage 5 （25-26高二上·浙江衢州·期末）You may have heard the word “composting,” but what does it mean? Composting is similar to recycling — it’s disposing of organic food waste in a way that allows it to break down naturally instead of being buried in landfills. When you compost food wastes, they can be processed into nutrient-rich soil. It’s a planet-friendly cycle. 1 . Research your town’s rules Some large cities in the US — such as New York, San Francisco, and Seattle — have made it a legal requirement to compost, providing special bins where people can put their food waste. 2 . To find out more, search online for your town name, state, and the word “composting”. 3 “Green” waste such as fruits, vegetables, eggshells, and coffee grounds and “brown” waste like leaves, twigs, cardboard, and used paper plates are commonly accepted for composting. With an adult’s help, check the rules for composting near you. Pick a spot to compost 4 . You can keep it simple by using a mixing bowl where you can throw kitchen leftovers as you prepare meals. Be sure to cover the bowl with a plate to reduce odors and avoid attracting fruit flies. You can also buy a countertop compost container. Make it part of a routine To prevent your food waste container from overflowing, your family will naturally need to take it to the local drop-off site frequently. A weekly trip can easily become part of your routine. Choose a specific day for this task. This simple habit keeps your kitchen tidy. 5 . A．Learn what to compost B．Choose a suitable method C．You can participate by following a few easy steps D．Other towns may have a drop-off spot for compost E．More importantly, it also helps the environment significantly F．Always separate meat and dairy products from compostable items G．Decide what kind of container to use for compost and where you’ll store it 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．G 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了进行堆肥的几个简单步骤，包括了解当地规则、明确堆肥物、选位置、养成堆肥习惯等，倡导环保的垃圾处理方式。 1．根据下文依次介绍的“Research your town’s rules(研究你所在城镇的规则)”、“Learn what to compost(了解可以堆肥的物品)”、“Pick a spot to compost(选一个堆肥的地方)”和“Make it part of a routine(让堆肥成为日常的一部分)”这些堆肥的具体步骤可知，此空应是引出下文的堆肥步骤，C选项“You can participate by following a few easy steps(你可以通过遵循几个简单的步骤来参与其中)”中的a few easy steps指的是下文讲述的堆肥的具体步骤，符合语境。故选C项。 2．根据空前的“Some large cities in the US — such as New York, San Francisco, and Seattle — have made it a legal requirement to compost, providing special bins where people can put their food waste. (美国的一些大城市——如纽约、旧金山和西雅图——已经将堆肥定为法律要求，提供了专门的垃圾桶供人们放置食物垃圾。)”中的Some large cities可知，此空讲述的内容应是其他地区的堆肥相关情况，D选项“Other towns may have a drop-off spot for compost(其他城镇可能有专门的堆肥投放点)”中的Other towns与空前的Some large cities形成对应，且讲述的是其他城镇的堆肥设施，符合语境。故选D项。 3．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的小标题，与其他段落的小标题格式一致，应为祈使句，根据空后的““Green” waste such as fruits, vegetables, eggshells, and coffee grounds and “brown” waste like leaves, twigs, cardboard, and used paper plates are commonly accepted for composting.(水果、蔬菜、蛋壳、咖啡渣等“绿色”垃圾，以及树叶、小树枝、硬纸板、用过的纸盘等“棕色”垃圾通常都是可以堆肥的。)”可知，本段讲述的内容是哪些物品可以进行堆肥，A选项“Learn what to compost(了解可以堆肥的物品)”为祈使句，且能概括本段的主题，适合作本段小标题。故选A项。 4．根据本段小标题“Pick a spot to compost(选一个堆肥的地方)”及空后的“You can keep it simple by using a mixing bowl where you can throw kitchen leftovers as you prepare meals. Be sure to cover the bowl with a plate to reduce odors and avoid attracting fruit flies. You can also buy a countertop compost container.(你可以简单点，用一个搅拌碗，做饭时把厨房剩菜扔进去。一定要用盘子盖住碗，以减少异味，避免吸引果蝇。你也可以买一个台面堆肥容器。)”可知，本段除了选堆肥的位置，还讲述了使用什么容器进行堆肥，G选项“Decide what kind of container to use for compost and where you’ll store it(决定用什么容器堆肥以及把容器放在哪里)”既提到了堆肥容器，又提到了存放位置，与本段内容契合，符合语境。故选G项。 5．根据本段小标题“Make it part of a routine (让堆肥成为日常习惯)”以及前文 “To prevent your food waste container from overflowing, your family will naturally need to take it to the local drop-off site frequently. A weekly trip can easily become part of your routine. Choose a specific day for this task. This simple habit keeps your kitchen tidy. (为了防止食物垃圾容器装得太满，你的家人自然需要经常将其送到当地的投放点。每周一次的投放很容易就能成为你的日常习惯。为这项任务选定一个固定的日子。这个简单的习惯能让你的厨房保持整洁。)”可知，本段核心是让堆肥成为日常习惯，前文说明该习惯能让厨房保持整洁，此空应进一步说明该习惯的另一重重要意义，即对环境的巨大帮助，E选项“More importantly, it also helps the environment significantly (更重要的是，它还能极大地帮助改善环境)”中的it指代前文让堆肥成为日常习惯的做法，通过More importantly递进，承接前文的厨房整洁的益处，且呼应首段堆肥的环保特点，符合语境。故选 E 项。 Passage 6 （25-26高二上·广东揭阳·期末）How to Build “Zero-waste Cities” To carry out the 2026 Action Plan for Comprehensive Solid Waste Management, building “zero-waste cities” has become a key task, and cracking down on illegal waste dumping (倾倒) is another important task. The plan aims to reach 4.5 billion tons of bulk solid waste utilization and 510 million tons of renewable resource recycling by 2030. 1 Strengthen Public Participation, raising people’s awareness is the basic step. 2 For example, schools can hold waste-sorting lectures, and communities can organize recycling activities. When everyone realizes the importance, they will take active action to reduce waste in daily life. Optimize Waste Recycling Systems, a sound recycling system is necessary for “zero-waste cities”. 3 It also means building more recycling stations in neighborhoods to make waste recycling convenient. A smooth system helps turn waste into valuable resources efficiently. Promote Green Production and Consumption, this measure focuses on the source of waste reduction. 4 Meanwhile, consumers should choose products with less packaging and reuse recyclable items as much as possible. Green lifestyle can cut down waste from the very beginning. 5 This measure is as important as the three methods mentioned above in building zero-waste cities. With joint efforts from all sides, we will surely build more eco-friendly “zero-waste cities” and achieve the environmental goals set in the plan. A．This includes making strict rules for waste classification and treatment. B．The government should guide factories to produce with fewer raw materials. C．Illegal waste dumping is a big problem that needs strict punishment worldwide. D．Many cities have already started to get involved in the field of waste management. E．It is important to let people know how to sort waste and why waste reduction matters. F．Taking strict measures to crack down on illegal waste dumping is also a critical method. G．It is a long-term project that needs the support of the public, government and enterprises. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．A 4．B 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文指出建设“无废城市”是长期工程，需多方支持，具体可通过加强公众参与、优化回收体系、推广绿色产销及严打非法倾废来实现。 1．上文“To carry out the 201 Action Plan for Comprehensive Solid Waste Management, building “zero-waste cities” has become a key task, and cracking down on illegal waste dumping (倾倒) is another important task. The plan aims to reach 4.5 billion tons of bulk solid waste utilization and 510 million tons of renewable resource recycling by 2030.(为了实施 201年综合固体废物管理行动计划，建设“无废城市”已成为一项关键任务，而打击非法垃圾倾倒则是另一项重要任务。该计划旨在到 2030 年实现 45 亿吨大宗固体废物的利用和 5.1 亿吨可再生资源的回收利用。)”提出建设“无废城市”和打击非法倾倒垃圾是核心任务，并明确了 2030 年的资源利用目标；空格后分三点介绍了具体实施措施（公众参与、回收体系、绿色产销）。此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，选项G“It is a long-term project that needs the support of the public, government and enterprises.(这是一个需要公众、政府和企业共同支持的长期项目。)”中的It指代“建设无废城市”，a long-term project 呼应前文的目标规划，needs the support of the public, government and enterprises 则总领后文的三大主体措施，完美衔接上下文。故选G项。 2．上文“Strengthen Public Participation, raising people’s awareness is the basic step.(加强公众参与，提高人们的意识是基础步骤。)”本段主旨是“加强公众参与，提高环保意识”，下文“For example, schools can hold waste-sorting lectures, and communities can organize recycling activities.(例如，学校可以举办垃圾分类讲座，社区可以组织回收活动。)”用For example列举了学校讲座、社区回收活动等具体做法。空格处需要点明“提高公众意识”的具体内容，选项E“It is important to let people know how to sort waste and why waste reduction matters.(让人们了解如何分类垃圾以及减废的重要性。)”既是对前文“提高意识”的解释，又为后文的举例提供了方向，逻辑连贯。故选E项。 3．上文“Optimize Waste Recycling Systems, a sound recycling system is necessary for “zero-waste cities”.(优化垃圾回收系统，完善的回收系统是“零废城市”所必需的。)”本段主旨是“优化垃圾回收体系”，下文“It also means building more recycling stations in neighborhoods to make waste recycling convenient.(这还意味着在社区建设更多的回收站，以使垃圾回收变得方便。)”用 It also means 补充了“在社区建更多回收站”的具体措施。选项A“This includes making strict rules for waste classification and treatment.(这包括制定严格的垃圾分类和处理规则。)”中This 指代“完善回收体系”且与后文的“建设回收站”构成并列关系（includes...also means...），共同说明如何优化回收体系。故选A项。 4．上文“Promote Green Production and Consumption, this measure focuses on the source of waste reduction.(促进绿色生产和消费，这一措施侧重于减少垃圾的源头。)”本段主旨是“推广绿色生产和消费”，强调从源头减废；下文“Meanwhile, consumers should choose products with less packaging and reuse recyclable items as much as possible.(同时，消费者应该选择包装较少的产品，并尽可能多地重复使用可回收物品。)”用Meanwhile引出消费者的做法，选择少包装产品、重复利用可回收物。Meanwhile 提示前后是“生产端”和“消费端” 的并列，选项B“The government should guide factories to produce with fewer raw materials.(政府应当引导工厂采用更少原材料的生产方式。)”属于生产端的绿色措施，与后文的消费端做法形成对应。故选B项。 5．下文“This measure is as important as the three methods mentioned above in building zero-waste cities.(这一措施与上述提到的三种方法在建设零废弃物城市方面同等重要。)”提到“这项措施和前文三种方法同等重要”，且文章首句就将“建设无废城市”和“打击非法垃圾倾倒”并列为两大核心任务。前文已介绍了三种措施，此处需要补充首句提到的另一项核心任务，选项F“Taking strict measures to crack down on illegal waste dumping is also a critical method.(采取严厉措施打击非法倾倒垃圾也是关键方法。)”恰好呼应开头，且also a critical method 与后文的表述完全匹配。故选F项。 Passage 7 （25-26高二上·河北·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The restoration of polar ecosystems, a task far more challenging than 1 (predict) by early environmentalists, has emerged as a global priority in recent decades. Unlike conventional conservation projects, 2 focus on single species protection, this initiative aims to rebuild entire food webs, a goal that demands 3 (cooperate) across scientific disciplines and national borders. The Arctic fox, one of the region’s most vulnerable species, 4 (push) to the brink of local extinction due to habitat loss and climate change, but recent efforts 5 (yield) promising results so far. What makes this project stand out is its emphasis on indigenous knowledge. Local communities, 6 (live) in harmony with polar regions for millennia, possess insights that modern science alone cannot provide. For instance, their traditional methods of tracking ice floe movements have helped researchers identify areas where reintroduction programs are 7 (likely) to succeed. Critics, however, warn that rapid intervention may disrupt natural processes, 8 (argue) that ecosystems should be left to recover on their own. 9 debates continue to rage, one thing is certain: the fate of polar ecosystems is intertwined with human actions. Only by combining scientific innovation with traditional wisdom 10 we ensure the survival of these unique landscapes for future generations. 【答案】 1．predicted 2．which 3．cooperation 4．has been pushed 5．have yielded 6．having lived 7．most likely 8．arguing 9．While/Though/Although 10．can 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了极地生态系统的修复，并重点阐述了这一全球性议题的复杂性、创新方法及核心矛盾。 1．考查过去分词。句意：几十年来，极地生态系统的修复——这一任务远比早期环保主义者预测的更为艰巨——已成为全球优先事项。此处为“more challenging than+过去分词”结构，相当于“more challenging than it was predicted by early environmentalists”，predict 与逻辑主语a task之间是被动关系，故用过去分词predicted。故填predicted。 2．考查定语从句。句意：与只关注单一物种保护的传统保育项目不同，这项倡议旨在重建完整的食物网，这一目标要求跨学科与跨国界的协作。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为conventional conservation projects，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导。故填which。 3．考查名词。句意：同上。此处在句中作宾语，故应用名词“cooperation协作”。故填cooperation。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：北极狐作为该地区最脆弱的物种之一，因栖息地丧失和气候变化已被推向区域性灭绝的边缘，但迄今为止，近期的努力已取得了令人鼓舞的成果。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为Arctic fox，为单数，与push之间为被动关系，且根据“due to habitat loss and climate change”可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。故填has been pushed。 5．考查动词时态。句意：同上。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为efforts，为复数，与yield之间为主动关系，且根据时间状语so for可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填have yielded。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：当地社区已与极地地区和谐共处数千年，他们掌握的认知是现代科学无法独立提供的。此处为非谓语动词作状语，local communities与live之间是主动关系，且live这个动作的动作发生在possess之前，故用现在分词的完成式having lived。故填having lived。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：例如，他们追踪浮冰运动的传统方法帮助研究人员确定了重新引入项目最有可能成功的区域。此处表示“最有可能”，应用副词最高级most likely修饰 to succeed。故填most likely。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，批评者警告，快速干预可能会破坏自然进程，认为生态系统应任其自行恢复。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，critics与argue之间是主动关系，故用现在分词arguing。故填arguing。 9．考查连词。句意：尽管争论仍在激烈进行，但有一点是肯定的：极地生态系统的命运与人类行为息息相关。此处表示让步关系，意为“尽管”，所以此处使用while/though/although引导让步状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填While/Though/Although。 10．考查情态动词。句意：只有将科学创新与传统智慧相结合，我们才能为子孙后代确保这些独特生态景观的存续。此处为“only + 介词短语”置于句首，句子用部分倒装，结合句意 “只有通过将科学创新与传统智慧相结合，我们才能确保这些独特的景观为后代所存活”，故此处应用情态动词can。故填can。 Passage 8 （25-26高二上·福建泉州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the deep winter of Northeast China, with all creatures 1 (fall) into a deep sleep, the signal of next spring has already appeared on the vast fishing ground of Chagan Lake, or “ChaganNur” in Mongolian, 2 means “Holy Lake”. Chagan Lake, as one of the seven major freshwater lakes in China and also the largest inland lake in Jilin Province, 3 (locate) in Qianguo County, northeast of Jilin Province. The Chagan Lake area has 4 extremely long history of fishing and hunting. In 1211, Genghis Khan offered sacrifice to Chagan Lake, and it is the origin of sacrificial ceremony. Afterward, the ritual (仪式) of offering sacrifices 5 awakening the net before winter fishing gradually 6 (become) fixed, and the custom of Chagan Lake winter fishing appeared over time, which has been listed as a national intangible (非物质) cultural heritage. Nowadays, the 7 (impress) scene of winter fishing attracts numerous tourists from home and abroad coming to Chagan Lake every year. 8 (achieve) sustainable development, the local fishing industry changed the small net with small holes into a large r-t with wide holes, and 9 (scientific) cast seedlings (幼苗) as planned to follow sustainable farming methods. Also, the local fishermen have been following the traditional fishing methods, trying to avoid water pollution caused by modern 10 (facility). Therefore, Chagan Lake’s fishery products are exceptional in quality and well-received by consumers. 【答案】 1．falling 2．which 3．is located 4．an 5．and 6．became 7．impressive 8．To achieve 9．scientifically 10．facilities 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于吉林省前郭县的查干湖的渔猎历史，其冬捕前的祭湖醒网仪式由来及冬捕习俗被列入国家级非物质文化遗产的情况，还介绍了当地为实现渔业可持续发展，以及渔民坚守传统捕鱼方式避免水污染，让查干湖水产品质优良的现状。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国东北的隆冬时节，万物都陷入沉睡，而在广袤的查干湖渔场，来年春天的讯号已然出现，查干湖在蒙古语中意为“圣湖”。分析句子结构可知，此处为with的复合结构，宾语all creatures与fall之间是主动关系，需用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填falling。 2．考查定语从句。句意：中国东北的隆冬时节，万物都陷入沉睡，而在广袤的查干湖渔场，来年春天的讯号已然出现，查干湖在蒙古语中意为“圣湖”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chagan Lake，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：查干湖是中国七大淡水湖之一，也是吉林省最大的内陆湖，坐落于吉林省东北部的前郭县。be located in是固定短语，意为“坐落于……”，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Chagan Lake为单数，be动词用is。故填is located。 4．考查冠词。句意：查干湖地区有着极其悠久的渔猎历史。history此处为可数名词，表泛指“一段历史”，且extremely以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 5．考查连词。句意：此后，冬捕前祭奠和拉网的仪式逐渐固定下来，查干湖冬捕的习俗也随之形成，这一习俗被列入了国家级非物质文化遗产。此处连接并列成分offering sacrifices和awakening the net，共同作ritual的定语，需用并列连词and。故填and。 6．考查动词时态。句意：此后，冬捕前祭湖醒网的仪式逐渐固定下来，查干湖冬捕的习俗也随之形成，这一习俗被列入了国家级非物质文化遗产。根据前文的时间背景和“gradually”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，become的过去式为became。故填became。 7．考查形容词。句意：如今，令人印象深刻的冬捕景象每年都吸引着无数海内外游客来到查干湖。此处修饰名词scene，需用impress的形容词形式impressive表示“令人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了实现可持续发展，当地渔业将小眼小网换成了大眼大网，并按计划科学投放鱼苗，遵循可持续的养殖方式。分析句子结构可知，空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式，句首单词，首字母大写。故填To achieve。 9．考查副词。句意：为了实现可持续发展，当地渔业将小眼小网换成了大眼大网，并按计划科学投放鱼苗，遵循可持续的养殖方式。此处修饰动词cast，需用scientific的副词形式scientifically表示“科学地”。故填scientifically。 10．考查名词复数。句意：此外，当地渔民一直沿用传统的捕鱼方式，努力避免现代设施造成的水污染。facility为可数名词，此处表泛指“各类现代设施”，需用复数形式facilities。故填facilities。 Passage 9 （25-26高二上·江西吉安·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The world was sad because of the news that Jane Goodall, a wildlife researcher and protector, passed away peacefully on a speaking tour on October 1, 2025, at the age of 91. By the time Goodall passed away in 2025, she 1 (live) near chimpanzee groups since she started her research at Tanzania’s Gombe Stream National Park in 1960, 2 (record) their daily behaviors. She made a key discovery and was the first person 3 (observe) chimpanzees making tools, a skill once 4 (believe) to be unique to humans. Her groundbreaking 65-year study changed our understanding of the animal kingdom. Goodall was far more than 5 observer; she was a tireless advocate. Her later decades saw her great efforts to protect the environment when she worked 6 a UN Messenger of Peace. Through her global youth program, millions of young people in over 65 countries became powerful and 7 (energy) supporters of community projects. Her 8 (associate) with China was especially strong. The Roots and Shoots offices were established in Beijing and Shanghai in 1999, 9 left a huge impact on Chinese environmental protectors. Goodall’s life demonstrates that one’s passion can inspire future generations to build a better world. Her great influence will 10 (definite) continue to guide us in protecting all living beings on our planet. 【答案】 1．had lived /had been living 2．recording 3．to observe 4．believed 5．an 6．as 7．energetic 8．association 9．which 10．definitely 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名野生动物研究者和保护者珍・古道尔的生平事迹、她对黑猩猩研究的重大贡献、在环保事业中的不懈努力，以及她与中国的深厚渊源和深远影响。 1．考查动词时态。句意：到2025年古道尔去世时，自1960年她在坦桑尼亚的贡贝溪国家公园开始研究以来，她一直生活在黑猩猩群体附近，记录它们的日常行为。根据时间状语“By the time Goodall passed away in 2025”和“since she started her research” 可知，动作从过去开始一直持续到过去的另一个时间，需用过去完成时或过去完成进行时。故填had lived或had been living。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：到2025年古道尔去世时，自1960年她在坦桑尼亚的贡贝溪国家公园开始研究以来，她一直生活在黑猩猩群体附近，记录它们的日常行为。第1空所填词作谓语，故空处需填非谓语动词，句子主语she与record之间为主动关系，此处用现在分词，作伴随状语。故填recording。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：她有一个重大发现，是第一个观察到黑猩猩制造工具的人，这种技能曾被认为是人类独有的。“the first person to do sth.” 为固定用法，不定式作后置定语，修饰person。故填to observe。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：她有一个重大发现，是第一个观察到黑猩猩制造工具的人，这种技能曾被认为是人类独有的。名词skill与believe之间为被动关系，表示“技能被认为”，故用过去分词，作后置定语。故填believed。 5．考查不定冠词。句意：古道尔远不止是一位观察者；她是一位孜孜不倦的倡导者。observer为可数名词，且以元音音素开头，此处表示泛指 “一位观察者”，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 6．考查介词。句意：在她担任联合国和平使者期间，她在环境保护方面付出了巨大努力。“work as”为固定搭配，意为 “担任，作为”。故填as。 7．考查形容词。句意：通过她的全球青年项目，65多个国家的数百万年轻人成为了社区项目强有力且充满活力的支持者。此处与and前的powerful并列，修饰名词supporters，需用形容词energetic“充满活力的”。故填energetic。 8．考查名词。句意：她与中国的联系尤为紧密。形容词性物主代词Her后接名词，在句中作主语。 was提示用名词单数。故填association。 9．考查定语从句。句意：1999 年，“根与芽” 办公室在北京和上海成立，这对中国的环保人士产生了巨大影响。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个句子，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 10．考查副词。句意：她的巨大影响无疑将继续指引我们保护地球上所有的生物。此处修饰动词continue，需用副词definitely“毫无疑问地”，作状语。故填definitely。 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $