Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 逆境与勇气（话题阅读精练）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 Adversity and Courage逆境与勇气 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元主题是“逆境与勇气” 主题词汇积累 1. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/n. 困境；逆境 3. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/n. 勇气；胆量 4. perseverance /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/n. 毅力；不屈不挠 5. endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/n. 忍耐力；耐久力 6. resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/n. 决心；坚定信念 v. 决心；解决 7. hardship /ˈhɑːdʃɪp/n. 困苦；艰难 8. setback /ˈsetbæk/n. 挫折；阻碍 9. triumph /ˈtraɪʌmf/n. 胜利；成功 v. 战胜 10. overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/v. 克服；战胜 11. expedition /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/n. 探险；远征；探险队 12. voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/n./vi. 航海；航行 13. crew /kruː/n. 全体船员；团队 14. steward /ˈstjuːəd/n. 乘务员；服务员 15. navigator /ˈnævɪɡeɪtə(r)/n. 领航员 16. aboard /əˈbɔːd/adv./prep. 上（船 / 飞机） 17. sink /sɪŋk/v. 沉没；下沉（sank/sunk） 18. crush /krʌʃ/v. 毁坏；压坏 n. 拥挤人群 19. abandon /əˈbændən/v. 舍弃；抛弃 20. genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/adj. 真诚的；真正的 21. decent /ˈdiːsnt/adj. 正派的；得体的 22. miserable /ˈmɪzrəbl/adj. 痛苦的；难受的 23. cruel /ˈkruːəl/adj. 残酷的；残忍的 24. qualified /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/adj. 合格的；有资格的 25. bitter /ˈbɪtə(r)/adj. 严寒的；激烈的；味苦的 26. turn sb. down 拒绝（某人） 27. assign sb. sth. 分配；布置任务 28. in adversity 在逆境中 29. face courageously 勇敢面对 30. persevere in 坚持 时文拓展阅读 Last summer, a group of 15 high school students from Sichuan embarked on a challenging mountain expedition to climb Mount Gongga’s eastern slope. What began as a journey of adventure quickly turned into a test of courage and perseverance when they faced unexpected adversity. On the third day, a sudden snowstorm hit, bringing bitter cold and strong winds. Visibility dropped to nearly zero, and the path ahead was covered in thick ice. One student slipped and injured his ankle, making progress even harder. The group could have turned back, but their resolve held firm. They set up a temporary shelter, shared limited food and water, and took turns caring for the injured teammate. For three days, they battled freezing temperatures and exhaustion. Instead of giving in to fear, they encouraged each other, sang songs to lift spirits, and kept moving forward slowly but steadily. Their teacher, Mr. Li, later said, “What impressed me most was not their final success, but their courage to stand together in hardship.” On the sixth day, the storm cleared. The team reached the summit, cheering and hugging each other. This experience taught them that true courage is not the absence of fear, but acting bravely despite it. Adversity does not break people; it reveals their inner strength and unity. 【译文欣赏】 去年夏天，一群来自四川的 15 名高中生开启了一场充满挑战的山地远征，攀登贡嘎山东坡。这场原本的冒险之旅，很快变成了对勇气与毅力的考验 —— 他们遭遇了意想不到的逆境。 第三天，一场突如其来的暴风雪袭来，带来刺骨严寒与狂风。能见度几乎降为零，前方道路被厚冰覆盖。一名学生滑倒扭伤脚踝，让前行更加艰难。队伍本可以折返，但他们的决心毫不动摇。他们搭建临时避难所，分享有限的食物和水，轮流照顾受伤的队友。 整整三天，他们与严寒和疲惫抗争。没有向恐惧低头，反而互相鼓励、唱歌鼓舞士气，缓慢却坚定地继续前行。带队的李老师后来说：“最让我感动的不是他们最终的成功，而是他们在困境中并肩而立的勇气。” 第六天，风雪散去。队伍成功登顶，大家欢呼拥抱。这段经历让他们明白：真正的勇气并非没有恐惧，而是即便心怀恐惧依然勇敢前行。逆境不会击垮人，反而会彰显出内心的力量与团结。 【词汇积累】 1. 2. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/n. 勇气；胆量 3. perseverance /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/n. 毅力；坚持不懈 4. resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/n. 决心；坚定信念 v. 决心；解决 5. hardship /ˈhɑːdʃɪp/n. 困苦；艰难 6. overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/v. 克服；战胜 7. expedition /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/n. 探险；远征 8. summit /ˈsʌmɪt/n. 山顶；顶峰 9. bitter /ˈbɪtə(r)/adj. 严寒的；刺骨的 10. freezing /ˈfriːzɪŋ/adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 11. shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/n. 避难所；遮蔽处 12. visibility /ˌvɪzəˈbɪləti/n. 能见度 13. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/v. 使受伤；损害 14. exhaustion /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/n. 疲惫；精疲力竭 15. unity /ˈjuːnəti/n. 团结；联合 16. reveal /rɪˈviːl/v. 展现；揭示 17. impress /ɪmˈpres/v. 使印象深刻 18. turn back 折返；返回 19. give in to 屈服于 20. lift spirits 鼓舞士气 高考真题链接 （2023·浙江·高考真题）Explorers Camp •Full day camp for kids aged 5-13. •Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm. Week 1 | July 8-12 Week 2 | July 15-19 Week 3 | July 22-26 •Register for a single week or multiple weeks. •Fees: $365 per week. •The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. Camp Structure The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks. Camp Content Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn. Camp Staff Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check. 1．On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration with a full refund? A．June 12. B．June 22. C．July 19. D．July 26. 2．How are campers divided into different groups? A．By gender. B．By nationality. C．By interest. D．By age. 3．How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week? A．15. B．21. C．30. D．42. 句 1（不定式作定语 + 并列结构） 原句：The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund is June 15. 结构：① 主句：The last day is June 15 ② 不定式短语作后置定语：to cancel registration and receive a full refund 翻译：取消注册并获得全额退款的最后日期是 6 月 15 日。 句 2（被动语态 + 介词短语） 原句：The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. 结构：① 主句：The day is divided into two thematic sessions ② 介词短语作状语：per age group 翻译：一天按每个年龄段分为两个主题活动时段。 句 3（现在分词作定语） 原句：Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme. 结构：① 主句：Campers have a three-hour morning class ② 现在分词短语作后置定语：engaging with a morning theme 翻译：营员们上一节三小时的、围绕上午主题展开的课程。 句 4（定语从句 + 被动结构） 原句：All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn. 结构：① 主句：All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities ② 定语从句 1：that are tailored to… 修饰 activities ③ 定语从句 2：that kids learn 修饰 ways 翻译：所有营地课程都设置了适合年龄段的活动，这些活动根据孩子们的多种学习方式量身定制。 句 5（非谓语动词 + 定语结构） 原句：Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check. 结构：① 主句：Instructors are passionate educators ② 定语从句：who are experts… and have undergone… 修饰 educators 翻译：导师们都是充满热情的教育工作者，他们是各自领域的专家，并且接受过培训和背景审查。 1. explorer n. 探险家 2. camp n. 营地；夏令营 3. registration n. 注册；报名 4. register v. 注册 5. cancel v. 取消 6. refund n. 退款 7. session n. 一段时间；课程；活动 8. theme n. 主题 9. structure n. 结构；安排 10. content n. 内容 11. staff n. 工作人员 12. ratio n. 比例 13. instructor n. 指导老师；教练 14. expert n. 专家 15. training n. 训练 16. background n. 背景 17. thematic adj. 主题的 18. age-appropriate adj. 适合年龄段的 19. passionate adj. 热情的；热忱的 20. multiple adj. 多种的；多个的 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 本文介绍了面向 5–13 岁儿童的探险家夏令营，包括时间、费用、课程结构、活动内容及师资情况。 Passage2 阅读理解 作者讲述了因计划有变独自旅行，偶遇背包客并同行的经历，这次经历让她收获勇气、自信与珍贵友谊。 Passage3 阅读理解 文章报道了两名加拿大青少年完成 73 公里徒步挑战的故事，他们在挑战自我身心的同时还热心帮助他人。 Passage4 阅读理解 本文通过科学家 Darlington 勇敢探险、不惧危险坚持研究的事例，传达勇敢面对困难、直面挑战的精神。 Passage5 七选五 本文讲述了 Matthew Henson 从热爱航海到成为探险家，与 Peary 共同克服艰难、最终成功抵达北极的故事。 Passage6 七选五 本文介绍了荒野生存的几项关键技能：保持冷静、寻找水源、搭建庇护所、发出求救信号，强调安全与心态的重要性。 Passage7 语法填空 本文讲述 Jake Freed 十年后再次踏上滑板旅行，立志打破最长滑板旅行吉尼斯世界纪录的经历与挑战。 Passage8 语法填空 本文介绍了徒步旅行的特点、组织方式、导游的作用以及新手参加徒步需要注意的安全事项。 Passage9 语法填空 本文介绍了电影《南京照相馆》的剧情与主题，告诫人们铭记历史、承担责任，不让悲剧重演。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广东广州·月考）The bus screamed to a stop in Nazareth, Israel. Five Australian backpackers boarded and struck up a conversation with me. They asked typical travelers’ questions — where was I going and why was I traveling alone? My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn’t pick up and I had no other way to reach her. My stomach was in knots, but I decided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius, where we had planned to go together. “Why don’t you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered. They were seasoned travelers who would work for a few months, save, and then travel for as long as they could. Their current plan was to explore the Middle East and Europe in three months while working in London. It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes. For the next two weeks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations. When they hooked a ride, I took the bus instead, but when they wanted to steal into the King David Hotel’s swimming pool, I led the way. The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone. I joined complete strangers, who became close friends. Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special experience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, I’ve backpacked alone across South Africa, sky-dived from 12,000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U.S. with no job lined up. On my third day wandering in Israel with my new friends, I bumped into the woman I was supposed to meet. Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn’t picked up the phone. 1．What does the author most likely mean by “My stomach was in knots” in Paragraph 1? A．She was sick of riding on a crowded bus. B．She was nervous of meeting strangers. C．She was upset about the unexpected change. D．She was concerned about the friend’s safety. 2．Which of the following best describes the backpackers the author met? A．Casual and lighthearted. B．Experienced and adventurous. C．Courageous but irresponsible. D．Hardworking but unplanned. 3．What does the author’s experience with the swimming pool incident mainly show? A．She always simply followed the group’s decisions. B．She took pleasure in breaking rules during the trip. C．She was more skilled and practical than her friends. D．She could also be adventurous and take the initiative. 4．How did the trip affect the author in the long term? A．It completely changed her career path. B．It taught her that careful planning is unnecessary. C．It inspired her to take more risks and try new challenges. D．It made her value friendships over personal achievements. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）Two Canadian teenagers, Faiz and Leo, have been taking on a series of wonderful challenges. Their most recent achievement was following the Lake Ontario coastline for 73 kilometers, walking from Toronto to Hamilton, Canada, in about 18 hours. “We enjoy trying new things that are good for our bodies and minds. We like to overcome challenges like these. And we feel going on a long walk seems to be the purest form of challenge that you can have,” Leo said. With very little preparation, the two 16-year-olds began their journey at 6 am, starting in darkness and finishing before midnight. They took several breaks, stopping at benches with nice views along the way. On their walk, one of the interesting things they came across was a cargo ship (货船) which was no longer used. “You’d be surprised by the things that you don’t see when you’re driving and that you will see when you’re taking your time walking,” said Leo. However, the journey was not only a trial (考验) for bodies but also an important test of minds. There were moments of loneliness for the pair, requiring them to support each other along the way. Around 70 km into the walk, they ran into a person on a bridge who appeared to be experiencing something painful. “I wasn’t sure what was going to happen me and Leo, we tried to talk him out of it and ended up calling the police, and the situation was eased and everyone was OK,” Faiz said. The walk is now long over but Faiz and Leo are not done challenging themselves, with plans to start a two-day 100 km walk in the near future. 1．What was the recent challenge completed by Faiz and Leo? A．Hiking across the whole of Canada. B．Driving from Toronto to Hamilton. C．Completing a 100-kilometer hike in 18 hours. D．Walking over 70 kilometers along the Ontario coastline. 2．According to Leo, why do they like to challenge themselves? A．To train both physically and mentally. B．To receive rewards and praise. C．To stay away from life pressure. D．To gain attention on social media. 3．Which word can best replace the underlined word eased in paragraph 7? A．worsened. B．improved. C．faced. D．created. 4．What is the main idea of this article? A．Two Canadian teenagers enjoy hiking. B．Hiking offers more interesting views than driving. C．Two teenagers completed a hike from Toronto to Hamilton. D．Two 16-year-olds plan to take on more challenges in the future. Passage 3 （25-26高二上·重庆·月考）Wilson noted the people whom he admired in his autobiography. They are individuals who “concentrate all the courage and self-discipline they possess toward a single worthy goal: explorers, mountain climbers, military heroes, and a very few scientists.” Wilson’s formula for being a hero is simple but difficult to follow. You need to “drive toward discouraging goals with nerves dealt with failure and a willingness to accept pain.” You need to be a scientist like Philip Jackson Darlington, one of Wilson’s early heroes. In the 1940s, Darlington was in pursuit of insects in the jungles of Papua New Guinea in the southwest Pacific. A crocodile (鳄鱼) took him in its jaws and dragged him underwater. He escaped, but his right hand was permanently injured. Yet he went on to greatly expand our knowledge of the insects of Papua New Guinea and other parts of the world. “I acknowledge,” Wilson told us, “that to fight off a crocodile is an act of survival, not proof of character. But to go where crocodiles live is.” When Wilson was 23 and ready to set off on his first field trip to collect insects in the tropics (热带地区), he went to Darlington for advice. “Most people,” Darlington shared, “take it easy when they go in the field.” He told Wilson not to stay on the trails but to walk in a straight line through the forest. “Try to go over any barrier you meet,” he advised. “It’s hard, but it’s the best way to collect.” Darlington’s advice for ant collecting might be considered a metaphor for the way Wilson began his career and lived for nine decades. Life can be hard. Steel yourself to it; face its challenges. Do not fear — the hard way is the right way. Be brave, be driven, and keep your mind and best eye open. 1．Why could Darlington be Wilson’s hero? A．He discovered new species. B．He funded Wilson’s first trip. C．He pursued science fearlessly. D．He taught Wilson about insects. 2．What does Wilson’s words in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Fighting crocodiles defines a hero. B．Surviving an accident is pure luck. C．Scientists should avoid risky places. D．Choosing to face danger is courageous. 3．What was Darlington’s suggestion for field research? A．Focus on collecting common insects. B．Go straight and overcome obstacles. C．Follow the established trails for safety. D．Take it easy and avoid difficult barriers. 4．What is the main message of the text? A．A list of personal heroes. B．A warning about research risks. C．An inspiration to face difficulties. D．A record of scientific achievements. Passage 4 （25-26高二上·浙江·月考）In 1880, fourteen-year-old Matthew Henson loved to hear sailors tell tales of their exciting lives at sea. The travel, the adventure, the danger, and the steady pay were all attractive to young Henson. One day he made up his mind. Baltimore was the nearest large seaport. The next morning he set out on the forty-mile journey to seek work on a sailing ship. In Baltimore, Henson found a job as a cabin boy on a beautiful ship called the Katie Hinds. For the next five years, Henson sailed around the world. By the time he left the Katie Hinds in 1885, Henson was well educated and had become an excellent seaman. Unable to find work anywhere else, Henson took a job in a hat shop in Washington, D．C． One day in1887, a man came in to buy a hat. The man, Lieutenant Robert Peary, asked the owner if he knew anyone with experience at sea. Peary would soon travel to South America for the U. S. government. He needed experienced men to accompany him. The shop owner knew about his young employee’ s skills and experience on ocean voyages, so he introduced Peary to Henson. Henson and Peary soon found they had a great deal in common, including their love of the sea. Using his map-reading and sailing skills, Henson proved himself to be a worthy and intelligent seaman. One day Peary told Henson about his real dream: to be the first man to stand on “the top of the world” at the North Pole. He asked Henson to help him make his dream come true. Over the next five years, the two explorers made two trips together to the Arctic. However, they were not able to reach the pole either time. In 1908, Peary and Henson were ready to make their final attempt at reaching the North Pole. Both men were over forty years old. The years of hardship and suffering in the arctic cold had taken their toll on both men. This would be their last chance. In April 1909, Henson’ s instruments showed they were standing at the North Pole. Together Henson and Peary planted the American flag in the snow. In later years, Robert Peary and Henson were greatly honored for their achievement. Today, the two friends and fellow explorers lie in heroes` graves not far apart in the Arlington National Cemetery. 1．What inspired fourteen-year-old Matthew Henson to seek work on a sailing ship in 1880? A．His love for reading adventure books. B．His desire to get a steady pay. C．His dream of becoming a famous explorer. D．His admiration for sailors’ exciting life stories. 2．The underlined phrase “taken their toll on” is closest in meaning to _________. A．been very costly B．been a valuable experience C．had a serious negative effect D．required them to pay a fine 3．Why did Robert Peary go into the hat shop where Henson worked? A．He wanted to employ experienced sailors for his expedition. B．His primary intention was to buy a hat. C．He knew Henson worked there and wanted to meet him. D．He was sent by the U. S. government to find Henson. 4．What can be inferred from the fact that Henson and Peary lie in heroes’ graves not far apart in the Arington National Cemetery? A．Their families wanted them to be buried close to each other. B．The government forced them to be buried in the same cemetery. C．They were both highly respected for their achievement. D．They wished themselves to be buried in the same cemetery. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）Wilderness Survival: Essential Skills for the Outdoors Venturing into the wilderness offers a mix of great beauty and hidden dangers. While the attraction of untouched landscapes is strong, conditions can change with surprising speed. 1 However, a basic grasp of survival techniques is still an adventurous pursuit as well as a crucial investment in one’s safety. The importance of one’s mental state in a survival situation cannot be overstated. In a crisis, panic often clouds judgment and uses up energy faster. 2 Doing this is crucial because it allows for a correct assessment of the situation and the formation of a plan, thereby saving valuable energy. Finding water is absolutely essential. Since the human body can only survive for about three days without it, locating a water source becomes a key task. 3 While flowing streams are generally better, any water that might be unsafe must be made clean, ideally through boiling or using purification tablets, to prevent waterborne illnesses. 4 Being out in bad weather is a main danger, as the body can lose heat even in fairly cool conditions. Building a proper shelter, therefore, is about basic survival, not comfort, helps to keep body heat in and offers protection from rain and wind. Being able to call for help can often decide whether a rescue is successful. Sound signals, like three short blasts from a whistle, travel farther than the human voice and are understandable everywhere as a call for help. 5 In a similar way, using a mirror or any shiny surface to flash sunlight can attract the attention of planes, while a fire that produces thick smoke by day or a bright flame by night acts as a strong visual signal. In conclusion, these skills are not only valuable for extreme sports lovers but also basic for anyone who spends time in the outdoors. A．Instead, one must make a conscious effort to stay calm to keep thinking clearly. B．Thus, the search for safe drinking water demands immediate and full attention. C．Some might praise the excitement of exploring without any prior preparation. D．Also very important is the need to keep the body warm. E．The ability to start a fire for warmth can not be a replacement for finding food. F．More importantly, they can cover areas where a shout might not be heard. G．Therefore, it is advisable to test all new equipment before setting off on a trip. Passage 6 （25-26高三上·山西太原·月考）Ten years ago, Jake Freed ran out of gas and was stuck outside of Yuma, Arizona on a summer night. 1 . He was surprised how quickly he got there and how effortless it was! 2 . This time, he wants to set the Guinness World Record for the longest distance traveled by skateboard. Since leaving his home state five weeks ago, he has already covered 1,400 miles. But to beat the record, he still has more than 6,000 miles to go. The current record is held by Robert Thompson, a New Zealander who covered 7,555 miles on a skateboard from Switzerland to Shanghai in 2008. 3 . He hopes to complete his own journey in five months or less. Guinness requires him to keep detailed records of his trip. He wears a satellite tracker on his back, carries two notebooks (one for his miles and the other for witnesses)and saves the receipts from every purchase made along the way. 4 . On top of his recording-keeping, Freed averages roughly 50 miles per day on his board. When asked what were the main challenges, he said, “The hardest part of the cross-country trek is not the traffic or the bad weather. 5 . A lot of times, I felt too bored and wanted to give up.” A．It is the boredom B．I have to focus on one push at a time C．Ten years later, the Arizona native is back on the road D．Additionally, he must take a two-minute video every hour E．To beat him, Freed has planned a journey of more than 8,000 miles F．Without any other options, he pulled out his skateboard and rode into the town G．When he really wanted to give up, he would think about the people supporting him Passage 7 （24-25高二上·江西宜春·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hiking tours are a kind of adventure tourism. Generally speaking, these vacations focus almost entirely 1 hiking from one place to another. Hiking tours can be regarded as a group activity or alone. There are many different ways of organizing hiking tours. Some people like to go out into the areas where there are very few people and travel over a long 2 (distant) from one place to another. They usually stay in hotels overnight before 3 (travel) to the next place on the following day. Guides can make hiking trips 4 (safe) and more focused. Some hikers prefer to take hiking tours without guides because of costs or because they want to challenge 5 (they). However, employing a reliable guide during a hiking tour 6 (consider) as a better choice for less experienced hikers. 7 activity can be very tiring, and those who are new to hiking may worry that they aren’t 8 (physical) able to finish the tours. Sometimes it can be helpful for people 9 (go) to the doctor and make sure 10 is safe for them to choose a difficult hike. Sometimes, a challenging hike can be deadly for someone having heart disease. Passage 8 （23-24高二下·福建龙岩·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I 1 (dream) of. However, when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 2 (qualify), so I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance. Later I 3 (discover) and Shackleton had to assign me to be 4 steward. The journey wasn’t very easy, for Endurance was stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton 5 (calm) told us to rescue our most essential supplies and he 6 (he) threw away all his gold. He allowed Hussey to keep his banjo, 7 made us surprised. We had been struggling for days, but things were going from bad to worse. Soon after we arrived at Elephant Island,Shackleton left us 8 (find) help. Sometimes we were able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. I tried to think of 9 (happy)things. I was grateful for Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern for others, their 10 (persevere), and their resolve filled me with hope. Passage 9 （25-26高二上·陕西渭南·月考）语法填空 Dead To Rights, a film set during the Nanjing Massacre (南京大屠杀), 1 (earn) over 400 million yuan in 2 (it) first three days since its release on Friday. The film, marking the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945), dominated daily charts and set the best opening-day record for a war film in the summer season over the past three years. Dead to Rights shows a group of Chinese civilians 3 (shelter) in a photo studio in Nanjing. While there, a Japanese military photographer asks them to develop his film, While carrying out his orders, they realize the negatives hold shocking proof of the widespread atrocities (恶行) the Japanese troops have committed. 4 (determine) to expose the truth, they secretly preserve the negatives and risk everything to smuggle them out, hoping the world will one day see the enormity (暴行) of what has taken place. Watching Dead To Rights was not a “pleasant” viewing experience — 5 was it meant to be. Set against the 1937 Nanjing Massacre, the film’s focus on Jixiang Photo Studio, a tiny refuge 6 ordinary people risked their lives to preserve evidence of atrocities (暴行), 7 (leave) me with a heavy yet profound mix of sorrow and awe. The film forces us 8 (confront) a painful truth: history must not be forgotten. The photos in the story are more than images — they are proof, a promise to the 9 (victim) that their suffering will not be erased. Remembering is not just an act of respect, but a 10 (responsible) to ensure such horrors never repeat. 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Adversity and Courage逆境与勇气 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元主题是“逆境与勇气” 主题词汇积累 1. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/n. 困境；逆境 3. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/n. 勇气；胆量 4. perseverance /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/n. 毅力；不屈不挠 5. endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/n. 忍耐力；耐久力 6. resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/n. 决心；坚定信念 v. 决心；解决 7. hardship /ˈhɑːdʃɪp/n. 困苦；艰难 8. setback /ˈsetbæk/n. 挫折；阻碍 9. triumph /ˈtraɪʌmf/n. 胜利；成功 v. 战胜 10. overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/v. 克服；战胜 11. expedition /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/n. 探险；远征；探险队 12. voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/n./vi. 航海；航行 13. crew /kruː/n. 全体船员；团队 14. steward /ˈstjuːəd/n. 乘务员；服务员 15. navigator /ˈnævɪɡeɪtə(r)/n. 领航员 16. aboard /əˈbɔːd/adv./prep. 上（船 / 飞机） 17. sink /sɪŋk/v. 沉没；下沉（sank/sunk） 18. crush /krʌʃ/v. 毁坏；压坏 n. 拥挤人群 19. abandon /əˈbændən/v. 舍弃；抛弃 20. genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/adj. 真诚的；真正的 21. decent /ˈdiːsnt/adj. 正派的；得体的 22. miserable /ˈmɪzrəbl/adj. 痛苦的；难受的 23. cruel /ˈkruːəl/adj. 残酷的；残忍的 24. qualified /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/adj. 合格的；有资格的 25. bitter /ˈbɪtə(r)/adj. 严寒的；激烈的；味苦的 26. turn sb. down 拒绝（某人） 27. assign sb. sth. 分配；布置任务 28. in adversity 在逆境中 29. face courageously 勇敢面对 30. persevere in 坚持 时文拓展阅读 Last summer, a group of 15 high school students from Sichuan embarked on a challenging mountain expedition to climb Mount Gongga’s eastern slope. What began as a journey of adventure quickly turned into a test of courage and perseverance when they faced unexpected adversity. On the third day, a sudden snowstorm hit, bringing bitter cold and strong winds. Visibility dropped to nearly zero, and the path ahead was covered in thick ice. One student slipped and injured his ankle, making progress even harder. The group could have turned back, but their resolve held firm. They set up a temporary shelter, shared limited food and water, and took turns caring for the injured teammate. For three days, they battled freezing temperatures and exhaustion. Instead of giving in to fear, they encouraged each other, sang songs to lift spirits, and kept moving forward slowly but steadily. Their teacher, Mr. Li, later said, “What impressed me most was not their final success, but their courage to stand together in hardship.” On the sixth day, the storm cleared. The team reached the summit, cheering and hugging each other. This experience taught them that true courage is not the absence of fear, but acting bravely despite it. Adversity does not break people; it reveals their inner strength and unity. 【译文欣赏】 去年夏天，一群来自四川的 15 名高中生开启了一场充满挑战的山地远征，攀登贡嘎山东坡。这场原本的冒险之旅，很快变成了对勇气与毅力的考验 —— 他们遭遇了意想不到的逆境。 第三天，一场突如其来的暴风雪袭来，带来刺骨严寒与狂风。能见度几乎降为零，前方道路被厚冰覆盖。一名学生滑倒扭伤脚踝，让前行更加艰难。队伍本可以折返，但他们的决心毫不动摇。他们搭建临时避难所，分享有限的食物和水，轮流照顾受伤的队友。 整整三天，他们与严寒和疲惫抗争。没有向恐惧低头，反而互相鼓励、唱歌鼓舞士气，缓慢却坚定地继续前行。带队的李老师后来说：“最让我感动的不是他们最终的成功，而是他们在困境中并肩而立的勇气。” 第六天，风雪散去。队伍成功登顶，大家欢呼拥抱。这段经历让他们明白：真正的勇气并非没有恐惧，而是即便心怀恐惧依然勇敢前行。逆境不会击垮人，反而会彰显出内心的力量与团结。 【词汇积累】 1. 2. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/n. 勇气；胆量 3. perseverance /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/n. 毅力；坚持不懈 4. resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/n. 决心；坚定信念 v. 决心；解决 5. hardship /ˈhɑːdʃɪp/n. 困苦；艰难 6. overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/v. 克服；战胜 7. expedition /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/n. 探险；远征 8. summit /ˈsʌmɪt/n. 山顶；顶峰 9. bitter /ˈbɪtə(r)/adj. 严寒的；刺骨的 10. freezing /ˈfriːzɪŋ/adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 11. shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/n. 避难所；遮蔽处 12. visibility /ˌvɪzəˈbɪləti/n. 能见度 13. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/v. 使受伤；损害 14. exhaustion /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/n. 疲惫；精疲力竭 15. unity /ˈjuːnəti/n. 团结；联合 16. reveal /rɪˈviːl/v. 展现；揭示 17. impress /ɪmˈpres/v. 使印象深刻 18. turn back 折返；返回 19. give in to 屈服于 20. lift spirits 鼓舞士气 高考真题链接 （2023·浙江·高考真题）Explorers Camp •Full day camp for kids aged 5-13. •Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm. Week 1 | July 8-12 Week 2 | July 15-19 Week 3 | July 22-26 •Register for a single week or multiple weeks. •Fees: $365 per week. •The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. Camp Structure The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks. Camp Content Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn. Camp Staff Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check. 1．On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration with a full refund? A．June 12. B．June 22. C．July 19. D．July 26. 2．How are campers divided into different groups? A．By gender. B．By nationality. C．By interest. D．By age. 3．How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week? A．15. B．21. C．30. D．42. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了探险家营地的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“•The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. (取消注册并获得全额退款的最后一天是6月15日)”可知，你可以在6月12日取消注册并全额退款。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据Camp Structure部分中的“The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group.(白天按每个年龄组分为两个专题会议)”可知，露营者按年龄划分成不同的小组。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“•Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9点至下午4点)”可知，每周安排5天的活动。根据Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm).(露营者有一个三小时的上午课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一个小时的午休时间，然后是另一个三个小时的下午课程（下午1点到下午4点）)”可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30小时的课程。故选C。 句 1（不定式作定语 + 并列结构） 原句：The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund is June 15. 结构：① 主句：The last day is June 15 ② 不定式短语作后置定语：to cancel registration and receive a full refund 翻译：取消注册并获得全额退款的最后日期是 6 月 15 日。 句 2（被动语态 + 介词短语） 原句：The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. 结构：① 主句：The day is divided into two thematic sessions ② 介词短语作状语：per age group 翻译：一天按每个年龄段分为两个主题活动时段。 句 3（现在分词作定语） 原句：Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme. 结构：① 主句：Campers have a three-hour morning class ② 现在分词短语作后置定语：engaging with a morning theme 翻译：营员们上一节三小时的、围绕上午主题展开的课程。 句 4（定语从句 + 被动结构） 原句：All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn. 结构：① 主句：All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities ② 定语从句 1：that are tailored to… 修饰 activities ③ 定语从句 2：that kids learn 修饰 ways 翻译：所有营地课程都设置了适合年龄段的活动，这些活动根据孩子们的多种学习方式量身定制。 句 5（非谓语动词 + 定语结构） 原句：Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check. 结构：① 主句：Instructors are passionate educators ② 定语从句：who are experts… and have undergone… 修饰 educators 翻译：导师们都是充满热情的教育工作者，他们是各自领域的专家，并且接受过培训和背景审查。 1. explorer n. 探险家 2. camp n. 营地；夏令营 3. registration n. 注册；报名 4. register v. 注册 5. cancel v. 取消 6. refund n. 退款 7. session n. 一段时间；课程；活动 8. theme n. 主题 9. structure n. 结构；安排 10. content n. 内容 11. staff n. 工作人员 12. ratio n. 比例 13. instructor n. 指导老师；教练 14. expert n. 专家 15. training n. 训练 16. background n. 背景 17. thematic adj. 主题的 18. age-appropriate adj. 适合年龄段的 19. passionate adj. 热情的；热忱的 20. multiple adj. 多种的；多个的 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 本文介绍了面向 5–13 岁儿童的探险家夏令营，包括时间、费用、课程结构、活动内容及师资情况。 Passage2 阅读理解 作者讲述了因计划有变独自旅行，偶遇背包客并同行的经历，这次经历让她收获勇气、自信与珍贵友谊。 Passage3 阅读理解 文章报道了两名加拿大青少年完成 73 公里徒步挑战的故事，他们在挑战自我身心的同时还热心帮助他人。 Passage4 阅读理解 本文通过科学家 Darlington 勇敢探险、不惧危险坚持研究的事例，传达勇敢面对困难、直面挑战的精神。 Passage5 七选五 本文讲述了 Matthew Henson 从热爱航海到成为探险家，与 Peary 共同克服艰难、最终成功抵达北极的故事。 Passage6 七选五 本文介绍了荒野生存的几项关键技能：保持冷静、寻找水源、搭建庇护所、发出求救信号，强调安全与心态的重要性。 Passage7 语法填空 本文讲述 Jake Freed 十年后再次踏上滑板旅行，立志打破最长滑板旅行吉尼斯世界纪录的经历与挑战。 Passage8 语法填空 本文介绍了徒步旅行的特点、组织方式、导游的作用以及新手参加徒步需要注意的安全事项。 Passage9 语法填空 本文介绍了电影《南京照相馆》的剧情与主题，告诫人们铭记历史、承担责任，不让悲剧重演。 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·广东广州·月考）The bus screamed to a stop in Nazareth, Israel. Five Australian backpackers boarded and struck up a conversation with me. They asked typical travelers’ questions — where was I going and why was I traveling alone? My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn’t pick up and I had no other way to reach her. My stomach was in knots, but I decided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius, where we had planned to go together. “Why don’t you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered. They were seasoned travelers who would work for a few months, save, and then travel for as long as they could. Their current plan was to explore the Middle East and Europe in three months while working in London. It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes. For the next two weeks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations. When they hooked a ride, I took the bus instead, but when they wanted to steal into the King David Hotel’s swimming pool, I led the way. The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone. I joined complete strangers, who became close friends. Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special experience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, I’ve backpacked alone across South Africa, sky-dived from 12,000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U.S. with no job lined up. On my third day wandering in Israel with my new friends, I bumped into the woman I was supposed to meet. Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn’t picked up the phone. 1．What does the author most likely mean by “My stomach was in knots” in Paragraph 1? A．She was sick of riding on a crowded bus. B．She was nervous of meeting strangers. C．She was upset about the unexpected change. D．She was concerned about the friend’s safety. 2．Which of the following best describes the backpackers the author met? A．Casual and lighthearted. B．Experienced and adventurous. C．Courageous but irresponsible. D．Hardworking but unplanned. 3．What does the author’s experience with the swimming pool incident mainly show? A．She always simply followed the group’s decisions. B．She took pleasure in breaking rules during the trip. C．She was more skilled and practical than her friends. D．She could also be adventurous and take the initiative. 4．How did the trip affect the author in the long term? A．It completely changed her career path. B．It taught her that careful planning is unnecessary. C．It inspired her to take more risks and try new challenges. D．It made her value friendships over personal achievements. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者原本计划与他人结伴旅行，因对方未接电话而独自出行，后与澳大利亚背包客同行的特殊经历及此次经历带来的影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn’t pick up and I had no other way to reach her.(我的计划是和一个朋友的朋友一起旅行，但那天早上我给她打电话时，她没接，我也没有其他办法联系到她。)”可知，作者原本的旅行计划因同伴未接电话而被打乱，突发的变化让她心情烦躁不安，因此My stomach was in knots”应表示“对突发变化感到心烦”。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They were seasoned travelers who would work for a few months, save, and then travel for as long as they could.(他们是经验丰富的旅行者，他们会工作几个月，攒下钱，然后就可以尽情地四处游历了。)”以及第三段中的“For the next two weeks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations.(在接下来的两周里，我和背包客们一起探索了以色列，并学会在各种新奇有趣的情况下相信自己的直觉。)”可知，背包客经验丰富且帮助作者探险，由此可推断他们是经验丰富且富有冒险精神的。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“When they hooked a ride, I took the bus instead, but when they wanted to steal into the King David Hotel’s swimming pool, I led the way. The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone. I joined complete strangers, who became close friends. Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special experience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life.(当他们想搭便车时，我则选择乘坐公交车；但当他们想要偷偷进入大卫王酒店的游泳池时，我便带路了。因为选择了独自旅行，世界对我敞开了怀抱。我结识了形形色色的陌生人，他们后来还成了我的挚友。多年后，那次背包旅行中的一个旅行团成员夫妇甚至从悉尼飞到菲尼克斯来参加我的婚礼。那次旅行如此特别，让我在生活的各个方面都充满了自信)”可知，作者在游泳池事件中的经历表明她也可以富有冒险精神，并主动采取行动。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The trip was such a special experience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, I’ve backpacked alone across South Africa, sky-dived from 12,000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U.S. with no job lined up.(这次旅行是一次非常特别的经历，它让我在生活的各个方面都充满了信心。从那以后，我独自背包游历了南非，从12000英尺的高空跳伞，甚至还带着没有工作安排的状况穿越了美国。)”可知，作者的旅行激励她去承担更多风险，尝试新的挑战。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）Two Canadian teenagers, Faiz and Leo, have been taking on a series of wonderful challenges. Their most recent achievement was following the Lake Ontario coastline for 73 kilometers, walking from Toronto to Hamilton, Canada, in about 18 hours. “We enjoy trying new things that are good for our bodies and minds. We like to overcome challenges like these. And we feel going on a long walk seems to be the purest form of challenge that you can have,” Leo said. With very little preparation, the two 16-year-olds began their journey at 6 am, starting in darkness and finishing before midnight. They took several breaks, stopping at benches with nice views along the way. On their walk, one of the interesting things they came across was a cargo ship (货船) which was no longer used. “You’d be surprised by the things that you don’t see when you’re driving and that you will see when you’re taking your time walking,” said Leo. However, the journey was not only a trial (考验) for bodies but also an important test of minds. There were moments of loneliness for the pair, requiring them to support each other along the way. Around 70 km into the walk, they ran into a person on a bridge who appeared to be experiencing something painful. “I wasn’t sure what was going to happen me and Leo, we tried to talk him out of it and ended up calling the police, and the situation was eased and everyone was OK,” Faiz said. The walk is now long over but Faiz and Leo are not done challenging themselves, with plans to start a two-day 100 km walk in the near future. 1．What was the recent challenge completed by Faiz and Leo? A．Hiking across the whole of Canada. B．Driving from Toronto to Hamilton. C．Completing a 100-kilometer hike in 18 hours. D．Walking over 70 kilometers along the Ontario coastline. 2．According to Leo, why do they like to challenge themselves? A．To train both physically and mentally. B．To receive rewards and praise. C．To stay away from life pressure. D．To gain attention on social media. 3．Which word can best replace the underlined word eased in paragraph 7? A．worsened. B．improved. C．faced. D．created. 4．What is the main idea of this article? A．Two Canadian teenagers enjoy hiking. B．Hiking offers more interesting views than driving. C．Two teenagers completed a hike from Toronto to Hamilton. D．Two 16-year-olds plan to take on more challenges in the future. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述加拿大两名青少年完成沿安大略湖海岸线徒步73公里的挑战，以及途中的经历与感悟。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Their most recent achievement was following the Lake Ontario coastline for 73 kilometers, walking from Toronto to Hamilton, Canada, in about 18 hours. (他们最近的一项成就，是沿着安大略湖海岸线徒步73公里，从加拿大多伦多走到汉密尔顿，全程耗时约18小时)”可知，费伊兹和利奥最近完成的挑战是沿安大略湖海岸线徒步70多公里。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We enjoy trying new things that are good for our bodies and minds. We like to overcome challenges like these. (我们喜欢尝试对身心有益的新鲜事物。我们乐于克服诸如此类的挑战)”可知，利奥表示他们喜欢挑战自我是为了锻炼身心。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第七段中的““I wasn’t sure what was going to happen me and Leo, we tried to talk him out of it and ended up calling the police, and the situation was eased and everyone was OK,” Faiz said. (法伊兹说：“我当时不知道我和利奥会遇到什么情况，我们试图劝他打消念头，最后只好报了警。后来局势趋于eased，所有人都平安无事。”)”可知，经过劝说和报警处理，紧张的情况有所好转，因此“eased”的意思是“改善、缓解”，与“improved”含义相近。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Their most recent achievement was following the Lake Ontario coastline for 73 kilometers, walking from Toronto to Hamilton, Canada, in about 18 hours. (他们最近的一项成就，是沿着安大略湖海岸线徒步73公里，从加拿大多伦多走到汉密尔顿，全程耗时约18小时)”可知，文章核心内容是两名青少年完成从多伦多到汉密尔顿的徒步挑战，C选项“Two teenagers completed a hike from Toronto to Hamilton.(两名青少年完成了从多伦多到汉密尔顿的徒步旅行。)”最能概括全文主旨。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26高二上·重庆·月考）Wilson noted the people whom he admired in his autobiography. They are individuals who “concentrate all the courage and self-discipline they possess toward a single worthy goal: explorers, mountain climbers, military heroes, and a very few scientists.” Wilson’s formula for being a hero is simple but difficult to follow. You need to “drive toward discouraging goals with nerves dealt with failure and a willingness to accept pain.” You need to be a scientist like Philip Jackson Darlington, one of Wilson’s early heroes. In the 1940s, Darlington was in pursuit of insects in the jungles of Papua New Guinea in the southwest Pacific. A crocodile (鳄鱼) took him in its jaws and dragged him underwater. He escaped, but his right hand was permanently injured. Yet he went on to greatly expand our knowledge of the insects of Papua New Guinea and other parts of the world. “I acknowledge,” Wilson told us, “that to fight off a crocodile is an act of survival, not proof of character. But to go where crocodiles live is.” When Wilson was 23 and ready to set off on his first field trip to collect insects in the tropics (热带地区), he went to Darlington for advice. “Most people,” Darlington shared, “take it easy when they go in the field.” He told Wilson not to stay on the trails but to walk in a straight line through the forest. “Try to go over any barrier you meet,” he advised. “It’s hard, but it’s the best way to collect.” Darlington’s advice for ant collecting might be considered a metaphor for the way Wilson began his career and lived for nine decades. Life can be hard. Steel yourself to it; face its challenges. Do not fear — the hard way is the right way. Be brave, be driven, and keep your mind and best eye open. 1．Why could Darlington be Wilson’s hero? A．He discovered new species. B．He funded Wilson’s first trip. C．He pursued science fearlessly. D．He taught Wilson about insects. 2．What does Wilson’s words in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Fighting crocodiles defines a hero. B．Surviving an accident is pure luck. C．Scientists should avoid risky places. D．Choosing to face danger is courageous. 3．What was Darlington’s suggestion for field research? A．Focus on collecting common insects. B．Go straight and overcome obstacles. C．Follow the established trails for safety. D．Take it easy and avoid difficult barriers. 4．What is the main message of the text? A．A list of personal heroes. B．A warning about research risks. C．An inspiration to face difficulties. D．A record of scientific achievements. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了威尔逊在自传中提及敬佩的人如达林顿，达林顿曾遇鳄鱼受伤仍坚持研究，还建议威尔逊野外研究直面障碍，其经历也启发威尔逊勇敢面对生活困难。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Wilson’s formula for being a hero is simple but difficult to follow. You need to “drive toward discouraging goals with nerves dealt with failure and a willingness to accept pain.” You need to be a scientist like Philip Jackson Darlington, one of Wilson’s early heroes.(威尔逊成为英雄的准则简单却难以遵循。你需要“朝着令人沮丧的目标努力，同时要能坦然面对失败，并愿意承受痛苦。”你需要成为像菲利普·杰克逊·达林顿那样的科学家，他是威尔逊早期的英雄之一)”可知，达林顿会成为威尔逊的英雄是因为他勇敢地追求科学。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段““I acknowledge,” Wilson told us, “that to fight off a crocodile is an act of survival, not proof of character. But to go where crocodiles live is.”(“我承认，”威尔逊告诉我们，“与鳄鱼搏斗是一种生存行为，并非彰显个性的表现。但去鳄鱼出没的地方却是真的对品格的证明。”)”可知，威尔逊在第三段中的这番话意味着选择面对危险就是勇敢的表现。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段““Most people,” Darlington shared, “take it easy when they go in the field.” He told Wilson not to stay on the trails but to walk in a straight line through the forest. “Try to go over any barrier you meet,” he advised. “It’s hard, but it’s the best way to collect.”(达林顿说道：“大多数人在进入野外时都会放松下来。”他告诉威尔逊不要沿着小径行走，而要沿着一条直线穿过森林。“遇到任何障碍都要试着越过它，”他建议道，“这很难，但这是收集样本的最佳方法。”)”可知，达林顿对于实地考察的建议是直接前行，克服障碍。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段““Most people,” Darlington shared, “take it easy when they go in the field.” He told Wilson not to stay on the trails but to walk in a straight line through the forest. “Try to go over any barrier you meet,” he advised. “It’s hard, but it’s the best way to collect.”(达林顿说道：“大多数人在进入野外时都会放松下来。”他告诉威尔逊不要沿着小径行走，而要沿着一条直线穿过森林。“遇到任何障碍都要试着越过它，”他建议道，“这很难，但这是收集样本的最佳方法。”)”以及文章通过威尔逊崇拜的英雄达林顿“无畏面对危险、坚持科学研究”的事例，以及达林顿给威尔逊的励志建议，传递出“直面困难、勇敢前行”的核心思想，可知，这篇文章的主旨是一种面对困难的鼓舞力量。故选C。 Passage 4 （25-26高二上·浙江·月考）In 1880, fourteen-year-old Matthew Henson loved to hear sailors tell tales of their exciting lives at sea. The travel, the adventure, the danger, and the steady pay were all attractive to young Henson. One day he made up his mind. Baltimore was the nearest large seaport. The next morning he set out on the forty-mile journey to seek work on a sailing ship. In Baltimore, Henson found a job as a cabin boy on a beautiful ship called the Katie Hinds. For the next five years, Henson sailed around the world. By the time he left the Katie Hinds in 1885, Henson was well educated and had become an excellent seaman. Unable to find work anywhere else, Henson took a job in a hat shop in Washington, D．C． One day in1887, a man came in to buy a hat. The man, Lieutenant Robert Peary, asked the owner if he knew anyone with experience at sea. Peary would soon travel to South America for the U. S. government. He needed experienced men to accompany him. The shop owner knew about his young employee’ s skills and experience on ocean voyages, so he introduced Peary to Henson. Henson and Peary soon found they had a great deal in common, including their love of the sea. Using his map-reading and sailing skills, Henson proved himself to be a worthy and intelligent seaman. One day Peary told Henson about his real dream: to be the first man to stand on “the top of the world” at the North Pole. He asked Henson to help him make his dream come true. Over the next five years, the two explorers made two trips together to the Arctic. However, they were not able to reach the pole either time. In 1908, Peary and Henson were ready to make their final attempt at reaching the North Pole. Both men were over forty years old. The years of hardship and suffering in the arctic cold had taken their toll on both men. This would be their last chance. In April 1909, Henson’ s instruments showed they were standing at the North Pole. Together Henson and Peary planted the American flag in the snow. In later years, Robert Peary and Henson were greatly honored for their achievement. Today, the two friends and fellow explorers lie in heroes` graves not far apart in the Arlington National Cemetery. 1．What inspired fourteen-year-old Matthew Henson to seek work on a sailing ship in 1880? A．His love for reading adventure books. B．His desire to get a steady pay. C．His dream of becoming a famous explorer. D．His admiration for sailors’ exciting life stories. 2．The underlined phrase “taken their toll on” is closest in meaning to _________. A．been very costly B．been a valuable experience C．had a serious negative effect D．required them to pay a fine 3．Why did Robert Peary go into the hat shop where Henson worked? A．He wanted to employ experienced sailors for his expedition. B．His primary intention was to buy a hat. C．He knew Henson worked there and wanted to meet him. D．He was sent by the U. S. government to find Henson. 4．What can be inferred from the fact that Henson and Peary lie in heroes’ graves not far apart in the Arington National Cemetery? A．Their families wanted them to be buried close to each other. B．The government forced them to be buried in the same cemetery. C．They were both highly respected for their achievement. D．They wished themselves to be buried in the same cemetery. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Matthew Henson受水手故事启发，成为优秀水手，后与Robert Peary共同探索北极，成功到达北极并插上美国国旗，死后同葬英雄墓的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 1880, fourteen-year-old Matthew Henson loved to hear sailors tell tales of their exciting lives at sea. The travel, the adventure, the danger, and the steady pay were all attractive to young Henson. One day he made up his mind. Baltimore was the nearest large seaport. The next morning he set out on the forty-mile journey to seek work on a sailing ship.(1880年，14岁的Matthew Henson喜欢听水手们讲述他们在海上激动人心的生活故事。旅行、冒险、危险和稳定的收入都吸引着年轻的Henson。一天，他下定决心。巴尔的摩是最近的大型海港。第二天早上，他踏上了40英里的旅程，去一艘帆船上找工作)”可知，Matthew Henson喜欢听水手们讲述他们在海上激动人心的生活故事，这吸引着他去一艘帆船上找工作，即他对水手们激动人心的生活故事的羡慕促使他去一艘帆船上找工作。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第六段中“Over the next five years, the two explorers made two trips together to the Arctic. However, they were not able to reach the pole either time.(在接下来的五年里，这两位探险家一起两次前往北极。然而，他们两次都没能到达极点)”和划线短语所在部分“The years of hardship and suffering in the arctic cold had taken their toll on both men. This would be their last chance.(多年来在北极寒冷的环境中生活的艰辛和痛苦taken their toll on两个人。这将是他们最后的机会)”可推知，在北极的寒冷中经历了多年的艰辛和苦难给他们带来不好的影响，让他们身体变差，所以这将是他们最后的机会。故画线短语taken their toll on的意思是“有严重的负面影响”。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unable to find work anywhere else, Henson took a job in a hat shop in Washington, D. C. One day in1887, a man came in to buy a hat. The man, Lieutenant Robert Peary, asked the owner if he knew anyone with experience at sea.(由于在其他地方找不到工作，Henson在华盛顿特区的一家帽子店找到了一份工作。1887年的一天，一个男人进来买帽子。这个人，Robert Peary中尉，问店主是否认识有海上经验的人)”可知，Robert Peary进入Henson工作的帽子店是因为他想买一顶帽子。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In later years, Robert Peary and Henson were greatly honored for their achievement. Today, the two friends and fellow explorers lie in heroes` graves not far apart in the Arlington National Cemetery.(在后来的岁月里，Robert Peary和Henson因他们的成就而备受尊敬。今天，这两位朋友和探险家伙伴躺在阿灵顿国家公墓相距不远的英雄墓中)”可推知，Henson和Peary躺在阿灵顿国家公墓相距不远的英雄墓中，说明他们因成就而受到高度尊敬。故选C项。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）Wilderness Survival: Essential Skills for the Outdoors Venturing into the wilderness offers a mix of great beauty and hidden dangers. While the attraction of untouched landscapes is strong, conditions can change with surprising speed. 1 However, a basic grasp of survival techniques is still an adventurous pursuit as well as a crucial investment in one’s safety. The importance of one’s mental state in a survival situation cannot be overstated. In a crisis, panic often clouds judgment and uses up energy faster. 2 Doing this is crucial because it allows for a correct assessment of the situation and the formation of a plan, thereby saving valuable energy. Finding water is absolutely essential. Since the human body can only survive for about three days without it, locating a water source becomes a key task. 3 While flowing streams are generally better, any water that might be unsafe must be made clean, ideally through boiling or using purification tablets, to prevent waterborne illnesses. 4 Being out in bad weather is a main danger, as the body can lose heat even in fairly cool conditions. Building a proper shelter, therefore, is about basic survival, not comfort, helps to keep body heat in and offers protection from rain and wind. Being able to call for help can often decide whether a rescue is successful. Sound signals, like three short blasts from a whistle, travel farther than the human voice and are understandable everywhere as a call for help. 5 In a similar way, using a mirror or any shiny surface to flash sunlight can attract the attention of planes, while a fire that produces thick smoke by day or a bright flame by night acts as a strong visual signal. In conclusion, these skills are not only valuable for extreme sports lovers but also basic for anyone who spends time in the outdoors. A．Instead, one must make a conscious effort to stay calm to keep thinking clearly. B．Thus, the search for safe drinking water demands immediate and full attention. C．Some might praise the excitement of exploring without any prior preparation. D．Also very important is the need to keep the body warm. E．The ability to start a fire for warmth can not be a replacement for finding food. F．More importantly, they can cover areas where a shout might not be heard. G．Therefore, it is advisable to test all new equipment before setting off on a trip. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了荒野充满美景与危险，掌握生存技能至关重要，需保持冷静、寻找安全水源、搭建保暖庇护所、发出求救信号，这些技能对户外人群意义重大。 1．根据后文“However, a basic grasp of survival techniques is still an adventurous pursuit as well as a crucial investment in one’s safety.(然而，对生存技巧的基本了解仍是一种充满冒险性的探索，同时也是保障自身安全的重要投资)”可知，空格后以However转折，强调“掌握基础生存技能是必要的安全保障”，由此推断空格处应是与“重视生存技能”相反的观点。选项C“有些人可能会推崇毫无准备就去探险的刺激感”，恰好与后文形成转折逻辑，衔接自然。故选C。 2．根据上文“The importance of one’s mental state in a survival situation cannot be overstated. In a crisis, panic often clouds judgment and uses up energy faster.(在生存困境中，一个人的心理状态的重要性不容小觑。在危机时刻，恐慌往往会使人丧失判断力，并加速消耗体力)”以及后文“Doing this is crucial because it allows for a correct assessment of the situation and the formation of a plan, thereby saving valuable energy.(这样做至关重要，因为它能让我们对当前情况有一个准确的判断，并制定出相应的计划，从而节省宝贵的精力)”可知，前文指出“危机中恐慌会扰乱判断、加速消耗体力”，空格后说明“这样做能正确评估情况、制定计划，节省能量”。选项A“相反，人必须有意识地保持冷静，以维持清晰思考”，既承接前文对“恐慌”的否定，又对应后文“正确评估情况”的前提，逻辑连贯。故选A。 3．根据上文“Finding water is absolutely essential. Since the human body can only survive for about three days without it, locating a water source becomes a key task.(找到水源是至关重要的。因为人体若缺水，大约只能维持三天的生命，所以找到水源就成了首要任务)”以及后文“While flowing streams are generally better, any water that might be unsafe must be made clean, ideally through boiling or using purification tablets, to prevent waterborne illnesses.(虽然流动的溪流通常较为安全，但任何可能不安全的水都必须净化处理，理想的做法是通过煮沸或使用净化片来实现，以防止水传播疾病)”可知，本段核心话题是寻找安全水源的重要性，前文提到“人体缺水只能存活约三天，找水源是关键任务”，选项B“因此，寻找安全饮用水需要立即投入全部精力”，用Thus承接前文的重要性，引出后文对“水源净化”的具体说明，契合段落主旨。故选B。 4．根据后文“Being out in bad weather is a main danger, as the body can lose heat even in fairly cool conditions. Building a proper shelter, therefore, is about basic survival, not comfort, helps to keep body heat in and offers protection from rain and wind.(在恶劣天气中外出是一个主要的危险因素，因为即使在凉爽的天气里，人体也可能散失热量。因此，建造一个合适的遮蔽所（即注重的是基本的生存需求，而非舒适度）能够帮助保持身体热量，并提供防雨和防风的保护)”可知，空格后提到“恶劣天气是主要危险，人体即使在凉爽天气也会流失热量”、“搭建庇护所是为了保暖、抵御风雨”，核心话题是保暖对生存的意义。选项D“保持身体温暖也同样重要”，能够作为本段的主旨句，引出后文的具体解释。故选D。 5．根据上文“Being able to call for help can often decide whether a rescue is successful. Sound signals, like three short blasts from a whistle, travel farther than the human voice and are understandable everywhere as a call for help.(能够发出求救信号往往能决定救援是否成功。声音信号，比如哨子发出的三声短促鸣响，比人的声音传播得更远，并且在任何地方都能被理解为求救信号)”以及后文“In a similar way, using a mirror or any shiny surface to flash sunlight can attract the attention of planes, while a fire that produces thick smoke by day or a bright flame by night acts as a strong visual signal.(同样地，利用镜子或任何反光的表面反射阳光能够引起飞机的注意，而白天产生浓烟或夜晚发出明亮火焰的火源则会形成强烈的视觉信号)”可知，本段围绕求救信号展开，前文提到“哨声三声短鸣作为求救信号，比人声传播更远且全球通用”，选项F“更重要的是，它们能传到呼喊声无法企及的区域”，用Also递进说明哨声信号的优势，且与后文“反光镜、烟火信号”的作用并列，符合语境。故选F。 Passage 6 （25-26高三上·山西太原·月考）Ten years ago, Jake Freed ran out of gas and was stuck outside of Yuma, Arizona on a summer night. 1 . He was surprised how quickly he got there and how effortless it was! 2 . This time, he wants to set the Guinness World Record for the longest distance traveled by skateboard. Since leaving his home state five weeks ago, he has already covered 1,400 miles. But to beat the record, he still has more than 6,000 miles to go. The current record is held by Robert Thompson, a New Zealander who covered 7,555 miles on a skateboard from Switzerland to Shanghai in 2008. 3 . He hopes to complete his own journey in five months or less. Guinness requires him to keep detailed records of his trip. He wears a satellite tracker on his back, carries two notebooks (one for his miles and the other for witnesses)and saves the receipts from every purchase made along the way. 4 . On top of his recording-keeping, Freed averages roughly 50 miles per day on his board. When asked what were the main challenges, he said, “The hardest part of the cross-country trek is not the traffic or the bad weather. 5 . A lot of times, I felt too bored and wanted to give up.” A．It is the boredom B．I have to focus on one push at a time C．Ten years later, the Arizona native is back on the road D．Additionally, he must take a two-minute video every hour E．To beat him, Freed has planned a journey of more than 8,000 miles F．Without any other options, he pulled out his skateboard and rode into the town G．When he really wanted to give up, he would think about the people supporting him 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．E 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jake Freed十年前因汽油耗尽而用滑板进入小镇，十年后他计划通过滑板旅行创造吉尼斯世界纪录的经历和挑战。 1．由上文“Ten years ago, Jake Freed ran out of gas and was stuck outside of Yuma, Arizona on a summer night.(十年前的一个夏夜，Jake Freed在亚利桑那州尤马市外耗尽了汽油，被困在了那里。)”及下文“He was surprised how quickly he got there and how effortless it was!(他很惊讶自己这么快就到了那里，而且毫不费力！)”可知，本空应说明他是如何到达那里的。F选项“Without any other options, he pulled out his skateboard and rode into the town(没有其他选择，他拿出滑板滑进了镇里)”能承上启下，符合题意，说明了他是通过滑板进入镇里的，且能引出下文他惊讶于自己到达的速度和轻松程度。故选F。 2．由上文“He was surprised how quickly he got there and how effortless it was!(他很惊讶自己这么快就到了那里，而且毫不费力！)”描述的Jake Freed十年前滑板进镇的经历及下文“This time, he wants to set the Guinness World Record for the longest distance traveled by skateboard.(这一次，他想创造滑板旅行最长距离的吉尼斯世界纪录。)”可知，本空应说明他又开始了滑板之旅。C选项“Ten years later, the Arizona native is back on the road(十年后，这位亚利桑那州人又上路了)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选C。 3．由上文“The current record is held by Robert Thompson, a New Zealander who covered 7,555 miles on a skateboard from Switzerland to Shanghai in 2008.(目前的纪录由新西兰人Robert Thompson保持，他在2008年用滑板从瑞士滑到了上海，行程7555英里。)”及下文“He hopes to complete his own journey in five months or less.(他希望在五个月或更短的时间内完成自己的旅程。)”可知，本空应说明Jake Freed为了打破纪录所做的计划。E选项“To beat him, Freed has planned a journey of more than 8,000 miles(为了打败他，Freed计划了一段超过8000英里的旅程)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 4．由上文“Guinness requires him to keep detailed records of his trip. He wears a satellite tracker on his back, carries two notebooks (one for his miles and the other for witnesses) and saves the receipts from every purchase made along the way.(吉尼斯要求他详细记录他的旅行。他背上背着一个卫星跟踪器，带着两个笔记本（一个记录里程，另一个给证人用），并保存沿途每一次购物的收据。)”可知，本空需补充吉尼斯对记录的其他要求，延续“详细记录”的话题。D选项“Additionally, he must take a two-minute video every hour(此外，他必须每小时拍摄一段两分钟的视频)”是对上文的补充说明，符合题意。故选D。 5．由上文“When asked what were the main challenges, he said, “The hardest part of the cross-country trek is not the traffic or the bad weather.(当被问及主要的挑战是什么时，他说:“这次越野旅行最困难的部分不是交通或恶劣天气。)”及下文“A lot of times, I felt too bored and wanted to give up.(很多时候，我都觉得太无聊了，想放弃。)”可知，本空应说明他认为最困难的部分是无聊。A选项“It is the boredom(是无聊)”能承上启下，说明他认为最困难的是无聊，符合题意。故选A。 Passage 7 （24-25高二上·江西宜春·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hiking tours are a kind of adventure tourism. Generally speaking, these vacations focus almost entirely 1 hiking from one place to another. Hiking tours can be regarded as a group activity or alone. There are many different ways of organizing hiking tours. Some people like to go out into the areas where there are very few people and travel over a long 2 (distant) from one place to another. They usually stay in hotels overnight before 3 (travel) to the next place on the following day. Guides can make hiking trips 4 (safe) and more focused. Some hikers prefer to take hiking tours without guides because of costs or because they want to challenge 5 (they). However, employing a reliable guide during a hiking tour 6 (consider) as a better choice for less experienced hikers. 7 activity can be very tiring, and those who are new to hiking may worry that they aren’t 8 (physical) able to finish the tours. Sometimes it can be helpful for people 9 (go) to the doctor and make sure 10 is safe for them to choose a difficult hike. Sometimes, a challenging hike can be deadly for someone having heart disease. 【答案】 1．on/upon 2．distance 3．travelling/traveling 4．safer 5．themselves 6．is considered 7．The 8．physically 9．to go 10．it 【导语】这是一篇说明文。徒步旅行是一种冒险旅游，文章对这项运动进行了介绍并提出了注意事项。 1．考查介词。句意：一般来说，这些假期几乎完全集中在徒步旅行从一个地方到另一个地方。focus on/upon意为“集中于”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。 2．考查名词。句意：有些人喜欢到人迹罕至的地方，从一个地方到另一个地方进行长途旅行。在介词over后应用名词单数distance表示“距离”作宾语，此处distance为可数名词。故填distance。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们通常在酒店过夜，第二天再前往下一个地方。在介词before后应用动名词作宾语。故填travelling/traveling。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：导游可以让徒步旅行更安全，更专注。根据more focused可知，此处应用形容词safe的比较级作宾语补足语。故填safer。 5．考查代词。句意：一些徒步旅行者更喜欢参加没有导游的徒步旅行，因为成本问题，或者因为他们想挑战自己。此处宾语和主语指代相同，所以应用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。 6．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，对于缺乏经验的徒步旅行者来说，在徒步旅行中雇佣可靠的向导是一个更好的选择。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时，动词consider意为“认为”，和主语构成被动语态，故使用一般现在时的被动语态，动名词作主语，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填is considered。 7．考查冠词。句意：这项活动可能会很累，那些刚开始徒步旅行的人可能会担心他们的身体无法完成旅行。此处特指hiking这项活动，使用定冠词，首字母应大写。故填The。 8．考查副词。句意：这项活动可能会很累，那些刚开始徒步旅行的人可能会担心他们的身体无法完成旅程。空处修饰形容词able，应用副词physically表示“身体上”，作状语。故填physically。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，人们去看医生，确保选择艰难的徒步是安全的，这是有帮助的。此处it作形式主语，应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to go。 10．考查it作形式主语。句意：同上。make sure后是省略that的宾语从句，此处to choose a difficult hike为真正的主语，应用it作形式主语。故填it。 Passage 8 （23-24高二下·福建龙岩·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I 1 (dream) of. However, when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 2 (qualify), so I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance. Later I 3 (discover) and Shackleton had to assign me to be 4 steward. The journey wasn’t very easy, for Endurance was stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton 5 (calm) told us to rescue our most essential supplies and he 6 (he) threw away all his gold. He allowed Hussey to keep his banjo, 7 made us surprised. We had been struggling for days, but things were going from bad to worse. Soon after we arrived at Elephant Island,Shackleton left us 8 (find) help. Sometimes we were able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. I tried to think of 9 (happy)things. I was grateful for Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern for others, their 10 (persevere), and their resolve filled me with hope. 【答案】 1．have been dreaming 2．qualified 3．was discovered 4．a 5．calmly 6．himself 7．which 8．to find 9．happier 10．perseverance 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。它主要讲述了一位年轻人梦想加入伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极的远征。尽管最初被拒绝，但他偷偷登上了沙克尔顿的船，最终参与了这次历险。 1．考查时态。句意：和伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士一起去南极探险——这是我一直以来梦寐以求的冒险。表示“从过去一直延续到现在的动作”应该使用现在完成进行时，主语为I，故填have been dreaming。 2．考查形容词。句意：然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不合格，所以我偷偷地登上了他的船——耐力号。需填入形容词作表语，需要的词义为“有资格的”，即qualified，故填qualified。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：后来我被发现了，沙克尔顿不得不派我去当一名服务员。根据句中的later以及I承受discover的动作可知，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为I，故填was discovered。 4．考查冠词。句意：后来我被发现了，沙克尔顿不得不派我去当一名服务员。steward为可数名词并且以辅音音素开头，因此使用不定冠词a，故填a。 5．考查副词。句意：在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地告诉我们要拯救我们最重要的物资，他亲手扔掉了他所有的金子。使用副词作状语修饰动词told，需要的词义为“平静地”，故填calmly。 6．考查反身代词。句意：在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地告诉我们要拯救我们最重要的物资，他亲手扔掉了他所有的金子。此处使用反身代词作he的同位语，故填himself。 7．考查定语从句。句意：他让赫西留着他的班卓琴，这让我们很吃惊。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，因此使用which引导定语从句，故填which。 8．考查动词不定式。句意：我们到达象岛后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去寻求帮助。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填to find。 9．考查比较级。句意：我试着去想一些更快乐的事情。根据前文的“我们到达象岛后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去寻求帮助。有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来吃。”可知，“我们的处境很艰难”，因此“我”会想着更快乐的事情以缓解焦虑，则使用形容词的比较级，故填happier。 10．考查名词。句意：我很感激弗兰克和欧内斯特对他人的真诚关怀，他们的毅力和决心让我充满了希望。此处使用名词作宾语，需要的词义为“毅力”，即perseverance，它为不可数名词，故填perseverance。 Passage 9 （25-26高二上·陕西渭南·月考）语法填空 Dead To Rights, a film set during the Nanjing Massacre (南京大屠杀), 1 (earn) over 400 million yuan in 2 (it) first three days since its release on Friday. The film, marking the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945), dominated daily charts and set the best opening-day record for a war film in the summer season over the past three years. Dead to Rights shows a group of Chinese civilians 3 (shelter) in a photo studio in Nanjing. While there, a Japanese military photographer asks them to develop his film, While carrying out his orders, they realize the negatives hold shocking proof of the widespread atrocities (恶行) the Japanese troops have committed. 4 (determine) to expose the truth, they secretly preserve the negatives and risk everything to smuggle them out, hoping the world will one day see the enormity (暴行) of what has taken place. Watching Dead To Rights was not a “pleasant” viewing experience — 5 was it meant to be. Set against the 1937 Nanjing Massacre, the film’s focus on Jixiang Photo Studio, a tiny refuge 6 ordinary people risked their lives to preserve evidence of atrocities (暴行), 7 (leave) me with a heavy yet profound mix of sorrow and awe. The film forces us 8 (confront) a painful truth: history must not be forgotten. The photos in the story are more than images — they are proof, a promise to the 9 (victim) that their suffering will not be erased. Remembering is not just an act of respect, but a 10 (responsible) to ensure such horrors never repeat. 【答案】 1．has earned 2．its 3．sheltering 4．Determined 5．nor 6．where 7．leaves 8．to confront 9．victims 10．responsibility 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电影《南京照相馆》以及对该电影的评价。 1．1.考查谓语动词。句意：《南京照相馆》是一部以南京大屠杀为背景的电影，自周五上映以来，头三天票房已突破4亿元。根据下文since its release on Friday可知，设空处应用现在完成时，强调动作从过去持续到现在并产生了结果，主语a film为单数。故填has earned。 2．考查代词。句意：《南京照相馆》是一部以南京大屠杀为背景的电影，自周五上映以来，头三天票房已突破4亿元。此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词first three days，指代电影。故填its。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：《南京照相馆》讲述了一群中国平民躲在南京的一家照相馆里的故事。show sb. doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“展现某人正在做某事”，此处表示电影展现平民正躲在照相馆里的场景，需用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填sheltering。 4．考查形容词。句意：他们决心揭露真相，于是偷偷保存底片，并冒着生命危险将其运送出去，希望有一天全世界都能了解所发生的暴行有多严重。根据下文句子主语是they，他们的状态是下定决心的，determine的形容词形式为determined，在句中作状语，且位于句首首字母需大写。故填Determined。 5．考查连词。句意：观看《南京照相馆》并非一次“愉快”的观影体验——它本就没想成为这样的体验。根据上文“Watching Dead To Rights was not a ‘pleasant’ viewing experience”是否定句，后半句was it meant to be是倒装结构，需用nor连接，译为“也不”，构成nor+助动词+主语的部分倒装语序。故填nor。 6．考查定语从句。句意：这部电影以1937年南京大屠杀为背景，聚焦“吉祥照相馆”——一个平民冒着生命危险保存暴行证据的小避难所，让我内心充满沉重却深刻的情感，既有悲痛，也有敬畏。设空处为定语从句，先行词a tiny refuge是地点，从句中不缺主谓宾，需用关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 7．考查谓语动词。句意：这部电影以1937年南京大屠杀为背景，聚焦“吉祥照相馆”——一个平民冒着生命危险保存暴行证据的小避难所，让我内心充满沉重却深刻的情感，既有悲痛，也有敬畏。该句主语the film’s focus是单数名词，时态为一般现在时讲述电影的内容和影响，需用第三人称单数。故填leaves。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影迫使我们直面一个痛苦的事实：历史不容遗忘。force sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“迫使某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。故填to confront。 9．考查名词。句意：故事中的照片不只是影像——它们是证据，是对受害者的承诺：他们所承受的苦难不会被抹去。victim是可数名词，此处指代南京大屠杀中的众多受害者，在句中作介词to的宾语，需用复数形式。故填victims。 10．考查名词。句意：铭记历史不仅是一种尊重，更是一种责任——确保这样的恐怖永远不再重演。空前有不定冠词a，需用名词形式，responsible的名词形式为responsibility。故填responsibility。 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $