Unit 4 Space Exploration 航天与航空（话题阅读精练）英语人教版必修第三册

Unit 4 Space Exploration航天与航空 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元主题是“航天与航空” 主题词汇积累 1. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. space 太空 3. universe 宇宙 4. galaxy 星系 5. planet 行星 6. star 恒星 7. solar system 太阳系 8. orbit 轨道 9. gravity 重力 10. rocket 火箭 11. spaceship 宇宙飞船 12. spacecraft 航天器；宇宙飞船 13. satellite 卫星 14. station 空间站 15. launch 发射 16. explore 探索 17. exploration 探索 18. astronaut 宇航员 19. mission 任务 20. flight 飞行 21. land 登陆 22. manned 载人的 23. send…into… 把…… 送入 24. take off 起飞 25. circle 环绕 26. travel 旅行；行进 27. reach 到达 28. land on 登陆 29. walk in space 太空行走 30. conduct experiments 做实验 31. collect data 收集数据 32. carry out 执行 33. technology 技术 34. equipment 设备 35. engine 引擎 36. module 舱；模块 37. spacesuit 航天服 38. oxygen 氧气 39. energy 能量 40. power 动力 41. signal 信号 42. communicate 通讯 43. telescope 望远镜 时文拓展阅读 Space exploration has long been a dream of humankind. For hundreds of years, we have looked up at the night sky, wondering about stars, planets, and the mysteries of the universe. In the past century, rapid development in science and technology has turned this dream into reality. Rockets, spacecraft, and satellites have carried humans and robots far beyond Earth’s atmosphere, unlocking amazing secrets of space. Today, space programs focus on several key goals: discovering new worlds, searching for signs of life, conducting scientific experiments, and building long-term bases in space. The International Space Station (ISS) has been a perfect example of international cooperation, where astronauts from different countries live and work together for months. Many countries have also sent probes to the Moon, Mars, and other planets, collecting valuable data and samples. Space exploration is not easy. It requires great courage, advanced technology, and strong teamwork. Astronauts face high risks, including weightlessness, radiation, and extreme temperatures. However, the advantages are huge. New materials and inventions first designed for space are now widely used in daily life, improving medicine, communication, and environmental protection. Looking ahead, humans plan to return to the Moon and even send people to Mars in the near future. With more countries and private companies joining the effort, space exploration will continue to push the limits of knowledge. It reminds us that curiosity and creativity can take us anywhere, even to the stars. 【译文欣赏】 太空探索一直是人类的梦想。数百年来，我们仰望夜空，好奇着恒星、行星以及宇宙的奥秘。在过去的一个世纪里，科技的飞速发展让这一梦想变成了现实。火箭、航天器和卫星将人类与机器人送到地球大气层之外，揭开了太空惊人的秘密。 如今，太空计划主要聚焦于几个关键目标：发现新世界、寻找生命迹象、开展科学实验，以及在太空建立长期基地。国际空间站（ISS）就是国际合作的典范，来自不同国家的宇航员在那里共同生活和工作数月之久。许多国家还向月球、火星和其他行星发射了探测器，收集珍贵的数据和样本。 太空探索并非易事。它需要巨大的勇气、先进的技术和强大的团队合作。宇航员面临着巨大的风险，包括失重、辐射和极端温度。然而，它带来的益处是巨大的。最初为太空设计的新材料和新发明如今广泛应用于日常生活，改善了医疗、通讯和环保领域。 展望未来，人类计划重返月球，并在不久的将来将人类送上火星。随着越来越多的国家和私营企业加入其中，太空探索将不断突破知识的边界。它提醒我们：好奇心和创造力可以带我们去往任何地方，甚至奔赴星辰。 【词汇积累】 1. 2. space exploration 太空探索 3. humankind 人类 4. mystery 奥秘 5. universe 宇宙 6. technology 技术 7. reality 现实 8. spacecraft 航天器 9. satellite 卫星 10. atmosphere 大气层 11. probe 探测器 12. astronaut 宇航员 13. cooperation 合作 14. weightlessness 失重 15. radiation 辐射 16. sample 样本 17. data 数据 18. private company 私营企业 19. curiosity 好奇心 20. creativity 创造力 21. push the limit 突破极限 高考真题链接 （2024·北京·高考真题）The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 1．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 2．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 3．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 4．It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 句 1（介词短语并列 + 对比结构） 原句：And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation?” 结构：① 主句：we can shift our inquiry from… to…（我们可以把探究从…… 转向……）② 并列对比结构：两个问句形成话题转换 翻译：然后，我们可以把探究从 “宇宙是不是计算机模拟？” 转向 “我们能否把宇宙建模成计算机模拟？” 句 2（让步状语从句 + 同位语从句） 原句：While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. 结构：① 让步状语从句：While he held the notion…（虽然他持有这样的观点）② 同位语从句：that objective reality exists（解释说明 notion）③ 主句：our mind plays a necessary role in…（我们的大脑在…… 方面起重要作用） 翻译：虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他提出，我们的大脑在构建和塑造感知方面起着不可或缺的作用。 句 3（条件状语从句 + 原因状语从句 + 定语从句） 原句：If empirical experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. 结构：① 条件状语从句：If empirical experience fails to reveal reality（如果实证经验无法揭示现实）② 主句：reasoning won’t reveal reality either（推理也无法揭示现实）③ 原因状语从句：since it relies on concepts and words（因为它依赖于概念和词语）④ 定语从句：that are contingent on… histories（修饰 concepts and words） 翻译：如果实证经验无法揭示现实，推理也无法揭示现实，因为推理所依赖的概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历程。 1. notion 观点，看法 2. simulation 模拟 3. hypothesis 假说 4. universe 宇宙 5. objective 客观的 6. reality 现实 7. perception 感知 8. reveal 揭示 9. empirical 实证的 10. reasoning 推理 11. contingent on 取决于 12. inquiry 探究 13. model 建模；模型 14. facilitate 促进 15. comprehension 理解 16. metaphor 隐喻 17. computation 计算 18. insightful 有洞察力的 19. rewarding 有益的，有价值的 20. advance 推动，促进 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 文章介绍了首位在国际空间站长期生活工作的黑人女性杰西卡・沃特金斯，讲述她的航天梦想、训练过程、太空任务，并强调国际合作对太空探索的重要意义。 Passage2 阅读理解 研究表明，太空微重力会导致宇航员大脑脑室扩大，任务时间越长扩张越明显，且需要约三年才能恢复正常，为长期太空任务带来重要启示。 Passage3 阅读理解 讲述 Zoe Chen 因观看神舟飞船发射立志投身航天，通过刻苦学习、参与实践、克服困难，最终在全国青少年科技竞赛中获奖，诠释坚持与努力的意义。 Passage4 阅读理解 介绍了一款轻便、高效的新型天文望远镜 eVscope，它让普通民众也能参与天文观测，助力小行星监测，推动太空探索大众化。 Passage5 七选五 回顾 20 世纪以来人类太空探索历程，介绍苏联、美国、中国的重大航天成就与事故，展现航天事业的艰难发展，并展望未来探索前景。 Passage6 七选五 介绍了未来商业化太空旅行项目，包括绕月旅行、太空酒店、短途太空体验等，展现太空旅游从梦想逐步走向现实的发展趋势。 Passage7 语法填空 四只实验鼠随神舟飞船进入中国空间站完成科学任务，科学家通过观测其行为，研究太空环境对生物的影响，为人类长期驻留太空提供数据。 Passage8 语法填空 梳理中国航天从古代火箭到天宫空间站的发展历程，介绍重要成就、国际合作及未来探月计划，展现中国航天的快速进步。 Passage9 语法填空 介绍天宫空间站的结构、功能、科学实验与太空授课活动，并展望中国载人登月、深空探测及国际合作的未来规划。 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖北恩施·期末）Jessica Watkins is the first Black woman to live and work on the International Space Station (ISS). After a program at Sally Ride elementary School, young Jessica Watkins realized what she wanted to do when she grew up: study the geology (地质学) of other planets. Then, at 33 years old, Watkins trained for a mission to do just that. This April, Watkins became the first Black woman to live and work on the ISS for an extended task. She arrived there onboard a SpaceX capsule (太空舱) and then would spend six months on the ISS as part of a program called Artemis, a multi-billion-dollar effort designed to return humans to the surface of the moon in 2025. Watkins would cover a lot of ground on her mission: earth and space science, biological science and human research into things like the effects of long spaceflight for humans. Over the course of her six-month mission, Watkins would also observe and photograph geological changes on Earth. Before her journey, Watkins said she had done training on the systems of the International Space Station and how to fix anything if it isn’t working properly. She had also practiced walking in space by wearing a large white suit in an underwater ISS model that’s housed in a giant pool. Watkins said the journey to space has wide-ranging significance on everything from medical research “with direct impacts (影响) into our daily lives,” to international cooperation. “We are all coming together to accomplish this really hard thing that none of us would be able to do on our own,” Watkins said, “I think that is just such a beautiful picture of what we can all do if we come together and put all of our resources and skill sets together.” 1．What was Jessica Watkins’ dream at school? A．Researching the space. B．Starting a program about space. C．Studying the geology of the earth. D．Living and working on the ISS. 2．What’s the purpose of Artemis? A．To help Watkins realize her dream. B．To bring humans back to the moon. C．To train Watkins to work on the ISS. D．To spend the multi-billion dollars properly. 3．How did Watkins prepare for her task? A．She covered a lot of ground like space science. B．She observed and photographed changes on Earth. C．She learned how to fix anything that might go wrong. D．She practiced walking in space by walking in a giant pool. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Watkins will finish her task on her own. B．The journey to space is too hard to achieve. C．Watkins thinks highly of the journey to space. D．The cooperation of countries means little to the task. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·安徽阜阳·期末）While in space, fluid-filled areas in the brains of astronauts fit in with microgravity by expanding (扩大). But after a space task, these structures might take three years to go back to normal, researchers report. At the brain’s center sit four ventricles (脑室) filled with liquid that protects the organ and clears out waste. But with little gravity in space, fluids increase in an astronaut’s head. So the ventricles take in more fluid and expand, says space scientist Rachael Seidler of the University of Florida. Researchers knew that astronauts often return to Earth with enlarged ventricles. But Seidler and colleagues wanted to see if time spent in space or time between two flights affects how much the brain changes during a space task. The team examined MRI (核磁共振) brain scans of 30 astronauts from before and after one of each astronaut’s tasks. Results showed that the longer the task, the more the ventricles seemed to expand. While two-week trips left a minimal mark on ventricles, 6 and 12-month missions resulted in more discernible enlargement. The two longer periods led to similar amounts of expansion, suggesting the expanding slows after six months in space. For the 18 astronauts who had flown before, time between tasks also made a difference. In those who last visited space three to nine years before, their ventricles expanded during the task. But ventricles grew little to none in astronauts whose last spaceflight took place less than three years before, which suggests their brains may not have had enough time between tasks to fully recover, the scientists say. “I’m glad that the researchers are looking at this question,” says neuroradiologist Donna Roberts of the Medical University of South Carolina. “There are so many variables that could play into the brain changes that we’re seeing.” Spaceflight’s effects on the brain are even more pressing now that NASA aims to send people to Mars, which could be a two-year round trip, she notes. “Everybody talks about the rocket technology to get to Mars, but the humans are the real difficult task.” 1．What happens to their brains when astronauts go into space? A．Their waste increases. B．Their liquid flows faster. C．Their memory areas expand. D．Their ventricles become larger. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “discernible” in paragraph 4? A．Acceptable. B．Controllable. C．Noticeable. D．Dependable. 3．What does Donna think of sending people to Mars? A．It’s pressing. B．It makes her glad. C．It’s challenging. D．It has proven technology. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Human brains function better in microgravity B．Astronauts need longer time between flights C．Spaceflights become more popular and pressing D．Space exploration faces technological challenges Passage 3 （25-26高一上·江苏扬州·期末）17-year-old Zoe Chen has had a strong interest in space exploration since her early childhood. At the age of 8, she watched the launch of China’s Shenzhou spacecraft on TV with her family. The amazing scene of the rocket rising into the deep blue sky deeply touched her, and she immediately made up her mind to devote herself to the field of aerospace (航空航天) science. Unlike many teenagers of her age who lost themselves in smartphones, computers and video games in their spare time, Zoe spent most weekends visiting local science museums, reading books about astronomy and rocket technology, and even taking detailed notes to figure out key knowledge and ask her science teacher for professional advice. To realize her dream, Zoe worked very hard at school every day. She focused on improving her grades in physics and mathematics, which are indispensable for aerospace research. She also joined her school’s science club, where she worked closely with teammates to do small experiments, repeatedly adjusting (调整) experimental factors and solving unexpected problems to get valuable practical experience. In 2024, she and her team spent three months carefully designing a model rocket that could reach 500 meters, getting over difficulties such as material shortages and structural defects (结构性缺陷), finally winning first prize in a national youth science competition. Her design was highly praised by judges for its creativity and practicality, as it mixed simple and easy-to-get materials with exact structural design. When asked about her future plans in an interview, Zoe said, “I want to study aerospace engineering in a top college and contribute to China’s space program one day. No dream is too big as long as you keep working hard for it.” Her story not only inspires her classmates to follow their own interests and actively join the school’s science club but also shows that young people can make a real difference with continuous effort and honest devotion to their goals. 1．Why did Zoe decide to study aerospace science? A．She was a role model of her classmates. B．She was inspired by Shenzhou’s launch. C．She aimed to win national science contests. D．She was encouraged by her science teacher. 2．What does the underlined word in paragraph 3 probably means? A．Unnecessary. B．Difficult. C．Important. D．Interesting. 3．Why did Zoe’s model win the prize in 2024? A．It could fly as high as 500 meters. B．It brought fresh ideas to rocket design. C．It combines new and old materials. D．It solves problems in operating rockets. 4．What can we learn from Zoe’s story? A．Devotion as well as luck helps to live one’s dreams. B．Building dreams requires spare time and energy. C．Continuous hard work is key to achieving dreams. D．Scientific dreams are within reach of talented youths. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·安徽·期末）There are quite a lot of asteroids (行星) in space, which come in small sizes. They are usually too dark to see clearly. However, when they fly very close to Earth, tracking them in time becomes very important. We usually find them just a few hours or days before they get closest. And if we do not keep watching them, we can lose track of them almost immediately. Not long ago, scientists found one such asteroid — not with a huge telescope (望远镜), but with a new type of small telescope that can be carried in a bag. The scientists took the telescope into a desert in Oman and collected the key data (数据) with it. Behind the telescope is a man called Franck Marchis, who works at the SETI Institute. His daily job includes using some of the world’s largest telescopes. He designed eVscope with other scientists from Unistellar to encourage more citizen scientists to join in astronomy (天文学). The organization’s goal is to make astronomy more popular among common people. Thanks to technological progress, eVscope has the same power as a room-sized telescope but is much easier to use. When you choose a target to watch, it uses a star database as a map to find the target. The telescope has a special part for dark skies. It takes lots of pictures of the same position and puts them together. This makes dark stars easier to see. People using the telescope can then share what they find with researchers. The system can also send notices to users when something interesting appears in the sky, such as a new comet or a star explosion (supernova). All the observations from different users can be put together to create a better picture. An AI program can then look for unexpected things, like asteroids moving towards Earth. In this way, common people who love science can play an important role in this new age of space discovery. 1．What can we learn about asteroids from paragraph 1? A．They can be tracked without difficulty. B．Scientists haven’t taken them seriously. C．They are hardly observable due to their small sizes. D．Timely tracking is necessary when they get near to Earth. 2．What is Marchis’ purpose in designing eVscope? A．To collect information about deserts. B．To make astronomy more accessible. C．To help his team get more attention. D．To compete with others working in astronomy. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards eVscope? A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Positive. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Asteroids Get Closer to Earth B．A Great Scientist at the SETI Institute C．A New Telescope Brings Space Discovery to Everyone D．The Importance of Telescopes in Modern Astronomy Passage 5 （25-26高一上·河北保定·期末）SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER “Are we alone? What’s out there?” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries. 1 Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true. However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. 2 On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon. Following this, there were many more important space achievements. 3 For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecrafts died during their missions. However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, 4 . China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly furthering our understanding of the universe. 5 Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future. A．Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. B．They decided to put off the work of exploring space. C．The future of space exploration remains bright. D．After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity. E．but it has made great progress in a short time F．China has invested too much in space exploration. G．Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life. Passage 6 （25-26高一上·四川成都·期中）Have you ever dreamed of traveling to space? With many developments in space travel, you may soon be able to book a ticket. The International Space Station (ISS) welcomed the first all-private team of astronauts on April 9. The four-man team made a flight praised by NASA as a milestone (里程碑) in space travel. 1 Let’s take a look. Fly me to the moon Japanese businessman Yusaku Maezawa, 46, has invited eight members of the public to join him for a trip around the moon with the help of Elon Musk’s SpaceX company. 2 Finally, it will spend another three days returning. The rocket’s flight path means it will go beyond the distance traveled by the US Apollo programs. The project, called DearMoon, is scheduled for 2023. Living in space hotel Instead of pushing yourself into a small space cabin, how about enjoying your time in a hotel? 3 It is expected to have restaurants, cinemas and rooms for up to 400 guests. Developed by a US company, the space station will be a round structure. 4 It is similar to the gravity (重力) found on the face of the moon. Short space trip While some people may like to stay in space for a long time, others may prefer to simply have a taste. Tickets for a 90-minute journey have been on sale to the public since Feb 16. 5 The private space tourist flights are planned to start later this year. A．The team will enjoy the views of Earth. B．It will rotate (旋转) to create man-made gravity. C．The short space trip has been attractive to some people. D．There are also many other space travel choices available. E．It will take the team three days to fly to the moon and then orbit. F．The world’s first space hotel is planned to start to be built in 2025. G．Many countries are developing their own rockets for scientific research. Passage 7 （25-26高一上·浙江杭州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式）。 Have you ever wondered what it’s like to be a mouse in space? Recently, four special mice completed 1 extraordinary mission aboard China’s space station alongside the Shenzhou-XXI astronaut crew. Far from ordinary lab mice, these little pioneers were carefully selected 2 a series of fun but challenging tests. The first stage assessed physical 3 (fit), with the mice 4 (place) on a specially designed “exercise bike”, 5 they had to maintain their position for a set duration. The next challenge focused on motion sickness resistance. Using a two-dimensional rotating (旋转) device, researchers helped the mice adapt to conditions that could cause s space motion sickness. Ultimately, the four best-performing mice earned their “boarding 6 (pass)” to space. Inside the space station, the mice lived in a specially designed home with comfortable temperatures and cozy shelter nests. Cameras showed them actively climbing, eating space food, and curiously 7 (explore) their new environment —floating included! These tiny astronauts are helping scientists understand 8 living in space affects living beings. Since mice share many genes with humans, studying their adaptation in space brings us closer to answering big questions: Can humans live in space for a long time? How does zero gravity change our bodies? After their space mission, the mice 9 (return) safely to Earth, bringing back 10 (value) data. Passage 8 （25-26高一上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）阅读材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)，或括号内单词的正确形式。 The history of space exploration in China dates back 1 900 A．D．, when Chinese scientists pioneered the first basic rockets. Although China did not participate in the space race of the mid-20th century, the country had begun aiming at space travel by 2 late 1950s. And the China National Space Administration (CNSA) 3 (found) in 1988. In 2003, Yang Liwei made history as the first Chinese astronaut 4 (travel) into space. The journey made China the third country in the world to send a human into space and 5 (safe) return them to Earth. Today, China is among the major 6 (player) in the worldwide space exploration effort. So far, the CNSA has sent both orbital and lander missions (任务) to the Moon’s surface, sending back valuable information on the lunar terrains (月球地形). Sample return missions and a possible crewed visit 7 (follow) in the years to come. It’s common for countries to work together in space exploration, 8 helps reduce costs and brings various countries together to break technological barriers. China is interested in 9 (participate) in international agreements for future explorations. It currently partners with the European Space Agency to build a human 10 (settle) on the Moon. Passage 9 （25-26高一上·安徽·月考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s space exploration program has made remarkable progress in recent years, with the Tiangong space station being a key milestone. Since its first module was launched in 2021, Tiangong 1 (serve) as a home for Chinese astronauts, allowing them to carry out scientific experiments in orbit. The station’s design shows great creativity. It 2 (make) up of three main modules, each with special functions. For example, the Wentian module focuses on life science research, while the Mengtian module is used 3 (test) new space technologies. These modules work together smoothly, making Tiangong one of the most advanced space stations in the world. Astronauts on Tiangong also connect with people on Earth 4 (regular). They host live classes, sharing interesting space knowledge with students. In 2023, astronaut Wang Yaping gave a lesson from the station, 5 inspired millions of young people to become interested in space science. China’s space dream doesn’t stop here. By 2030, the country will have sent its first crewed mission to the moon. This mission will help scientists learn more about the moon’s surface and 6 (resource). Moreover, China plans to work with other countries on deep-space exploration, building a 7 (share) future for human spaceflight. The success of China’s space program lies 8 the hard work of thousands of scientists. Their 9 (devote) and expertise have turned impossible dreams into reality. Every launch, every experiment, and every step forward proves China’s ability to contribute to human’s exploration of the universe. For anyone who looks up at the night sky, Tiangong is not just a space station — it’s a symbol of hope,   10 (show) that humans can achieve great things with teamwork and persistence. 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Space Exploration航天与航空 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元主题是“航天与航空” 主题词汇积累 1. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. space 太空 3. universe 宇宙 4. galaxy 星系 5. planet 行星 6. star 恒星 7. solar system 太阳系 8. orbit 轨道 9. gravity 重力 10. rocket 火箭 11. spaceship 宇宙飞船 12. spacecraft 航天器；宇宙飞船 13. satellite 卫星 14. station 空间站 15. launch 发射 16. explore 探索 17. exploration 探索 18. astronaut 宇航员 19. mission 任务 20. flight 飞行 21. land 登陆 22. manned 载人的 23. send…into… 把…… 送入 24. take off 起飞 25. circle 环绕 26. travel 旅行；行进 27. reach 到达 28. land on 登陆 29. walk in space 太空行走 30. conduct experiments 做实验 31. collect data 收集数据 32. carry out 执行 33. technology 技术 34. equipment 设备 35. engine 引擎 36. module 舱；模块 37. spacesuit 航天服 38. oxygen 氧气 39. energy 能量 40. power 动力 41. signal 信号 42. communicate 通讯 43. telescope 望远镜 时文拓展阅读 Space exploration has long been a dream of humankind. For hundreds of years, we have looked up at the night sky, wondering about stars, planets, and the mysteries of the universe. In the past century, rapid development in science and technology has turned this dream into reality. Rockets, spacecraft, and satellites have carried humans and robots far beyond Earth’s atmosphere, unlocking amazing secrets of space. Today, space programs focus on several key goals: discovering new worlds, searching for signs of life, conducting scientific experiments, and building long-term bases in space. The International Space Station (ISS) has been a perfect example of international cooperation, where astronauts from different countries live and work together for months. Many countries have also sent probes to the Moon, Mars, and other planets, collecting valuable data and samples. Space exploration is not easy. It requires great courage, advanced technology, and strong teamwork. Astronauts face high risks, including weightlessness, radiation, and extreme temperatures. However, the advantages are huge. New materials and inventions first designed for space are now widely used in daily life, improving medicine, communication, and environmental protection. Looking ahead, humans plan to return to the Moon and even send people to Mars in the near future. With more countries and private companies joining the effort, space exploration will continue to push the limits of knowledge. It reminds us that curiosity and creativity can take us anywhere, even to the stars. 【译文欣赏】 太空探索一直是人类的梦想。数百年来，我们仰望夜空，好奇着恒星、行星以及宇宙的奥秘。在过去的一个世纪里，科技的飞速发展让这一梦想变成了现实。火箭、航天器和卫星将人类与机器人送到地球大气层之外，揭开了太空惊人的秘密。 如今，太空计划主要聚焦于几个关键目标：发现新世界、寻找生命迹象、开展科学实验，以及在太空建立长期基地。国际空间站（ISS）就是国际合作的典范，来自不同国家的宇航员在那里共同生活和工作数月之久。许多国家还向月球、火星和其他行星发射了探测器，收集珍贵的数据和样本。 太空探索并非易事。它需要巨大的勇气、先进的技术和强大的团队合作。宇航员面临着巨大的风险，包括失重、辐射和极端温度。然而，它带来的益处是巨大的。最初为太空设计的新材料和新发明如今广泛应用于日常生活，改善了医疗、通讯和环保领域。 展望未来，人类计划重返月球，并在不久的将来将人类送上火星。随着越来越多的国家和私营企业加入其中，太空探索将不断突破知识的边界。它提醒我们：好奇心和创造力可以带我们去往任何地方，甚至奔赴星辰。 【词汇积累】 1. 2. space exploration 太空探索 3. humankind 人类 4. mystery 奥秘 5. universe 宇宙 6. technology 技术 7. reality 现实 8. spacecraft 航天器 9. satellite 卫星 10. atmosphere 大气层 11. probe 探测器 12. astronaut 宇航员 13. cooperation 合作 14. weightlessness 失重 15. radiation 辐射 16. sample 样本 17. data 数据 18. private company 私营企业 19. curiosity 好奇心 20. creativity 创造力 21. push the limit 突破极限 高考真题链接 （2024·北京·高考真题）The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 1．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 2．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 3．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 4．It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。 句 1（介词短语并列 + 对比结构） 原句：And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation?” 结构：① 主句：we can shift our inquiry from… to…（我们可以把探究从…… 转向……）② 并列对比结构：两个问句形成话题转换 翻译：然后，我们可以把探究从 “宇宙是不是计算机模拟？” 转向 “我们能否把宇宙建模成计算机模拟？” 句 2（让步状语从句 + 同位语从句） 原句：While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. 结构：① 让步状语从句：While he held the notion…（虽然他持有这样的观点）② 同位语从句：that objective reality exists（解释说明 notion）③ 主句：our mind plays a necessary role in…（我们的大脑在…… 方面起重要作用） 翻译：虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他提出，我们的大脑在构建和塑造感知方面起着不可或缺的作用。 句 3（条件状语从句 + 原因状语从句 + 定语从句） 原句：If empirical experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. 结构：① 条件状语从句：If empirical experience fails to reveal reality（如果实证经验无法揭示现实）② 主句：reasoning won’t reveal reality either（推理也无法揭示现实）③ 原因状语从句：since it relies on concepts and words（因为它依赖于概念和词语）④ 定语从句：that are contingent on… histories（修饰 concepts and words） 翻译：如果实证经验无法揭示现实，推理也无法揭示现实，因为推理所依赖的概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历程。 1. notion 观点，看法 2. simulation 模拟 3. hypothesis 假说 4. universe 宇宙 5. objective 客观的 6. reality 现实 7. perception 感知 8. reveal 揭示 9. empirical 实证的 10. reasoning 推理 11. contingent on 取决于 12. inquiry 探究 13. model 建模；模型 14. facilitate 促进 15. comprehension 理解 16. metaphor 隐喻 17. computation 计算 18. insightful 有洞察力的 19. rewarding 有益的，有价值的 20. advance 推动，促进 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 文章介绍了首位在国际空间站长期生活工作的黑人女性杰西卡・沃特金斯，讲述她的航天梦想、训练过程、太空任务，并强调国际合作对太空探索的重要意义。 Passage2 阅读理解 研究表明，太空微重力会导致宇航员大脑脑室扩大，任务时间越长扩张越明显，且需要约三年才能恢复正常，为长期太空任务带来重要启示。 Passage3 阅读理解 讲述 Zoe Chen 因观看神舟飞船发射立志投身航天，通过刻苦学习、参与实践、克服困难，最终在全国青少年科技竞赛中获奖，诠释坚持与努力的意义。 Passage4 阅读理解 介绍了一款轻便、高效的新型天文望远镜 eVscope，它让普通民众也能参与天文观测，助力小行星监测，推动太空探索大众化。 Passage5 七选五 回顾 20 世纪以来人类太空探索历程，介绍苏联、美国、中国的重大航天成就与事故，展现航天事业的艰难发展，并展望未来探索前景。 Passage6 七选五 介绍了未来商业化太空旅行项目，包括绕月旅行、太空酒店、短途太空体验等，展现太空旅游从梦想逐步走向现实的发展趋势。 Passage7 语法填空 四只实验鼠随神舟飞船进入中国空间站完成科学任务，科学家通过观测其行为，研究太空环境对生物的影响，为人类长期驻留太空提供数据。 Passage8 语法填空 梳理中国航天从古代火箭到天宫空间站的发展历程，介绍重要成就、国际合作及未来探月计划，展现中国航天的快速进步。 Passage9 语法填空 介绍天宫空间站的结构、功能、科学实验与太空授课活动，并展望中国载人登月、深空探测及国际合作的未来规划。 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖北恩施·期末）Jessica Watkins is the first Black woman to live and work on the International Space Station (ISS). After a program at Sally Ride elementary School, young Jessica Watkins realized what she wanted to do when she grew up: study the geology (地质学) of other planets. Then, at 33 years old, Watkins trained for a mission to do just that. This April, Watkins became the first Black woman to live and work on the ISS for an extended task. She arrived there onboard a SpaceX capsule (太空舱) and then would spend six months on the ISS as part of a program called Artemis, a multi-billion-dollar effort designed to return humans to the surface of the moon in 2025. Watkins would cover a lot of ground on her mission: earth and space science, biological science and human research into things like the effects of long spaceflight for humans. Over the course of her six-month mission, Watkins would also observe and photograph geological changes on Earth. Before her journey, Watkins said she had done training on the systems of the International Space Station and how to fix anything if it isn’t working properly. She had also practiced walking in space by wearing a large white suit in an underwater ISS model that’s housed in a giant pool. Watkins said the journey to space has wide-ranging significance on everything from medical research “with direct impacts (影响) into our daily lives,” to international cooperation. “We are all coming together to accomplish this really hard thing that none of us would be able to do on our own,” Watkins said, “I think that is just such a beautiful picture of what we can all do if we come together and put all of our resources and skill sets together.” 1．What was Jessica Watkins’ dream at school? A．Researching the space. B．Starting a program about space. C．Studying the geology of the earth. D．Living and working on the ISS. 2．What’s the purpose of Artemis? A．To help Watkins realize her dream. B．To bring humans back to the moon. C．To train Watkins to work on the ISS. D．To spend the multi-billion dollars properly. 3．How did Watkins prepare for her task? A．She covered a lot of ground like space science. B．She observed and photographed changes on Earth. C．She learned how to fix anything that might go wrong. D．She practiced walking in space by walking in a giant pool. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Watkins will finish her task on her own. B．The journey to space is too hard to achieve. C．Watkins thinks highly of the journey to space. D．The cooperation of countries means little to the task. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了杰西卡·沃特金斯成为首位在国际空间站长期生活和工作的黑人女性，并介绍了她的任务、准备及对太空之旅的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“After a program at Sally Ride elementary School, young Jessica Watkins realized what she wanted to do when she grew up: study the geology (地质学) of other planets.(在萨莉·莱德小学的一个项目之后，年轻的杰西卡·沃特金斯意识到自己长大后想做什么：研究其他行星的地质学。)”可知，杰西卡·沃特金斯在学校的梦想是研究其他行星的地质学，也就是研究太空。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“She arrived there onboard a SpaceX capsule (太空舱) and then would spend six months on the ISS as part of a program called Artemis, a multi-billion-dollar effort designed to return humans to the surface of the moon in 2025.(她乘坐SpaceX太空舱抵达那里，然后将在国际空间站度过六个月，这是一个名为“阿尔忒弥斯”的项目的一部分，该项目耗资数十亿美元，旨在让人类在2025年重返月球表面。)”可知，该项目的目的是让人类重返月球。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Before her journey, Watkins said she had done training on the systems of the International Space Station and how to fix anything if it isn’t working properly.(在她的旅程之前，沃特金斯说她已经接受了关于国际空间站系统的培训，以及如果任何东西不能正常工作如何修复它。)”可知，沃特金斯为她的任务做了准备，她学习了如何修复任何可能出错的东西。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Watkins said the journey to space has wide-ranging significance on everything from medical research “with direct impacts (影响) into our daily lives,” to international cooperation.(沃特金斯说，太空之旅对从“对我们的日常生活有直接影响”的医学研究到国际合作的一切都具有广泛的意义。)”以及“I think that is just such a beautiful picture of what we can all do if we come together and put all of our resources and skill sets together.(我认为，如果我们团结起来，把我们所有的资源和技能集合在一起，这就是一幅美丽的画面，展示了我们所能做到的一切。)”可推知，沃特金斯对太空之旅评价很高。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·安徽阜阳·期末）While in space, fluid-filled areas in the brains of astronauts fit in with microgravity by expanding (扩大). But after a space task, these structures might take three years to go back to normal, researchers report. At the brain’s center sit four ventricles (脑室) filled with liquid that protects the organ and clears out waste. But with little gravity in space, fluids increase in an astronaut’s head. So the ventricles take in more fluid and expand, says space scientist Rachael Seidler of the University of Florida. Researchers knew that astronauts often return to Earth with enlarged ventricles. But Seidler and colleagues wanted to see if time spent in space or time between two flights affects how much the brain changes during a space task. The team examined MRI (核磁共振) brain scans of 30 astronauts from before and after one of each astronaut’s tasks. Results showed that the longer the task, the more the ventricles seemed to expand. While two-week trips left a minimal mark on ventricles, 6 and 12-month missions resulted in more discernible enlargement. The two longer periods led to similar amounts of expansion, suggesting the expanding slows after six months in space. For the 18 astronauts who had flown before, time between tasks also made a difference. In those who last visited space three to nine years before, their ventricles expanded during the task. But ventricles grew little to none in astronauts whose last spaceflight took place less than three years before, which suggests their brains may not have had enough time between tasks to fully recover, the scientists say. “I’m glad that the researchers are looking at this question,” says neuroradiologist Donna Roberts of the Medical University of South Carolina. “There are so many variables that could play into the brain changes that we’re seeing.” Spaceflight’s effects on the brain are even more pressing now that NASA aims to send people to Mars, which could be a two-year round trip, she notes. “Everybody talks about the rocket technology to get to Mars, but the humans are the real difficult task.” 1．What happens to their brains when astronauts go into space? A．Their waste increases. B．Their liquid flows faster. C．Their memory areas expand. D．Their ventricles become larger. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “discernible” in paragraph 4? A．Acceptable. B．Controllable. C．Noticeable. D．Dependable. 3．What does Donna think of sending people to Mars? A．It’s pressing. B．It makes her glad. C．It’s challenging. D．It has proven technology. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Human brains function better in microgravity B．Astronauts need longer time between flights C．Spaceflights become more popular and pressing D．Space exploration faces technological challenges 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现宇航员太空受微重力影响脑室会扩大，任务越久扩大越明显且六月后增速放缓，脑室恢复需三年，短于三年复飞则几乎不再扩大，这为火星载人飞行提出挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“While in space, fluid-filled areas in the brains of astronauts fit in with microgravity by expanding (扩大).( 在太空环境中，宇航员大脑中的液体区域会因微重力作用而膨胀。)”以及第二段“At the brain’s center sit four ventricles (脑室) filled with liquid that protects the organ and clears out waste. But with little gravity in space, fluids increase in an astronaut’s head. So the ventricles take in more fluid and expand, says space scientist Rachael Seidler of the University of Florida.( 大脑的中心有四个充满液体的腔室，这些液体负责保护大脑并清除废物。但在太空中，由于重力微弱，宇航员头部的液体会增多。因此，这些腔室会吸收更多的液体并膨胀，佛罗里达大学的太空科学家拉切尔·塞德勒如是说。)”可知，宇航员进入太空后，由于微重力环境，大脑中充满液体的脑室会吸收更多液体并扩大。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Results showed that the longer the task, the more the ventricles seemed to expand.( 结果显示，任务持续时间越长，脑室似乎膨胀得越明显。)”以及划线单词句中“While two-week trips left a minimal mark on ventricles, 6 and 12-month missions resulted in more…enlargement.( 两周的行程对脑室的影响很小，而 6 个月和 12 个月的任务则导致更……扩张。)”可知，划线词前后形成对比——两周的太空旅行对脑室几乎没有影响（minimal mark），而6个月和 12 个月的任务会导致“更……的扩大”，对比逻辑可推断，划线词应与“minimal（微小的、不明显的）”相反，表“明显的”。C 项Noticeable“明显的”符合语境。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Spaceflight’s effects on the brain are even more pressing now that NASA aims to send people to Mars, which could be a two-year round trip, she notes. “Everybody talks about the rocket technology to get to Mars, but the humans are the real difficult task.”(她指出，随着美国国家航空航天局计划将人类送往火星（往返行程可能长达两年），太空飞行对大脑的影响变得更加紧迫。她补充道：“人们都在谈论前往火星的火箭技术，但人类才是真正的艰巨任务。”)”可知，唐娜指出，NASA 计划送人类去火星（往返可能需要两年），而太空飞行对大脑的影响尚未完全明确，且“人类才是真正的难题”，可见她认为送人类去火星是具有挑战性的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章核心研究发现有两个：1.太空任务时间越长，宇航员脑室扩大越明显；2.两次太空飞行间隔不足三年的宇航员，脑室几乎不再扩大，说明大脑未完全恢复。全文围绕“太空飞行对宇航员大脑的影响”展开，核心呼吁/结论是“宇航员需要更长的飞行间隔时间以让大脑恢复”。B 项“宇航员需要更长的飞行间隔时间”贴合主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·江苏扬州·期末）17-year-old Zoe Chen has had a strong interest in space exploration since her early childhood. At the age of 8, she watched the launch of China’s Shenzhou spacecraft on TV with her family. The amazing scene of the rocket rising into the deep blue sky deeply touched her, and she immediately made up her mind to devote herself to the field of aerospace (航空航天) science. Unlike many teenagers of her age who lost themselves in smartphones, computers and video games in their spare time, Zoe spent most weekends visiting local science museums, reading books about astronomy and rocket technology, and even taking detailed notes to figure out key knowledge and ask her science teacher for professional advice. To realize her dream, Zoe worked very hard at school every day. She focused on improving her grades in physics and mathematics, which are indispensable for aerospace research. She also joined her school’s science club, where she worked closely with teammates to do small experiments, repeatedly adjusting (调整) experimental factors and solving unexpected problems to get valuable practical experience. In 2024, she and her team spent three months carefully designing a model rocket that could reach 500 meters, getting over difficulties such as material shortages and structural defects (结构性缺陷), finally winning first prize in a national youth science competition. Her design was highly praised by judges for its creativity and practicality, as it mixed simple and easy-to-get materials with exact structural design. When asked about her future plans in an interview, Zoe said, “I want to study aerospace engineering in a top college and contribute to China’s space program one day. No dream is too big as long as you keep working hard for it.” Her story not only inspires her classmates to follow their own interests and actively join the school’s science club but also shows that young people can make a real difference with continuous effort and honest devotion to their goals. 1．Why did Zoe decide to study aerospace science? A．She was a role model of her classmates. B．She was inspired by Shenzhou’s launch. C．She aimed to win national science contests. D．She was encouraged by her science teacher. 2．What does the underlined word in paragraph 3 probably means? A．Unnecessary. B．Difficult. C．Important. D．Interesting. 3．Why did Zoe’s model win the prize in 2024? A．It could fly as high as 500 meters. B．It brought fresh ideas to rocket design. C．It combines new and old materials. D．It solves problems in operating rockets. 4．What can we learn from Zoe’s story? A．Devotion as well as luck helps to live one’s dreams. B．Building dreams requires spare time and energy. C．Continuous hard work is key to achieving dreams. D．Scientific dreams are within reach of talented youths. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了17岁女孩Zoe Chen受神舟飞船发射启发，立志航天事业，并通过长期专注学习、积极参与实践和克服困难，最终在全国竞赛中获奖的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“At the age of 8, she watched the launch of China’s Shenzhou spacecraft on TV with her family. The amazing scene of the rocket rising into the deep blue sky deeply touched her, and she immediately made up her mind to devote herself to the field of aerospace (航空航天) science. (在8岁那年，她和家人一起在电视上观看了中国神舟飞船的发射过程。火箭升入湛蓝天空的那令人惊叹的景象深深触动了她，于是她当即下定决心要投身于航天科学领域)”可知，因受到神舟飞船发射的鼓舞，Zoe决定学习航天科学。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文“She focused on improving her grades in physics and mathematics (她专注于提高自己在物理和数学方面的成绩)”可知，which引导的非限制性定语从句对先行词physics and mathematics作补充说明，结合科学常识可知，物理和数学对于航空航天研究是必不可少的，划线词意思应该是“必不可少的”，与Important“重要的”意思接近。A. 不必要的；B. 困难的；D. 有趣的。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Her design was highly praised by judges for its creativity and practicality, as it mixed simple and easy-to-get materials with exact structural design. (她的设计受到了评委们的高度赞扬，因其兼具创新性和实用性，它将简单易得的材料与精确的结构设计相结合)”可知，Zoe的模型获奖是因为它为火箭设计带来了新想法。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Her story not only inspires her classmates to follow their own interests and actively join the school’s science club but also shows that young people can make a real difference with continuous effort and honest devotion to their goals. (她的故事不仅激励了她的同学们去追寻自己的兴趣爱好，并积极加入学校的科学俱乐部，而且还表明年轻人只要不断努力、真诚地致力于自己的目标，就能够产生切实的影响)”可知，文章通过Zoe的具体事例，如努力学习、参加俱乐部、克服困难设计火箭，反复强调了持续努力对于实现梦想的关键作用。因此，我们可以从中得到的启示是：持续不断的努力是实现梦想的关键。故选C项。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·安徽·期末）There are quite a lot of asteroids (行星) in space, which come in small sizes. They are usually too dark to see clearly. However, when they fly very close to Earth, tracking them in time becomes very important. We usually find them just a few hours or days before they get closest. And if we do not keep watching them, we can lose track of them almost immediately. Not long ago, scientists found one such asteroid — not with a huge telescope (望远镜), but with a new type of small telescope that can be carried in a bag. The scientists took the telescope into a desert in Oman and collected the key data (数据) with it. Behind the telescope is a man called Franck Marchis, who works at the SETI Institute. His daily job includes using some of the world’s largest telescopes. He designed eVscope with other scientists from Unistellar to encourage more citizen scientists to join in astronomy (天文学). The organization’s goal is to make astronomy more popular among common people. Thanks to technological progress, eVscope has the same power as a room-sized telescope but is much easier to use. When you choose a target to watch, it uses a star database as a map to find the target. The telescope has a special part for dark skies. It takes lots of pictures of the same position and puts them together. This makes dark stars easier to see. People using the telescope can then share what they find with researchers. The system can also send notices to users when something interesting appears in the sky, such as a new comet or a star explosion (supernova). All the observations from different users can be put together to create a better picture. An AI program can then look for unexpected things, like asteroids moving towards Earth. In this way, common people who love science can play an important role in this new age of space discovery. 1．What can we learn about asteroids from paragraph 1? A．They can be tracked without difficulty. B．Scientists haven’t taken them seriously. C．They are hardly observable due to their small sizes. D．Timely tracking is necessary when they get near to Earth. 2．What is Marchis’ purpose in designing eVscope? A．To collect information about deserts. B．To make astronomy more accessible. C．To help his team get more attention. D．To compete with others working in astronomy. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards eVscope? A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Positive. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Asteroids Get Closer to Earth B．A Great Scientist at the SETI Institute C．A New Telescope Brings Space Discovery to Everyone D．The Importance of Telescopes in Modern Astronomy 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新型望远镜eVscope使太空探索更贴近大众。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, when they fly very close to Earth, tracking them in time becomes very important. (然而，当它们飞得离地球非常近时，及时追踪它们变得非常重要)”可知，当小行星接近地球时，及时追踪是必要的。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“He designed eVscope with other scientists from Unistellar to encourage more citizen scientists to join in astronomy (天文学). The organization’s goal is to make astronomy more popular among common people. (他与来自Unistellar的其他科学家设计了eVscope，以鼓励更多的公民科学家加入天文学。该组织的目标是让天文学在普通人中更受欢迎)”可知，Marchis设计eVscope的目的是让天文学更普及。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Thanks to technological progress, eVscope has the same power as a room-sized telescope but is much easier to use. (由于技术进步，eVscope具有与房间大小的望远镜相同的性能，但更容易使用)”和第五段“In this way, common people who love science can play an important role in this new age of space discovery. (通过这种方式，热爱科学的普通人可以在这个太空探索的新时代发挥重要作用)”可知，作者对eVscope持积极态度。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第三段“He designed eVscope with other scientists from Unistellar to encourage more citizen scientists to join in astronomy (天文学). (他与来自Unistellar的其他科学家设计了eVscope，以鼓励更多的公民科学家加入天文学)”和最后一段“In this way, common people who love science can play an important role in this new age of space discovery. (通过这种方式，热爱科学的普通人可以在这个太空探索的新时代发挥重要作用)”可知，文章主要介绍了新型望远镜eVscope如何让太空探索更贴近大众，所以“新型望远镜让太空探索贴近大众”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·河北保定·期末）SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER “Are we alone? What’s out there?” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries. 1 Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true. However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. 2 On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon. Following this, there were many more important space achievements. 3 For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecrafts died during their missions. However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, 4 . China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly furthering our understanding of the universe. 5 Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future. A．Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. B．They decided to put off the work of exploring space. C．The future of space exploration remains bright. D．After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity. E．but it has made great progress in a short time F．China has invested too much in space exploration. G．Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．A 4．E 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空探索的发展历程，从早期人们认为太空旅行是梦想，到苏联、美国的早期太空成就，再到中国太空事业的快速发展，同时提及了太空探索中发生的事故，最后展望了太空探索的光明未来。 1．由上文“Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries.(如今，科学家们设计航天器将宇航员送入太空，以取得重要发现。)”以及下文“Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true. (在20世纪中叶之前，大多数人认为太空旅行只是一个永远无法实现的梦想。)”可知，本空要承接上文的太空探索现状，同时引出下文对过去太空探索认知的转折，G选项“Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.(太空探索已经取得了长足的进步，我们现在希望发现其他足够适合生命存在的行星。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“has come a long way”指代上文的“make important discoveries”，体现太空探索的进展，且与下文“was only a dream”形成今昔对比，突出探索的发展。故选G。 2．由上文“However, scientists were determined to realise that dream.(然而，科学家们决心实现这个梦想。)”以及下文“On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.(1957年10月4日，苏联发射了斯普特尼克1号卫星，并成功环绕地球运行。)”可知，本空要说明科学家为实现梦想所做的努力及成果，D选项“After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity.(经过多次实验，他们成功制造出了能够脱离地球引力的火箭。)”能衔接上下文，该选项中的“they”指代上文的“scientists”，“succeeded in making rockets”是实现“launch the Sputnik 1 satellite”的前提，体现了从努力到成果的过程。故选D。 3．由下文“For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecrafts died during their missions.(例如，联盟11号、挑战者号和哥伦比亚号航天器上的所有宇航员都在执行任务期间遇难。)”可知，本空要引出太空探索中可能发生的意外情况，A选项“Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen.(尽管科学家们努力确保万无一失，但事故仍然可能发生。)”能引出下文，该选项中的“accidents can still happen”是对下文具体事故例子的概括，下文的实例是对该选项的具体说明。故选A。 4．由上文“China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US,(中国的太空计划起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，)”以及下文“China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003.(2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。)”可知，本空要体现中国太空计划虽起步晚但发展迅速的转折关系，E选项“but it has made great progress in a short time(但在短时间内取得了巨大进步)”能衔接上下文，该选项中的“but”表转折，承接上文的“started later”，“made great progress”与下文的具体成就“send humans into space”和“spacewalk”等相呼应，突出中国的发展速度。故选E。 5．由下文“Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.(许多国家计划进一步研究火星和木星等行星。尽管困难重重，科学家们希望能有更多有价值的发现，使人类能够在未来很好地生存下去。)”可知，本空要总结太空探索的未来前景，C选项“The future of space exploration remains bright. (太空探索的未来依然光明。)”能总领下文，该选项中的“future”与下文的“plans to further study”和“hope to make more valuable discoveries”相呼应，表达对未来的乐观预期。故选C。 Passage 6 （25-26高一上·四川成都·期中）Have you ever dreamed of traveling to space? With many developments in space travel, you may soon be able to book a ticket. The International Space Station (ISS) welcomed the first all-private team of astronauts on April 9. The four-man team made a flight praised by NASA as a milestone (里程碑) in space travel. 1 Let’s take a look. Fly me to the moon Japanese businessman Yusaku Maezawa, 46, has invited eight members of the public to join him for a trip around the moon with the help of Elon Musk’s SpaceX company. 2 Finally, it will spend another three days returning. The rocket’s flight path means it will go beyond the distance traveled by the US Apollo programs. The project, called DearMoon, is scheduled for 2023. Living in space hotel Instead of pushing yourself into a small space cabin, how about enjoying your time in a hotel? 3 It is expected to have restaurants, cinemas and rooms for up to 400 guests. Developed by a US company, the space station will be a round structure. 4 It is similar to the gravity (重力) found on the face of the moon. Short space trip While some people may like to stay in space for a long time, others may prefer to simply have a taste. Tickets for a 90-minute journey have been on sale to the public since Feb 16. 5 The private space tourist flights are planned to start later this year. A．The team will enjoy the views of Earth. B．It will rotate (旋转) to create man-made gravity. C．The short space trip has been attractive to some people. D．There are also many other space travel choices available. E．It will take the team three days to fly to the moon and then orbit. F．The world’s first space hotel is planned to start to be built in 2025. G．Many countries are developing their own rockets for scientific research. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．F 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种不同的太空旅行选择：绕月旅行、太空酒店和短途太空旅行。 1．由上文“The four-man team made a flight praised by NASA as a milestone in space travel. (这四人团队完成了一次被NASA誉为太空旅行里程碑的飞行)”以及下文“Let’s take a look. (让我们来看看)”可知，本空要起到承上启下的作用，引出下文将要介绍的多种太空旅行选择。D选项“There are also many other space travel choices available. (还有许多其他太空旅行选择可供选择)”能承接上文里程碑事件，并引出下文的详细介绍，符合题意。故选D。 2．由上文“Japanese businessman Yusaku Maezawa, 46, has invited eight members of the public to join him for a trip around the moon with the help of Elon Musk’s SpaceX company. (46岁的日本商人前泽友作邀请了8名公众和他一起在埃隆·马斯克的SpaceX公司的帮助下进行绕月旅行。)”以及空格后“Finally, it will spend another three days returning. (最后，它将再花三天时间返回)”可知，本空要具体说明此次绕月旅行的行程安排，特别是去程和环绕所需时间。E选项“It will take the team three days to fly to the moon and then orbit. (团队将花费三天时间飞往月球并随后环绕运行)”说明了前期行程和时间，与下文的返回时间相衔接，符合题意。故选E。 3．由上文“Instead of pushing yourself into a small space cabin, how about enjoying your time in a hotel? (与其把自己塞进狭小的太空舱，不如在酒店里享受时光怎么样？)”以及下文“It is expected to have restaurants, cinemas and rooms for up to 400 guests. (预计它将设有餐厅、电影院和可容纳多达400位客人的房间)”可知，本空要引出“太空酒店”这一概念，并开启对其的介绍。F选项“The world’s first space hotel is planned to start to be built in 2025. (世界上第一家太空酒店计划于2025年开始建造)”明确提出了太空酒店及其计划时间，与上下文语境相关，符合题意。故选F。 4．由上文“Developed by a US company, the space station will be a round structure. (由一家美国公司开发，这个空间站将是一个圆形结构)”以及下文“It is similar to the gravity found on the face of the moon. (它类似于月球表面的重力)”可知，本空需要解释这个圆形结构如何产生或模拟重力，从而与下文的“重力”描述相连接。B选项“It will rotate to create man-made gravity. (它将通过旋转来制造人造重力)”准确说明了圆形结构(可能通过旋转)产生重力的机制，直接引出下文的引力大小描述，符合题意。故选B。 5．由上文“Tickets for a 90-minute journey have been on sale to the public since Feb 16. (时长90分钟的旅程门票自2月16日起已向公众发售)”以及下文“The private space tourist flights are planned to start later this year. (私人太空旅游航班计划于今年晚些时候开始)”可知，本段主要围绕“短途太空旅行”展开。C选项“The short space trip has been attractive to some people. (短途太空旅行已经对一些人产生了吸引力)”能很好地承接上文门票开售的信息，并暗示其市场反响，与下文的计划启动形成逻辑联系，符合题意。故选C。 Passage 7 （25-26高一上·浙江杭州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式）。 Have you ever wondered what it’s like to be a mouse in space? Recently, four special mice completed 1 extraordinary mission aboard China’s space station alongside the Shenzhou-XXI astronaut crew. Far from ordinary lab mice, these little pioneers were carefully selected 2 a series of fun but challenging tests. The first stage assessed physical 3 (fit), with the mice 4 (place) on a specially designed “exercise bike”, 5 they had to maintain their position for a set duration. The next challenge focused on motion sickness resistance. Using a two-dimensional rotating (旋转) device, researchers helped the mice adapt to conditions that could cause s space motion sickness. Ultimately, the four best-performing mice earned their “boarding 6 (pass)” to space. Inside the space station, the mice lived in a specially designed home with comfortable temperatures and cozy shelter nests. Cameras showed them actively climbing, eating space food, and curiously 7 (explore) their new environment —floating included! These tiny astronauts are helping scientists understand 8 living in space affects living beings. Since mice share many genes with humans, studying their adaptation in space brings us closer to answering big questions: Can humans live in space for a long time? How does zero gravity change our bodies? After their space mission, the mice 9 (return) safely to Earth, bringing back 10 (value) data. 【答案】 1．an 2．through 3．fitness 4．placed 5．where 6．passes 7．exploring 8．how 9．returned 10．valuable 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四只特殊小鼠通过一系列测试，与神舟二十一号乘组一同在中国空间站完成了一项非凡任务。它们在空间站舒适的环境中积极活动、探索，其太空适应情况能帮助科学家研究太空环境对生物的影响，最终安全返回地球并带回宝贵数据。 1．考查不定冠词。句意：近日，四只特殊的实验鼠与神舟二十一号航天员团队一同在中国的空间站完成了非凡的任务。mission泛指“一项非凡的任务”，“extraordinary”发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。 2．考查介词。句意：与普通的实验鼠不同，这些小小的“先驱者”是经过一系列有趣但又颇具挑战性的测试精心挑选出来的。此处表示“经过、通过”用介词through。故填through。 3．考查名词。句意：第一阶段是对老鼠的体能进行评估，研究人员让这些老鼠坐在一种专门设计的“健身自行车”上，要求它们保持固定姿势一段时间。作动词的宾语，用名词fitness，不可数。故填fitness。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：第一阶段是对老鼠的体能进行评估，研究人员让这些老鼠坐在一种专门设计的“健身自行车”上，要求它们保持固定姿势一段时间。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，the mice与 place为被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故填placed。 5．考查定语从句。句意：第一阶段是对老鼠的体能进行评估，研究人员让这些老鼠坐在一种专门设计的“健身自行车”上，要求它们保持固定姿势一段时间。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词bike，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 6．考查名词的数。句意：最终，表现最出色的四只老鼠获得了前往太空的“登机证”。主语是four mice，应用pass“通行证”的复数形式。故填passes。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：摄像机拍摄到它们正在积极地攀爬、享用太空食品，并饶有兴趣地探索着它们所处的新环境——甚至包括漂浮的动作！与and前的climbing、eating并列，保持一致用-ing形式，构成“代词+动名词”的复合结构，故填exploring。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：这些微小的“宇航员”正在帮助科学家们了解在太空生活对生物的影响。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，表“太空生活如何影响生物”，用连接副词how。故填how。 9．考查时态。句意：在完成太空任务后，这些老鼠安全返回了地球，并带回了大量宝贵的数据。发生在过去用一般过去时。故填returned。 10．考查形容词。句意：在完成太空任务后，这些老鼠安全返回了地球，并带回了大量宝贵的数据。修饰名词data用形容词valuable。故填valuable。 Passage 8 （25-26高一上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）阅读材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)，或括号内单词的正确形式。 The history of space exploration in China dates back 1 900 A．D．, when Chinese scientists pioneered the first basic rockets. Although China did not participate in the space race of the mid-20th century, the country had begun aiming at space travel by 2 late 1950s. And the China National Space Administration (CNSA) 3 (found) in 1988. In 2003, Yang Liwei made history as the first Chinese astronaut 4 (travel) into space. The journey made China the third country in the world to send a human into space and 5 (safe) return them to Earth. Today, China is among the major 6 (player) in the worldwide space exploration effort. So far, the CNSA has sent both orbital and lander missions (任务) to the Moon’s surface, sending back valuable information on the lunar terrains (月球地形). Sample return missions and a possible crewed visit 7 (follow) in the years to come. It’s common for countries to work together in space exploration, 8 helps reduce costs and brings various countries together to break technological barriers. China is interested in 9 (participate) in international agreements for future explorations. It currently partners with the European Space Agency to build a human 10 (settle) on the Moon. 【答案】 1．to 2．the 3．was founded 4．to travel 5．safely 6．players 7．will follow 8．which 9．participating 10．settlement 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国太空探索的历史、成就及未来计划，并强调了国际合作在太空探索中的重要性。 1．考查介词。句意：中国的太空探索历史可以追溯到公元900年，当时中国科学家开创了第一批基础火箭。date back to是固定短语，意为“追溯到”。故填to。 2．考查冠词。句意：尽管中国没有参加20世纪中期的太空竞赛，但中国在20世纪50年代末已经开始瞄准太空旅行。在“late/early+年份复数”前需加定冠词the，表特定的历史时期。the late 1950s表示“20世纪50年代末”，故填the。 3．考查动词语态。句意：中国国家航天局成立于1988年。根据时间状语in 1988可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时，且主语the China National Space Administration (CNSA)和动词found“成立”二者之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was founded。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：2003年，杨利伟成为第一位进入太空的中国宇航员，创造了历史。名词astronaut被序数词first修饰，其后应用不定式，作后置定语，本空用travel“行进”的不定式。故填to travel。 5．考查副词。句意：这次旅行使中国成为世界上第三个将人类送入太空并安全返回地球的国家。空处修饰动词return，应用副词safely“安全地”，作状语。故填safely。 6．考查名词复数。句意：如今，中国已成为全球太空探索的主要参与者之一。本空作among的宾语，用名词player“参与者”，前面有among，表示多个参与者，应用复数形式。故填players。 7．考查动词时态。句意：样本返回任务和可能的载人登月任务将在未来几年进行。follow“跟随”。根据时间状语 in the years to come“在未来几年”可知，表将要发生的动作，时态需用一般将来时，谓语用will follow。故填will follow。 8．考查定语从句。句意：各国在太空探索中合作是很常见的，这有助于降低成本，并使各国团结起来打破技术壁垒。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国有兴趣参与未来探索的国际协议。位于介词in后，应用participate“参与”的动名词，作宾语。故填participating。 10．考查名词。句意：它目前与欧洲航天局合作，在月球上建立人类定居点。空处作build的宾语，用名词settlement“定居点”，根据空前的冠词a可知，用其单数形式。故填settlement。 Passage 9 （25-26高一上·安徽·月考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s space exploration program has made remarkable progress in recent years, with the Tiangong space station being a key milestone. Since its first module was launched in 2021, Tiangong 1 (serve) as a home for Chinese astronauts, allowing them to carry out scientific experiments in orbit. The station’s design shows great creativity. It 2 (make) up of three main modules, each with special functions. For example, the Wentian module focuses on life science research, while the Mengtian module is used 3 (test) new space technologies. These modules work together smoothly, making Tiangong one of the most advanced space stations in the world. Astronauts on Tiangong also connect with people on Earth 4 (regular). They host live classes, sharing interesting space knowledge with students. In 2023, astronaut Wang Yaping gave a lesson from the station, 5 inspired millions of young people to become interested in space science. China’s space dream doesn’t stop here. By 2030, the country will have sent its first crewed mission to the moon. This mission will help scientists learn more about the moon’s surface and 6 (resource). Moreover, China plans to work with other countries on deep-space exploration, building a 7 (share) future for human spaceflight. The success of China’s space program lies 8 the hard work of thousands of scientists. Their 9 (devote) and expertise have turned impossible dreams into reality. Every launch, every experiment, and every step forward proves China’s ability to contribute to human’s exploration of the universe. For anyone who looks up at the night sky, Tiangong is not just a space station — it’s a symbol of hope,   10 (show) that humans can achieve great things with teamwork and persistence. 【答案】 1．has served/has been serving 2．is made 3．to test 4．regularly 5．which 6．resources 7．shared 8．in 9．devotion 10．showing 【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了中国天宫空间站的建设进展、功能设计，以及中国航天计划的未来规划。 1．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自2021年首个舱段发射以来，天宫一直是中国航天员的“家园”，让他们能在轨道上开展科学实验。根据时间状语“Since its first module was launched in 2021”可知，此处用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语Tiangong是单数，谓语动词用has served或has been serving。故填has served/has been serving。 2．考查动词时态语态。句意：它由三个主要舱段组成，每个舱段都有特殊功能。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，be made up of是固定短语，意为“由……组成”，主语It是单数，be动词用is。故填is made。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，问天舱专注于生命科学研究，而梦天舱则用于测试新的航天技术。be used to do sth.是固定结构，意为“被用来做某事”，此处应用动词不定式to test，作目的状语。故填to test。 4．考查副词。句意：天宫上的航天员也会定期与地球上的人们进行交流。此处修饰动词connect，应用副词regularly，意为“定期地”，作状语。故填regularly。 5．考查定语从句。句意：2023年，航天员王亚平在空间站授课，这激励了数百万年轻人对航天科学产生兴趣。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 6．考查名词。句意：这次任务将帮助科学家更多地了解月球表面和资源。resource是可数名词，结合语境“月球资源”应用复数形式resources，作宾语。故填resources。 7．考查形容词。句意：此外，中国计划与其他国家合作开展深空探测，为人类航天事业构建一个共享的未来。此处修饰名词future，应用形容词shared，意为“共享的”，作定语。故填 shared。 8．考查介词。句意：中国航天计划的成功在于数千名科学家的辛勤工作。lie in是固定短语，意为“在于；取决于”，此处应用介词in。故填in。 9．考查名词。句意：他们的奉献和专业知识将不可能的梦想变成了现实。此处与expertise并列作主语，应用名词devotion，意为“奉献”，是不可数名词。故填devotion。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于任何仰望夜空的人来说，天宫不仅仅是一个空间站，它是希望的象征，表明人类通过团队合作和坚持可以取得伟大的成就。句中已有谓语is，此处应是非谓语形式。it (指Tiangong)与show是主谓关系，应用现在分词showing，作状语。故填showing。 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $